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1. Determine client's risk for skin breakdown using a risk assessment tool (e.g.
Knoll Assessment Tool, Braden Scale, Gosnell Scale).
2. Inspect the skin, especially bony prominences and dependent areas, for
pallor, redness, and breakdown.
3. Implement measures to prevent tissue breakdown:
A. assist client to turn at least every 2 hours unless contraindicated
B. position client properly; use pressure-reducing or pressure-relieving
devices (e.g. pillows, gel or foam cushions, alternating pressure
mattress, air-fluidized bed, kinetic bed) if indicated
C. gently massage around reddened areas at least every 2 hours
D. apply a thin layer of a dry lubricant such as powder or cornstarch to
bottom sheet or skin and to opposing skin surfaces (e.g. axillae,
beneath breasts) if indicated to reduce friction
E. lift and move client carefully using a turn sheet and adequate
assistance
F. perform actions to keep client from sliding down in bed (e.g. gatch
knees slightly when head of bed is elevated 30 or higher) in order to
reduce the risk of skin surface abrasion and shearing
G. instruct or assist client to shift weight at least every 30 minutes
H. keep client's skin clean
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