Tutorial PTT 108

Material and Energy Balance

1. Liquid methanol is pumped from a storage through a 1-in.ID pipe at a rate of 3.00
gal/min. At what rate is the kinetic energy being transported by the methanol in the
pipe. (Answer should be in SI unit).
Answer:
Check conversion unit table (all units should be converted to SI unit):
1 m = 39.37 in.
1 m3 = 264.17 gal
1 min = 60 s
ID = Inner diameter
= 1-in.
Volume flowrate
= 3.00 gal/min

A =r2

Given that, velocity (m/s) = volume flowrate (m3/s) / cross-sectional area (m2)
[

]
[

Given that, mass flowrate (kg/s) = [volume flowrate (m3/s)] x [density (kg/m3)]
First determine the density of methanol: (Confirm the substance that you deal with in
the problem, dont just simply take the density of water!)
Given that from Table B.1, the specific gravity (SG) for methanol is 0.792, thus the
density of methanol is 0.792 g/cm3.

Given that, rate of kinetic energy (J/s) = x [mass flowrate (kg/s)] x [velocity (m/s)]2

= 0.0105 J/s

2. Use the psychrometric chart (given in the Appendix) to estimate (at temperature 30C
and 20% relative humidity (refer Example 8.4-5 as a guideline):
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

The absolute humidity

The wet-temperature
Humid volume
The dew point
Specific enthalpy

Answer: (Refer to the attached chart)

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)

The absolute humidity =0.0053 kg H2O/kg dry air

The wet-temperature = 15.6C
Humid volume = 0.8665 m3/kg dry air
The dew point = 4.4C
Specific enthalpy = (44 0.39) = 43.6 kJ/ kg dry air

3. Superheated steam at 10 bar absolute and 400C is feed to a condenser at a flowrate

of 100 mole/h. The steam is cooled to 150 C at 1 bar. Calculate the heat (Q) that
must be transferred to or from the condenser in kW
Q

Inlet stream = 100 mol/h

Outlet stream = 100 mol/h

Condenser

Water (400C, 10 bar, v)

Water (150C, 1 bar, v)

Using Steam Tables (Table B.7 in Appendix)

Answer:

Be careful with the unit,

it is in kJ/kg not kJ/mol!

At P = 10 bar, T = 400C, = 3264 kJ/kg

At P = 1 bar, T =150C, = 2776 kJ/kg
in (mol/h)
100

Substance
Water (v)
Given that
Thus,

in(kJ/kg)
3264

out (mol/h)
100

out (kJ/kg)
2776

The rate change of the enthalpy:

Solve the energy balance equation (open system): Neglecting kinetic and potential
energy, no shaft work, thus the required heat input:
0

+ Ek +Ep = Q -Ws

Using heat capacity data (Table B.2 in Appendix)

Answer:
H2O
Water (400C, 10 bar, v)
1

Water (150C, 1 bar, v)

Water (400C, 1 bar, v)

H2O = 1 + 2

Refer to your hypothetical process paths for water.

1 : Change in P from 10 bar to 1 bar at constant T. Assuming ideal gas, thus 1

=0 kJ/mol
2: Change in T from 400C to 150C at constant P.
Thus,
2
From Table B.2 use equation Form 1 to determine the Cp:
Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
H2O (v): Cp =33.46 x 10-3 + 0.6880 x 10-5T + 0.7604 x 10 -8T2 + (-3.593 x 10-12)T3
So do integrate,
=

) dT
[ ]

= -8.9695 kJ/mol
Thus,

Solve the energy balance equation (open system): Neglecting kinetic and potential
energy, no shaft work, thus the required heat input:
0

+ Ek +Ep = Q -Ws

Using specific enthalpy data (Table B.8 in Appendix)

Answer:
Assuming ideal gas (H2O):
At T = 400C, = 13.23 kJ/mol

At T =150C, = ?
Do interpolation, since the T = 150C falls between 100C and 200C:
At 100C, = 2.54 kJ/mol
At 200C, = 6.01 kJ/mol
Thus,

in (mol/h)
100

Substance
Water (v)

in(kJ/mol)
13.23

out (mol/h)
100

out (kJ/mol)
4.275

The rate change of the enthalpy:

Solve the energy balance equation (open system): Neglecting kinetic and potential
energy, no shaft work, thus the required heat input:
0

+ Ek +Ep = Q -Ws