COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
COCHIN 682 022

Syllabus
M.Sc.(Electronic Science)
(2013-2015)

Course structure

Semester I
C/E

Credi
t

Mathematical and
computational Methods

ELE 2102

Electronics devices and

circuits

ELE 2103

Network Analysis

ELE 2104

Digital logic design

ELE 2105

Electromagnetics

ELE 2101L

Computer Laboratory

ELE 2102L

Electronics Circuits
laboratory

Course No

Name of the Course

ELE 2101

Pre requisites
B.Sc.
(Electronics/Ph
ysics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)
B.Sc.
( Electronics/
Physics)

Total credits required

19
Semester II
Course No
ELE 2201
ELE 2202

Name of the Course

Microprocessors &
Microcontrollers
Communication
Electronics

C/E

Credi
t

ELE 2203

Digital Signal Processing

ELE 2204

Control Systems

ELE 2205

TV & Video systems

ELE 2206

Introduction To Robotics
Microwave Devices and
Measurements

ELE 2210

Data Structures

ELE 2201L

Microprocessor Laboratory
Control Systems
laboratory

ELE 2207

ELE 2204L

Pre requisites

Total credits required

19

Semester III
Course No

Name of the Course

ELE 2301

Seminar

ELE 2303

Introduction to
Embedded systems
Computer networks

ELE 2304

Artificial Intelligence

ELE 2302

ELE 2305
ELE 2308
ELE 2309

Robotics And Intelligent

Systems
Wave guides and
Antennas
Operating System

C/E

Credi
t

ELE 2210

ELE 2206

ELE 2207

ELE 2311

Microwave
Communication And
Radar Systems
Computer Organization

ELE 2312

Computer graphics

ELE 2313

Sensors And Actuators

ELE 2310

ELE 2305L

Microprocessor systems
Laboratory
Robotics laboratory

ELE 2310L

Microwave Laboratory

ELE 2312L

Computer Laboratory

ELE 2302L

Pre requisites

ELE 2207

ELE 2206

Total credits required

18

Semester IV
Course No

Name of the Course

ELE 2401

Project evaluation and

Viva Voce

C/E

Credi
t

16
3

Total Credits for the Course

=19+19+18+16 = 72

ELE 2101 MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

1 Numerical Analysis: Numerical Computations, sources of errors, Numerical

2
3
4
5

solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, bisection method, Newton

Raphson method, iteration methods, Polynomial interpolation: Lagrange
interpolation polynomial, divided differences, Newton's divided differences
interpolation polynomial.
Solution of linear system of algebraic equations: Gauss Siedel iteration
method, Gauss elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method. LU decomposition
method. Error equations. Matrix inversion and Eigen value problems.
Numerical integration and differentiation: Trapeziodal rule. Romberg
integration, Simpsons rule. Improper integrals, error analysis, numerical
differentiation, finite difference methods.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Initial value
problems: Euler methods, Modified Euler methods, Runge-Kutt methods.
Solution of simultaneous ODE.
Boundary value problems: Numerical solution of boundary value of
problems, methods of finite differences, Partial Diferential equations, solution
of Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic PDE.

References:
1
2
3
4

M.L. James, G.M. smith and J.C. Walford, "Applied Numerical methods Digital
Computation", Herper & Tow,1983.
M.K.Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar, R.K. Jain, "Numerical methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation", Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1993.
P.Kandaswamy K. Thilagavathy: Numerical Methods, S.Chand & Co. 1996
E.V.Krishnamurthy, S.K. Sen: Numerical Algorithms, Affiliated East West/1001.

ELE 2102 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

1.

2.

3.

4.

Semiconductor Devices: Power diodes, BJTs, power MOSFETs, Thyristors,

Gate turn - off thyristors, TRIAC, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors: Structure,
Characteristics, Operation, Limitation and Safe Operating Areas; Comparison
of Controllable Switches, Emerging devices and circuits.
Feedback and Stability: Concept, Negative Feedback Loop, General
Requirements of Feedback Circuits, Effect of Feedback on Amplifier,
Performance, The four Basic Amplifier types, The four feedback Topologies,
Effect of Feedback Connection on Amplifier Port Resistance, Examples of Real
Feedback Amplifiers, Feedback Loop Stability.
Operational Amplifiers : Characteristics ,The op-amp architecture,
differential, DC level and Input Stages; Linear op-amp circuits: Non-inverting,
Inverting, Difference, Instrumentation, Summation, Integration,
Differentiation Amplifiers; Non Linear Op-amp Circuits: Open Loop
Comparator, Polarity Indicator, Schmitt Trigger; Non-Ideal Properties of Opamps: Output Saturation, Offset and Bias Voltages and Current, Skew Rate,
Finite Frequency Response, Gain-bandwidth product.
Linear Wave shaping circuit: RC/RL/RLC circuits, Pulse transformer
modelling, switching characteristics of devices(diodes, BJT, MOS,IGBT), switch
with capacitive load, inductive load, non saturating switches, multivibrators
astable, monostable, bistable(commutation and triggering), negative
5

resistance switching circuits and characteristics, time base generators

bootstrap, miller, blocking oscillators, transient switching and characteristics.
Power Amplifiers - Classification - class A , class B, Class AB, Class C and
class D - Transformer coupled class AB Power amplifier - Transformer less
class AB push-pull Power amplifier - complementary symmetry power
amplifier - Harmonic distortion in Power amplifiers - Transistor rating -Heat
sinks -Switching amplifiers.

5.

References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Horenstein, Mark N., Micro Electronics Circuits and Devices

PHI,
1997.
Millman & Grabel, Micro Electronics McGraw-Hill.
Millman, Jacob and Herbert, Taub, Pulse, Digital and switching
waveforms, Tata McGraw Hill 1991.
Sedra & Smith , Microelectronic circuits, Oxford University Press, 5th
Ed..
Ben G. Streetman, Sanjay Kumar Banerjee Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2009

ELE 2103 NETWORK ANALYSIS

1.

Review of basic circuit

concepts: Classification of circuits circuit
elements, sources and Kirchoffs law.
Review of Network TheoremsSubstitution, superposition Reciprocity, Maximum Power Transfer, Thevenins,
Nortons, Transients in Linear circuits Initial conditions Rise and decay of
current in RL Circuit Time constant RC circuits with impressed DC Voltage
RL and RC circuits with sinusoidal voltage DC transients in RLC circuits
damping.
Signal representation and network response: Characteristics of signals
Unit step function, impulse and ramp function non sinusoidal signalsrepresentation of a wave using Fourier series expansion Frequency
Spectrum of periodic waveforms Fourier integral and Fourier transforms
discrete and continuous frequency spectra.
Laplace transform analysis: Main properties of L.T. Lap lace Transform of
important signal waveforms. Lap lace transform of important signal
waveforms. Lap lace transform initial of simple network partial fraction
expansion initial and final value theorems convolution integrals.
Network functions: Concept of complex frequency transform impedance
and admittance-driving point impedance and admittance transfer functionrelation between transfer function and impulse response their use in
network analysis and design poles and zeros Pole-Zero plot relation
between time domain behavior and pole zero plot.
Filters, attenuators and equalizers: Relation between bandwidth and rise
time, delay time and network function. Analysis of constant K and M derived
fitters. Introduction to network synthesis of passive one port networks
properties and synthesis of LC. RC and RL network. Foster properties and
synthesis of LC. RC and RL network. Foster and Cauer methods Introduction
to positive real functions.

2.

3.

4.

5.

References:
1
2

Desor and Kuo, Basic Circuit Theory Mc.Graw Hill Book Co.Ltd.(3 rd Edition)
Van Valkenberg, Network Analysis Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., {3 rd Edition)
1991
6

3
4

Ryder, Network lines and fields

Van Vankenberg, Principle of Network Synthesis

ELE 2104 DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

1.
Number Systems and Conversion: Binary Codes, Boolean Algebra: Basic
Operations,
Truth Tables, Simplification Theorems, Laws and Theorems of Boolean Algebra,
Duality,
EX-OR and Equivalence, Positive and Negative Logic, Concensus Theorem.
2.
Application of Boolean Algebra: Conversion of English Sentences to
Boolean Equations, Minterm and Maxterm Expansions, Incompletely Specified
Functions;
Kasrnaugh Maps: 2,3 and 4 variable K-maps, Minimum Expressions using
Essential Prime Implicates; Quine-McCluskey Methods; Petricks Methods,
Simplification using Map-entered variables.
3.
Multi-level Gate Network: Functionally Completely sets of Logic Gates,
Multi-level NAND-NOR Gate Networks, Network conversion using alternative
Gate Symbols, Multiple Output memories, Programmable Logic Devices.
4.
Flip-Flops: S-R,Trigger, J-K, Clocked J-K and D-flip-flops, Characteristic
Equations, Design of Binary counter, other Sequences, Counter Design using SR Flip-Flops, J-K Flip-Flops, & D-flip flops, Short cut methods for deriving J-K flipflops input equations, Design of a Code Converter.
5.
State Graphs and Tables: Design of sequence detector, Construction of
state graphs, Serial data code conversion, Implication Table, Equivalent
sequential networks, Incompletely specified state tables, Flip-flop input
equations, Equivalent state assignments; Interactive Networks: Design of
Parity Checker, Comparator and Pattern Detector.
References :
1 Roth Jr, Charles H, Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Publishing House,
5th Edition
2
M.N. Biswas, Logic Design Theory.

ELE 2105 ELECTROMAGNETICS

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Introduction:
Review of Maxwells equations Faradays, Gausss and
Amperes laws, boundary conditions, far field vectors, power flow and Pointing
vector.
Propagation: Propagation of uniform plane waves-Uniform plane waves in
lossy media, conductors and di- electronics, skin depth, polarization group
velocity, Normal Propagation of uniform plane waves Uniform plane waves in
lossy media, conductors and dielectrics, skin depth, polarization, group
velocity. Normal and oblique incidence of plane waves on plane boundaries,
oblique incidence, loss less media and perfect conductors.
Equations governing potential functions - Laplace, Poisson equations and
solutions, uniqueness of solution to Lap laces eqn., superposition of solution,
solution to Poissons equation
TEM Waves - loss less transmission lines Sinusoidal steady state excitation
voltage and current as a function of position, matching, power flow. Lossy
transmission line.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in ionosphere. Structure of
ionosphere, Plasma oscillations, wave propagation in plasma, Collision effect in
7

plasma, Effect of permittivity and conductivity of ionized gas, Reflections and

refractions of waves, Regular and irregular variations of ionosphere,
Attenuation factor.
Reference:
1. Jordan.E.C and Balmain, Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems
Prentice Hall.
2. Paul.C.R and S.A.Nassar, Introduction to Electromagnetic fields , McGraw
Hill, 1987.
3 Rao, N. Narayana, Elements of engineering Electromagnetics PHI, 4 th
Edition 1998.
4 John David Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3 rd Edition, Wiley Eastern
2004

ELE 2201 MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

1 Review of 8085 Microprocessor Systems: Organization & architecture of
8085, Register Organization. Addressing Modes Interrupts Peripheral
Interfacing: 8255, 8254, 8257, 8259.
2 Interfacing Data Converters & Display Devices: ADCs- Successive
approximation, Integrating type, Flash type, Case study ADC 0808, DACs ,
case study: DAC 0808. 16X2 LCD, 8bit and 4 bit modes.
3 16-bit Microprocessor: 8086 internal architecture- registers, memory
address space, segment registers, memory segmentation, stack, I/O space,
addressing modes, instruction set and assembly language programming.
4 Advanced Microprocessor: Pinouts and Functions of 80386 and 80486
Internal architecture, Memory and I/O space Address Decoding-Memory
Interfacing Dynamic RAM I/O Interface- General Purpose Registers
Programming model, real mode and protected mode operations.
5 Microcontrollers: Intel MCS 51 Architecture, Signal Descriptions, Register
set, Interrupts, In-built peripherals Instruction set System Design.
References
1

Gaonkar. R.S, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Application

with the 8085 Penram International Publishing, India, 3 rd Edition, 1997.
2. Hall, Douglas V., Microprocessors and Interfacing Programming and
Hardware, McGraw HillBook, Company, 1986
3. INTEL Microcontroller application notes / data sheets.
4. Brey, Barry B., The Intel Microprocessors Architecture, Programming &
Interfacing, Third Edition, PHI, 1995.

ELE 2202
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS

Modulation Techniques: Amplitude modulation and demodulation, SSB, DSB,

Vestigial Sideband Modulation, Frequency division multiplexing
Multiplexing AM Radio and Television: Angle Modulation, Frequency
modulation and Demodulation. Phase Locked Loop, Limiting of FM waves, FM
Radio, Stereophonic FM Broadcasting
Television: Modulation Techniques, TV Standards, B/W Transmission &
Reception Color Transmission & Reception
Digital Transmission: Pulse Code Modulation, Sampling, Quantising, Coding.
Differential Pulses-Code Modulation. Differential pulse code modulation. Delta
modulation, Digital Multiplexing for Telephony. Digital Modulation Techniques:
ASK, FSK, PSK. QPSK.
Noise in Analog Modulation: Signal to Noise Ratio, AM Receiver models, FM
receiver models, Noise in AM reception, Noise in FM reception, FM Threshold
effect, Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM
Reference:

1
2
3
4

Haykin, Simon., An Introduction to analog and digital communications, John

Wiley&Sons, 1994
Lathi, B.P., Modern Digital and Analog Communication systems, Third
Edition, Oxford series in Electrical and Computer Engineering, (CULT OXFORD
1998).
Taub H., and Schilling D.T., Principles of Communication Systems, Mc-Graw
Hill, 1986.
Hambley, Allan R., An Introduction to Communication Systems, Computer
Science Press, 1990
9

10

ELE 2203
1.

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Discrete- time Signals & Systems: Properties of discrete time systems

Convolution- Difference Equation Representation of Discrete Time Systems.
The Z transform properties of Z Transform - Inverse Z Transform System
Function
Discrete Fourier transform: Discrete Fourier Transform Properties Block
Convolution, Decimation in- time FFT algorithm Decimation-in-Frequency
FFT Algorithm- Mixed Radix FFT Algorithms.
Two dimensional signals & Systems: Properties 2D Z transform and 2D
DFT. (introduction only)
Digital Filters: Specification- IIR & FIR filters Realization Schemes. Design
of IIR filters - Analog filters approximations- Butterworth & Chebyshev
approximations. Transformation Bilinear & Impulse Invariant Transformation.
Design of FIR filters Fourier Series method Use of Window functionsfrequency sampling design
Finite Word length effects in digital systems - Fixed point arithmeticFloating point arithmetic-Block floating point arithmetic Truncation
Rounding - Quantization error Coefficient Inaccuracy Error, Product round off
error - Limit cycle oscillations Applications of digital Signal Processing (brief
description)

2.

3.
4.

5.

References:
1
2
3
4

Oppenheim, Alan V., & Sihafer, Ronald W., Discrete time Signal Processing,
Prentice Hall of India
Ahmed N., & Natarajan T.R., Discrete- time Signals & System Reston Pub.
Co., 1983
Proakis, John J., Williams A.B., & Tayler F.J., Electronic Filter Design
Handbook , Mc-Graw Hill 1988
L.R.Rabiner & B.Gold, Theory and applications of Digital Signal Processing ,
Prentice Hall of India.

ELE 2204
1.
2.

3.

4.

CONTROL SYSTEMS

Basic Control System Components : Block diagram description - Reduction

of block diagram - Open loop and closed loop systems - Signal flow graphs and
their use in determining Transfer function.
Properties of Systems: Linearity, time invariance, stability and causality;
Special properties of Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems: Transfer function,
Impulse response; State variable Representation and Solution of State
Equation for Electrical Systems, Electro-mechanical systems and analogous
systems.
Transient and Steady State Analysis: Transient response of first order and
second order systems - Error Constants- Generalized Definition of Error
Coefficients, AC and DC Servomotors and Stepper Motor as Control System
Components.
Concept of Stability: Poles, zeros and their significance in stability analysis,
Tools
and Techniques for LTI Control System Analysis: Root
11

5.

Locus Method, Routh Hurwit's Criterion, Bode Plot, Polar Plot, Nyquist criterion,
Nichols chart.
Design of Control Systems and Compensation Techniques: Control
System Compensators - Elements of Lead Compensation - Lag CompensationLead Compensation Lag-Lead Compensation, P I D Control

References:
1. M. Gopal Control system Principles and design TMH, 1998
2 K. Ogata Modern Control Engineering 3rd ed. 1997, PHI
3 B.C. Kuo Automatic Control Systems, 7th ed. PHI 1995.

12

ELE 2206
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS

Introduction: Definitions, Robot Classifications - Cartesian, Cylindrical,

Spherical Work envelope, Repeatability, Precision, Accuracy. Types of joints,
Prismatic, Revolute, Ball and socket, Number of Axes, Degrees of freedom,
Joint variables.
Actuators and End Effectors :Pneumatic Drives Hydraulic Drives
Mechanical Drives Electrical Drives D.C.Servo Motors, Stepper Motor, A.C.
Servo Motors Salient Features, Applications and Comparison of Drives End
Effectors Grippers Mechanical Grippers, Pneumatic and Hydraulic
Grippers, Magnetic Grippers, Vacuum Grippers; Two Fingered and Three
Fingered Grippers; Internal Grippers and External Grippers; Selection and
Design Considerations.
Kinematics: World frame, joint frame, end-effector frame, Rotation Matrix,
composite rotation matrix , Homogeneous Matrix, Link Coordinate, Denavit Hartenberg representation, Arm equation, Tool configuration.
Robot Dynamics: Velocity Kinematics, Jacobian, Singularities, Differential
motion, Euler - LaGrange Equation, Expression of Kinetic and Potential
Energy, Equations of Motion.
Robot Programming & Industrial Applications: : Teach In, Teach
Through, High Level languages robot talk, Comparison of teaching and
programming methods, Software speed up. Industrial Applications: Loading
and Unloading, Die-casting, Spot and ARC welding. Selection of robots.

References:
1. Fu, K.S. et al , Robotics Control, Sensing , Vision and Intelligence,
McGraw Hill.
2. Selig. J. M Introductory Robotics PHI(UK), 1992.
3. Robotics and Automation Handbook Editor: Thomas R. Kurfess, CRC
Press,2005
4. Yoram Koren, Robotics for Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1992
5. Groover M.P et al Industrial Robotics Technology, Programming &
Applications McGraw Hill.

ELE 2207 MICROWAVE DEVICES AND MESUREMENTS

1. Microwave Tube devices: Velocity modulation, Basic Principles of two
cavity, Klystron and reflex Klystrons, Principles of operation of Magnetron
and TWT.
2. Microwave Semiconductor devices : Transferred Electron devices, Gunn
effect, Principles of operation, SA diode, Reed diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPPAT
diode, YIG Devices
3. Parametric Amplifiers: Non linear reactance, Manley Rowe power
relations, Small signal method, parametric amplifiers, Parametric Upconverter, Parametric Down-converter, Applications
4. Microwave components: Faraday Rotation in Ferrites, Isolator, Circulator
Faraday rotation Switch and Modulator, 3 port circulation, impedance
matching single stub and double stub.
5. Microwave Measurements: Microwave Measurement of Power, Insertion
loss, Attenuation, Frequency, VSWR, Q and Impedance, network analyzer,
measurement of scattering parameter, frequency measurement by slotted
line and resonant cavities.
References:
13

1.

Samuel Y. Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits Prentice Hall,

1995
2.
K.C. Gupta Microwaves, New Age International Ltd.1995.
3.
Rajeshwari Chatterji: Microwave, Millimeter wave and sub-millimeter
wave
vacuum electron devices, Affiliated East - West Press, 1994
4.
Sigfrid Yngyesson: Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer
Academic, 1991.
5.
Stephen C. C. Harsany: `Principles of Microwave Technology, Prentice
Hall, 1997

ELE 2302

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

1 Introduction: Embedded system requirements, RISC architecture,

Hybrid architecture, , Development Environment, embedded software,
Hard real time systems RTOS, 16F87X series PIC processor organization
2 System Connections and Interfacing: 16-bit Microprocessors 8086
Review Address Decoding of Ports and Memory Interrupts and
Response 8086 based systems Minimum mode and maximum mode
operations
3 Interfacing: Interfacing standards, 12C, USART-RS232, RS 485, SPI,
Microwire, USB etc., Analog interfacing, PWM, ADC, DAC, Real Time
Clock, LCDs, PC Keyboard.
4 Analog interfacing: Review of Opamps, Sensors and Transducers
Interfacing and applications A/D converter types, Specifications and
Interfacing.
5 Microcontrollers: Microchip PIC16F87X Architecture, Instruction set .
registers, I/O, memory management, interrupt structure, instruction set
and programming event capture, comparators, Power saving, System
design.
References:
1. Hall, Douglas V., Microprocessors and Interfacing Programming
and Hardware, McGraw HillBook, Company, 1986
2. Brey, Barry B., The Intel Microprocessors Architecture,
Programming & Interfacing, Third Edition, PHI, 1995
3. Microchip - Microcontroller application notes / data sheets.

ELE 2303 COMPUTER NETWORKS

1.
2.

3.

4.

Introduction to Network Structure, Topology, and Standards:

Services and Standardization, ISO Reference Model for Open System
Interconnection. Functions and Design Issues of the OSI Layers.
Physical Layer Concepts : Data Transfer Modes: Synchronous and
Asynchronous, Speed Matching Concept, Multiplexers, Statistical
Multiplexers, Concentrators, Modems and Switching: circuit, message
and packet.
Data Link Layer and Network Layer Protocols: Elementary Data
Link Protocols, Sliding Window Protocols Pipelining of Data Frames,
Protocol Performance, Specification and Verification, Routing Algorithms
and Congestion Control.
Internetworking, Transport protocols and Applications: Bridges
and Gateways, Multiple Access Networks, Remote Procedure Calls,
14

Connection Management, TCP/IP ATM Networks, ASN.1, Electronic Mail,

ISDN, Satellite, Fiber Optic and Cellular Radio Networks.
MAC Networks : Contention and Contentionless MAC protocols, Bus and
Ring
Architectures, CSMA/CD, Slotted Ring and Token Passing LAN
Protocols, IEEE 802 standardization in OSI model: IEEE 802.2, 802.3,
802.4 and 802.5 standards. IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standards.

References:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, Tata McGraw Hill,
2. Pallapa Venkataram and S. S. Manvi, Communication Protocol
Engineering,
PHI, 2004.
3. A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Third Edition, PHI, 2002.
4. William Stallings, High Speed Networks, PHI, 1998.
5. Uyless D. Black, Data Communications and Distributed Networks, Third
Edition,
PHI, 1995.

ELE 2305

ROBOTICS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

1. Robot Controllers: Essential components - Joint Actuation and Sensing,

Drives for Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuators, H-bridge drives for DC motor,
Overload, Over current and Stall Detection Methods, Position. Speed and
Direction sensing Example of an Embedded System-Robot Controllers.
2. Robot Motion control: Robot Motion Planning, Path planning, Geometric
path, obstacle avoidance, shortest path, Trajectory planning, The boundary
conditions, Control Methods-Conventional Joint PID Control, Computed torque ,
Nonlinear feedback, Adaptive control, Variable structure control
3. Mobile Robots: Introduction to Wheeled robots, Classification of wheels,
Fixed wheel, Centered Orientable wheel, Off-centered orientable wheel,
Swedish wheel, Mobile Robot Locomotion, Differential Drive, Tricycle,
Synchronous Drive, Omni-directional, Ackerman Steering, Kinematics models of
WMR
4. Motion planning and Navigation: Basics, Configuration Space, Obstacles,
Motion Planning Methods, Roadmap Approaches, Visibility graphs, Voronoi
diagram,
Cell
Decomposition,
Trapezoidal
Decomposition,
Quadtree
Decomposition, Potential Fields, Bug Algorithms.
5. Robot Vision: Introduction, Image acquisition, Illumination Techniques, Image
Conversion, Cameras, Sensors, Camera and System Interface, Frame Buffers
and Grabbers, . Image Processing and Analysis Data Reduction: Edge detection,
Feature Extraction and Object Recognition Algorithms. Applications
Inspection, Identification, Visual Serving and Navigation.
References:
1 Fu, K.S.,et.al , Robotics
Intelligence, McGraw-Hill.
2
3
4
5
6

Control,

Sensing

Vision

and

Sensors for Mobile Robots --- Theory and Application, H. R. Everett, A. K.

Peters, Ltd, ISBN 1-56881-048-2.
Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots, Roland Siegwart, Illah R.
Nourbakhsh, The MIT Press, 2004, ISBN 0-262-19502-X
Robotics and Automation Handbook Editor: Thomas R. Kurfess, CRC
Press,2005.Where am I? Sensors and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning,
J. Borenstein et al, The university of Michigan, 1996 Zuech, Nello, Applying
Machine Vision, John Wiley & Sons, 1988
Janakiraman.P.A., Robotics and Image Processing, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1995.
15

ELE 2308 WAVE GUIDES AND ANTENNAS

1. Transmissions lines:
Transmission line parameters Transmission line
equations Input impedance, SWR, Smith chart, Microstrip transmission line
2. Wave Guides: TE and TM waves in rectangular wave guides, wave
impedance, attenuation factor and Q factor, Power handling capacity
3. Antennas: Radiation mechanism, Antenna structures, Radiation pattern,
Gain, Directivity, Radiation resistance, efficiency, band width, beam width,
Polarisation, Friss transmission formula, Effective aperture, EIRP
4. Potential Functions:
Potential functions and EM field, Potential
functions for sinusoidal oscillators, Alternating current element short
antennas, Half wave dipole
5. Antenna Arrays: Arrays of two isotropic point sources, Uniform N element
array Array factor pattern multiplication Parabolic reflectors horn
antennas
References:
1. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, Third edition, Oxford University
Press, 2006
2. Jordan E.C, and Balmain K. G., Electromagnetic waves and Radiating
Systems
3. C A Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3 rd Edition, John Wiley
and Sons, 2005

ELE 2310

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION AND

RADAR SYSTEMS

1. RF propagation: Loss in free space: Atmospheric effects on propagations

and diffraction effects, Various Fadings, Path Analysis: Unfaded signal level,
Thermal noise Threshold: Frequency deviation. Antenna gain, Noise on FM
radio link: Sources of noise, FM improvement threshold, Noise power ratio
2. Radar Fundamentals: Introduction, Radar Equation, Block diagram, Radar
frequencies, Applications, Prediction of range performance, Pulse Repetition
Frequency and Range ambiguities, Antenna parameters-System losses
3. Radar Transmiters: Radar Transmitters, Modulators, Solid state
transmitters, Radar Antennas- Parabolic-Scanning feed-Lens-Radomes,
Electronically steered phased array antenna-Applications, ReceiversDisplays-Duplexers
4. Radar Signal Characteristics: Radar range equation, Radar frequencies,
pulse considerations, Minimum detectable signal, Receiver noise, Integration
of radar pulses, FM-CW radar, MTI
5. Special purpose radars: Special purpose radars, Synthetic aperture radar,
HF and over the horizon radar, Air surveillance radar, Height finder and 3D
radars, Bistatic radar, Radar Beacons, Radar Jamming and Electronic
Counters.
References
1. Freeman, "Radio system Design for telecommunications", Wiley 1997
2. Radar Handbook -Merril I.Skolnik , McGraw Hill Publishers, 1990
3. J. C. Toomay, Paul Hannen Radar Principles for the Non-Specialist,
SolTech Pub. 2004
16

4. Merril I.Skolnik, Radar systems, McGraw Hill Publishers, 2005.

ELE 2313 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

1. Fundamentals: Define accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution,
linearity, error, and uncertainty., average deviation, and standard
deviation . signal conditioning techniques.Tactile and proximity
Sensors: .Magnetic, Inductive .Capacitive, Optical, Hall Effect, Ultrasonic
and Microwave. Pyro-Electric Touch and Slip Sensors,
2. Position Sensors Potentiometric, LVDT, Optical sensors - Optical
Encoders Absolute Incremental, Velocity and Speed measurements, ,
Quadrature decoding Encoder Resolution, Doppler Sensors
3. Actuators Hydraulic and Pneumatic, Electrical actuators:, DC motors,
AC motors, Stepper motors, BLDC, Solenoids. Motor drives:. PWM and Hbridges, case study L298 based drive.
4. Beacons and Range Sensors: Passive and Active Beacons: Ultrasonic,
Infra red and Laser, Triangulation and Trilateration , Global Positioning
System, DGPS.
5. Inertial Measurement Units: Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Electronic
Compass, Tilt Sensor. MEMS sensors. Case study Analog Devices ADXL345
3 axis accelerometer .
References:
1

Sensors for Mobile Robots --- Theory and Application, H. R. Everett, A. K.

Peters, Ltd, ISBN 1-56881-048-2.
2 Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots, Roland Siegwart, Illah R.
Nourbakhsh, The MIT Press, 2004, ISBN 0-262-19502-X
3. Where am I? Sensors and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning,
J. Borenstein et al, The university of Michigan, 1996
4. Introduction to Mechatronics & Measurement Systems, Histand,
M.B. & Alciatore,D.G., McGraw-Hill, 2003

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