CHAPTER

CHAPTER

26

Gradient and Area under

a Graph

1. Gradient of the graph

= rate of change of temperature

8. Distance travelled = area under the graph

1
= 8 7
2

= 28 m

2. Average speed = gradient of the graph

20
=
4

= 5 m s1

9. Distance travelled = area under the graph

1

= (6 + 10) 9
2

= 72 m

Paper 2

3. Rate of change of speed = gradient of the graph

28
=
8

= 3.5 m s2

Paper 2

4. Rate of change of speed = gradient of the graph

12 6
=
04

= 1.5 m s2

1. (a) Average speed

= 400.5
21

= 19.07 m s1
(b) Rate of change of speed in the last 9 s
0 27
=
21 12

= 3 m s2

5. Average speed = gradient of the graph

(10 2) km
=
30 minutes
8 km
=
0.5 hour

= 16 km h1

(c) 1 (u + 27) 5 + (12 5) 27

2

+ 1 (21 12) 27 = 400.5
2
2.5u + 67.5 + 189 + 121.5 = 400.5

2.5u = 400.5 121.5

189 67.5
22.5

u =
2.5
= 9

6. (a) Rate of change of speed in the first 5 s

18 0
=
50

= 3.6 m s2
(b) Rate of change of speed in the last 4 s
0 18
=
95

= 4.5 m s2

2. (a) Length of time that the particle moves with

uniform speed

= 17 5

= 12 seconds

7. Distance travelled = area under the graph

=86

= 48 m

(b) Rate of change of speed in the last 15 s

30 0
=
17 32

= 2 m s2

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 26

5. (a) The uniform speed of the particle

= 8 m s1

1
(u + 30)(5) + (17 5) 30 = 470
2
1

(5u + 150) + 360 = 470
2
1

(5u + 150) = 470 360
2

5u + 150 = 2 110

5u = 220 150
70

u =
5
= 14
(c)

(b) Rate of change of speed in the first 3 s

82
=
30

= 2 m s2
1
1
(2 + 8)(3) + 8(5 3) + (8 + 20)(t 5) = 143
2
2

15 + 16 + 14(t 5) = 143

31 + 14t 70 = 143

14t = 143 + 70 31
182

t =
14
= 13
(c)

3. (a) Duration of time

= 105 80

= 25 minutes

6. (a) Length of time during which X moves with

uniform speed

= 12 s

(b) The speed of the van in the first 80 minutes

(180 60) km
=
80
h
60

(b) Rate of change of speed of Y

= Gradient of line DE
30 0
=
12 0

= 2.5 m s2

120 km
=
4
h
3

= 90 km h1

(c) Distance travelled by X = Distance travelled by Y

1
1
(12 + 18) v =
12 30

2
2

15v = 180
180

v =
15
= 12

(c) The distance travelled in the last 45 minutes

= 60 0

= 60 km
4. (a) The uniform speed of A

= 24 m s1

7. (a) The uniform speed of the particle = 20 m s1

(b) Rate of change of speed of A

= Gradient of line RS
24 0
=
10 0

= 2.4 m s2
(c)

(b) (i)

(t 6) 20 = 300
300
(t 6) =
20
t 6 = 15

t = 15 + 6
= 21

3 12 (8 + 18) 244 3 12 (u + 24) 184 = 6

(ii) Total distance travelled

1

(20 + 31) 6 + 300 +

=
2
1

(28 21) 20

2

= 153 + 300 + 70

= 523 m

312 9u 216 = 6
96 6 = 9u
90 = 9u
90

u =
9
= 10

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Average speed
523
=
28

= 18.68 m s1

Mathematics SPM Chapter 26

v4
2v v
5. (a) =
20
73
v4
v
=

4
2
4(v 4) = 2v
4v 16 = 2v
4v 2v = 16
2v = 16
v = 8

Paper 2
1. (a) Rate of change of speed in the first 6 s
10 0
=
60
5
= m s2
3

(b) Distance travelled in the first 3 s

1
= (4 8) 2 + (3 2) 8
2

= 12 + 8

= 20 m

(b) Total distance travelled = area under the graph

1

= (16 + 10) 10
2

= 130 m
1
2. (a) 10 V = 80
2

5V = 80
80

V =
5
= 16

6. (a) Average speed of particle A

128 24
=
16 0
104
=
16

= 6.5 m s1

(b) Distance travelled at constant speed

= (20 10) 16

= 160 m

(b) Distance travelled by particle A

= 128 24

= 104 m

1
3. (a) (T + 8) 12 = 132
2

6(T + 8) = 132
132

T + 8 =
6

T = 22 8
= 14

Distance travelled by particle B

1
= (16 + 9) 5
2

= 62.5 m

(b) Average speed

total distance
=
total time
132
=
14

= 9.429 m s1

Hence, the difference in distance between A and

B
= 104 62.5
= 41.5 m

7. (a) Length of time that the particle moves with

constant speed

= 65 20

= 45 s
(b) Rate of change of speed in the first 20 s
15 9
=
0 20

= 0.3 m s2

4. (a) Rate of change of speed in the first t s = 2

80
Hence, = 2
t0
8

= 2

t
8

t =
2
= 4

(c) Distance travelled in the last 70 s

1

= (65 20) 9 + (9 + 15)(90 65)
2

= 405 + 300

= 705 m

(b) Distance travelled in the last 8 s

1
= (8 + 12) (14 6)
2
1

= (20)(8)
2

= 80 m
3

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 Mathematics SPM Chapter 26

11. (a) Rate of change of speed from 6th second to 8th

second
28 10
=
86
18
=
2

= 9 m s2

8. (a) Rate of change of speed in the first 3 s

10 5
=
30
5
= m s2
3

(b) The uniform speed of the particle is 16 m s1.

1
1
(c) (5 + 10)(3) + (10 + 16)(T 3) = 100.5
2
2

22.5 + 13(T 3) = 100.5

22.5 + 13T 39 = 100.5

13T = 100.5 + 39 22.5
117

T =
13
= 9

(b) Distance travelled in the last 5 s

1

= (6 3) 10 + (10 + 28)(8 6)
2

= 30 + 38

= 68 m
(c) Total distance travelled
1
= (10 + 18)(3) + 68
2

= 42 + 68

= 110 m

9. (a) Period that particle A moves with constant speed

= 70 30

= 40 s

Average speed
total distance
=
total time
110
=
8

= 13.75 m s1

(b) Rate of change of speed of particle A in the first

30 s
60
=
30 0

= 0.2 m s2
(c) Distance travelled by particle A
1
= (90 + 40) 6
2

= 390 m

12. (a) Average speed for the first 8 s

1

(8)(24)
2
=
80
96
=
8

= 12 m s1

Distance travelled by particle B

= 4 90
= 360 m

Difference in distance between the two particles

= 390 360
= 30 m

(t)(24) = 156
2

12t = 156
156

t =
12
= 13
(b) (i)

10. (a) Length of time that the particle moves with

constant speed

= 14 4

= 10 s

24
24
(ii) = 2
8
t8
1
1
=

4
t8
t 8 = 4
t = 4 + 8
= 12

(b) Rate of change of speed in the first 4 s

16 0
=
40

= 4 m s2

1
(c) (T + 10) 16 = 248
2

8(T + 10) = 248

8T + 80 = 248

8T = 248 80
168

T =
8
= 21

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Mathematics SPM Chapter 26

13. (a) Rate of change of speed in the last 6 s

50 20
=
12 6
30
=
6

= 5 m s2

Speed from 1110 to 1230

(28 12) km
=
1 hour 20 minutes
16 km
=
1
1 hours
3

= 12 km h1

(b) Total distance travelled

1
1
= (6 + 4)(20) + (20 + 50)(12 6)
2
2

= 100 + 210

= 310 m

Speed (km h1)

28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
1000 1045

(c) Average speed

310
=
12

= 25.83 m s1

14. (a) Length of time that the particle moves with

constant speed

= 14 4

= 10 s

1110
Time

1230

16. (a) Distance between B and D

= 18 6

= 12 km

(b) (i)

Total distance travelled = 12v + 8

1
(18 + 10) v = 12v + 8
2

14v = 12v + 8

14v 12v = 8

2v = 8

v = 4

(b) (i)

Speed of the car from B to D

12 km
=
(50 20) minutes

12 km
=
30
hour
60


= 24 km h1

(ii) Average speed

12v + 8
=
18
12(4) + 8
=
18

= 3.111 m s1

(ii) Average speed

18 km
=
50 minutes
18 km
=
50
hour
60

15. (a) Length of time that the cyclist is at rest

= from 1045 to 1110

= 25 minutes

= 21.6 km h1

(b) Average speed

2.8 km
=
2.5 hours

= 11.2 km h1
(c) Speed from 1000 to 1045
12 km
=
3

h
4

= 16 km h1

Speed from 1045 to 1100

=0

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