ANSWER

1) (a)(i) 7.7 -3.3 = 4.4 cm

(ii) - the object to be measured must be touching the meter rule.
- avoid parallax error when reading the metre rule.
(b)
Physical Quantity Measurement
Earth-Sun distance 1.5 x 108 km
Thickness of a CD-ROM 0.80 mm
Height of Mt Kinabalu 4100 m
Radius of the Earth 6400 km
Height of an average boy 70 cm

2) (a)

(b) weight = mg =(20)(10) = 200 N

(c) The resultant force acting on a system is zero.
(d)

(e)
W
sin 30° =
TOB
200
0.5 =
TOB
TOB = 400 N

pressure = 20 /(5 x 10-4)

3) (a)(i)
= 40 kPa.
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(ii) weight of load , W = 20 x (50/5)

= 200 N.
(iii) distance moved = (5 x 4)/50
= 0.4 cm
(b)Pascal’s principle.
(c) The pistons are frictionless.

4) (a) C
(b) (i) The distance of separation between the molecules of gas is greater than in liquid.
The force of attractions between molecules is negligible as compared to liquid. Hence
making gases easier to compress.
(ii) Latent heat is required to weaken the bond between the molecules in the solid to
enable the molecules to move further apart to form liquid.
(c) the quantity of heat that is required to be absorbed by a substance to change 1 kg of
the substance in liquid form at its boiling point into its gaseous state.
(d ) H = m l
170000 = (0.5) l
l = 240000 J kg-1

5) (a)(i) No
(ii) Rays of light travel from the object to the air is refracted away from the normal.
The rays of light then enter the eyes of the sailor apparently nearer to the surface of the
water.
(b)
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real depth
(c) n=
apparent depth

real depth
1.35=
4

Real depth of object = 5.4 m

Real depth of the sea = 5.4 + 0.5

= 5.9 m

6) (a) Reflection of sound

(b) (i) Sound with high frequency have high energy and penetrate further into the sea
water with little loss of energy.
(ii)v = f λ
1500 = 6.0 x 10 5
1500
λ = = 0.025 m
6.0 x10 5
(iii)Let d = distance shoal of fish from trawler
t = 0.2 s , v = 1500 ms −1
vt 1500x0.2
d= =
2 2
= 150 m
( c ) To measure the depth of the sea-bed.

7) (a) I = P/V = 2500/240 = 10.4 A

(b) (i) 1.20 mm
(ii) As resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area, a thinner wire will have
a higher resistance thus the wire will become very hot. This could probably cause a fire to
break out.
(c)Do not operate the kettle with wet hands.
(d)Short circuit might occur if the insulating materials of the wires in the cable are
damaged.

8) (a) The iron core becomes magnetized.

(b) (i) An electric current is induced in the coil RS
(ii) deflects momentarily.
(c) Np Vp
=
Ns Vs
240
=
30
= 8 :1
 ANSWER

d) i) Heat is loss in the coils.

ii) Magnetic flux leakage occurs.

Section B
9) (a) pressure is the force acting perpendicularly per unit surface area.
(b) (i) Air bubble displaces water and balloon displaces air. Buoyant force acts on the air
bubble, buoyant force also acts on the balloon. Both air bubble and balloon rises
vertically upwards.
(ii) When an object displaces fluid, a buoyant force acts on the object.
(iii) Archimedes’ Principle.
(c) A hot air balloon uses a gas bag, with an opening at the bottom called the mouth.
Attached to the envelope is a basket carrying the passengers. Mounted above the basket a
"burner" for heating the air in the gas bag. The hot gas bag displaces the surrounding air
thus creating an upward buoyant force on it. If the buoyant force is greater than the total
weight of the hot-air balloon, then the hot-air balloon is able to ascend into the air.
(d)(i) mass of sea water displaced = 1200 x 1000
= 1.2 x 106 kg
volume = mass/density = (1.2 x 106)/ 1030
= 1165 m3
(ii) volume = (1.2 x106) / 1000
= 1200 m3

10) (a)The process of converting alternating current into direct current.

(b) The diode in Figure 1 is connected in series to the resistor R. The diodes in Figure 2
are connected in a quadrangle with two junctions connected to the power supply and the
other two junctions across the resistor R.
Both input are alternating current voltages and the outputs are direct currents.
Diode in Fig.1 is used as a half-wave rectifier while in Fig.2 the diodes are used as a full-
wave rectifier.
(c) Current flows from X → P → S → A → B → Q → R → Y
(d) Capacitor
(e)

Section C
11) (a) (i) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons
but different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
(ii)
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(b) Solubility in water - must be soluble - so that it can dissolve in water

half-life - short - so that it doesn't last long to cause any harm to the consumers
type of radiation - β-particles - so that it can be detected by the G=M tube.
Penetrating power - moderate - so that the radiation can penetrate the ground
Choice - V because it is soluble in water, have a short half-life, emits β-particles and have
a moderate penetrating power.
(c)(i) Average activity = (880+960+940+980+820) / 5 = 916
(ii) 916 
5hrs
→ 458 
5hrs
→ 229
Answer : 229

12) (a) Pascal’s principle states that the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is
transmitted evenly throughout the fluid.
(b)When the brake pedal is pressed, pressure exerted in the master cylinder is transmitted
via the hydraulic fluid to the wheel cylinder thus forcing the brake shoe to function to
slow down the car. When the pressure on the foot pedal is released, the spring forces the
piston back into the wheel cylinder, thereby terminating the contact between the brake
shoe and the wheel.
(c ) (i) rate of wear and tear – low – so that the brake shoe can last longer. Melting point
– high – so that the brake shoe doesn’t soften when in use. Coefficient of friction – high –
so that the braking is effective. Specific heat capacity – low – so that the temperature of
the brake show will not increase dramatically.
(ii) Material Q because its rate of wear and tear is low, its melting point is high, its
coefficient of friction is high and it have a high specific heat capacity.