Trichomonas vaginalis

This protozoan parsitizes in the vagina, urethra, prostate and causes

trichomonas vaginitis, urethritis and prostatitis. Trichomoniasis vaginalis is
prevalent all over the world.

I. Morphology
Only the trophozoite stage is found in its life cycle. The trophozoite is ovoid
or pear-shaped, 10~305~15m in size. It has 4 anterior flagella and one
posterior flagellum which turns back and is attached to the to the body by an
undulating membrane. The undulating membrane of T. vaginalis is very
short, only one-half of its body length. There is nucleus and the axostyle
project posteriorly out of the body. The motility is jerky and non-directional.

II. life cycle

Direct or indirect contact
Trophozoitr

Trophozoite
Sexual life, swimming pool, swimsuit, commode

III. Digagnosis
The specimen should be obtained from vaginal discharge, prostatic fluid or
urine. Normal saline direct smear may be used for examination of the
treophozoites. The typical robust trichomanda can be seen because of their
characteristic jerky motion moving among the epithelial cells.

IV. Requirements
1.Study the morphological
Trichomonas vaginalis

characters

of

trophozoite

2.Realize the life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis

3.Master the methods of the diagnosis.

V. Individual observation
Trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis

of

VI. work
Draw a trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis

Giardia lamblia
It lives in the bile passage and small intestine and cause diarrhea and
cholecystitis.

I. Morphology
1. Trophozoite
Looks like a gourd ladle. Some said that it looks like an old professor
wearing glasses or a monkey face. It measures 9~215~152~4m. It is
dorsally convex and ventrally flat. A sucker is located in the anterior part of
the body with 2 distinct nuclei. This parasite attaches closely the mucosa of
bile passage and small intestine. It has four pairs of flagella, anterior, middle,
ventral and terminal in position. Two axostyles pass through the body and
give rigidity to the parasite. A pair of midian bodies in the mid part of the
body. Its motile depend on flagella.

2. Cyst: is oval in shape, about 8~147~10m. The cyst wall is thick.

Immature cyst has two nuclei and mature cyst has 4 nuclei with axostyles
and original flagella.

II. life cycle

1. Infective stage: cyst with 4 nuclei; 2. infective route: by mouth; 3.

site of inhabitation: upper part of small intestine and bile passage; 4. 0.9
billion cysts are discharged in formed feces/man/48hrs; trophozoites are
discharged in unformed feces.

III. Digagnosis
1. Iodine stain for finding cysts in formed feces
2. Normal saline direct fecal smear for detecting trophozoites in diarrhea
feces
3. Duodenal aspiration (drainage) may be used for diagnosis of giardiasis
and differential diagnosis from other biliary diseases, such as chronic
bacterial cholecystitis.
IV. Requirements
1.Study the morphological characters of trophozoite and cyst
of Giardia lamblia
2.Realize the life cycle of Giardia lamblia
3.Master the methods of the diagnosis.

V. Individual observation
Trophozoite and cyst of Giardia lamblia

VII. work
Draw a trophozoite and a cyst of Giardia lamblia