Job Hazard Analysis

is a method of identifying hazards and

developing ways to manage them.

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AIM
AIM

For each participant to be able to effectively develop a

JHA using the three methods of doing JHAs.

OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course you will be able to:

Recognise a hazard and a threat.

Describe the purpose of JHAs in relation to the

Bow Tie.

List the three methods of JHAs.

Develop a valid JHA in a group setting.

Define the direct relationship between 5X5 and JHAs.

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MANAGING

HAZARDS
Safety Case, HAZOP,
Safety Register
Major Facilities/Sites

Job Hazard Analysis,

Procedures

Stepback 5 x5 for
hazard management

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Workgroup Non-Routine Activity

Routine Activity by
Individuals and Workgroups

WORKSAFE - HOMESAFE

HAZARDS, HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS

AND HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES
H a z a rd s

H a z a rd o u s
C o n d it io n s

H a z a r d o u s A c t iv itie s

H y d r o c a r b o n liq u id s /
gases

E x tre m e
te m p e r a t u r e s

V ib r a t io n

M a n u a l h a n d lin g

F la m m a b le m a t e r ia ls

O p e n f la m e

L ig h tin g

U s e o f m a c h in e r y

E x p lo s iv e s

E le c t r ic it y

E x t r e m e a m b ie n t
te m p e ra tu re s

D r iv in g

M a t e r ia l u n d e r
p re s s u re

E le c t r o m a g n e t ic
r a d ia tio n

T e m p o r a r y f a c ilit ie s

C lim b in g /w o r k in g a t
h e ig h ts

D if fe r e n c e s in
e le v a t io n

R a d io a c t iv e s

N o n - b r e a t h a b le
c o n d itio n s

C o n f in e d s p a c e s

O b je c t s u n d e r s tr e s s

N o is e

S t a c k in g

M o v in g e q u ip m e n t /
v e h ic le s

T o x ic s u b s ta n c e s /
c h e m ic a ls

E x c a v a tio n w o r k

P s y c h o lo g ic a l

B io lo g ic a l
C o n d it io n s

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THE

HAZARD

BOW TIE
H
A
Z
A
R
D

T
H
R
E
A
T
S

EVENT
THREAT
BARRIERS

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ESCALATION
BARRIERS

C
O
N
S
E
Q
U
E
N
C
E

JOB

SELECTION
Hazard Potential
Accidental History
Newly Established Jobs

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JHAs
AND

STEPBACK 5x5
When Should They Be Applied?
Is there an existing procedure, JHA or work practice which
identifies and controls the hazards in the proposed activity?

No

No need for a
formal JHA

Yes

Does the activity involve

appreciable risk? *

Review procedure/JHA/work
practice involving those who
are doing the job.

Yes
Undertake a JHA involving
those who are doing the job.

APPLY STEPBACK 5 X 5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

DO THE JOB
Review and improve the procedure/JHA/work practice after
completing the job.

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WAYS OF DOING

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

BY DIRECT OBSERVATION

BY GROUP DISCUSSION

BY RECALL AND CHECK

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DIRECT OBSERVATION

METHOD

Supervisor watches

Discusses
job steps
hazards
solutions
with employee doing the job

Used for repetitive and frequently carried out jobs.

e.g. Helicopter landing and departure
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GROUP DISCUSSION

METHOD

A team of people
familiar with all aspects of the job to be done
identify steps, hazards and solutions.

Used in pre-planning the safe execution of larger jobs.

e.g. Remove, clean and replace heat exchanger
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RECALL AND CHECK

METHOD

Supervisor prepares a preliminary

version based on his/her knowledge of the
job.
Checks this by discussing with
employee and observing parts of the job
where there may be doubts.

Used for jobs where operator cannot be distracted or for urgent

jobs that leave no time to arrange other methods of JHA.

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JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

TEAM
SELECTION
for group discussion method
Job Supervisor
Worker Representative(s)
Asset Owner (production equipment) or Area Manager
(project work)
Safety, Industrial Hygienist or Environmental Adviser (for
large jobs or Health Risk Assessment)
Cross work-group representation (particularly when directly
affected by job)

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NOTE:
It is important to include personnel with most knowledge
of each aspect of the job.

HOW

HOW TO DO A JHA
1. Identify the job to be analysed.
2. Review the Hazard Register or existing JHAs.
3. Break the job down into steps.
4. Identify the hazards and threats associated with each step and who or what
might be harmed.
5. Assess the potential of each hazard.
6. Develop solutions to eliminate or control the potential hazards.
7. Have you considered the effect of CHANGE in all the above?
8. Record the JHA.
9. Review the job on completion and update the JHA as necessary.
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STEPS

BREAKING JOB DOWN INTO STEPS

LOGICAL ORDER
NOT TOO DETAILED
NOT TOO BROAD
Some jobs may only have two or three steps
Some may have more than a dozen

NOTE:
You can either - list all the job steps and then deal with one at a time
or
List the job steps and deal with them one at a time

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STEPS

BREAKING JOB DOWN INTO STEPS

changing a tyre on a car

JOB STEPS TOO DETAILED

Unnecessary large number of job steps

JOB STEPS TOO BROAD

Job steps too general and omit activities
that could contain potential accidents

STEP 1 Park the car

STEP 1 Remove wheel

STEP 2 Get out of the car

STEP 2 Put on spare

STEP 3 Walk to the boot

STEP 4 Open the boot
STEP 5 Clear away the spare, tools
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STEPS

BREAKING JOB DOWN INTO STEPS

changing a tyre on a car
STEP 1

Position car and set brakes,

block wheels

STEP 6

Run wheel nuts up to firm

state

STEP 2

Remove spare tyre and

position it handy to flat tyre

STEP 7

Jack down car

STEP 3

Check and position car jack

STEP 8

Cross-tighten wheel nuts

and replace hub cap

STEP 4

Remove hub cap and crack

nuts. Jack up car

STEP 9

Store jack and wheel

STEP 5

Remove wheel and re-place

with spare

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REVIEW
health

REVIEW JOB STEP FOR HAZARDS

Can you be exposed to hazardous environmental

conditions such as noise, heat, fumes, radiation, lack

of oxygen etc?
Can you be exposed to hazardous levels of vibration?
Can you be exposed to hazardous chemicals or

bacteria?
Are excessive or irregular hours required

to do the job?
Could poor ergonomics, such as cramped

conditions, lead to long term ill effects?

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REVIEW
environment

REVIEW JOB STEP FOR HAZARDS

Can pollution occur?

Will hazardous wastes be generated?
Will chemicals be discharged?
Will domestic and/or industrial waste

be generated?
Will natural habitats be disturbed?
Could aboriginal sites be disturbed?
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REVIEW
safety

REVIEW JOB STEP FOR HAZARDS

Can

you strike against or make injurious contact with anything?

Can

you be caught in, on or between anything?

Can

you strain or overexert?

Can

you slip or trip on anything? Can you fall

in anyway?

Can
Can

you injure a fellow employee?

damage to equipment occur?

Can

you contact electricity, flammable,

explosives etc?

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DANGER
DO NOT
OPERATE
THIS DANGER TAG
MUST NOT BE REMOVED
EXCEPT BY THE PERSON
WHOSE NAME APPEARS BELOW

Contractor:............................................
Name:...........................Identity No.......
Electrical Access Work Permit No........
Date:.....................................................

ROLES
JHA
RESPONSIBILITIES
Participants?
Session Leaders?
Supervisors?
Managers?

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JHA

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Task Name:
Step
No.

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Team Composition:
Description of Task Step

Hazard Potential
Incident

Who or What Might be

Harmed

Date:
Control Measures/Recovery Measures

Action/
Responsible
Party

OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES

A new procedure entirely

A revised procedure
Changed conditions
Changed activities
A safer job
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SCOPE OF WORK:
changing a lightbulb

Relevant information:
Site is in a home - there are two young children and a dog

playing
Tiled floor
Light is 3m above the floor with a double switch
Globe with a bayonet fitting (not fluoro) and a screw-shade

requiring removal
Step ladder (in good condition) is available
Daytime with sufficient natural light

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WHAT

WHAT TO DO WITH A JHA

Once completed:
Use it to create or update work procedures
Ensure workers are familiar with the content and apply it to

the job
Attach a copy of the JHA to the work permit (if applicable)
Workgroups should create a JHA FILE for work in their

area and keep the original

Review and Update the JHA on completion of the task

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CUSTOMISED JHA

SYNDICATES
IN

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BENEFITS
benefits

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

Simple

Can be filed for future use

Health, Safety &

Accident prevention responsibilities

Environmental awareness is
developed in all those involved
 Supervisors
 Workers
 Managers

Allows input from key players

Increased knowledge about

job

Provides written procedures

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addressed

Provides training material

Saves time - correct equipment

identified and available

Enhances communication
Reduces the probability of an

unwanted event

STEPBACK 5x5
Managing the hazards in your workplace

5
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WHAT

WHAT IS STEPBACK 5 x 5 ?
Stepback 5x5 is a process that encourages workers to identify hazards

associated with ALL tasks before starting a job. It helps to promote a hazard
management culture through continual self evaluation.
It is based on the principle of ENGAGING THE MIND BEFORE THE HANDS

by:

Stepping back 5 paces from the job

Investing 5 minutes (nominal) to step through the job in your mind and
identify plans to control hazards before starting the job
Stepback 5x5 is an informal personal planning process. It is essentially a
mental JHA applied before starting ALL jobs.

The process encourages sharing of information and experiences with others.

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HOW

HOW IS STEPBACK 5x5 DONE?

Before the job:

Stop and think

Observe the work area and surroundings

Step through your mind what you are going to do

Think about what else is happening in the area or

nearby

Identify what else could go wrong

Satisfy yourself that the hazards are controlled before

starting the work

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HOW

HOW IS STEPBACK 5x5 DONE?

After the job:

Observe the work area

Take action to control any hazards that may have

been created by the work

Reflect on how well the job went and the mental

planning process you used

Did you feel safe doing the job

Were others around you working safely

Can any improvements be made next time?

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JHAs
AND

STEPBACK 5x5
Recognise a hazard and a threat.
Describe the purpose of JHAs in relation to
the BOW TIE.
List the three methods of JHAs.
Develop a valid JHA in a group setting.
Define the direct relationship between 5x5
and JHAs.
Schlumberger