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The Liquid Limit (LL) - This is the minimum water content at which
the soil will flow under a small disturbing force
The Plastic Limit (PL) - This is the minimum water content at which
the soil will deform plastically
The Shrinkage Limit (SL) - This is the moisture content the soil
would have had if it were fully saturated at the point at which no
further shrinkage occurs on drying.
brittlesolid
Shrinkage
limit
ogie 2011
semisolid
Plastic
limit
plastic
Liquid
limit
liquid
water content
ogie 2011
Shrinkage
limit
ogie 2011
Plastic
limit
plastic
PI
Liquid
limit
water content
LL PL
ogie 2011
LI
w PL
LL PL
LiquidityIndex LI
ogie 2011
40
60
20
20
Low
plasticity
30
Liquid Limit
50
Clays
Silts
)
ne -20
i
L L
A- 3(L
.7
0
=
PI
High
plasticity
Intermediate plasticity
Classifying Fines
Plasticity
Index
100
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
10
48
30
40
60
(mm)
50
70
80
90
100
PENETRATION OF CONE
20
Example
In a liquid limit test using Fall cone
apparatus, the following readings were
recorded.
Sample Water content Penetration of
cone
1
40%
12 mm
2
45
16
3
50
21
4
58
35
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
10
43
20
30
40
NUMBER OF BLOWS
25
50
60
70
80
90
100
Example
In a liquid limit test using cup
apparatus, the foll. data were taken:
Sample Water content
No. of
Blows
A
41.8%
39
B
43.5
23
C
44.3
20
D
45.5
13
d) 21.6
d) 32.2%
ogie 2011
c) 14.7
27.0
28
c) 31.8%
33.1
20
36.5
Moisture content %
16
No of blows N
Example. Following are the results from the liquid limit test for soil
sample. Plastic limit = 12.2%
ogie 2011
28.5
27
33.1
36.5
16
20
28
16
36.5
33.1
27.0
25
28
28.5 12.2
= 0.877
LI =
26.5 12.2
= 16.3
PI = 28.5 12.2
ogie 2011
28.5 12.2
= 0.877
LI =
26.5 12.2
ogie 2011
ogie 2011
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