Life Style

Life
Style
Patterns
In
A
Section
Of
First
Class
Professionals
In Sialkot City.
Abu Bakar , Ahmed Jahangir , Ahsan Riaz , Amina Afzal , Amna Qaiser , Faiza
Sirbuland , Fatima Kamran , Maham Khalid , Maheer Ghawash , Mehwish Sajid ,
Mudassir Saleem , Naeem Virk , Nimrah Ehsan , Raana Fatima , Rubina Naseer ,
Sahar Sarshar , Sarah Khan , Sehar Iftikhar , Tahira Bibi.
Abstract
Background: Certain lifestyle patterns are linked to NCDs via intermediate
risk factors and currently the morbidity and mortality ratios due to NCDs are
increasing exponentially.
Methods: We collected data from surveys to access the life style of 100 first
class professionals in Sialkot. We used this data to classify the lifestyle risk
factors to which the study population is exposed.
Results:
Conclusions:
Keywords:
Healthy Life Style, Risk Factors for ncds.
Introduction
on communicable diseases (NCDs),

also known as
chronic diseases, are not passed from
person to person. They are of long duration and generally slow
progression. The 4 main types of non communicable diseases are
cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers,
chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed
pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. All age groups and
all regions are affected by NCDs. NCDs are often associated with
older age groups, but evidence shows that 16 million of all deaths
attributed to non communicable diseases (NCDs) occur before the
age of 70. Of these "premature" deaths, 82% occurred in low- and
middle-income countries. Children, adults and the elderly are all
vulnerable to the risk factors that contribute to non
communicable diseases, whether from unhealthy diets, physical
inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the effects of the
harmful use of alcohol. These diseases are driven by forces that
include ageing, rapid unplanned urbanization, and the
globalization of unhealthy lifestyles. For example, globalization
of unhealthy lifestyles like unhealthy diets may show up in
individuals as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose,
elevated blood lipids, and obesity. These are called 'intermediate
risk factors' which can lead to cardiovascular disease, a NCD. Non
communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year.
Almost three quarters of NCD deaths - 28 million - occur in lowand middle-income countries. Sixteen million NCD deaths occur
before the age of 70; 82% of these "premature" deaths occurred in
low- and middle-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases
account for most NCD deaths, or 17.5 million people annually,
followed by cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million),
and diabetes (1.5 million).
Risk factors:
Modifiable behavioral risk factors:
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the
harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of NCDs.

Tobacco accounts for around 6 million deaths every year
(including from the effects of exposure to second-hand
smoke), and is projected to increase to 8 million by 2030.
About 3.2 million deaths annually can be attributed to
insufficient physical activity.
In 2010, 1.7 million annual deaths from cardiovascular
causes have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake.

Metabolic/physiological risk factors:
These behaviors lead to four key
metabolic/physiological changes that increase the risk of NCDs:
Raised blood pressure
Overweight/obesity
Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels)
Hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).
In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor
globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 18% of global deaths
are attributed) followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood
glucose.
Method
The survey was conducted using the questionnaire

built for the purpose. Performas were filled by interviewing 100
professionals living in Sialkot by all the research participants. The
survey population on the basis of professional category is classified
in figure 1.
Figure 1: Professional category of the respondent
In our cross-sectional form of descriptive studies we defined the

first class
Professional as someone who possess first class education that

officially qualify for Gazetteer / BPS-17 / equivalent post and or job
in Pakistan, or any in higher rank. Specifically include:
Doctors
Engineers
Lecturers
Financial expert
Bank officers
Govt. Gazetteer officer
Inclusion criteria further included respondents only above 24 years.
Excluded were the people in which any NCDS is established (like
DM, CVD, HTN whether taking or not taking treatment). The sample
included both genders. On basis of age group majority of
respondents fall in age group 24-30 i.e. 57%.Other age group
frequencies are as following:
31-40
25%
41-50
14%
51-60
4%
Because this studys focus was on health and wellness associated

with the lifestyle, it is important to note the details regarding range
of ages, marital statuses, professional categories , categories of
employment and number of working days per week of survey
respondents as these variables affect the daily routine (Table 1).
Age group of the respondents
Total
24-30
31-40 41-50
51-60
Gender
Male
30
15
11
60
Female
27
10
40
Marital status
Married
21
23
14
62
Unmarried
36
38
Govt. Job
32
15
11
61
Private Job
17
29
Self Employee 8
10
34
44
Engineers
Lecturers
18
Bank officers
18
Govt. officers 3
10
Employment
Profession
Doctor
Days per week

6/7
50
24
13
91
7/7
age of the respondent
well dressed up
do you take bath daily
24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
yes
55
23
12
no
yes
50
22
13
no
Category of employment
24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
Govt. Job
32
15
10
Private Job
17
Self Employment
what is job style or prof.
Sedentary
29
style
involve physical activity
28
16
15
10
10
11
12
14
16
17
50
23
12
Total hours spent in duty

activities per day
No. of days per week

6/7
7/7
what is job style or prof.
Sedentary
29
style
28
16

24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
yes
39
22
11
no
18
yes
no
49
21
11
do you take snack between
yes
35
15
12
meals
no
22
10
do you take sweets/desserts yes
22
regularly
no
35
16
do you take liberal quantity
yes
41
19
12
of water daily
no
16
do you take tea daily
do you take coffee daily
do you perform some
yes
exercise >30 min brisk

walk/sports or gym activity
24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
19
38
18
34
18
23
no
on almost regular basis

is your professional duty /
job involve enough phusical
activity
yes
no
do you monitor your weight
yes
35
according health services
no
22
17
do you frequently see your

relative /friend or spend time
with them if they visit you
do you frequently attend
24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
yes
49
23
11
43
19
13
14
yes
35
14
no
22
10
yes
50
22
13
no
yes
social gathering
(marriage,deathsetc) in your
no
school circle
do you spend time with your
school chidhood friends
do you spend time with your
family for some recreational
purpose on weekly basis
no
do you use modern social
yes
51
19
11
media
no
yes
44
20
12
no
13
do you read newspaper daily

24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
yes
48
23
12
no
do you involve in some
yes
38
16
10
regligious activitives
no
19
do you take some medicine
yes
for mental peace
no
54
22
12
do you pay prayers

24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
is your presnt and intended
23
family size small [2-3
yes
20
19
childern]
no
14
26
do you practices some

modern family planning
yes
11
10
method
no
20
12

24-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
Count
Count
Count
Count
do you see a qualified health yes

care professional when you
no
fall ill
48
23
13
do you practice self
yes
42
21
medicationin case of inital
11
sickness
no
15
do you avoid injectable
yes
24
33
16
46
18
12
11
31
17
medicine as first choice if
no
offered by the doctor

do you vaccinated against
yes
common disease like hep-B,
no
tyhoid fever
yes
do you seek preventive
frequency tables
healthcare services
no
26
well dressed up
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
95
95.0
95.0
95.0
no
5.0
5.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
appears to be obese
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
29
29.0
29.0
29.0
no
71
71.0
71.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
If the respondent smokes or not

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
13
13.0
13.0
13.0
no
87
87.0
87.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
Gender of the respondent

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male
60
60.0
60.0
60.0
Female
40
40.0
40.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
Marital status of the respondent

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Married
62
62.0
62.0
62.0
Unmarried
38
38.0
38.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
Category of employment
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Govt. Job
61
61.0
61.0
61.0
Private Job
29
29.0
29.0
90.0
Self Employment
10
10.0
10.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
Total hours spent in duty activities per day

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.0
1.0
1.0
23
23.0
23.5
24.5
11
11.0
11.2
35.7
23
23.0
23.5
59.2
13
13.0
13.3
72.4
10
10
10.0
10.2
82.7
11
2.0
2.0
84.7
12
10
10.0
10.2
94.9
14
2.0
2.0
96.9
16
2.0
2.0
99.0
17
1.0
1.0
100.0
98
98.0
100.0
2.0
100
100.0
Total
Missing
System
Total
are meal timmings fixed with some normal expectations

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
68
68.0
68.0
68.0
no
31
31.0
31.0
99.0
22
1.0
1.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take fibrous food enough good quantity diet in your regular diet
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
78
78.0
78.0
78.0
11
1.0
1.0
79.0
no
21
21.0
21.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you frequently(2 or >2times per week ) take fast food like burger pizza
equivalent
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
57
57.0
57.0
57.0
no
42
42.0
42.0
99.0
22
1.0
1.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you frequently (5.>5)fresh vegetables meal in a week

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
70
70.0
70.0
70.0
no
30
30.0
30.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you frequently include fresh fruit or fresh juice in your diet (3-5 times a
week)
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
80
80.0
80.0
80.0
no
20
20.0
20.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
are your regular dishes are fried full of ghee/oil

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.0
1.0
1.0
yes
63
63.0
63.0
64.0
no
36
36.0
36.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you use cooking oil

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
88
88.0
88.0
88.0
no
12
12.0
12.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take milk everyday

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
56
56.0
56.0
56.0
no
44
44.0
44.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you prefer high salt taste

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
31
31.0
31.0
31.0
no
69
69.0
69.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take some multivitamins or food suppliment on regular basis

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
28
28.0
28.0
28.0
no
72
72.0
72.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you have some git problems

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
18
18.0
18.0
18.0
no
82
82.0
82.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you observe standerd dietry restrictions like low saturated fat,low salt
and rich in complex carbohydrates nd high fiber diet
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
3.0
3.0
3.0
yes
38
38.0
38.0
41.0
no
59
59.0
59.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do youprefer and take home made food

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
91
91.0
91.0
91.0
no
9.0
9.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take soft drinks frequently or regularly

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
58
58.0
58.0
58.0
no
42
42.0
42.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take tea daily

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
77
77.0
77.0
77.0
no
23
23.0
23.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take coffee daily

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
14
14.0
14.0
14.0
no
86
86.0
86.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take snack between meals

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
63
63.0
63.0
63.0
no
37
37.0
37.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take sweets/desserts regularly
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
39
39.0
39.0
39.0
no
61
61.0
61.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take liberal quantity of water daily

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
77
77.0
77.0
77.0
no
23
23.0
23.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you perform some exercise >30 min brisk walk/sports or gym activity
on almost regular basis
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
34
34.0
34.0
34.0
no
66
66.0
66.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
is your professional duty / job involve enough phusical activity

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
61
61.0
61.0
61.0
no
39
39.0
39.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you monitor your weight according health services

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
55
55.0
55.0
55.0
no
45
45.0
45.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you frequently see your relative /friend or spend time with them if they
visit you
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
87
87.0
87.0
87.0
no
13
13.0
13.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you frequently attend social gathering (marriage,deathsetc) in your

school circle
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
79
79.0
79.0
79.0
no
21
21.0
21.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you spend time with your school chidhood friends

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.0
1.0
1.0
yes
59
59.0
59.0
60.0
no
40
40.0
40.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you spend time with your family for some recreational purpose on
weekly basis
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
89
89.0
89.0
89.0
no
11
11.0
11.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you use modern social media

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
84
84.0
84.0
84.0
no
16
16.0
16.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you read newspaper daily

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
81
81.0
81.0
81.0
no
19
19.0
19.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you pay prayers

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
88
88.0
88.0
88.0
no
12
12.0
12.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you involve in some regligious activitives

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
67
67.0
67.0
67.0
no
33
33.0
33.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take some medicine for mental peace

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
8.0
8.0
8.0
no
92
92.0
92.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
is your presnt and intended family size small [2-3 childern]

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
26
26.0
26.0
26.0
yes
49
49.0
49.0
75.0
no
25
25.0
25.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you practices some modern family planning method

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
29
29.0
29.0
29.0
yes
26
26.0
26.0
55.0
no
45
45.0
45.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
No. of days per week
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.0
1.0
1.0
6/7
90
90.0
90.0
91.0
7/7
9.0
9.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
what is job style or prof. style

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Sedentary
47
47.0
47.0
47.0
53
53.0
53.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take bath daily

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
90
90.0
90.0
90.0
no
10
10.0
10.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you take every day 6 hours sleep

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
81
81.0
81.0
81.0
no
19
19.0
19.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
dou you take rest for 1 hour durng day time

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
77
77.0
77.0
77.0
no
23
23.0
23.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you have calm sleep

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
87
87.0
87.0
87.0
no
13
13.0
13.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you have to take regularly medicine for calm sleep

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
10
10.0
10.0
10.0
no
90
90.0
90.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you pay prayers

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
88
88.0
88.0
88.0
no
12
12.0
12.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you involve in some regligious activitives

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
67
67.0
67.0
67.0
no
33
33.0
33.0
100.0
Total
100
100.0
100.0
do you take some medicine for mental peace

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
8.0
8.0
8.0
no
92
92.0
92.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
is your presnt and intended family size small [2-3 childern]

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
26
26.0
26.0
26.0
yes
49
49.0
49.0
75.0
no
25
25.0
25.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you practices some modern family planning method

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
29
29.0
29.0
29.0
yes
26
26.0
26.0
55.0
no
45
45.0
45.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you see a qualified health care professional when you fall ill
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
88
88.0
88.0
88.0
no
12
12.0
12.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you practice self medicationin case of inital sickness

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
77
77.0
77.0
77.0
11
1.0
1.0
78.0
no
22
22.0
22.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you avoid injectable medicine as first choice if offered by the doctor

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
44
44.0
44.0
44.0
no
56
56.0
56.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you vaccinated against common disease like hep-B, tyhoid fever

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
79
79.0
79.0
79.0
no
21
21.0
21.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total
do you seek preventive healthcare services

Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes
47
47.0
47.0
47.0
no
53
53.0
53.0
100.0
100
100.0
100.0
Total

Life Style

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Life Style

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Life

Healthy Life Style, Risk Factors for ncds.

on communicable diseases (NCDs),

Tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the

harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of NCDs.

causes have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake.

The survey was conducted using the questionnaire

Figure 1: Professional category of the respondent

In our cross-sectional form of descriptive studies we defined the

Professional as someone who possess first class education that

Because this studys focus was on health and wellness associated

Days per week

age of the respondent

do you take bath daily

age of the respondent

involve physical activity

Total hours spent in duty

No. of days per week

what is job style or prof.

involve physical activity

age of the respondent

do you take snack between

do you take sweets/desserts yes

do you take liberal quantity

do you take tea daily

do you take coffee daily

age of the respondent

do you perform some

exercise >30 min brisk

on almost regular basis

do you monitor your weight

according health services

age of the respondent

do you frequently see your

do you use modern social

do you read newspaper daily

age of the respondent

do you involve in some

do you take some medicine

for mental peace

do you pay prayers

age of the respondent

is your presnt and intended

family size small [2-3

do you practices some

age of the respondent

do you see a qualified health yes

do you practice self

medicationin case of inital

do you avoid injectable

medicine as first choice if

offered by the doctor

common disease like hep-B,

do you seek preventive

If the respondent smokes or not

Gender of the respondent

Marital status of the respondent

Total hours spent in duty activities per day

are meal timmings fixed with some normal expectations

do you frequently (5.>5)fresh vegetables meal in a week

are your regular dishes are fried full of ghee/oil

do you use cooking oil