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Air-Conditioning and
Refrigeration
Shan K. Wang
9.1
Zalman Lavan
Professor Emeritus, Illinois
Institute of Technology
Introduction ......................................................................9-2
Air-conditioning Air-Conditioning Systems AirConditioning Project Development and System Design
Individual Consultant
9.2
Psychrometrics ...............................................................9-11
Moist Air Humidity and Enthalpy Moist Volume, Density,
Specific Heat, and Dew Point Thermodynamic Wet Bulb
Temperature and Wet Bulb Temperature Psychometric Charts
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9-1
9-2
Section 9
9.9
Water Systems................................................................9-87
Types of Water Systems Basics Water Piping PlantBuilding Loop Plant-Distribution-Building Loop
9.1 Introduction
Air-Conditioning
Air-conditioning is a process that simultaneously conditions air; distributes it combined with the outdoor
air to the conditioned space; and at the same time controls and maintains the required spaces temperature,
humidity, air movement, air cleanliness, sound level, and pressure differential within predetermined
limits for the health and comfort of the occupants, for product processing, or both.
The acronym HVAC&R stands for heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating. The combination of these processes is equivalent to the functions performed by air-conditioning.
Because I-P units are widely used in the HVAC&R industry in the U.S., I-P units are used in this
chapter. A table for converting I-P units to SI units is available in Appendix X of this handbook.
Air-Conditioning Systems
An air-conditioning or HVAC&R system consists of components and equipment arranged in sequential
order to heat or cool, humidify or dehumidify, clean and purify, attenuate objectionable equipment noise,
transport the conditioned outdoor air and recirculate air to the conditioned space, and control and maintain
an indoor or enclosed environment at optimum energy use.
The types of buildings which the air-conditioning system serves can be classified as:
Institutional buildings, such as hospitals and nursing homes
Commercial buildings, such as offices, stores, and shopping centers