How To Build Modern Furniture

HOW TO BUILD MODERN FURNITURE
HOW TO BUILD
Mario Dal Fabbro
MODERN FURNITURE
JOHN MURRAY
FIFTY ALBEMARLE STREET LONDON WI
Reprinted 1961
.(L't\.O
\010
e' " N~""t! Ji sF- f!
F.
W. Dodge Corporaiion 1957
Published in Great Britain 1959

by John Murray (Publishers) Ltd.
all(/ reprinted by Lithography by Jarrold and Sons Ltd, Norwich
SECTION 1,
General
Instructio~
General
General notes about wood
Wood changes
,......Seasoning of timber.
, Selecting and buying wood
Cutting and assembling the parts
Wood finish
4
4
5
5
6
Woodworking
Marking the materials
Basic woodworking operations
Sawing
Surfacing
Shaping
Joinery
Gluing wood
Methods of joining boards
8
9
9
11
12
14
17
18
Basic joints
Basic joints
Scarf joints
Rail joints
Middle rail joints
Rail-to-frame joints
Panel-td-frame joints
Frame joints
Middle frame joints
. Back panel joints
Knock-down joints
Joining rails to legs
Joining legs to furniture
Knock-down legs
Joining legs to upholstered furniture
Joining metal legs to wood top
Metal leg end fittings
Wood leg end fittings
19
21
22
25
27
Plywood hollow-frame
Veneer
Gra;]"direction in curved pieces
Covering edges and p

Edge treatment
Fastening fabric to board
Metal borders
Plastic borders
Application of fabric to doors
29
Door stops
Door hinges
Table hinges
Special hinges
Pivot hinges
37
39
40
I
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
55
56
58
61
62
-- _. - . ,=,C I J f'~
;' ,C~ r'- - - , /.
Drop doors
I
Go ~
.';\ ~'.
Special
doors
:: (
0::
.... \ I 68
.
~.
~
Sl~ding doors
~ (
,}:.._<{" .... .:) ~
Door catches
\ ~. (
11
Door bolts and locks) \.
'- .;
: )
Door locks
~G"
.._J 0:;'
; ; .J<J~
\..1.'J--\
puns
y.
5
.../
~'
'<."
a::.";;; / . . )
$1.
-< ..._ --:::
/1 ()~ .,.'.........:;
Shelve
----~
77
Adjustable shelves
Drawers
33
34
35
54
Doors
28
Plywood and curves

Plywood, blockboard! and laminated
wood
Constructing curves
Special uses of plywood
Drawers
Special drawers
Drawer slides
79
82
85
Materials other than wood

Joining wood and glass
Joining metal and wood
Joining marble and wood
Joining rubber and wood
Common metal joints
Joining plate glass to metal
Joining rubber to metal
Bonding surfacing material to plywood
Bonding surfacing material to curved
surfaces
Molded plastic
88
90
92
93
94
96
97
98
99
99
100
..
... ~I-Y ....... "' ..
~-
:;:-:-\Cyp~-~'::'f frameS
chair and sofa frames

Armchair frame
Upholstery tools
SECTION 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1 I.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
101
1'03
104
105
105
108
109
117
120
122
Upholstery materials
Foam rubber
Seats
Backs
Upholstery details
Chair angles
Furniture designs
Instructions for reading drawings
125
Family workbench
Professional workben~h
Tool cabinets
Magazine rack
Service cart
Telephone cabinet
Flower box
End table I
End table 2
End table 3
Coffee table
Coffee table 2
Side table
Extension dining table
Television table
Record storage cabinet
Radio cabinet 1
Radio cabinet 2
Speaker cabinet
Open-shelf breakfront
Cabinet 1
Cabinet 2
Desk 1
Desk 2
_"
Stool
Bench I
126
128
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
144
145
146
148
151
152
154
156
158
160
162
163
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
4l.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
"
Bench 2
Sectional bookcase
Chair
Dining set 1: Table
Dining set 1: Armchair
Dining set 1: Side chair
Dining set 2: Side chair
Dining set 2: Armchair
Dining set 2: Table
Easy chair
2 or 3 seater settee
Armless chair, 2 or 3 seater ~ttee
Armchair
Bed Settee
Dressing table 1
Dressing table 2
Dressing table stool
Wardrobe
Chest 1
Chest 2
Chest 3
Chest 4
Chest 5
Single or double bed and night table
Double bed
Beds and headboard
Night table
Index
164
166
167
168
170
112
173
174
176
177
179
180
182
184
186
1
188
190
191
194
195
196
198
200
202
204
206
210
211
SECT ION 1:
General" instructions
GENERAL NOTES ABOUT WOOD

In order to select the type of wood best
suited to the work to be done it is essential
to understand the characteristics of the material. I have, therefore, outlined some basic
information regarding its structure, as well
as methods of sawing and handling.
---_._---- - -----,
PIT H
HEART WOOD
---------~
WOOD
I
I
I
I
RAY S
--------._
Structure of wood
Wood is derived from a tree. It is made up

of bundles of fibers or long tubes that run
parallel to the stem of the tree. These are
crossed by other fibers that form the medullary or wood rays. These wood rays pass
from the center or pith to the bark and
serve to bind the units together. Concentric
rings are formed as a layer of wood is added
each year. These are called annual rings.
CAMBIUM
--------
",
\\
',.\
"
----------~
ANNUAL RINGS
A-Partial section of a tree trunk
Note the location of its parts:

Medulla, or pith: This is the center of the
tree. It is lighter in color and less strong
than the heartwood.
Heartwood: This section of the trunk, located between the medulla and the sapwood, gives us the best building material.
Sapwood: The recent al1nual rings are contained here, between the heartwood and
cambium.
Cambium: This is the most recent
ring.
Bark: This external layer protects tnel~tree.
Sawing the tree into planks
A tree is usually cut during the

when there is little sap in the wood. At
time the wood is less subject to fungus ati
tack. After the bark has been stripped, the'
trunk is washed to prevent fungus, mold, OJ;
other growth. This process also helps to
season wood.
At the end of the seasoning period the
trunk may be sawed into planks in any of a
number of different ways. One of the most
practical methods is sawing parallel to the
grhin. This is called plain, or bastard, sawing. Quarter sawing, another method, is
used for higher quality work.
General Notes About Wood
C-Quarter sawing
WOOD CHANGES
Planks undergo both warping and shrinking
during the seasoning process. Shrinking is
most noticeable at the outer edges of the
plank, because the annual rings of the sapwood are fresher and less dense. Warping
refers to the general change the plank
undergoes after being cut.
A-Warping in a plank that includes the
pith
B-Warping and curvature of parallelsawed (plain-sawed) planks: Note how the
curvature runs in a direction opposite to
the arc formed by the annual rings.
C-Aligning or joining of two planks must
be done on their concave sides.
D-Joining two planks on their convex
sides will produce a weak joint.
r:--I
I
I
L:~~~~~~~~~~~~
SEASONING OF TIMBER
It is essential that timber be well seasoned

before it is used. The usual methods are as
follows:
Natural seasoning: In- this -method sawed
timber is exposed to free air after it has
been carefully stacked.
Water seasoning: A somewhat quicker
method of seasoning consists of immersing
. the timber in running water for about one
4
month. The water entering the pores of the

wood washes out the sap. The timber is
dried in the open air.
Artificial seasoning: In this method the
till1ber is placed in a drying kiln, and a
current of hot air is allowed to circulate
continuously between the layers. For some
woods steam may be used. This is the fastest method.
Wood Changes
SELECTING AND BUYING WOOD

After the design has been selected and
studied, the next step is the ordering of material. One method is to buy the timber in
standard lengths and cut the required pieces
as listed. Another method is to ask the timber dealer to cut the material into the sizes
you. need. There will be a minimum of
waste whichever method is used, because
standard timber sizes have been considered
in the planning of the designs.
A void using solid wood and plywood together in the same piece of furniture, particularly if a flush board is to be visible. If
such a combination of materials is unavoidable, glue should never be used for bonding
the parts. Plywood and solid wood react
differently to drying glue and to atmos-
pheric conditions, but screws or loose joints

will permit shrinkage or expansion. However, wood and plywood may be safely
combined in edge treatment, as shown on
page 52.
Another point to keep in mind is that both
soft and hard wood shrink in the process
of seasoning. Thus the wood is usually l!J 6
in. narrower than the nominal thickness.
This difference is of consequence only in fitting such parts as doors, shelves, or
drawers. If the wood is of a different thickness from that specified in the design, adjustments must be made in the dimensions
of the part to be applied. Therefore it is
best to secure timber of a thickness as close
~_ __
ssible to that specified.
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THE PARTS
;~iIN~cl.N.b
(, ~ ~ : AS~.~BLlNG
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Whether wood is shaped by hand or jj 6?~\\... ::; -e'liniiUaJ.n~hie joint and substituting nails.
of woodworking machines, the process c 0..).,- ,-CYl!efete"lhty.parts are joined, all should be
sists of removing small parts of wood 6 .
1\ lPbe~.9fto make sure they will fit.
sawing, planing, or chiseling in accordance
- ----c .
with the selected design.
Instructions for assembly are provided with
each design. The glue must be spread on
After the design has been studied and suitboth surfaces to be joined, and the pieces
able wood selected, the various pieces can
clamped together for several hours. Simple
be traced directly on the wood for cutting.
clamps or screws and nails may be used to
See details, page 8. The parts should be laid
apply pressure. Wood clamps may be made
out in such a way that the handsomest surby nailing blocks of wood to the ends of a
faces of the wood will be seen in the finrail slightly longer than the piece being
ished piece. In the cutting operation itself;
glued, and applying pressure by inserting
accuracy is very important; if the parts are I.
wedges between the wood and the blocks.
to fit together as designed, the timber must
be cut at the correct angle. The saw cut !
Large assemblies
should fall outside the pencil line, so that
Before assembling a large piece of furnithe board can be planed or filed to correct
ture, particularly a built-in unit, it is wise to
dimensions. (A plane is used on flat surmeasure passageways to make sure it can be
faces, and a file on curved edges.)
moved from the shop to the site that has
-!:
When the parts have been cut and finished

to the right sizes, the joints may be marked
and executed as indicated in the details.
Sometimes it is possible to save time by
Selecting and Buying the Wood
been picked for it. It may be necessary to

assemble the piece in two or three units in
the shop, and complete the assembly in the
room where the piece is to be installed.
5
WOOD FINISH
The kind of finish a piece of furniture

should receive will depend upon the quality
and appearance of the wood, the use it will
receive, decorating tastes, and so on. Nothing shows off the beauty of the wood-and
the builder's achievement!-quite so well
as a "natural" finish. Or it may seem preferable to add a touch of bright color to the
decorating scheme of a room by painting
the piece. Nowadays furniture makers
sometimes achieve bold, striking effects by
the carefully planned use of contrasting
panels on the same piece: for example, the
drawer fronts of a chest might be enameled
or lacquered pure white, while the frame
could be a strong, deep tone of almost any
other color that would "go well" in the
room. A word of caution to the amateur
decorator: if you lack confidence in your
judgment, or are wavering between color
and natural finish, remember that the latter
is never in bad taste. Furthermore, a natural. finish can later be painted over, if you
find you are not happy with it. It is a far
more difficult proposition to remove the
paint, if you later decide you prefer the
"natural" look.
The subject of wood finishing is too extensive to receive adequate treatment here, but
a few general pointers are worth giving:
Carefully sand smooth all surfaces, both before and between coats of finish. Grade M2
sandpaper is recommended for raw wood;
finer grades of waterproof sandpapersuch as 0 or OO-are suitable between
finish coats, and may be dipped in water to

prevent dogging and minimize dust. Other
methods of smoothing the surfaces, such as
rubbing with fine steel wool, pumice, or
other fine abrasives, may also be used. Dust
should be allowed to settle before liquid
finishes are applied, and the air in the workroom should be clear and still. Be sure that
a coat of finish is thoroughly dry before
sanding and proceeding with the next coat,
and never rub or sand the final coat of paint
.or enamel. Various rubbing compounds or
"Flour" sandpaper may be sparingly used
after the final coat of shellac or varnish.
Preparation of surface
Most raw woods need careful preparation

before they can be painted or finished. Neglect of this essential preliminary will not
only increase the number of coats necessary
to obtain proper coverage-with consequent waste of materials and labor-but
will produce less satisfactory results. Fillers, primers, and unde.rcoats are' not
cheaper types of finishing material to be
used where they won't "sfiow"-they are
indispensable components of a proper
finish.
In applying finishes, use good brushes and
!ceep them in good condition. It is best to
keep special brushes for special uses: one
brush for shellac, another for varnish, a
third for lacquer. A nylon brush should not
be used with shellac, as the alcohol solvent
will attack the bristles.
Wood Finish
WOOD FINISH
Open-grained hardwoods must be filled.

If the wood is to be stained, this operation
should precede filling or be combined with
it-filler-stain preparations are available
in a number of shades. If wood filler is applied separately, it should be brushed or
wiped on and the excess rubbed off with a
clean rag. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions faithfully with all
finishing materials.
Close-grained woods do not need to be
filled, but a coat of thin shellac is recommended to seal fir before varnishing, because of the soft grain. If there are any
knots or resin pockets in the wood, they
should be sealed with shellac or knotsealer.
Plastic wood or crack filler (in shades to
match the wood, if a natural finish is selected) should be used to fill nail holes or
crevices after they have been primed, either
by the first finish coat or !by swabbing with
linseed oil or varnish.
Natural finishes
Among natural finishes, the least discolora- ;

tion of the raw wood is obtained with wax, ;
but this method also offers least protection :
against hard usage. A single coat of white I
shellac or clear varnish should precede the;
wax. Combined varnish-wax preparations
are also available.
j
Clear lacquer can yield striking results, and!
there are now preparations available which

make it possible to apply this traditiomilly
difficult material with a brush instead of a
spray-gun.
A "white" shellac finish will discolor wood
less than varnish, but is not waterproof. A
"5-lb cut" shellac contains 5 lb of shellac
gum to the gallon of alcohol; "4-lb cut" contains only 4 lb. Either of these concentrations will give good results, but the "3-lb
cut" frequently found in stores is not recommended, except for preliminary coats,
which should be thin.
Varnish finish combines durability with the
attractiveness of a natural finish. Spar varniSh is suitable for pieces like kitchen cabinets, that are exposed to moisture. Other
types of varnish are suitable for high-gloss
effects, and some types have pigment added
. to combine the coloring effect of paint with
the natural grain of the wood.
Paint or enamel finish
If the wood is to be painted, it must first be

primed, although some special formulations
and most rubber-base paints are self-priming. If it is to be enameled, best results will
be obtained by using an enamel undercoat
preparation. It is generally advisable to mix
a little of the finish coat into the white
primer or enamel undercoat, in order to
tint it, and provide a better base for the
final pigment. This measure is especially
advisable if the final color is very deep.
, I
Wood Finish
MARKING THE MATERIALS

After obtaining the rough wood from the
timber yard, mark out the various pieces
on the wood using the straight yard rule
(A), the try square (B), or the sliding bevel
(C). If you use the two latter devices, remember that one edge of the material
should be straight.
The marking gauge (D) is used to trace

lines parallel to a straight border or edge.
The marker can be adjusted to vary the
distance from the edge.
The function of the compass (E) is the
scribing of circles or partial curves.
8
Marking the Materials
BASIC WOODWORKING OPERATIONS

The basic types of woodworking operations required to shape the pieces and
make the joints shown in this book are illustrated on pages 9 through 16. To describe the actual method of working the
wood would require a whole book in itself,
but the text does suggest the tools-both
hand and power- for each operatIOn.
cal operations to be performed, the degree

of precision necessary, and so on. For all
operations involving power tools, the characteristics of the particular equipment and
the manufacturer's recommendations for
its use will also need to be considered.
It should be understood that careful sanding of the wood is ordinarily required after
the wood has been worked to the proper
size and shape. Depending upon the operation, planing or filing may also be necessary. In the text that follows, such operations have not beell mentioned unless they
are essential to the description.
In general, the tools mentioned are those

that will do the job most efficiently, but because some operations can be accomplished
in many ways, the choice of method will
depend upon such factors as the equipment
available, the number of similar or identi-
SAWING
A-Rip cut (with grain)
8-Cross cut (across grain)
Hand: Rip saw recommended, but cross- I

cut saw may be used. Power: Circular saw. I
Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces,

tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band
saw.
or band saw.
I
1
I,
C-Angle cut
D-Miter cut (45 degrees)
Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces,
Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small framing

pieces, miter saw in miter guide. Power:
Band saw or circular saw.
tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band

saw.
Basic Woodworking Operations
SAWING
A-Rip bevel (with grain)
B-Cross bevel (across grain)
Hand: Rip saw recommended, but crosscut saw may be used. Power: Circular saw.
Hand: Cross-cut saw or (for small pieces)

tenon saw. Power: Band saw or circular
saw.
C-Compound bevel
D-Straight and curved cut
Hand: Cross-cut saw or tenon saw. Power:

Circular saw or band saw.
Hand: Keyhole or compass. saw. Power:

Band saw or jig saw.
E-Curved cut
F-Inside cut
Hand: Keyhole or compass saw, or (for

thin pieces) coping saw. Power: Band saw
Drill hole (see 14A) to admit saw blade.

Hand: Keyhole or compass saw, coping
saw. Power: Jig saw.
or jig saw.
10
Sawing
SURFACING
A-Surfacing a side
B-Surfacing two sides
Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing

plane. Power: Jointer or belt sander.
Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing
C-Truing an edge (with grain)
D-Squaring an edge (end grain)
Hand: Jack plane followed by jointer plane.

Power: Jointer.
Hand: Block plane or smoothing plane.

Power: Jointer, or disc sander.
E-Chamfer
F-Stopped chamfer
Hand: Use planes as in C or D, above, in

conjunction with plane gauge if desired to
maintain proper angle. Power: As in C or
D, above, or disc sander.
Hand: Planes and files. Power: Jointer or

spindle molder.
Surfacing
plane, with marking gauge to control thickness. Power: Jointer, thickness planer, and
belt sander.
11
SHAPING
A-Concave curve
B-Convex curve
Hand: Mallet and chisel directed toward

saw cut bisecting curve, or wood rasp. Follow with adjustable circular plane and files.
Power: Spindle molder.
Hand: Mallet and chisel followed by adjustable circular plane and files. Power:
Spindle molder.
C-Rounding a corner
D-Rounding a straight edg~
Hand: Block plane or files. Power: Spindle

molder.
/
molder.
E-Rounding a convex edge
F-Rounding a concave or irreguiar edge
Hand: Plane and files. Power: Spindle
Hand: Files. Power: Spindle molder.
Hand: Plane and files. Po-wer: Spindle
molder.
12
Shaping
SHAPING
A-Recess on edge (drawer pull)
B-Recess away from edge (drawer pull)
Hand: Chisels and gouges. Power: Spindle

molder or router.
Hand: Chisels and gouges. Power: Spindle

molder or router.
C-Moldings
D-Relief carving
Hand: Rabbeting plane or molding plane.

Power: Spindle molder.
Hand: Gouges and special files. Power:

Drill press with router bits, or carving
cutters.
E-Turning
F-Irregular shaping
Hatld:' Not recommended. A spokeshave

might be used for simple shapes. Power:
Lathe with turning chisels and gouges.
Hand: Saws for plan and elevation profiles,

followed by planes, w<?od rasp, files and
spokeshave. Power: Spindle molder.
Shaping
13
JOINERY
A-Hole drilling
B-Slanted hole
Hand: Brace and bit, with bit gauge if

depth of a stopped hole is to be regulated.
Doweling jig will insure accurate matching
of holes if a dowel joint is required. Power:
Drill press.
Hand: Brace and bit guided by prebored

block (jig) clamped to work (face next to
work having been cut to angle required for
inclination of bit). Power: Drill press.
..'
C-Rabbet
D-Curved rabbet
Hand: Rabbeting plane, or combinatio!l

/
plane. Power: Circular saw or jointer.
Hand: Chisels or round nibbeting plane.

Power: Drill press with router bit or spindle
molder.
E-Groove or slot
F-Tongue
Hand: Groove or combination plane.

Power: Spindle molder, circular saw, or
Hand: Tongue or combination plane.

Power: Jointer, spindle molder, or circular
router.
saw.
14
Joinery
JOINERY
A-Housing
B-Stopped housing
Hand: Tenon saw and chisels. Power: Circular saw or router.
Hand: Chisels. Power: Circular saw or

router.
and chisels. Power: Cir-
E-!Open mortise
F-Simple mortise
Hand: Tenon saw and files. Power: Circular

saw or band saw.
Hand: Mortise chisel and files. Power: Drill

press with mortising attachment or router.
Joinery
15
A-Box ;oint or finger lap

Hand: Tenon saw, chisel, and files. Power:
Circular saw.
B-Edge dovetail
Hand: Tenon saw and chisel. Power: Dove.
tail
router.
C-Dovetail housing
Hand: Tenon saw and rabbeting p1ane.

Power: Dovetail router.
D-Dovetail ;oinl
Hand: Dovetail saw and chisel. Power:
Dovetail router. !
E-Lapped dovetail
Hand: Dovetail saw, fOllowed by chisel.
Power: Dovetail router.
16
F-Secret mitered dovetail '
Hand: Dovetail saw and chisels.

POwer: Dovetail router.
Joinery _
GLUING WOOD
Either hot or cold glue may be used in wood
construction. After preparing the parts and
making sure that the surfaces are smooth,
spread the glue on both faces to be joined.
The glued pieces should be pressed together
for four to eight hours, dependfug on, the
type of glue used.
Gluing Wood
A-In assembling furniture, direct pressure

can be applied by use of a rope.
B- The adjustable bar clamp is used to
join boards together. Its spread is 2 ft to 8
ft.
.
C-Pressure is usually maintained by the
use of clamps.
D-Here is a simple method of joining
boards without the use of clamps. Short
pieces of wood are nailed to the ends of two'
rails, and pressure is applied by inserting
wedges.
E and F-The steel spring is another type
of clamp.
G-The handscrew is /made of wood
and used for light work. The parts must be
kept parallel as they are screwed together.
H-The double bar clamp is used to press
together thin sections of wood, as in veneer.
17
METHODS OF JOINING BOARDS

Often planks are not large enough for the
work to be done. To obtain the desired
width or length it is necessary to glue two
or more planks together with what is called
a butt joint.
In order to obtain an invisible joint in exposed panels, the grain must be accurately
aligned. There are many ways of joining
these parts, each suitable for a particular
type of work.
I)]))) [J ill (un ((((I
A-Because the planks sawed from the

center of the tree trunk are the weakest, it is
advisable to saw them in two and glue them
together to give them stability and strength.
B-To obtain best results, the two planks

should be joined by matching either external rings or interior rings, in order to
equalize shrinking or warping.
C-If the external part of the timber !s

connected with the internal part, a very bad
joint may result. There will be no proper
seasoning of the two pieces, and after a
period of time there will be a noticeable
demarcation of the whole joint.
D-In a solid panel it is necessary to have

the edge straight to form a perfect joint. It
is of utmost importance to see that the
grain direction is alternated from each
plank to the next in order to equalize the
strain made by the annual rings.
E-If the grain is not alternated, the panel

will have a tendency to curl.
18
Methods of Joining Boards
BASIC JOINTS
Butt joint
Rabbet joint
This is one of the simplest and most

frequently used joints.
Similar to the preceding method, but

less used because it is more difficult.
Dowel joint
Mortise-and-tenon joint
A common method, often used where

the total area is large.
This joint is less commonly used than

the one at the left.
TOhgue and groove
Feather joint
Flooring is usually made this way. It

is also practical in furniture work.
This is one of the most practical ways

of joining parallel planks.
Basic Joints
19
BASIC JOINTS
Loose tongue and groove
Shiplap joint
With edges rounded or beveled, this

joint is often used in wall paneling.
This method is used extensively for

siding on houses. It is easy to make a
watertight joint in thi~ way.
Tongue-and-groove joint used.in

drawing board
Wedge mortise and ten'on
The transverse rail is used

warping;",
Butt joint with wedges
(0 prevent
This method is used wlren work is to

be exposed to the weather.
Butt joint with dovetail wedge
This is a good method to use with a

straight joint, particularly for outside
work.
20
Basic Joints
SCARF JOINTS
A
The right angle scarf joint is not often

used in furniture work for practical
reasons: It is not strong, glue will not
adhere easily to its surfaces, and the
joint is always visible.
A-Zigzag scarf joint
This joint exposes more of the wood

grain to contact with the glue, and is,
therefore, stronger than a right-angle
scarf joint.
B-Dowel scarf joint
The dowels strengthen the joint. Glue
is used with all of these joints.
C-Fork scarf joint
A good joint is obtained because the

surfaces are held naturally in contact,
permitting firm glue adhesion.
D-Double dovetail scarf joint
This joint is used where the joint is

subject to strain.
E-Tension scarf joint
This jOint is held in place by wooden

wedges, and is used more commonly in
house carpentry than in cabinet making.
Scarf Joints
21
RAIL JOINTS
The execution of rail joints is of great
importance, because these are the
basic structural elements in furniture
framework.
Various types of straight rails and
transverse rails may be used to form
various types of frames, and an appropriate joint must be selected for the
type of work to be done. You must
consider the thickness of the straight
and transverse rails, the quality of
wood, and the position of the frame
-whether visible or concealed. A
middle rail may be added to the
straight and transverse rails for extra
support. The series of joints illustrated
will show the various types and explain
the characteristics of each.
End half-lap joint
This joint is easily constructed, but unless reinforced with pins and bolts or
screws it is not very durable. It is used
mostly in repair work.
"
Dowel joint
\. .
Another joint commonly used in repa,ir

work.
',.;~.
- Open mortise-and-tenon joint
This joint is easy to make and is used

for ordinary furniture work.
22
Bridle joint .
This is a joint often used by the amateur craftsman.
Stub mortise and tenon with square

haunch
This is the most widely used joint in

the furniture field. It has all the requisites of a perfect joint.
Rail Joints
RAIL JOINTS
Bridle with groove and

miter on the inner edge
Double mortise and tenon with

sloping haunch
This joint can be used where work is

exposed to the elements.
WEDGE
-----,
I
in every type of
L
I
Miter bridle joint
Rail Joints
Miter with stub mortise and tenon
23
RAIL JOINTS
tf
- - - -_ _j
SPLI NED
Miter joint with spline
Miter mortise-and-tenon joint
This joint is easy to make and is often

used by the amateur craftsman.
This is a very strong joint, used for

work exposed to humidity.
Miter tongue joint
Miter stub tongue joint
This is very common in standard production.
Same as miter tongue, except Jhat

feather joint is invisible.
MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS
24
Lap tee joint
Dowel joint
This simple joint is often used by the

amateur; also in repair work.
This is a good general purpose joint.
Rail Joints
MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS
Through mortise and tenon
Stub mortise and tenon
The addition of the wedge makes this

a very strong joint. It is used in work
exposed to weather.
This is an easily made and widely used

joint.
Dovetail halved joint
Oblique dovetail joint
This method is used to strengt4en the

frame where it will be subjected to un- :
usual strain.
Same as dovetail stub except that

tongue runs through and joint is in
oblique position.
Special dovetail joint
Double dovetail joint
This joint is difficult to make and is

used only for precision work.
The principle here is the same as in a

single dovetail'joint. Both systems are
used Jor joints subject to great strain.
Middle Rail Joints
25
MIDDLE RAIL JOINTS
Mortise and tenon with groove
Note that mortise and tenon are reduced in width.
Mortise and tenon with rabbet
Here is one way of joining rails to form

a panel.
Double mortise and tenon

I
Mortise and tenon with mitered

rail and frame
Another mortise and tenon variation.
26
This mortise and tenon has many uses

for cross-rail joints. The rail is mortised from both sides:
Cross-lap joint (1)
Cross-lap joint (2)
This easily made joint is one of the

most commonly used.
Here is another application of the

cross-lap principle.
Middle Rail Joints
SPECIAL USES OF PLYWOOD

A-Molded plywood
Light molded plywood is obtained bygluing layers of wood together in metal

forms. The mold is pressed together
with clamps. This method is in wide
use in the production of chair seats and
backs.
'
------------------~
MOLDED PLYWOOD SEAT
Cylinder and cone construction
B-Cylinder with feather
C-Cone covered with plywood for

c!abin,et work
For upholstery work, cardboard may

be substituted for plywood.
Special Uses of Plywood
51
EDGE TREATMENT
A-Painting the edge to match the wood:
This is the simplest and cheapest method.
In order to conceal the laminates in plywood or a blockboard panel, the edges

must be covered with hardwood. The
methods used are:
B-Veneer banding
This material is now available in rolls.
C-Solid edge
D-Tongued, frame and grooved edge
E-Tongued edge and grooved frame
52
F-Edge attached with feather
I-Roll veneer is particularly suitable for

curved edges.
G-Mitered edge used in fine work

H-Application of hardwood edge (C-G)
(solid edge shown)
For fine work the corner will be formed
with a miter joint.
Edge Treatment
FASTENING FABRIC TO BOARD

For simple upholstery, there are several
techniques for attaching the fabric to a
panel. Any of the methods shown will
give excellent results.
A
\
_ _ _ _ _ ....1.
\
FABRI C
------~
COTTON
A-Fabric tacked to the back

B-A strip of wood fitted into the
back
C-Solid board attached to edge

D-Fabric stretched over a frame:
This forms an independent panel front.
I
I
I
L ____ ___ _
SOLID EDGES
Fastening Fabric to Board
53
METAL BORDERS
A through D-Metal borders. and
methods of fastening them to wood
edges
A'_
B.,.
METAL BORDER
~-----------
PLASTIC BORDERS
To cover wood edges one can use either
plastic material similar to that used on
surfaces, and applied by the same
method (E), or standard plastic borders (F).
/
PLASTIC BORDERS
r~----------
,fE_
54
Metal Borders
APPLICATION OF FABRIC TO DOORS

A-Application of fabric to a sliding
door
B-Fabric held in place on a door by
molding
B
fA BRIC
------,
I
I
I
I
lole
&
C and D-Two methods of applying a

fabric panel to a frame
Application of Fabric to Doors
55
DOOR STOPS FOR SINGLE DOORS

The basic use of single or double door
stops is to seal a furniture compartment and so protect its contents from
dust and other injury. Door stops also
help to mask the gaps that appear when
the wood shrinks. Stops are seldom
used in ~ass production; to save time
a straight board is used.
A
WOOD OR METAL ST OP
-----------------,
I
I
RABBET STOP
.......
"" - .
- . ' . ~(
"
A-Straight board door with wood or

metal stops: This is the normal method
used in standard production.
B-Straight stop board: A special solution, not commonly used.
C-Rabbet stop on side
D-Rabbet stop on door: A very good
method
E-Miter stop, used in fine work
56
Door Stops
DOOR STOPS FOR DOUBLE DOORS

WOOD OR METAL STOP
------------------,
I
A-Straight board with wood or metal

stop as used in mass production
B-Rabbet stops: The score in the
front hides movement or shrinking of
doors.
C-Stop with tongue and groove: This
method allows simultaneous opening
of the doors.
D-Variation of tongue-and-groove
stop
E-Isometric drawing of door, showing position of rabbet stop: The score
indicated in (B) has been omitted.
Door Stops
57
DOOR HINGES
There are several methods of attaching
standard doors to furniture; they vary with
the type of hinge to be used. Hinges are usually fastened with screws.
The common types of hinges are illustrated
here and'on the following pages. Butt hinges
are shown below.
Cabinet doors with butt hinges
BUTT
HINGES
@@
,
.:
,:'
....
(Q)
Butt hinge~ 'ar~. iised in mass proquction.

<
oJ'
>
@
@
o
Recess doors with butt hinges: Note that side panel
acts as door stop.
58
Door Hinges
DOOR HINGES
BUTT
HI N G E
LOOSE
PIN HINGE
External doors with butt hinges: Doors using this

type of hinge open all the way.
Rabbet doors with butt hinges
HINGE
---v
Rabbet doors with offset hinges
cg -
l-
I-
PIANO 0 R
CONTINUOU5
Miter doors with butt hinges, used for special work

Door Hinges
H I N G E
l-
59
DOOR HINGES
- J
OFFSET
HINGE
External door application with offset hinge
sass.
HINGES
Door application with Soss invisible hinges used in

fine furniture
DOUBLE ACTION HINGE
0 ....
'"
....
"
!
Door attached with folding-screen hinges: The double action permits -complete rotation of the door.
Hinges work in pairs to prevent gapping.
FLUSH
HINGE
COUNTER
HINGE
60
Flush and counter hinges, commonly used for extension table tops,
Door Hinges
TABLE HINGES
CLOSED
A-Standard table hinges made to fasten extension table tops having molded
edges
B-Another type of extension table:
The straight edges are fastened with
extension hinge. Open, the extension
part is flush to the surface; closed, it is
flush to the edge.
OPEN
TOP CLOSED
TABLE HINGE
TOP OPEN
Table Hinges
61
SPECIAL HINGES
,,
'~
-_
Cabinet with three doors: Such cabinets present special problems. Here is one solution, shown with butt
hinges.
..... ....... _-,.", , /
Piano hinges used with two sets of doors: This is a

practical method of hiding the central divider when
two sets of doors appear on the front. The hinge may
be cut into segments when two doors are hinged from
same post. See page 59.
62
Special Hinges
PIVOT HINGES
PIVOT
HI N GE
A and B-Doors using internal pivots at top and bottom. Note that (B) uses a stop pivot.
PI VOT HINGE WITH STOP
C-Door installation with angle pivot hinge., With

this ty,pe of pivot the door can be opened all the way.
D-Another angle pivot hinge, with a pivot of differentshape

Pivot Hinges
63
PiVOT HINGES
II
A-This three-door problem has been solved by using an

external pivot hinge (above left) on the two outside doors,
and an internal one (above right) on the door that hides
the dividing panel.
\
,
_- /- "-
B-Use of pivot hinges on a four-door cabinet also hides

the center divider.
t'
,;,~
".
.
"
64
Pivot Iiinges
DROP DOORS
A drop door may use almost any type
of hinge along its bottom edge. If the
open door is to serve as a desk or support, it is essential to have the door
held rigidly in position. This can be
done by using metal supports along the
outer edge.
A and B-Two types of supports for
drop doors, both attached with butt
hinges
SUPPORT
C-A simple method of using a butt

hinge, without a special support. The
door overhang acts as its own stop.
.....
Drop Doors
..... _--Y
65
DROP DOORS
A-A combination hinge and support
is used with this drop door. This is a
satisfactory method so long as the door
is small.
~
COMBINATION HINGE AND SUPPORT
B-Offset hinges are used in this

scheme.
C and D-These .two similar drop door 1

stops are intended for use in fine furniture construction. Both employ pivot
hinges hung sidewise from the sides of
the cabinet.
66
Drop Doors
DROP DOORS
A-This type of door stop is simpler to construct than the preceding two, but the difference in level between the door and the interior would be a disadvantage for some
uses.
B-Pivot door, suitable for dressing tables
_____ .~IJBB.QE
FOLDING DOORS
Folding doors leave free the space
needed to open conventional doors.
They are simple to make and to install,
but the work must be done very accurately.
HINGE WITH GUIDE PIN

""'-----------.....
.....
I
I
I
I
,I
I!
I
I
"
!
I
!
I
I
I
I
I
L _..J__..J. __ --'- _ _j
Drop Doors
67
SPECIAL DOORS
----,
----1
Combination drop and sliding door
. This design utilizes a pivot and a routed track.
VERTICAL
SECTION
Tambour door
Another space-saving door. This type, once very

popular for office furniture, is not difficult to build.
68
Special Doors
SLIDING DOORS
1-_
________ _
I
LI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
CLEAT TRACK
GROOVE TRACK
Sliding doors also save room space, but

do not allow so large an opening as do
folding or tambour doors. Several
methods of installing sliding doors are
shown. Note that for both installation
and removal of sliding doors space for
clearance must be allowed in the top
guide.
A and B-Sliding door with cleat track
and groove track
C-Easy-to-make guides, using

wooden strips
D and E-Metal and plastic guides
and their application

F-Plate glass or thin plywood doors
sliding in groove tracks
'--------WOODEN
STRIPS
F
CLEARANCE fO R
REMOVAL Of DOORS
METAL OR
PLASTIC
Sliding Doors
\
\.-
----- -----
CLEARANCE fOR
...__.__-REMOVAL Of DOORS
69
SLIDING DOORS
I
l -r=---===--r - - - ---,
I
I
I
,
I
I
l!r,
I
I
\ ..v
,
L ______ ..J
A
fRONT VIEW
A-Doors will move more easily if
wheels are used. These _two methods
will give very satisfactory results.
PLATE GLASS
~----------
SID E
PLASTIC OR
ME. TAL ROLLERS
r-----------
BALL TRACK
r---------
'/
/METAL
I
I
B, C, D-Other methods of sliding:

Irregular groove to minimize friction,
ball track, and plastic rollers all make
for easy sliding of the doors.
70
SI DE.
SE.CTlON
ROD
/ r----------I
,..--,
1+,
I'
'\
fRONT VIEVi
Sliding Doors
DOOR CATCHES
Doors may be fastened with catches,
bolts, or locks. Locks, of course, require keys. Several types of catches are
shown on this page. Bolts and locks are
illustrated on the pages that follow.
PRICTIO~
CAT C H
BULLET
CATCH
MAGNET CATCH
RUBBER ROLLER CATCH
DOOR
Door Catches
71
DOOR BOLTS AND LOCKS

DOOR KNOB
A-A door knob installed in position

Band C-Application of flush and neck bolts to
door back, for use with double doors
MORTISE
LOCK
D-The mortise lock is a common

type found in fUfl1iture work. It can be
used with single or double dqors and
with drawers.
E and F-Mortise end side lock that
may be used in either doors or drawers.
The keyhole should always be vertical.
72
Door Bolts and Locks
DOOR LOCKS
A-The cylinder lock, standard for
most doors, may be used on any type
of door.
Band C-Various ways of using a
piano lock: (B) with sliding doors;
(C) with a hinged door.
o
fii
CYLINDER LOCK
PIANO
LOC~
B
Door Locks
73
DOOR LOCKS
A-This bar lock method closes both doors
at the same time.
Band C-Plate glass locking devices which
are particularly useful: (B) is secured with
screws; (C) is applied to the base of the
plate glass.
Gl
7-----..i'
PLATE
GLASS
74
Door Locks
PULLS
A through D-Many types of pulls or
knobs made of wood or metal may be
purchased and applied to furniture.
Pulls may be used decoratively, but it
is usually best to build them into the
actual furniture as shown in (E).
E-Drawer or door pulls built into the
furniture
I /
If. ______ _
L __ ___ _
MtTAL KNOBS
w 000
PULL
PULL
-------,
I
r7I'1<:~~r---
I
I
I
/
'I
\
_J.LJ.:.I1L~'_
L _____ _
METAL PULL
Pulls
L __
NUT
7S
PULLS
A and B-Two examples of pulls cut

into the bottom of a drawer
C and D-Pulls built into cabinet
doors
E-Sliding door pulls are cut into the
wood; a similar method is used for
plate glass sliding doors.
c
LI _____
METAL
,,,-
PULLS
______ J
~--.
"
"
------:1
- 'I
"
\
\
'
:",
\:
.
"
"
"
76
:E
,
_1'~
Pulls
ADJUSTABLE SHELVES
Adjustable shelves have several advantages, but the chief of these is that
the spacing between them may be
varied to suit the objects to be displayed. These shelves are often used
for bookshelves, kitchen cabinets, and
china cupboards. Here are several
types.
Various examples of adjustable
shelves: Type (D) is one of the best
arrangements.
SHELVES
-----\--...
-...
-y--,
,-or-- \
./
./
./
./
./
I //
IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
L: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
SHELf BRACKETS
~ ADJUSTABLE
SECTION
Adjustable Shelves
SHELf" PINS
FRONT VIEW
77
ADJUSTABLE SHELVES
,- AOJ\)S'TABLE.
SHELF'SUPPORT AND STANDARDS
/
J~./
":- ~
Supporting the shelves wit~~brackets

offers a simple method 9;' ?uilding
bookcases and similar disRlay.~spaces.
Several styles of brackets are available,
commercially.
" .
"
';
\ .....
~...
'.
'
..
0 ....
t:?
BRACKET KEYHOLE
BRACKET
78
::J
KNife:
~
~
Adjustable Shelves
DRAWERS
A drawer is one of the most useful and
important parts of furniture construction, and smooth operation of the
drawer depends upon the perfect design and assembly of the furniture
piece.
Drawers may be hidden by doors or
they may be exposed. Many solutions
are possible with either design. The
drawings in this section give a clear
idea of their construction and application.
A-Simplified drawer construction
Here is a drawer adequate for normal

use which can be easily made by hand.
It is designed in the form of a box
without cabinet joints, and is assembled with nails. The front is attached
with screws driven from the inside,
so that the visible portion is unbroken
'~~~~~td resembles a standard drawer. A
~ ~ c:,C~~( &.no. . pull can be attached in ex~ ~
-;ae~fy
same way as for the more
IJ >f cOr?plfca~d type.
/.f(
,
r'....
~ 'oj \ \..
k.
uC::
c "(
(j ( : :
SECTION
.,!-cr
c;;: c:
.'
~.
\....
C'
4
CC
)Q:.I
B_;Box.fbi t often used by craftsmen
SIDE)~Ei
:z: . .:..
TlON
~.r-'~-#-----l
~t~;~/~' 7.,... ~.~~
I-o.-.~........,.......~~\
~~""""''''''''''''''''.>A.I \
JO\NlNG-l"Ht 1wo ORAWER-f-RO~

PIECES WITH
fOUR seRE WS
PLAN VIEW
PLAN
VIEW
v~
II
I
I
I
Drawers
79
DRAWERS
A-Drawer constructed with dovetail
joint
SIDE
SECTION
_41.
PLAN VIEW
B-For fine drawer construction the

lapped dovetail joint is often used.
SIDE
VIEW
I
I ___ _
,.l_l
1- _ _ _ _
41.
PLAN VIEW
80
Drawers
DRAWERS
A and B-Some type of dust panel is
usually installed between drawers.
The one shown in (A) is visible from
the front of the chest; in (B) the panel
is concealed by the overlapping
drawer front.
C-Disappearing drawer front
SIDE SECTION
SIDE SECTION
c
---- --.,I
~"'N-ir-------
_.J
~~~~~~~~;;r" ./
SID E SECTION
Drawers
81
SPECIAL DRAWERS
MIRROR
Drop-top mirror used inside a drawer

HOUSING
--7
/
/
CHANNEL
I RON
Drawer with vertical removable division.strips: This method uses a housing

or a channel iron in the side of the
drawer.
------
\
\
\\ I/
!!~~_O_'{_~~!::.~1'
----------,.._
I ......
II
,
' '-,
"
I~
Drawer with oblique 'removable division strips: Either housing or channel
iron may be used.
82
Special Drawers
SPECIAL DRAWERS
PENDArlEX rilE
---------.,.,..,.,.,
CLEAT ...
-----
---~
,,"'"
.".
.,.,."'"
Drawer'for correspondence file. Patented hanging folders and dividers are

available at stationery stores.
Drawer for file index
Chest and box drawer for wardrobe

or cabinet
Special Drawers
Folding drawer used for storage or

stationery
II
)
83
SPECIAL DRAWERS
A-Interior drawer for wardrobe or
cabinet
B-Shirt drawer
C-Drawer with pull, for use as tray
D-Drawer with plate glass front
PULL
-----,
I
I
I
I
PLASTIC DRAWERS
'-,
....-..
..-
4114
These drawers can be purchased in '

standard sizes, with various types of
guides. Pulls and knobs can be applied to them as easily as to wooden
types. These plastic drawers can well
be substituted for wooden ones in
many pieces of furniture. In some
designs, however, the dimensions of
the framework may have to be adjusted to fit the size of ready-made
drawer avaihible.
84
Special Drawers
DRAWER SLIDES
Drawer with screwed cleat
Drawer with bottom rail
>
Drawer with rail on side: A mortise

may' be cut in the side of the drawer
to lUow the drawer to slide between
two cleats attached to the side of the
chest.
Drawer Slides
85
DRAWER SLIDES
L.
I _____________________ _
Rollers are used with heavy drawers.
"'s
'''t
PLASTI C OR METAL ROLLERS
..:.
;.
Drawer with center guide: A"'g~i~e

~acilitates the travel of the draWer._.
~nd some form of guide should be included if possible.
rIeavy drawer with special ball bearing glides

Drawer Slides
DRAWER SLIDES
Ball bearings in bottom of drawer:
This is still another way to assure an
easily-gliding drawer.
DRAWER STOPS
,
\
STOP FASTENED
\
\
~~D!~!.~.!~
~J
-----------,
I
_j
".
I
I
/
/
I
I
I
/'
{l
::.-
Drawer Slides
87
JOINING WOOD AND GLASS

PLATE GLASS
------------7
Attaching glass, plate glass, or a mirror to wood is one of the most delicate
operations in furniture construction.
The possibility of breaking the glass
during the working process makes it
imperative that great care be taken.
Plate glass or a mirror may be attached to the wood in a horizontal,

vertical, or oblique position. It may
also be welded to the wood with glue
or cement.
A through C-Application of the

plate glass shelf: (A) shows the installation of glass with a rough edge;
(B) and (C) show the method used
with finished glass.
D-Installing glass in a picture frame
E-Rabbet frame, showing
glass held in place with putty
plate
F-Plate glass in a groove
------'
PUTTY
88
Joining Wood and Glass
JOINING WOOD AND GLASS
_ MLR_RQJ!
A and B-There are several ways of

attaching glass or mirrors to wood
surfaces such as cabinet or closet
doors. (A) and (B) use paper between mirror and wood surface. Glue
is used in both. Large glass areas
should have a molding around the
edge. Mirrors may also be attached
to wood by cement without a paper
backing.
_P_A"'p_E_B
.--T/UI<7....--
_'I{ Q.Q_Q
__
M1BBQ...R_ _f.b1J?1:I}v1ItlJ).QQ_B.
-
C-Screws are used here to attach the

mirror to the wood.
Various l1).ethods may be used to attach plate glass to another surface
when the glass is to be horizontal.
SCREW COVER
D-Plate glass without fasteners is

advisable only for large tops, where
the weight of the glass will keep it in
place.
E-Glass with molding and recess beneath
E
\
--------------------~
RECESS FOR CLEARANCE

__J_.JL_JI---L..
PLATE
GLASS
G
....
..._-------
RUBBER
Joining Wood and Glass
89
JOINING METAL AND WOOD

In the cQnstructiQn Qf furniture it is
Qften necessary to. jQin WQQd and
metal parts. While it is custQmary to.
jQin these materials with bQlts Qr
screws, special adhesives may be used
instead. By means Qf glue, metal
sheets can be welded to. cellular CQres
to. fQrm large waterproQf panels.
SHEET
METAL
r----(])
<D
A-Three different methQds Qf jQining

metal sheets to. WQQd panels: Glue may
also. be used.
B
I
METAL
_,
~~
:
d
~_o_.9_.Q
~.
~
__
t .
,.!
~'. "->'V..
":
.. .
Band C-(B) shQWS a WQQd and metal

panel in a rabbet frame with mQlding. (C)
is a metal sheet in a groQved frame.
I
90
JQining Metal and WQQd
JOINING METAL AND WOOD
_ _ _ _ _ ..l
METAL
A and B-Two different ways of attaching decorative metal strips to

wood surfaces: With Method (A) the
metal is easily applied, but has a tendency to pull out in time. Method (B)
is preferable.
METAL PIPE
,-----,
~~~~~~~
'\.
C-Wooden arm rest fastened to

tubular metal chair arm with screws
,,
,,
""
D-Metal wire or tube fastened in

wood frame by means of holes previously made in the wood
,
I
...:I
Joining Metal and Wood
91
JOINING MARBLE AND WOOD

Marble and wood may be joined in a
number of ways. Basically, the methods are the same as those used with
glass. Several common methods are
shown on this page. Screws and bolts
may also be used.
I
I
I
I
A and B-Two simple methods of

using marble tops: The example below uses a stub tenon with a mortise
in the marble.
MARBLE!
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..1
C-A short prong incased in the

marble will prevent any sliding of the
top.
D-A rubber cup may be sufficient to

prevent the top from sliding.
MARBLE
------,
MARBLE
-------7
/
Jf'::-'_~~
C
\'L.Q_Q.g___ -
..
~ ~ ~ !':~'_/.1!:!_
c
METAL PIPE
- - ...
~
---""
92
Ii
Joining Marble and Wood
JOINING RUBBER AND WOOD

Rubber is a good material to use in
protecting furniture. Here are some
ways it may be used.
A-Flat sheet of rubber attached with
adhesive
B-Grooved rubber, also attached
with adhesive
C-A rubber dome can be attached
to the undersides of stacked tables.
D-A rubber dome can also be used
to cushion the swing of a door.
RUBBER
RUB
BER
-------..,
I
\
\
)..
I
9,
,.
Joining Rubber and Wood
93
COMMON METAL JOINTS

Here are several common metal joints.
Metal may be used for complete furniture pieces or for parts of furniture.
~~=-----
-J ..... - -
I
I
------ --
A-Union of pipe and metal strip secured with a locking pin
Band C-Sliding metal joints: Note that

either piece may be fixed in place with
screws.
D-Two metal strips joined by crosslap joint
E-Two metal strips fastened with

rivets
94
Common Metal Joints
COMMON METAL JOINTS

COLLAR
,----
A-Removable pipe joints held in place

with screws
B-Metal strip joint held in place

with bolts
WELDED
PIPE
WEL DE D
--------,
C-Welded pipe and strip joints

Common Metal Joints
D-Pipe joints using screwed ends

95
JOINING PLATE GLASS TO METAL
Method of applying plate glass to

metal frame
CORNER BRACKETS FOR PLATE GLASS
'"
---------------------------~
Glass box with wood base using metal

corners
Various ways of attaching metal

frames to glass
Joining Plate Glass and Metal
JOINING RUBBER TO METAL
..\
RUBBER
-----..::.:.~
........... '
,~-
~~
BACK SECTION
~-~-~------~\~------~
SIDE SEAT VIEW
A-Rubber supports can be applied between

metal frame and seat, and between frame and
back, to make the chair more comfortable.
"'----RUBBER
C-Rubber bumpers can be screwed to the

undersides of tables to protect the tops.
D-A protective rubber pad under a metal tray
Joining Rubber to Metal
97
BONDING SURFACING MATERIAL TO PLYWOOD
VERTICAL SECTION
A and B-Surfacing materials can be applied to only one side when the frame is
totally enclosed.
The sketches show the steps to be followed

in attaching surface material to plywood.
If the panel to be laminated is securely
fastened to the frame of the cabinet, only
the outer surface need be covered, but if
the panel is simply to rest on the frame, a
balance sheet must be applied to the under
surface to prevent warpage.
I
I
1. Smooth the plywood with sandpaper.

2. Cut the surfacing material carefully to
size with a saw. For a clean cut use clamps
and keep the saw as nearly parallel to the
surface as possible.
3. Place the surfacing material on the plywood to check the fit; shave off any excess.
4. A plastic adhesive and pressure give
the best contact bonding. Manufacturer's
instructions should be observed.
5. Roll the surface to insure a tight bond.
An ordinary rolling pin may be used.
6. When the surfacing is firmly bonded to
the plywood, edges may be beveled with a
file and metal molding applied, or strips of
the surfacing material may be applied to
the edges of the plywood.
98
! _____ :1
SUR fAe ING

MATERIAL
Bonding Surfacing Material
BONDING SURFACING MATERIAL TO CURVED SURFACES

BACKING SH EET TO PREVENT WARPAGE
--------------------,
----------~
PLASTIC SUR f' ACE
ADHESIVE
-
--~
--7
A-A plastic sheet can also be applied over a curved surface. Follow
the directions given on page 98 and
keep the plastic sheet bent until the
glue has dried. A wood form should
be used.
B, C, and D-Three methods of fastening plastic parts to wood
NAIL
MOLDED PLASTIC
Within their own domain, plastics possess at least as broad a range of properties as metals, and are capable of at
least as great a diversity of compositions. In general, they have the advantage that they can be molded in forms.
It is only comparatively recently that
plastics have come into common use
in the furniture field. Continuous research is being conducted in further
development of their many uses.
We do know enough about the characteristics of plastics today so that they
may be used with the assurance that
they will withstand wear. However, it
is best to check the specific characteristics of each plastic before using it.
E-Heat-treated plastic can be used
to form a curve.
F-A molded plastic chair: With
molded plastic, any desired form can
be obtained.
Bonding Surfacing Material
99
UPHOLSTERY WORK
Upholstering is an art in itself. While
most other operations in furniture
construction are done by machine, upholstery work is still done by hand.
Expert workmen have usually served
a long apprenticeship before acquiring the skill necessary for upholstering
a chair or divan. There are, however,
several ways that upholstery work can
be done by apprentices and amateurs;
for example, by substituting foam
rubber for the materials used in normal work.
'!>ee detail
C page
41
~----------
\1\
11\
\ 1\
\I \
\\
I shall not go into detail about upholstering, but I have illustrated several
types of frames, materials and methods of application. I have tried to simplify the presentation to enable even
the beginner to understand each
method.
The frame, in either wood or metal, is
the skeleton of the furniture piece.
Upon. its construction depend both
the comfort and the strength of the
chair.
A and B-Two different types of
bench frames
D-Frame for ~ebbing seat
C-Round frame covered with cardboard: The. }lpholstering material is
added later:
100
Upholstery Work
TYPES OF FRAMES
see detdil page 25
r-----------1\
I ,
I
I
I
I
WELDED
- -
--"\
'\
I \
I
Metal frame stool for cord or canvas

seat
See page 95 for details of joints.

RUBBER
, ",.----------
\ \L
I ____ _
WE L D EO
One example of a metal frame chair
The rubber supports between the seat

and back give elasticity to the seat.
Types of Frames
Common type of wooden chair frame that will

take an upholstered seat
101
TYPES OF FRAMES
see det'ail page 24
T----------
A-Wood frame for armchair with

seat and back upholstered.
B-Frame for an upholstered office

armchair. A swivel base may be substituted if desired.
I
1
\ \\ 1
\ \, I
31"
_____________'\1
'l
see detail
., ..
page 41
-- .....
8
102
- + - - - - - 24"----_+_
Types of Frames
CHAIR AND SOFA FRAMES

A-A modern armchair that will have
both seat and back upholstered
B-Frame for modern type of armless sofa, using an upholstered finish
for back and seat
,
",
,,
~
~ee detaIl p-a-g-.-22
..
\ SACk f"ABRfC
- -;+----------,
12~
\
I
SEAT fABRIC
~----------
__ 2'L-----------~
16~
+------26~------+_
.... .....
.....
'-------CONCAVE
RA I L
,\
\
"'------------see dt"tail A p a g l" 41
Chair and Sofa Frames
103
ARMCHAIR FRAME
Frame for modern armchair, with
loose seat construction. Increasing the
width will convert the same design to
a sofa.
t
8
11
\
\
\
\
30"
\,..... - "
- - - - - - - - - - - --
II
"
15
II
If: =- -=---- -= -=---=--= -=--=-=- == = "=
7"
4-
104
Armchair Frame
UPHOLSTERY TOOLS
WEBBING STRETCHER
The tools most commonly used in upholstery are shown here.
CURVED STEE.L NEEDLE
UPHOLSTERY MALLET
RIPPER AND TACK PULLER
UPHOLSTERY MATERIALS
Here are several types of springs used
in upholstery work.
E.XTENSION COT SPRING
NO-SAq,A SPRIN G
ZIGGER WI RE
~
COIL SPRINGS
UpholstelY Tools
105
JUT E
WEBBING
HORSE HAIR
018
PADDING
hfiiiiiiS)
COTTON SEWING TWINE

@5
L,
CiJ
LINEN SEWING TWINE
fA BRIC
. LEATHER
06
.~.
".
Upholstery Materials
A-Rubberized hair is a light and
elastic material of relative low cost
which is used in mass production. It
can be easily applied with staples or
tacks, and is available in the same
sizes as foam rubber.
B and C-Foa~ rubber is made from
liquid latex, which forms a cream-like
foam after being put through air pressure. It is then poured into molds of
desired size. In upholstery work it
gives better results than stuffing, and
is quicker and easier to use. Foam
rubber is made in different grades of
firmness, and the right grade should
be selected for the job to be done.
Solid-slab utility stock (B) comes in
many thicknesses from ~~ in. to 1~ in.
Cored utility stock (C) is molded
with cylindrical openings in the core.
Its thickness varies from % in. to 4Y2
in.
D-Full molded cushions can be purchased in a variety of sizes and
shapes.
E-Cut foam rubber with either scissors or band saw. Cutting is easier if
the scissors are dipped into warm
water.
F-Small pieces glued together with
rubber adhesive to form one large
piece
G-Flat stock glued to a slab
H-Full cushion made from cored

stock
I
I
,,
,,
---------::..
FLAT STOCK
Upholstery Materials
107
FOAM RUBBER
T AC KIN G TAP E
-------------71
",
/
/'
/ /,
I
,
\L
___ _
RUBBER
A-Method of applying tacking tape or adpesive-backed tape around the edges of a
'oam rubber slab, using cement.
D and E-In making contoured edges the

foam rubber should be cut % in. larger than
the piece being upholstered.
!B and C-Two different uses of tacking
The rubber cushion is cut 'l.I in. larger

than the piece it covers.
~ape:
~08
F and G-Another way of making a curved

edge
Foam Rubber
SEATS
The seat design is very important in upholstery work, for upon its construction depends the usefulness of the chair or divan.
Each seat must be made in accordance with
the type of frame to which it is attached. It
may be movable or fixed, light or heavy. A
wide variety of materials may be used.
A and B-Simple leather seats like these

are easily installed, as the details show.
c
/
..Q_It.Q_/
----.,I
I
I
I
I ,
C and D-Seats made with cord are expensive because they take time to make.
Seats
109
~EATS
<\ and B-Seats made with raffia in differ!nt designs.
:-JX type of canvas seat often used with

~teel
frames
)-Webbing seat used in modern furniure
STRAW RAF"F"IA I
OR
SE AGRASS .J/
_____________
-----------...,
\
\
'-----..:--CANVAS
. -" .;~
."
./
...'
.l
/ ..
-'
110
Seats
SEATS
VARIATION
r--------
A and B-Cane makes a good seat. Note

the alternate method of attaching the cane
shown in Diagram B.
C and D-Two different types of upholstered seat: Cushions are permanently attached to the chair frame.
IIY
i<
fABRIC
Seats
III
SEATS
These four seats are made independently
of the chair frame. In commercial work,
greater speed of assembly is possible when
frame and seat are made independently.
COT TON
PLYWOOD
-------..,, -------7
FABRIC
-------,
NO-SAG SPRIN G
,,
,
COT T ON
. I
FABRIC
o
,
L __________ _
ANGULAR CLIP
112
Seats
SEATS
Foam rubber may be used over a
number of other materials. Plywood
or cardboard may be used as shown
in (A) and (B). Rubber over webbing is used in (C).
,
\
------~
PERFORATED
PLYWOOD
~Q!!Q.~ B'yJ!~sl3, ~BlLD_B..9.8B!}
E811BlC
i,
FABRIC
MUSLIN COTTON
WEBBING
----_ -----,
------, RUBBER
-----, -----...,
'l
f))
S('
'::fT
::-l
~'I<
x
?SG)
J(" .A
~10
,,
~~
A
Seats
"
------~
FRAME
/
/
/
L / _____ _
CARDBOARD
113
SEATS
LOOSE
CUSHIONS
--------...;:::?
_/'/
/'
/
/
Rubber straps have been developed to

serve as springs. The two methods shown.
at right are recommended for. an.choring
the straps under loose cushio~s.: .
'<~:>-:--.
:~ms
_______ .J.
METAL CLI P
fRONT
\r
RAIL
I
I
I
~!! U_B_!I ~R_ _T~ ~!:S,
I
I
I
SEAT- BACK RAIL
Upholstered seats require crossing and

weaving of straps. The anchoring detail
shown at right for side' rails can also be
used for chair backs (see also p. 121).
----- - -----__/
CORNER MUST BE ROUNDED
./
SI DE RAIL
114
Seats
SEATS
Coil spring seats covered with rubber. (A)
is a tight seat. (B) is a heavy seat that is
suitable for an armchair or sofa.
Seats
115
SEATS
RUBBER OR DOWN
{:1
t
30
"
10"
+
6\\
-+------30\\ -----_+_
4-
Loose or independent seat construction

which may be used with an armchair or
sqfa
116
Seats
BACKS
WOOD
---------
The back of a chair is usually lighter

in construction and more rigid than
the seat. There are exceptions; sometimes the seat is of wood and the
back is upholstered. Like the seat, the
back :may be constructed in a number
of ways. I have illustrated a few of the
best methods.
A-Wooden
wood screws
back
attached
with
B--Canvas back, with sheet metal

screws inserted to keep the fabric
from sliding down the metal pipe
WEBBING
'.
C~Webbing back
D-Caneback
Backs
117
BACKS
STRAW RAFFIA
OR SEAGRASS
A-Straw, raffia, or seagrass used to form

back.
CORD
B-Cord back, easy to make
c
I
C-Simple upholstered back suitable for

modern furniture
D-Wood back covered with foam rubber

and fabric
118
Backs
BACKS
A-Foam rubber back over webbing
B-Foam rubber applied over a No-Sag
spring, with spring clip attached to the
frame in the usual position
C-Detail showing angular spring clip

Backs
119
UPHOLSTERY DETAILS
__L.8 -'~. _I! J _
A/,J'V""'"
_1:1_~"?_.b-_!_~
.\\0<~)CXXlll __ .c_Q.J_J_Q_~
~~~~~\-..R_~_~_~j:._R
~~m-tiQ:~_S!~~
~?SO<~_f-.R_ -I!.-~ _!;
CARDBOARD
=-~~~~=f~~f_IA~~
~~n~.~~~~~ __ X_~~_~_LC
A-Method of applying upholstery

material in the corner formed by the
seat and back
-/
B
fABRIC
_Q._l_!_9_~
__
BURLAP
/
ARM FRAME
BURLAP
----------HORSE HAIR
AND COTTON
MUSLI N
r A B RIC
B-One method of attaching the material where the arm meets the seat
120
Upholstery Details
CHAIR ANGLES
Man sits to read, work, rest, and eat. For
each purpose the furniture must be designed for the comfort of the sitter.
Whether it be a chair, armchair, or divan,
the correct angles cannot be calculated mechanically. The real proof of comfort and
approved angle can be checked only from
a completed model. In the examples shown
I have given the basic angles which have
been found to give satisfactory results.
F;-2~
C HA I R
*i. 'caO
I
DINING AND OrFICE

ARMCHAIR
r
1?"
19-
122
17"
21"
1
Chair Angles
CHAIR ANGLES
UPHOLSTERED
ARMLESS CHAIR
,
\
\
I,
15"
+---25.
Chair Angles
1
123
CHAIR ANGLES
t
6"
7"
'-; 8"~_""~-_;_,....-.22" -,-------+--j

~",
:.'
\
.
~'
30
25/ /
30"
'\
LOUNGE
_--_90
- ......
"
,,
CHAIR
r
15"
28" ----+---15"---4--17" -----<I-+---------'60" - - - - - - - - - +

4--_ _ _
124
Chair Angles
SECTION 2:
Furniture designs
INSTRUCTIONS FOR READ ING DRAWINGS

i
The <;lrawings used in this book have been

especially planned to help the home craftsman~ visualize the finished piece, its parts,
and the way they are fitted together. Each
design includes (a) a complete view of the
finished piece, (b) front, side, and sectional views as they would appear in a professional cabinet maker's drawings, and
(c) an exploded drawing, with parts
shown in detail for ordering and cutting.
Accompanying instructions give step-bystep,procedure for assembly.
Most of the construction details are standard, and are repeated in many different designs. Cross references clearly indicate the
Instructions
I
I
details to be used. Note, however, that letters identifying individual parts refer only
to the design in question.
Each set of drawings is accompanied by a
list of materials (complete except for
minor items of hardware) and a few words
suggesting possible applications.
Variations
The designs can be easily varied to fit individual needs by adding or omitting doors,
shelves, or units. Decorative moldings may
also be added, but it is not advisable for
beginners in woodworking to make
changes in basic construction.
125
FAMILY WORKBENCH
List 'of Materials

PART
NO.
FUNCTION
top
'2
thickness
DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
X
width
X
length
1%
24
48
back
V-i
27
35%
bottom
22
34lf2
side
22
27%
framing piece
1%
34lf2
framing piece
34lf2
door
17V-i
19
partition
5lf2
21
'-._:I-I' .
.
- ,_
base end
19%
base front
33
shelf
16
34lf2
21
drawer bottom
V-i
16%
drawer front
5lf2
16
17V-i
drawer back
drawer side
5%
21%
tool rack
15
Instructions for Assembly

1. Join side' (D) with bottom (C),
framing pieces' (E) and (F), and
partition (H).
2. Fasten back (B) and base (J-K)
to frame.
3. Fasten tool rack (R) to door (G).
4. Install door (G) and shelf (L).
5. Join drawer sides (Q) with front
and back (0) and (P).
6. Attach drawer bottom (M).
7. Place top (A) in position.
I
126
8. Install the vise.

9. Apply finish.
Family Workbench
--+
- + - - - - - - - - 48"
01
1.!: - -
__ 2.
I
32"
27f
0
)='j
-t- 6'-'- t - - - - -
-;
3"
3 6 " - - - - - - + - 6"-+
-t----24' -~---+
32"
,
,
I
//
/
I /
L:_ __________ _
~ee detdil~
Family Workbench
page 29
127
PROFESSIONAL WORKBENCH
List of Materials
PART
NO.
top
B
B'
FUNCTION
bench stop
bench stop
Ihiekne .. X widlh X lenglh
1V2 .
21
57
3
6
6
block
2V2
block
1V2
back
39
framing piece
2V2
39
framing piece
1V2
39
G
H
leg
30V2
side piece
13V2
.2
side piece
2V2
13V2
framing piece
14V2
. 1
17
bottom
39
'0
4 .-
drawer side
5V2
153,4
drawer back
1814
2
, ,'2
drawer bottom
!4
153,4
18%
drawer front
3,4
5V2
19V2
cleat
3,4
15
Ii
2"'~
1!
~
q
[J
[J
128
1. Join legs (H) with side pieces (J)

and (K).
2. Join legs (H) with back (E),
framing pieces (F) and (0), and
bottom (M).
3. Attach framing pieces (L) and
cleats (S).
4. Join top (A) to frame, insert
bench stops (B), and attach
blocks (C) and (D) and vise.
S. Build drawers by joining sides (0)
with front and back (P) and (R)
and attaching bottom (Q).
6. Apply finish.
Professional Workbench
3"
- + - - - - - - - - - - - 57' --------~+
~
--u-
II
~---~l~I
-u
32"
-
'--
L-
see detail'il page 22

--------, - - - - - - -----
'.._
Professional Workbench
129
TOOL CABINETS
-,"
.'
; List of
;,;~"
".
'~,
-;-t
'i~"'~
M'atedalsj
1. Join sides (C) with top and bottom (A) and (B).
2. Attach back (D).
3. Join base parts (G) and (H).
4. Instal~ doors (F).
5. Insert shelves (E).
6. Apply finish.
~'~~~ ~,<~'%_~~0" "":0.1:~~
Smaller cabinet
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
thickness X width X length
top
12
48
bottom
12
46%
side
3,4
12
291,4
back
1,4
29%
47V2
shelf
10
46%
door
231,4
28V2
1\
base end
10
base front
3,4
46
I
I
I
$e~ d~tdil 3 pdge 193

f,-- - - - - -----
1\ \
I ,
II
II
""
Variation for larger cabinet

C
side
back
shelf
door
.,
F
]1
\
\
'-=-::_----.-- - - - - - set' de tails page 58
30
Tool Cabinets
MAGAZINE RACK
~~'::;_';<I ..W;~"""I''<
~,Instructions
~~":Y~~,
PART
NO,
FUNCTION
'
~"/"
[,
~/~~
'{
for Assembly ,
"
,,:(
'<
'i'
",-;;,~.. j
side
13
25%
bottom
25 112
leg
114
21
+--10"-+
27"
1
l-j2~t-5"-j2(t 1
21"
Ii'_
1. Join leg pieces (C) in pairs.

2. Attach sides (A) to bottom (B).
3. Join legs to (A-B).
4. Apply finish.
+-
18"
H1~"
2sf
~1I
._
detdil 2
'ioee detdil 1
I,
I
r.------\
1\
I \
I \
.1
1
Magazine Rack
131
TEA TROLLEY
",
J,~29"
6f
~' ~
++-_ _ 16" --~+I -+3"
PART
NO.
shelf
15
26
side rim
26
end rim
rail
30
rail
3Y2
27
brace
15%
handle bar
% (diam.)
17
framing piece
16
whee_1
5 (diam.)
FUNCTION
16
+-1
1. Join shelves (A) with rims (B) and (C).

2. Join rails (D) and (E) and brace (F).
3. Join handle bars (G) and framing piece (H)
with rails (D) and (E).
4. Fasten wheels (J) to rails (E).
5. Fasten shelves (A) to frame with wood screws.
6. Apply finish.
!lecHon
'""~~~ de tcs i I
132
Tea Trdllely
TELEPHONE CABINET
NO.
FUNCTION
shelf
3,4
side
3,4
back
',4
C
0
detail 1
thickn ... X width X length
PART
15
15
14%
134
16V2
20
19
24
1. Join shelves (A) to sides (B).

2. Install back (C).
3. Join legs (D) in pairs, and attach assembly to
sides (B).
4. Apply finish.
see d~tai I 3 page 193

!t'
- - - - - - _ - -- _-'\
"
'\
I
''
"
\
\
,
\
,
\ \
\
\ \
\I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l
see detail 2 page 131

3'.
D~r
-: 1"
.t+--,,---1s'---ft-
8"
bottom of
Telephone Cabinet
I~g
133
FLOWER BOX
,---
screw
\
li~t of Mate;ials '

j
1etdil 1
- . "
PART
NO.
r'
FUNCTION
side
28%
7V2
28%
10
1%
15
bottom
3,4
end
4
40
leg
strip
Vi
~lnstructio~s-fdr:Ass~ml)i~J
1. Join sides (A) with bottom (B) and end (C).

2. Fasten strips (E) to sides (A).
3. Join legs (D) in pairs, and attach assembly to
side (C).
4. Apply two !Foats of roofing cement to inside of
box.
5. Apply finish to exterior.
,"
~---- 30" ---~I4-~
1
134
Flower Box
END TABLE 1
List of Moter'iols
.
PART
NO,
'.
FUNCTION
shelf
shelf
shelf
side
13
13
13
2%
side
2V2
side
2V2
support
pedestal
2%
C
D
F
G
H
1
2
2
2
2
2
18
24
30
18
24
30
22
22

/
L Attach sides (D), (E), and (F)

to shelves (A), (B), and (C).
2. Join supports (0) with pedestals
(H).
3. Fasten supports (0) to sides (D),
(E), and (F).
4. Apply finish.
SeE'
detail 1
detail 1
~E
\
'\
______ ~~ i
Sf'' d'tails i
page241
-+-
I"
+22
r
25"
2"2
~'"
16"
End Table 1
135
END TABLE 2
..
, ,,_.
~'"
list of Materials
~
,.';;,'
PART
Z;"
NO.
thickne .. X width X length
FUNCTION
15
15
1V-!
1V-!
1V-!
2
1V2
2
top
top
support
leg
leg
1V-!
1V-!
1V-!
rail
rail
rail
15
,
30
7V-!
16 V-!
24V-!
12V2
13
25
1. Join legs (D) and (E) to rails (F)

and (G).
2. Join cross rail (H) to end rails
(F).
3. Attach top (B).
4. Join support (C) to top (B).
5. Fasten top (A) to rail (G) and
support (C).
6. Apply finish.
,
I
I
I
_ _ _ _ _ _ __l_
. 0
wood strew
4----------30-'--------~
-t3"+---- 27"------t-
E\
\
\
/~-;
I
~
II
\I
1,1
----------y
see detail 1 page137
'TIIT'
II
I~=====-=~=-==-=:::.=il
II
II
::
II
II
1.....I-&I_ _ _- ' - -_ _ _.....

)J,LoJ
tI
rlr~t: 2~
+--11"--+
Jl
_/tI
'----15--,--,
.'
136
j_' 0
a;
1t'
ti 1 1
1~'
1-!'
4
16+
r1
''
1--_ _ _ _ _ _---1
t
1
17"
End Table 2
10
END TABLE 3
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
top
3,4
15
rail
3,4
12%
leg
1%
1%
16%
rail
3,4
25
30
.\
1. Attach legs (C) to rails (B).

2. Attach cross rails (D) to end rails (B).
3. Fastentop (A) to rails (B) with wood screws.
4. Apply finish.
\
\
I~
\
\
~ ..\
/
I
/
IL ______ _
'!.u detail 1
t[~
detail 1
---- --~
--~-- -~ ~1
12~'
i .t====================l
I I
if.L __ ~ ___________ ~ j
P
11' 1~
24~'---++-,_
1~ 1i
r
j
+ - - - - - 3 0.. _ _ _ _
End Table 3
L
,
r
16~
~1_+__--15.
-_+_
137
11
COFFEE TABLE 1
thickneu X width X lengfh
FUNCTION
PART
NO.
top
3,4
18
48
leg
20
brace
rail
13
detail 1
bottom of leg
1. Join legs (B) with braces (C).
2. J ojri legs (B) with rails (D).
3. Attach top (A) to (B) and (C) with wood
4.
.screws.
'Apply finish.
+--12"--+
D
"t
~
2 .Wi. ='.
.f
+-- 13''---+
:1~
-+:,-,..----
18'--___.,_
15"
t~
48"
-+4'+- - - - - - 4 0.. -------+4'~
17"
1
138
Coffee Table 1
12
COFFEE TABLE 2
PART
NO.
A
B
C
0
FUNCTION
top
V2
18
42
rail
2% 30
rail
2%
13
leg
15V2
1. Join legs (D) with rails (C).
2.
3. Apply finish.
4. Set plate glass top (A) in place.
r
1
=r 1'
3{'
~
"
2"
16"
\i
10'
4-
~ ..I
15"
it
18"
'"
+----,,----::--.- 30"
. 1Si" .
helided
ndit
,-----,
1i
,s-
LiU:az . .
2"
rub be r-
29"
42"
I"
4i
;D
t2t2~~
y-- 13'---+
o
dt'tail 1
Coffee Table 2
139
SIDE TABLE
13
de tail 1
tt
42" -
2l
1'1
+-15-+
+=+-
IDllDl?D~1
'ART
30"
1"
top
3,4
rail
3,4
rail
*,
2
4
bottom
'F
side
%
Y2
1
2
1
1
drawer front
3,4
drawer side
drawer bottom
drawer back
J
K
,,
FUNCTION
A
C
NO.
leg
15
42
4
23
4
1i
2Y:z 30
12
13
4
12
3% 13
3Y:z 11%
llY:z 12Y:z
3
12%
'
o :/ "
," , ,.
, I
"
"
",'
",
",
,~
[------ ----!>ee de tdil 1
140
Side Table
14
EXTENSION DINING TABLE
PART
FUNCTION
NO.
thickness
width
length
top
3,4
30
42
14
30
extension top
leg
28 ',4
37~
side rail
3~
E, E'
end rail
3V2
25Y2
rail
26V2
guide
24
extension support
114
114
30
c
bottom of "0
Extension Dining Table
141
de ta i I
- - - - - - 4 2 " ------,.----+--- 14"

)
.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
:
I
I
I
I
I
,.
-----~
I
I
I
I
I
I
II_______ ._______________ .:-:dJL

.u:
I: _______
I
I~
------42"
I
I
JI
-+------- 30"
o
29"
142
1. J oJn legs (C) with side rails (D).
2. Join rails (E) and (F) with (C-D).

3. Fasten guides (G) and top (A) to frame with
wood screws.
4. Insert extension supports (H) and extension top
(B).
5. Apply finish.
(~
o-+-t_3_____
31~ _____3_,'+f-~~!3f
28~
I
/
/
wood screw
--- -- -----< ,,
I
",
'j
I I
L
I
ll,
I I'
I I
I I
II
II
II
II ,/
II /
I
[.----;------!:lee de tdll 1 page 142
c
143
TELEVISION TABLE
IS
NO.
"'RT
21
thickn... X width X length
top
A.
FUNCTION
block
leg
3A
14
14
1%
3A
30
36
Cut diagonally to make four.

Four pieces cut from one sheet of plywood.
1. Join legs (C) with top (A).

2. Attach corner block (B) to (A) and (C).
3. Apply finish.
I
I
I
\
\ 'L.
I
___ _
~trew\
31..___c____
.,.-",_.-
---- .... _
'
r<:-I
I
"
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'- .... r~~'",~t>::'
3 ,"
18" ---+4+1 \22" ----+~
I
I
I
22"
1
44
Television Table
16
RECORD' STORAGE CABINET
PART
NO.
'1
FUNCTION
thickn ... x width X length
top;
3,4
11
36
shelf
3,4
13
34%
bottom
3,4
16
34%
side
3,4
16
2514
back
25% 35%
partition
10 3/.1
13
partition
13
153,4
leg
13,4 (Diam.)
1.
2.
3.
4.:
5.:
+---.,----- 36" - - - - - _ + _
Fi===~;:::;r:r::=:::::;:r====n=~
t!
Join shelf (B) with partitions (F) and (G).

Join bottom (C) with partitions (G); sides (D).
Attach top (A) to (F) and (D).
Fasten back (E) and legs (H) to bott9m (C).
Apply finish.
+-11"
-+-5"+
11i"
f
1~'
H
34"
8"
+
8"
Record Storage Cabinet
145
17
RADIO CABINET 1
List of Materials
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
thickness
width
length
lid
17'4
30%
lid
34
15
17'4
back.
11
46V:z
front
34
10'4
46V:z
side
11
18
partition
9V:z
16V2
bottom
16V2
46V:z
support
34
motor board
V2
15
rail
36
1!1
16V2
rail
14
rail
2V:z
14
brace
1%
leg
16

1. Join bottom (G) with (C) and (D).
2. Install partition (F) and sides (E).
3. Attach cleats (H) to box and fasten
motor board (J) to (H).
4. Attach lids (A) and (B) to back (C)
with hinges.
146
5.
6.
7.
8.
Attach braces (0) to legs (P).

Fasten legs (P) to rails (L) and .(M).
Join cross rail (K) to end rails (M).
Fasten leg assembly to cabinet with
wood screws.
9. Apply finish and install equipment.
Radio Cabinet 1
see detdils page 58
,-----------II
I~
"\'\'
""
\\\
~I
t
11"
13"
I'ZDlf
-+3"+,. - - - - -
42"
-------+3'+._
,
I.
,,
1"
,"
-l~-+l-- 16" - - - H -
-+----18" - - +
"I,
I,
"
"0
J" J
II
II
~~------~~----------------
lj""
15"
If
+ - - - - - - - ' - - - 48"
Radio Cabinet 1
30~
3"
I~
1
147
18
RADIO CABINET 2
list of Materials
PART
NO.
fUNCTION
thickness
X
width
X
longth
top
18-
48
bottom
18
46%
shelf
17%
46Y2
side
18
22~
back
22%
47%
partition
9Y2
17%
partition:
.' front
11~
'9%
30%
15
door
11~
24
door
11 ~
23~
drawer back
Y2
14
drawer side
17%
drawf;lr front
9Y2
15
motor board
cleat
leg
148
15
17
Y2
2 (diam.)
17
4
Radio Cabinet 2
y.
il
23"
Jl~
-+- 'it
36"
6"'-4-
l
18"
It~
15"
30~
!I~
48
1
"(II
TJ
27"
detail 1
Spe6ker cabinet
See list of materials and instructions for

assembly page 151; for legs see page 150.
Radio,Cabinet 2
149
hole'!> for ventila~ion

,/~----------
,/
1\
'!>ee detail'!> pag() 29
--r------------
1\
I
I
I
'!>eEl dEltail!. page 58
--'\'"--\
--- -----
,
\
!
-
---
1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and shelf
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(C) with sides (0) and partitions (F)

and (G).
Fasten back (E) and cleats (Q) to
(0) and (F).
Fasten legs (R) to bottom (B).
Attach front (H) to bottom (B) with
hinges.
Join sides (M) of record player drawer
to back and front (L) and (0).
Fasten motor board (P) to (L-M-O).
Install sliding doors (J) and (K).
Apply finish.
Install equipment.
150
Radio Cabinet 2
19 . I
,I
SPEAKER CABINET
....
"
--_
" "-
\
\
,
'......
"'----_""
,/
r---------l
I
L ________
_j
-t--
28"
12~--+
-list of Materials
PART
fUNCTION
NO.
top
12
28
12
341,41
26%
side
bottom
12
bock
3,4
26V2 30%
. toeplote 2
molding
V2
%; 30V2
molding
%i 25%
V
V'
1
2
; 26%
For variation on page 149 use 31 'A.

For variation on page 149, substitute legs (R), page 148.
"
I
\ \ v_____
_
molding
1. Join top (Q) and bottom (S) with sides (R).

2. Attach cleats (V), back (T), and toeplate (U).
~. Apply finish.
4. Line speaker enclosure with insulation.
S. Inptall equipment.
6. Install baffle (T).
7. Apply protective fabric over (T) and cover tacks
with molding (V_V/).
Speaker Cabinet
151
OPEN-SHELF BREAKFRONT
20
dlltail
PART
NO.
dlltail
!"ieknon X wid!" X leng!"
FUNCTION
shelf
12
45
top
15
45
bottom
15
43Y2
side
%
1,4
15
211,4
21 V2 44V2
back
shelf
13
separator
14% 43V2
partition
door
%
3,4
143.4
15 3,4 22 3,4
door
15% 213.4
43V2
drawer front
drawer back
%
1,4
141,4
20~8
.4
,14 3,11
71
drawer bottom
drawer side
.4
supports
%
- 11,4
21%
3Y2 20Y2
IVarlahon:
..
Ca b'Inet Wit
. hout. d rawers
"
Eliminate drawer parts and partitions (G) and (H).

Revise doors as follows:
J and K 2
~
,_
3,4
doors
1 ,11
20V2 2P,4
-Instructions for Assembly .

i
I
1
I
,I
'L _______ _
wood screw
152
{~;
1. Join top (B), bottom (C), and separator (G)

with partition (H), side (D) and back (E).
2. Join supports (Q) in pairs.
3. Fasten (Q) to shelves (A) and side (D).
4. Join drawer side (P) with front and back (L)
and (M).
5. Install drawer bottom (0).
6. Insert shelf (F) and drawers.
7. Apply finish.
Open-Shelf Breakfront
Q
~.!~etaiI1
page152
--------"
/,
""
Q ""
"
',\1
,,\1
',\1\L/ ___ --.
LI ________ _
________ _
see details page
see detcul 2 page 152
1t'
..
1t
1t-----45 ---:..._
."
.
"1i
-++-12 -#-
..
1~
+-----4~:'-------+
-t-15 -+
79
71"
I
0
10
Il
Open-Shelf Breakfront
. .
. .
4-la'
+
0 0
1/"
153
21
CABINET 1
list of Materials
'<.'
'>~"
J.
',.,
y'
';..!
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
top
15
42
40%
bottom
15
side
15' 21 %
--------------------------D
2
partition
%
14% 20V2
back
21 % 41 V2
shelf
3~
13
cleat
door
panel
13
%
13
13
15%
9% 12
separator
13
drawer front
drawer back
3% 12M!
drawer bottom
12% 14%
14%
13
drawer side
top
15
24
bottom
3~
15
22%
side
9%
back
9% 23%
sliding door
sliding door
u
v
w
8%
154
1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and
separator (K) with sides (C) and

partitions (D).
2. Install back (E).
3. Attach cleats (G) to sides (C)
and partitions (D).
4. Fasten panels (J) to doors (H).
5. Fasten doors (H) to frame.
6. Install shelf (F).
7. Join drawer sides (0) with front
(L) and back (M).
8. Install drawer bottom (P).
9. Join top and bottom (Q) and
(R) to sides (T) and back (U).
10. Fasten doors (V) and (W) to
frame.
11. Apply finish.
12. Set both pieces on bench.
14%
+-10~-+
15
11 %
1.
. 1
1S!
d~tall
1
+--13---+
door sec t ion door front view
Cabinet 1
\
0)
J l
\
I
II
\
0)
0
'----.:...
1
~
42"-
6 0"
-r3~-------------
.-
--
~-~
I
I
I
I-
12" 12"
24'U
10"
.,
1-11
3+
rr
.....
I
I
I
I
13" 15"-
I
I
I
I
1--
11"

~:::::.:---
"
I'
.......
-- -------
_....
"
I
I
"
I.
f
!
I
I
I
I
fPg
I
-----------_/
bench see page164
Cabinet 1
--- _
-~..:.
_ -----y
see detail 1 page 1S4
155
22
CABINET 2
list of Materials
FUNCTION
PART
NO.
top
18
60
bottom
18
58%
side
18
20%
back
20% 59%
173,4 19%
partition
3,4
shelf
16
19
door
19
19Y2
cleat
Y:z
drawer bottom
1,4
18% 171,4
drawer side
drawer back
4% 17%
4% 18Ys
drawer front
3,4
4"s 19
cleat
brace
1%
leg
11,4
13
rail
11,4
12Y2
17
% 17%
Variation: Cabinet without drawers.

\
Eliminate drawer parts; add additional shelf (F)

and additional door (G).
For support use bench on page 164.
I
bottom of ltog
1. Join top (A) and bottom (B)

with sides (C), partitions (E),
and back (D).
2. Attach brace (Q) to leg (R).
3. Attach (Q-R) to rails (S).
4. Fasten leg assembly to cabinet.
5. Attach cleats (H) and (P) to
sides (C) and partitions (E).
6. Join drawer side (L) with back
(M) and front (0).
7. Install bottom (K).
8. Install door (G).
9. Apply finish.
10. Insert shelves (F) and drawers.
156
Cabinet 2
\ee detail 3 page 193
,f\----------
I'" \
\
I '
I I
I'
I
t~
_______ j
\\11
\l"e dl"~ail
21" ;
+33
12-1
+,
so"
-+s"
Cabinet 2
48-
k- _b_! ~ ~ ~ _\!! _P~ '!_l"_ '_6~_
+-t8'~
21",
32"
+11"
6'+ -+
;y-15" -V-
rT
1
157
23
DESK 1
PART
NO.
1
2
4
2
FUNCTION
top
G
H
1
2
2
2
2Y2
2%
2
83,4
cross rail
side
front, back
Y2
partition
v..
3,4
bottom
0
p
3,4
3,4
%
%
bottom
leaf
2
2
2
22
leg
K
M
3,4
side rail
leaf
side
front, back
partition
%
%
%
v..
8
4v..
4v..
33,4
133,4
13
11
11
10
29%
46
26
17
17
16
16
9
8%
22
16
16
14
13%
1. Join legs (C) with cross rails

(B).
2. Join rails (D) with legs (C).
3. Attach bottom (F) to sides (G)
and front and back (H).
4. Insert partitions (J).
5. Fasten leaf (E) to side (G).
6. Join bottom (L ) to sides (M)
and back and front (0).
7. Attach leaf (K) to side (M).
8. Insert partitions (P).
9. Fasten top (A) to rails (B).
10. Attach compartments to frame
with wood screws.
11. Apply finish.
I
I
I
I
I
I
:C
bottom of leg
detdil 1
158
Desk 1
52"
):-
l..._
- -----r----,
-
- - + - - - - 22" ------1"-
J~
r,_--J
n
u
L-n
...
LJ
29
l
~ I
---=.-
[::~--
II
I
I
I
r=====-==--=J
e~~====~l
II
'
:
Ii-
l,
Desk 1
-...:====::r::i
----------------:.:1=-----29 11
14"
42'~~"-+3'
-----, I
It
.,
I
-- ---------
--+
l
17"
2!!'2-
1"
159
24
DESK 2
list of Materials
thickne.. X width X length
PART
NO.
top
3A
24
45
rail
11M
40
brace
13
leg
1v..
2% 28.1M
side
3A
17
bottom
3A
13Y2 23
back
3,4
13Y2 15%
support
3A
support
drawer fron'
3A
13%
drawer back
3Y2
12%
drawer side .
21%
drawer bottom
1M
13
21%
fron'
10% 13%
back
side
10% 12%
10 3A 21%
parHtion
1M
10
FUNCTION
23
A1
13Y2
% 20 3A
284
de ta i I
0
++
1"
13
lnstructio'ns for Assembly
Attach legs (D) to rails (Bf

loin rails (B).
loin braces (C) toraHs (B).
Fasten top (A) to frame with
wood screws.
S. Join compartment top and bottom
(F) and drawer support (H) to
compartment sides (E) and back
1.
2.
3.
4.
(G).
6. Fasten drawer supports (K) to

sides (E).
7. Construct drawers by joining sides
(T) with front (Q) and back (R),
and attaching bottom (P) and
partition (U).
8. Attach drawer compartment to
rails (B).
,9. Apply finish.
160
Desk 2
o
\
\
,
\
\ , \\
o ',\
\
'~3
________
!tee detail 1
r- - - -- -- -- -- - - ----- -- - - -I
I
I
I
1
I
-----1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L
_
I ________
I
,
.J-_ _ _
I
24 - - - - +
IT
I
.
29"
Desk 2
t\
I'
3"
__________________
I
1
4 5"
I
0
,,"
161
ZS
STOOL
ART
NO.
-----
thickness X width ~ length
FUNCTION
V2
13%
22%
top
side
22
-4
leg
12
rail
14
foam rubber
13% 22V2
~.
15"
12"
20"
,"
22i
1"If
,.1"
14"
16"
II
~-~
It
:
I
I
/,
I
/~
/ /
/ //
I //
' /
/
IL.~ _ _________ _
see de t ai I 1 page 190
bottom of leg
1.
2.
3.
4.
Join sides (B) with legs (C).

Attach rails (0) to (B-C) . .
Apply finish.
Apply foam rubber (E) to top
(A).
5. Fasten (A) to frame .
.62
Stool
26
BENCH 1
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
A
B
see detail 1
:'l
1\-------
,,
,'
\
top
thickneu X width X length
48
15
2% 34
rail
leg
brace
2V2
1514
48
15
cushion'
) Foam rubber.
", \\,
"
-----~
see detaIls page- 26
-------;-
I~~<G?~I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Attach legs (C) to rails (B).

Join rails (B).
Attach braces (D) to rails (B).
Fasten top (A) to frame.
Apply finish.
Add cushion (E).
ell'
j.
tai I
y'
18"
16"
~
~6"
Bench 1
't
36"
48"
6"4-
15"
1
163
27
BENCH 2
dt"tail 1
ART
NO.
FUNCTION
15
.48
top
rail
2V2 3.4
.4
leg
brace
2%
cushion 1
E
1
15
15%
9
j]
dt"tail 2
.48
Foam rubber.
rariation: Bench for furniture base.

A.
top
side rail
.4
leg
end rail
rung
11
3
60
60 '
9
2%
2%; 11
% (diam.)
12
1. Attach legs (C) to side rails (B).

2. Attach (B-C) to top (A), end
rails (D), and rungs (E).
3. Apply finish.
4. Add cushions.
:;4
Bench 2
~l"_~_ C!e_t~~
,//
! --pagl" 164
----
+--13"
12"
It
-+
-_
12 9"
~ ++-6~W
.
-
........
--
60"
2Ld
rf
TcA r
,"
2I
18"
18"
60"
'fxI
{
i
1" -r
13"
1J
-=-------J.u
42"
9~
T
12"
i l~~
-H
~--'6" ~.-~,
..I "'-t
,"
_ _ _ _ ____.L__
i'f
t
rt
3"
'18"
Bench 2
165
28
SECTIONAL BOOKCASE
detdil 3 page 193
-see-----------;.71'
detclil
PART
NO.
side
12
22V2
back
1f.&
11 V2
23%
top. bottom
12
12
shelf
10V2 11%
cleats
V2
V2 11
FUNCTION
-+-12''--+
->-12'--+
24"
1.
2.
3.
4.
Join sides (A) to top and bottom (C).

Attach back (B).
Attach cleats (E) to sides (A) and shelf (D).
Apply finish.
For bench shown in smaller drawing. see page 164.

166
________~
~I
3"
L -______
Sectional Bookcase
29
PART
CHAIR
NO.
FUNCTION
30
(all)
36
Enlarge drawing of parts and trace on plywood as

indicated.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Join center piece (A) with cross piece (B).

Fasten braces (E), (F), and (G) to center (A).
Attach back (C) to brace (G).
Fasten seat (D) to (A-B).
Apply finish.
13li
t~
31"
17r"2-
y--14"
Chair
11 1"
167
30
DINING SET 1: TABLE
List of Materials
PART
NO.
1
2
4
2
2
B
C
D
FUNCTION
top
side
leg
114
114
114
side rail
end rail
30
60
1% 60
214 2814
514 45
3
25

1. Join top (A) to sides (B).
2. Attach legs (C) to side 'rails (D)
and end rails (E).
3. Fasten top (A) to end rails (E).

4. Apply finish.
168
Dining Set 1: Table
'!lee detail 1
------~
detail 1
~ __~~~!~n~p~~~3!
31~'
11
29"
,
-,
I
J
J
,I
I
:C
I
I
.,
bottom of leg
-t- 6'-+-------'-----
t ~--~----~--~--_r--------~r_
S'
1
23'
.
Dining Set 1: Table
169
DINING SET 1: ARMCHAIR
31
I'ARl
NO.
thickness )( width X length
leg
Y2
31
seat
B'
seat'
leg
24
arm
1 Y2
14
rail
1%
19%
rail
19%
rail
1 Y2
15Y2
detail 1
fUNCllON
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
19%
17
19%
17
Foam rubber.
Attach rails (D) to legs (A).

Attach legs (C) to arms (D).
Attach cross rails (G) to end rails (F).
Join back rails (E) and end rails (F) to (A-CD).
Apply finish.
Apply upholstery to seat (B).
,
Attach seat (B) to rails (F) and (G).
Apply upholstery to back.
-+---- 22" - - - - + -
-+-_ _ _ 21~
----+
7"
2"
-R-
1""
f~'jFJ IR+a t1~
-+---14"--T-
24"
7"
1i
t2"
#iW~e;;. .
-+---- 19~; ---+
1_Lm~~~t31" 6======1
17"
1
170
Dining Set 1: Armchair
see detail
detdil
1 page 174
!\-- --- - -- -- - - ---
'\
,
\
\I
,\
,
,, ,,
,
>
I
\
1/
I I
\
\
/ I
I I
C \
I I
"
,I
/1
,/
l _______ _
~ee detail
\ 'LI _______ _
see
d e td i I 2
upholstered 'bae k
.,
Dining Set 1: Armchair
171
32
PART
DINING SET 1: SIDE CHAIR
NO.
FUNCTION
leg
rail
rail
3,4
rail
3,4
leg
seat
F'
seat'
V2
31
2%
15
13
114
13
17
15
17
15
17
, Foam rubber.
,------------\,
\~,
'
,' " , ,I
\, 't
14"
I--
/-
17"
1+--17"----+1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Join legs (A) with rails (B).

Attach legs (E) to rails (B).
Attach rails (C), (D) to (A-B-E).
Apply finish.
Apply upholstery to back and
foam rubber to seat.
6. Attach seat (F) to rails (C).
172
Dining Set 1: Side Chair
33
DINING SET 2: SIDE CHAIR
Im<:iJ~1
'.4RT
NO.
FUNCTION
rail
leg
leg
rail
rail
rail
G
G'
1
uphol 'i>t
ere d
seat
seat'
1(2
%
V2
16
4
32
1% 17%
16
2
14
2
34 16
15% 18
15 34 18
Foam rubber.
1. Join legs (B) and legs (C) to rails (E) and (F).
2. Attach rails (A) and (D) to sides (B) and legs
(C).
3. Apply finish.
4. Apply upholstery (G') to seat (G).
5. Fastenseat (G) to rails (D).
'i>eat
'i>ee detail 1 page 174
-----------"1
"
I
I
,1
,',
, I
---
lS"
+ - - - 21" - - - +
Dining Set 2: Side Chair
+---18"---+
173
34
DINING SET 2: ARMCHAIR
17~
~I
Add the following pieces to the list on pa_ge 173:

NO.
FUNCTION
arm
11,4
arm support
11,4
I>
-I;'
~:I
14V2
,"
I~stru~tio~~ for A~se~bly I~

~
~:
~"~ "
~ ~
4'
I. Join sides (B) and legs (C) with rails (E) and
(F).
2. Attach rails (A) and (D) to sides (B) and legs
(C).
3. Attach arms (H) to supports (1) and ,fasten
(H-J) to (B) and (E).
4. Apply finish.
5. Cover seat (0) with upholstery.
6. Attach seat (0) to rails (D).
174
Dining Set .2 : Armchair
!>ee detail 1 page 174
------------")
I'
1\
detail
+--,----17"--_+_ 4"-+ +1+-1- - 18" -----+-+1"
7"
".
-----
------
7"
32~
18"
-+----Dining Set 2: Armchair
+1-+-___
21" ___
20,,_ _
-+
175
3S
DINING SET 2: TABLE
PART
NO.
1
2
4
2
2
C
0
see detail 2 ~c
--------"
.r'
FUNCTION
top
end
3,4
leg
11,4
rail
11,4
brace
36
52%
2
36
21,4 29
42
3
19
3
1. Attach legs (C) to cross rails (D).

Fasten rails (0) together at notch
Attach braces (E) to rails (0).
Fasten ends (B) to top (A).
Fasten top (A) to rails (0) with wood screws.
6. Apply finish ..
2.
3.
4.
5.
detail 2
4-----36"---+
176
Dining Set 2: Table
EASY CHAIR
36
+- 7"
r"tmrc:1l~ 1
NO.
FUNCTION
back leg
1%
19%
front leg
1%
21
1% 20%
2
22%
arm
1%
support
1%
top
2%
20V2
22
6%
20%
front rail
back rail
2
2
PART
21"
side
3,4
19%
side rail
3A
26
13"
16"
fI'
- + - - - - 258
----4.-
7 yd. common webbing; 4 yd. "No-Sag" spring; 20

extension springs; 21/2 yd. fabric; 1 piece foam rubber
1 in. thick and 23 x 40 in.
23"
1. Attach back legs (A) and front

legs (B) to arms (C).
2. Attach support (D) to front legs
(B).
3. Apply finish.
4. Join sides (H) with top (E) and
back rail (G).
.
5. Attach rails (F) and (G) to side
rail (K).
6. Apply webbing to back, and springs
to seat.
7. Attach upholstery material.
8. Bolt back rails (G) together.
9. Attach assembly (A-B-C) to back
(H) and side rail (K).
Easy Chair
177
detail
S(>E'
de tail 1
,---------
detail 3
detail 2
178
Easy Chair
TWO OR THREE SEATER SETTEE
37
Use list given on page 177, with these variations:

Two Seater Settee
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
support
top
back brace
front rail
2
2
2
back rail
70V2
72
Additional materials for 2 Seater
70V2
13 yards webbing; 8 yards No-Sag

spring; 30 ex'tension springs; one
piece rubber I ~ in. thick and 40 by
49 in.; 4~ yards fabric.
24
20
Three Seater Settee

0
support
top
front rail
back rail
seat brace
back brace
+- 7"
21"
11,4
+ - - - - - 24" - - - - +
2V2 72%
seat brace
11,4
2%
4
6%
4
F
L
2V2 48%
2% 46V2
4
48
~% 46%
24
4
20
~
I
Additional materials for 3 Seater
20 yards webbing, 12 yards No-Sag

spring; 50 extension springs; one piece
rubber 1 ~ in. thick and 40 by 73 in.;
6~ y~rds fabric.
For both pieces follow instructions on
page 177.
4Sf 2 S(taITl~
1,18
~"
-+-4~--------- 721" 3 Seater" - - I
r-,
1
1
;:
I
) !f
l1
j-J
rl :
29"
M/ L
Two or Three Seater Settee
179
t------
28"------+
72"
I
J
29"
22"
_.1_
48"
1
1
!,
I
13"
29"
16"
I
I
Armless Chair, 2 or 3 Seater Settee
181
39
ARMCHAIR
FUNCTION
thickness
X
X
width
length
PART
NO.
arm
114
21
back leg
114
4V2
22
front leg
114
21%
rail
23
side
25
side rail
24
top
21 Va
back rail
2V2
21 Va
front rail
21 Va
support
J
K
Also required: 7 yds of common webbing; 4 yds of No-Sag spring; one piece of foam rubber lYz
in. thick and 23 in. by 21 in.; and one rubber cushion 5 in. thick and 22 in. by 23 in.
~~..;
.:t.r~.
.~
~
::-.-.... -"
~
.... ~--
. ..
~"
.f
:'
_ .r
.'
- .'
1. Join arm (A) with legs (B) and

(C).
!2. Join legs (B) and (C) with rails
(D).
3. Apply finish.
4. Join sides (E) to side rails (F).
5. Join (E-F) with top (G), back
rail (H), and front rail (J).
6. Install support (K).
7. Install webbing and No-Sag
springs.
8. Apply upholstery and fasten upholstered seat and back to frame.
9. Install cushion.
182
Armchair
set" detail 1 page 178
r - - - - - ._- - - - - - I
\
see detail 4
G '.
r-------
!ocrt"w
~----
p age 180
I
I
I,
,
,,
\
\
ID"
t \........
4"
.:
.
+L--------''
4-----24"---~
12J
26"
2"
t t
7"
+
a"
+
t
5-
130"
23"
10"
30"
Armchair
1~"
44----
1~"
23" ---~
183
BED SETTEE
40
mmeJ~
PART
NO.
side rail
3V2 74
end rail
3% 30
seat
leg rail
cleat
cleat
leg
back support
17
2
21
corner block
side
5%
11
brace
11
back rail
3% 72
fUNCTION
28
72
28
70
28
1'4
2V2
8%
back rail
5% 72
back support
12
74
(foam rubber)
1'4
(rubber mattress) 5
-30
74.
Seven yd. fabric; ten yd. webbing

1
Cut diagonally to make four.
d eo t a i I
-r-v-r
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~-c=::~~~
I
I
I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Join side rails (A) with end rails (B).

Attach leg rails (D) to side rails (A).
Install corner blocks (J).
Fasten legs (G) to leg rails (D).
Attach cleats (E) and (F) to rails (A) arid
(B).
6. Join sides (K) and braces (L) to back rails

(M) and (0).
7. Apply upholstery.
8. Bolt back support (H) to side rail (A).
9. Attach seat (C) to frame.
lO. Fasten back support (P) to upholstered back
and to support (H).
11. Install mattress.
184
Bed Settee
t-- S " - + - - 23" - - - +
74" - - -
C_
t
11"
I I
~I
7'2."'
OPEN fOR BED
see detail 1 -page

184
---
..,-------
dE'tail
J
~
\ It
. J /
\ 1/
-T..Ji:.-, -see dl?tdll 2
Bed Settee
185
DRESSING TABLE 1
41
NO.
PART
E
F
thielen.1I X width X 1.ngth
fUNCTION
top
14
42
bottom
14
40%
4%
end
leg
23
cross rail
28
I I I
10
I I I
I I I
drawer front
3% 13
drawer side
3% 13%
drawer back
drawer bottom
frame
2, -"--frame.
~
"
".
.'Or
mirror back
R'- ',:
par~ition
15
20
15
20
,,
I
Mil,
I
I I
I
I I I
I :
I , ).
6l-
12% 13%
1% 16
I
I
: ' I
12%
1% 21
1 . mirror
I
I
4% 41%
end rail
r------
I
I
back
1M I RROR
I
14
PLYWOOO
r------
It(.
3% 13%
.,
.;
\
,.
~ ~
f
I
I
I
,
,
I
I
I
E:
I
bottom of leg
186
1. Join top (A) a"nd bottom (B)

with ends (C), partitions (R),
and back (D).
2. Attach legs (E) to end rails (G).
3. Attach cross rail (F) to end rails
(G).
4. Fasten legs (E) to bottom (B)

with wood screws.
5. Join drawer sides (1) with
drawer fronts (H) and drawer
backs (K).
6. Attach drawer bottom (L) to
sides (1).
7. Join mirror frame pieces (M)
and (0).
8. Fasten plywood back (Q) and
mirror (P) to frame (O-M).
9. Attach mirror frame (0) to
vanity top (A).
10. Apply finish.
Dressing Table 1
'itee
detdil 1 PdQ! 186
\\---------\
\
L.
4;;;: ", :....... :\~.
,,
o
c:
\\ ' \ Q
',,
, ,
28" - - - - - - - 4 -
-+---16"
~~
LI ___________ _
'\
"
I,
\I
see detdils Pdge 79
,',
\\
II 1 /
'I 1/
__________ J ~ 1/
see detail2 page 200
+-- 13" - - + - -
16"
13"
-+
21"
~~l~
o
5"
~~r~
27"
22"
+--_,," _--+-
Dressing Table 1
l
187
42
PART
DRESSING TABLE 2
NO.
FUNCTION
top
14
45
side
14
1814
bottom
11 V2
14
back
14
12V2 18V2
door
11%
17%
shelf
11
11%
cleat
drawer support
leg
PI.!
%
13
19
1%
drawer front
19
drawer back
2V2
18Ve
drawer bottom
14
1214
18%
drawer side
12%
frame
2V2 20
frame
2%
14V2
mirror
1514
19V2
mirror back
1514
19V:2
bottom of leg
l88
1"
18;;
10
Va
~13"--+
~t'+
14"
J~
f'
~pl
--+
}'
-t-tz.,
Vs
12il
20"
1. Join sides (B) with top (A) and

bottoms (C).
2. Attach backs (D).
3. Join legs (J) to bottom (C).
4. Attach cleats (G) to sides (B).
5. Install shelves (F) and (H).
6. Fasten drawer sides (0) to
drawer front (K) and drawer
back (L) .
7. Attach drawer bottom (M) to
sides (0).
8. Install door (E).
9. Join mirror frame pieces (Q)
and (P).
10. Install mirror (R) and plywood
back (S).
11. Fasten mirror frame (P-Q) to
vanity top (A).
12. Apply finish.
Dressing Table 2
-1
'I
1
20"
'9"
...l.
~
____ -+
U
-
8"
13"
19"
II
45
I
27"
J---'
+-13"
I--
!oE'E' dE'tai I 3
______
_p~g_E' _193
-7'"-/J -
// I
/
//
I
I
/
I
I
I
I
, -
d;'.i~ - i).-g.-3/'1J
Dressing Table 2
189
43
DRESSING TABLE STOOL
NO,
PART
FUNCTION
V2
top
side
leg
rail
foam rubber
cushion
_'
1P,4 18
3
1%
2
11%
17V2
13
12
18
1.
2.
3.
4.
Join sides (B) with legs (C),

Join rails (D) to leg assemblies (B-C).
Apply finish.
Apply upholstery, including foam rubber (E),
to top (A).
5. Fasten top (A) to frame.
" 18"-"---+f--'4"-t
.
1,.
"
,
"
190' .
3t~
-+4i-t-
!2' >7%
81 -+4~-+
1
15"
13"
--+r-- 16 --41'~'
_._-- 17f----+-
,..l
-tf--- 12 --+f
Dressing Table Stool
44
WARDROBE
I~~~'~I
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
thickness
width
length
top, bottom
22%
24
side
3,4
24
72
23V2
67%
back
14
door
22V2
66V2
shelf
22
22%
toe plate
3,4
22%
3,4
cleat
dowel or pipe
top, bottom
12
shelf
113,4
304V2
side
12
48
back
14
35%
47V2
door
17%
18
Wardrobe
1 (diam.)
21
22V2
304V2
10"
48"
7Z'
tit'.
10"
+--24" - - + - - - 36"-~r-- 24" --+84" - - - - - - - +
_- .. -." ."
--.
+--24"----+ +-15'49'+
SEIEI
--
c3etail'l>
- - -
- -
pag~
- - -
29
--::.""
."
~/
.//
"
---,
'l>crt'w'l>
1\
,1-
~-----------
,, \,
\
,
I
'
o
o
192
Wardrobe
if rabbet. joint i!o made end to end, piece!.

mu!ot be in!oerted to fit
- -.- -
- - - --
- - - -
- - - - --,
"-
.\
/ ' 1. Fasten top and b~tom (A)tosides (B).

2. Install back (C).
3. Install door (D).
4. Attach dowel or pipe (H).
5. Join sides (L) to shelves (J) and
top and bottom (K).
6. Install back (M).
7. Attach toe plate (F).
8. Install doors (0).
9. Attach cleats (G).
10. Apply finish.
11. Attach sides (L) to sides (B).
12. Insert shelves (E).
Variation: Bookcase
With the addition of a base, as shown
at the left, the center section of this
wardrobe could be used independently
as a bookcase. Legs could be used in
place of the base.
Wardrobe
193
4S
CHEST 1
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
top
18
18
bottom
34
16V2
18
side
18
2014
bock
14
17%
20%
drawer bock
15%
drawer side
6%
17%
drawer bottom
14
drawer front
.4
leg
roil
13
cleat
14
1714
16
6V2
V2
16V2
17V2
1. Join top (A) and bottom (B) with

sides (C).
2. Install back (D).
3. Fasten cleats (L) to sides (C).
4. Attach legs (J) to end rails (K).
5. Join cross rail (K) with end rails
(K).
6. Attach rails (K) to bottom (B),
with wood screws.

7. Join. drawer sides (F) with drawer
back and front (E) and (H).
8. Insert drawer bottom (G).
9. Apply finish.
,,
,
- - - -.- - - - - - - ~
!.ff detail!. page 79
21"
II
I
I
I
f
,I
I
28"
f
I
I
~
7"
101
!oj
-+-L--+-__ 18" _ _-+-
-+-_ _ 18" _ _
194
bottom of leg
Chest 1
46
CHEST 2
NO.
PART
fUNCTION
top
18
36
bottom
3,4
18
34V2
side
18
231,4
back
1,4
23V2 35Y2
facing strip
34Y2
rail
15%
drawer front
34
34V2
drawer back
6Y2
33%
drawer sides
17%
drawer bottom
1,4
leg
end rail
13
cross rail
25
2.
3.
4.
5.
bottom (B) to sides (C).

Install back (D).
Fasten rails (F).tosides(C).
Attach legs (L) to end rails (M).
Join cross rail (0) to end rails
(M).
6. Fasten leg assembly (L-M-O) to

frame.
7. Fasten drawer sides (J) to drawer
front and back (G) and (H), and
install drawer bottom (K).
8. Apply finish.
171,4 34
1. Join top (A), facing strip (E), and
.'
-H-
Lu t
-tr,,.-f-
,I
II
0
\
...
_......------ 36" - - - - - - + Chest 2
-+----18" ---+195
CHEST 3
47
PART
NO.
top
FUNCTION
4'5
bottom
%
20
%_ 20
43V2
side
20
231.4
back
1.4
23% 44V2
facing stri"p
43%
rail
drawer front
43%
drawer back
6V2 42%
drawer side
drawer bottom
1.4
leg
end rail
15
cross rail
32
17%
19%
191.4 43
L
d()tail
Follow proc~dure given on page 195.

196
Chest 3
!o~~
see ~detdjls page 29

r..-----------
d~~ail 3 pa 9 ~ 193
1\------------
,
I
,,
I
;' "
\\
\ \
\
r.
,I
___________ 1
!oe~ detai l!o page
79
'0
!(!)
II
8"
U
+6-.. . . .- - - - I
Chest 3
LJ
3 3 ' - - - - - 4 - 6'+
45" -------~
+1~
~
-'+I'~--+----
,~.' 1
1?,'--tH-1
20" - - - + -
197
CHEST 4
48
l~eJ.tn!
>,', <,/>".;..1;\ _,.
,.
FUNCTION
NO.
PART
thickness
X
X
width
length
top
20
54
bottom
3A
20
52V2
side
3A
20
23lJ.i
partition
3A
19%
22%
back
23%
53%
25%
facing strip
rail
drawer front
251'8
drawer back
6%
25
drawer bottom
lJ.i
19lJ.i
25%
12
drawer side
19%
17%
cross rail
35
end rail
15
leg
I
I
I
Ip
198
,
I
1. Join top (A) and bottom (B),

partition (D), and facing strip (F)
with sides (C).
2. Install back (E).
3. Attach rails (G) to sides (C) and
partition (D).
4. Attach legs (P) to end rails (0).
5. Join cross rail (M) with end rails
(0).
6. Join drawer sides (L) with drawer

front and back (H) and (J).
7. Install drawer bottom (K).
bQ ttom of leg 8. Apply finish.
Chest 4
24"
J -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0'
36
17"
J,
--+-,~t-'
[
\
0'
,
8'
g"
_.I_
-t
-+ _'. . .
S4--------------r
" L.
1-1 01---_ _
_.__--- 20"
~e! _!l!_l' ~ ~ __P_cl..9_! _ 3 ~ -7\

/
/
!oee detatail 3 page ~~~

1\:---- - - ----r\'
r ,""
r
I
I
I
I
~ee detdlls page 79-
Chest 4
199
49
P
",','
CHEST 5
:~., ~) t '':-~ ',;;:.,:~
<f:'t t>":,~~
, list of, Materials j
t,A ,;t,.m:J "'-":ill.~i2~,,$ "&1!~;-_'t,~~,1kJ~
PART
FUNCTION
NO.
top
18
36
bottom
18
34%
side
3,4
18
411,4
back
\4
35%
41 V2
facing strip
3,4
34V2
rail
3,4
drawer front
34%
10
drawer sides
17%
drawer back
6% 33%
drawer bottom
1,4
leg
end rail
13
cross rail
25
15%
171,4 34
2
bottom of Ie-g
.g '{ :Wf'~
'Ii
'
'.
""<
,~
f'J!i.~"
r"':lrist{ucti~n5' fc:,r As~embly ~

~>j}~~"
!.
~jf
.if
~."""
~ ~ It<<::~
1. Join top (A), bottom (B), and facing strips (,E)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
cH t a i I
to sides. (C) .
Install back (D).
Attach rails (F) to sides (C).
Attach legs (L) to end rails (M).
Join end rails (M) to cross rail (0).
Fasten leg assembly (L-M-O) to bottom (B).
Join drawer sides (H) to drawer front and back
(G) and (J).
Install bottom (K).
Apply finish.
200
Chest 5
st\'~
s~~ (1~tajl 3 pag~ 193

\"
\
"-..."
--~-
~::.------------
"-
......
...........
"-
d('tails pag' 29
- ---------
:--
"
",
\
;'
st>t> dt>tails Pdgt> 79
-----------7
O
I
0 I
50"
42"
I-
0'
I
,,,
r:
.
~ 1~t44--15
18" -----1-1-++
U 5"
-+-5" '1
26"
-+-_ _ _ _ _ _ 3 6 " - - - - - - - +
Chest 5
1~
8"
+
201
SO
SINGLE OR DOUBLE BED AND NIGHT TABLE

12~;
Single Bed
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
side rail
1~
5% 74%
end rail
1~
headboard
1~
leg
1~
2% 31
cross rail
2'
corner block
1~
,.. 5%
40
2si'
Twelve yd. No-Sag spring; 60 extension springs;

single mattress.
1
31"
CUI diagonally 10 make four.
NightTable
G
top
3A
12
24
12
22%
bottom
3,4
side
3,4
back
rail
rail
leg
8~
12
1%
+S'~
Variation for Double Bed

PART
NO.
end rail
1~
5%
55
headboard
1~
3%
37V2
cross rail
FUNCTION
Sixteen yd. No-Sag spring; 80 extension springs;

double mattress.
202
Beds and Night Table
Bed
1. Join side rails (A) with end rails (B).
2. Attach cross rails (E) and corner blocks
(F) to assembly (A-B).
3. Apply No-Sag spring.
4._, Cover spring with muslin, tacked to
(AB), to protect mattress.
5. Attach head- and footboards (C) to
legs (D).
6. Attach legs (D) to end rails (B) with
bolts.
7. Apply finish.
8. Install mattress.
Night table
1. Join sides (H) with top and bottom
(G) and (1).
2. Install back (K) .
3. Attach legs (0) to end rails (M).
4. Join end rails (M) to cross rail (L).
,5. Attach rails (L) and (M) to (J).
~eds
and Night Table
203
DOUBLE BED
Sl
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
thickneu X width X length
headboard
21 Y2 57
14
57
footboard
edge strip
V2
58
edge strip
V2
21 V2
edge strip
Y2
14
side rail
cleat
croSS rail
leg
2Y2 10
(J)
77
77
55Y2
Box spring; mattress
detail 1
1. Attach edge strips (C) and (D) to headboard

(A).
2. Attach edge strips (C) and (E) to footboard

(B).
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fasten legs (1) to side rails (F).

Attach cleats (G) to side rails (F) .
Install cross rails (H).
Apply finish.
Install box spring and mattress.
Instructions for building the night table shown are

given on page 210.
204
Double Bed
A
detail
o
o
I
I
LI ______ _
see page 35
/'
"
/'
'"
77"
V
+'1"
Double Bed
57"
1, r
t7"
V ~.
,,.'-+
30"
J
SS"
l
205
BEDS AND HEADBOARD
52
Single Bed
FUNCTION
thickn.ss X width X length
PART
NO.
side rail
11.4
731h
end rail
11.4
40
leg rail
11.4
2V2
3~1h
corner block'
11.4
leg
11.4
2V2
4
111.4
, Cut diagonally to make four.
I I yd. No-Sag spring; 60 extension springs; single

mattress.
Double Bed
PART
NO.
side rail
11.4
73V2
end rail
11.4
55
leg rail
11.4
521h
corner block'
11.4
leg
11.4
21h
FUNCTION
111.4
, Cut diagonally to make four.
16 yd. No~Sag spring; 80 extension springs; double

mattress.
206
1. Join side rails (A) with leg rails
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(C), and end rails (B) with side

rails (A).
Join legs (E) with rails (C).
Install corner block (D).
Install No-Sag spring and apply
finish.
Tack muslin to (A) and (B) to
cover springs and protect mattress.
Install mattress.
Beds and Headboard
~fe detail 2 pa 9 e 203

----------------7':I' \
box spring may be used
---------------,
I I
,,
,,
detail
,,
E ""\
- - - - ______ ..:.:l
see detail
LlW)c:D~ I
PART
NO.
2
2
FUNCTION
top
3,4
10
21
bottom
3,4
12
19%
side
3,4
12
121,4
12
381,4
side
3,4
back
1,4
131,4 20%
drop door
3,4
12V2 19%
top
3,4
10
shelf
3,4
113,4 39%
41
bottom
3,4
12
39%
side
3,4
12
381,4
back
1,4
34% 40%
shelf
3,4
0
p
cleat
3,4
9V2 39%
3,4 9
toe plate
3,4
12V2 20%
39%
door
3,4
door
3,4
12V2 19%
door
3,4
20V2 203,4
door
193,4 20%
see, details page 58

----r-- - - ---- ----
SC?C? dC?tail 3 page 193

~~ - - - - - -- - - ~ "
"
I,
\,
"
"
"-
\ I
,
I
<f>
\'
""
\ \
\ \
\
,'' ,
I ,
I I
I,
I,
__ : : : - _ -
_-
- - - - - --":__-----_j..-_-
see detail s
208
page 69
Headboard
HEADBOARD fOR DOUBLE BED

A~
0
0
0
1!..t..
A.A.
"
\~
H!
~
+-21"
. 11 "
57"-------jr- 21
HEADBOARD fOR TWIN BEDS
0
-+
+101;--+t,.
1'1;
B~
26\
'---------Iu
+-12 -+
B.B.
.
~!
\~
41"
J1! u-.
n
21" -+- 21"
41"
i~
PART
NO.
top
bottom
E
F
FUNCTION
10
21
12
19Y2
side
12
1214
side
12
3814
bock
14
1314 20Y2
drop door
12Y2 19Y2
top
10
shelf
1 p,41 55Y2
bottom
12
side
12
bock
14
34Y2 56Y2
shelf
9Y2 55Y2
cleat
3/
toe plate
door
12% 28 3,4
door
3,4
12Y2 273,4
door
3,4
20Y2 28 3,4
door
3,4
20Y2 27 3,4
0
p
Headboard
57
55Y2
3814
9
55Y2
( lb:"lM!x{fj.hij [}:v~
1. Join top (A) and bottom (B) with

sides (C) and (D).
2. Attach back (E).
3. Attach drop door (F) to bottom
(B).
4. Join sides (K) to top (G), shelf
(H), and bottom (J).
5. Install back (L).
6. Join cleats (0) to sides (K), and
toe plate (P) to bottom (1) and
sides (K).
7. Install doors (Q, R, S, and T).
8. Apply finish.
9. Insert shelf (M) and place headboard in position.
209
53
NIGHT TABLE
~3"
12"
-++--- 24"----.t-t
10"
14"
I--
--~3+-1
r
18"
L__
J!2~
14"
-r--_.
+---17" --+-
-+---'4"--+
'l
14"
!.()l" dl"tc\il~
a oe 58
------_
P
PLAN SECTION
RIGHT Siof
PART
NO.
FUNCTION
top, bottom
14
back
side
side
door
24
10V2 11
leg
end rail
2%
cross rail
2V2
17
end rail
2%
10%
14
Join top and bottom (A) to sides (C) and (D),

and back (B).
Install door (E).
Attach legs (F) to end rails (G) and (K).
Attach cross rail (H) to end rails (G) and (K).
Fasten rails (G) and (H) to bottom (A).
Apply finish.
10
Night Table
INDEX
Adjustable shelves, 77-78
Armchairs, 170, 174, 177, 182
frames for, 102-104
Assembly of parts, 5
Back panel joints, 28, 34
Backs; chair, 117-119
rabbeted, 34
Bed fastener, 35
Beds, 202-210
headboards for, 206-209
Belt sander; uses of, 1I
Benches, 163-164
vanity; 190
Bevel cuts, 10
Bevel gauge, 8
Boards; see also Planks
joining of, 18
Bolts; door, 72
incased, 35-36
Bookcase, 166
Borders; for wood edges, 54
Box joint, 30, 32
tools for, 16
Brace and bit, 14, 16
Brackets; shelf, 77-78
Breakfront, 152
Brushes; choice and use of, 6
Bureaus;' see Chests; Vanity dressers
Butt joints, 21, 29-30, 36
Cabinets, 155, 156
radio-phonograph, 146, 148, 151
record storage, 145
speaker, 151
telephone, 133
tool, 130
Cane chair seats, III
Canvas seats, 110, 121
Carpentry; basic operations in, 9-16
Catches; door, 71
Chair design, 122-124
ChaV backs, 117-119
Chair frames, 102-104
Chair legs; see Legs
Chair seats, 51; 109-114, 121
Index
Chairs; armless, 180

with arms, 170, 174, 177, 182
easy, 177
straight, 167, 168, 172-173
Chamfered edges, II
Chests, 194-201
Chevron fasteners, 29
Chisel; uses of, 12-16
Clamps; for gluing, 17
for joint fastening, 31-33
Coffee tables, 138-139
Coil springs, 115
Compass; use of, 8
Cord; for backs, 118
for seats, 109
Core plywood, 45
Corner joints; see Joints
Corner reinforcements; metal, 38-39
wood, 39, 49
Corrugated fasteners, 29
Cross-lap joint, 26
Curing of lumber; see Seasoning
Curved panels, 47
Curves; in wood, 47-49, 50
Cutting of parts, 5
Dado groove for panel, 28

Dado joints, 33
tools for, 15
Demountable joints, 29, 35-36
Demountable legs, 40
Desks, 158, 160
Dining sets, 168-176
Dining tables, 141, 168, 176
Disc sander; uses of, 11
Door hardware; catches, 71
hinges, 58-60
locks, 72-74
Doors; see also type desired
fabric applied to, 55
hollow plywood, 46
special types, 65-70
stops for, 56-57, 93
Dovetail joints; butt, 21
frame, 32
leg-to-rail, 37
211
Dovetail joints
middle frame, 33
middle rail, 25
rail-to-frame, 27
tools for, 16
Dowel joints; basic, 19
butt, 21
frame, 27, 29-31
leg, 37-39
middle frame, 33
middle rail, 24
rail; 22-23, 27
for round corner, 49
wedge, 39
Drawers; construction of, 79-87
Drawings; reading of, 125
Dressers; see Chests; Vanity dressers
Dressing tables; see Vanity dressers
Drill press; uses of, 13-15
Drop doors, 65-67
Easy chair, 177
Edges; surfacing, 11-12
treatment, 52
Enamel, 7
End fittings for legs, 43
End half-lap joint, 22
End tables, 135-137
Extension dining table, 141
Fabric; fastening of, 53, 55
Feather joint, 19, 24, 30--33, 52
Files; uses of, 12-13, 16 .
/
Fillers; for hardwood finish, 6
Finishing; wood, 6-7
Flange; for attaching table legs, 40
Flower box, 134
Flush panel doors, 46
Foam rubber, 107, 108, 113-116, 118-121
Folding doors, 67
Fork butt joint, 21
Frame; plywood-hollow, 46
Frame joints, 29-33, 35-71
Frames; for panels, 28
for upholstered furniture, 101-104
Gauges, 8, 11
Glass; joining metal and, 96
joining wood and, 88-89
Glides; for metal legs, 43
212
Glue; application of, 17, 46

Gouges; uses of, 13
Grain; alignment of, 18
direction of, 48
Groove; for back installation, 34
for panel, 28
for sliding doors, 69-70
Hand tools; uses of, 11-16
Hardware; door, 58-65, 71-75
shelf, 77-78
Headboards, 206-209
High-fidelity sound cabinets, 146, 148, 157
Hinges, 58-65
Holes; drilling of, 14
Jig; doweling, 14
Joinery, 14-16
Jointer; uses of, 11, 14.
Joints; see also type desired
basic, 19--'20
common, 21-40
demountable, 29, 35-36, 39
frame, 29-32
metal, 94-95
tools for making, 9-16
Kerfing, saw; for bending wood, 50
"Knife thr~ad" , 40
Knobs; see Pulls
Lacquer; application 9f, 7
Laminated wood, 45, 50
Lap joints; cross, 26
half, 22
lap-tee, '24
shiplap, 20
Lathe; uses of, 13
Leather chair seats, 109
Legs; attaching, 37-42
demountable, 39-42
end fittings for, 43-44
Locks; door, 72-74
Loudspeaker enclosure, 151
Love seats, 179-180
Lumber; seasoning of, 4, 18
selection and working of, 3-5, 18
Lumber-core plywood, 45, 50
Magazine rack, 131
Mallet and chisel; uses of, 12
Index
Marble; joining wood and, 92

Marking materials for cutting, 8
Metal; joining wood and, 90
joining plate glass and, 96
Metal joints, 94-95
Middle frame joints, 33
Middle rail joints, 24-26
Milled corner joint, 30
Mirror; attaching to wood, 88-89
drop-top, 82
Miter joints; edge, 52
frame, 30-31
mortise-and-tenon, 23
tongue, 24
Miter'stop, 56
Molded plastic, 99
Molded plywood, 51
Molding; with panel, 28
Molder; uses of, 12-14
Mortise-and-tenon joints; basic, 19-20
leg, 37-38
middle rail, 24-26
rail,22-23
with wedge, 27
Mortising; tools for, 15
Natural finishes, 7
Night tables, 202, 210
"No-Sag" Springs, 112, I! 9
Open-shelf breakfront, 151
Paint, 7, 52
Panels, 18, 28, 34
hollow plywood, 46
curved, 47, 50
fabric-covered, 53
Phonograph-radio cabinets, 146, 148, 151
Pipe; metal, 'see Tubing
pivot hinges, 63-64
Planes; uses of, 11-16
Planks; selection and handling of, 3-4, 18
Plant box, 134
Plasfic; molded, 99
Plastic drawers, 84
Plastic wood, 7
Plate glass; joining metal to, 96
Plywood, 5, 45-52
hollow frame of, 46
Index
Power tools; uses of, 9-16

Pulls; drawer or door, 75-76, 99
Rabbet; for door stop, 56
panel in, 28, 34
tools for, 14
Rabbet joints, 19, 22, 38
Radio-phonograph cabinets, 146, 148, 151
Raffia, 110, 118
Rail joints, 22, 24, 27, 29
Rails; joining legs to, 37-38
Rasp; use of, 13
Record storage cabinet, 145
Router; uses of, 13-16
Rubber; foam, see Foam rubber
joining metal and, 97
joining wood and, 93
Rubber knife edge, 121
Rubber straps, 114--121
Sanders, II
Sandpaper, 6
Saw kerfing, 50
Sawing, 3, 9-10, 14-16
of plastic, 98
Scarf joint, 21
Screw joint; for legs, 40
Seasoning of lumber, 4, 18
Seats; chair, 109-114
Selection of wood, 5
Service cart, 132
Shaper; uses of, 11-16
Shellac; choice of, 7
Shelves; adjustable, 77-78
Shiplap joint, 20
Shrinkage; of wood, 4, 5, 18,29
Side table, 140
Slides; for drawers, 85-87
Sliding doors, 69-70
Sofas, 179, 180
frames for, 103
Sofa-bed, 184
Speaker cabinet, 151
Splined miter joint, 31
Spokeshave; uses of, 13
Springs; upholstery, 105, 114--116
Steam bending, 50
Stool, 162
vanity, 190
Stop; door, 56-57, 93
drawer, 87
miter, 56
213
Surfacing; wood, tools for, II

see also Finishing
Surfacing material; application of, 98-99
Upholstery. 100-121
Upholstery materials, 105-107
Upholstery tools, 105
Table hinges, 61
Tables; coffee, 138-139
dining, 141, 168, 176
end, 135-137
night, 202, 210
side, 140
telephone, 133
television, 144
"Tee nut" for butt joint, 36
Telephone cabinet, 133
Television table, 144
Tension scarf joint, 21
Three-way joint, 34, 38
"Tite-joint fastener", 36
Tongue-and-groove edge, 52
Tongue-and-groove joint, 19-20, 31
Tool cabinets, 130
Tools; upholstery, 105
woodworking, 9-16
Tree; growth characteristics, 3
Try square, 8
Tubing; metal, 91, 94-95
Vanity dressers, 186, 188

Vanity stool, 190
Varnish; types of, 7
Venee~ 23, 45, 47, 52
214
Wardrobe, 191
Warping of planks, 4, 18
Wax finishes, 7
Webbing chair seats, 110-111
Wedge-and-dowel joint, 39
Wood; changes in, 4
finishing of, 6-7
marking of, 8
selection and buying of, 5
structure of, 3
Wood rasp; uses of, 13
Woodworking operations, 9-16
Workbench; family, 126
professional, 128
Zigzag butt joint, 21
Index

How To Build Modern Furniture

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How To Build Modern Furniture

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HOW TO BUILD MODERN FURNITURE

e' " N~""t! Ji sF- f!

W. Dodge Corporaiion 1957

Published in Great Britain 1959

Covering edges and p

Plywood and curves

Materials other than wood

... ~I-Y ....... "' ..

chair and sofa frames

Instructions for reading drawings

GENERAL NOTES ABOUT WOOD

Wood is derived from a tree. It is made up

A-Partial section of a tree trunk

Note the location of its parts:

A tree is usually cut during the

It is essential that timber be well seasoned

month. The water entering the pores of the

SELECTING AND BUYING WOOD

pheric conditions, but screws or loose joints

When the parts have been cut and finished

been picked for it. It may be necessary to

The kind of finish a piece of furniture

finish coats, and may be dipped in water to

Most raw woods need careful preparation

Open-grained hardwoods must be filled.

Among natural finishes, the least discolora- ;

there are now preparations available which

If the wood is to be painted, it must first be

MARKING THE MATERIALS

The marking gauge (D) is used to trace

Marking the Materials

BASIC WOODWORKING OPERATIONS

cal operations to be performed, the degree

In general, the tools mentioned are those

A-Rip cut (with grain)

8-Cross cut (across grain)

Hand: Rip saw recommended, but cross- I

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces,

D-Miter cut (45 degrees)

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small pieces,

Hand: Cross-cut saw or, for small framing

tenon saw. Power: Circular saw or band

A-Rip bevel (with grain)

B-Cross bevel (across grain)

Hand: Cross-cut saw or (for small pieces)

D-Straight and curved cut

Hand: Cross-cut saw or tenon saw. Power:

Hand: Keyhole or compass. saw. Power:

Hand: Keyhole or compass saw, or (for

Drill hole (see 14A) to admit saw blade.

B-Surfacing two sides

Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing

Hand: Jack plane followed by smoothing

C-Truing an edge (with grain)

D-Squaring an edge (end grain)

Hand: Jack plane followed by jointer plane.

Hand: Block plane or smoothing plane.

Hand: Use planes as in C or D, above, in

Hand: Planes and files. Power: Jointer or

Hand: Mallet and chisel directed toward

D-Rounding a straight edg~

Hand: Block plane or files. Power: Spindle

E-Rounding a convex edge