Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
October 2015
Table of Contents
Paying attention to omega-3s for ADHD
With more and more people being diagnosed with ADHD, theres a continuing hunt for
helpful treatments. Researchers tested an omega-3 supplement on young males, and
also explored a potential dopamine-related mechanism.
Throwdown: plant vs
animal protein for
metabolic syndrome
Introduction
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that
greatly increases the risk of dying from any cause (1.5fold) and especially cardiovascular disease (CVD)
specific causes (2.4-fold). This condition is diagnosed
as either having or being on medications to treat at least
three of the five following criteria:
Abdominal obesity (waist circumference greater
than 40 inches (men) or 35 inches (women)),
Elevated fasting blood glucose (more than 110 mg/
dL),
Elevated fasting triglycerides (more than 150 mg/
dL),
Low HDL-c (less than 40 (men) or 50 (women)
mg/dL), and
than 85 mmHg).
ic syndrome criteria.
in ERD Issue #6 (April, 2015), some dietary approaches may benefit people with metabolic syndrome more
than other approaches.
One currently accepted dietary pattern to reduce
CVD risk factors is the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is high in vegetables,
fruit, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish,
and nuts. The diet is low in sweets, sugar-sweetened
beverages, and red meats. The DASH diet is designed
to be low in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol, and
rich in fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
WM, and WL phases, but only one meal per day was
consumed under the supervision of research personnel.
participant.
2. A five-week weight maintenance (WM) phase following one of three experimental diets.
3. A six-week weight loss (WL) phase consuming
4. A 12-week free living (FL) phase where participants were asked to continue their assigned
hypocaloric diets and physical activity, but without the provision of food and drinks. To prepare
These diets were matched for total fat (as seen in Figure
Table 1: Examples of the four study diets: Menus for the test diets
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
HAD
Pancakes with butter
and light syrup
Peaches, canned
in juice
Cottage cheese (1%)
Apple Juice
M-DASH
Pancakes with butter
and light syrup
Blueberries
Skim Milk
Orange Juice
Spinach/baby greens
salad with cherry
Turkey, provolone
tomatoes, mandarin,
cheese, and lettuce
oranges, grilled chicken
sandwich on white
breast, and dressing
bread with mayonnaise
Edamame beans
Granola bar
Whole-wheat dinner
roll with butter
Pistachios
Szechuan stir-fry entr Ratatouille (eggplant/
with pork and white rice
peppers) with pasta
White dinner roll
Spinach salad
with butter
with carrots, cherry
Romaine lettuce
tomatoes, red bell
salad with carrots
pepper, chickpeas,
and italian dressing
and dressing
Light yogurt
High-fiber cereal
Almonds
BOLD
Bran flakes with
raisins and skim milk
Whole-wheat minibagel and margarine
Orange Juice
Banana
Barbeque beef
sandwich on wholewheat bun
Spinach salad with
cherry tomatoes
and dressing
Thin pretzels
Pear
BOLD+
Bran Flakes with
raisins and skim milk
Cottage cheese (1%)
Orange Juice
Note: ranges are based on average changes across all the diets.
None of the diets effects were statistically different from one another.
healthy diet.
compared to a diet supplying mainly plant-based prointervention trials (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) showing no differ-
composition.
calcium intake.
poultry. This change was based on observational evidence suggesting a link between red meat and CVD.
Observational evidence is important for noticing potential links between diet and health, but it
serves only as a starting point that requires further
and more rigorous testing. It is not uncommon for
dietary recommendations to incorporate observational evidence that is later shown to be incorrect
Ultimately, any diet that results in fat loss will help with
metabolic syndrome. However, some dietary patterns
may better facilitate the necessary caloric deficit. For
instance, a paleolithic diet excluding cereal grains, dairy,
and legumes in favor of lean meats, fruit, fibrous and
starchy vegetables, and nuts has been shown to result
in more favorable health outcomes than a healthy reference diet, as discussed in ERD Issue #6 (April, 2015).
The paleo diet referenced above is unique in that it promotes the consumption of lean unprocessed meats. This
is in contrast to observational evidence that suggests
protective dietary patterns are low in red and processed
meats, providing yet more evidence that the exclusion
of lean red meat is not what makes these other dietary
patterns beneficial.
Ultimately,
any diet that
results in fat
loss will help
with metabolic
syndrome.
However,
some dietary
patterns may
better facilitate
the necessary
caloric deficit.
but there are also many types of lean red meat such as
bison and beef steak cut from the round of the cow. Red
differences.
thenic acid.