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CLASSIFICATIONS
14 May 2003
Feriansyah A
Premier Oil Natuna Sea Ltd.
HSE Manager
HAZARDOUS/
/ CLASSIFIED AREAS
DEFINITIONS
DEFINISI DAERAH BERBAHAYA
A area shall
An
h ll be
b deemed
d
d to
t be
b a
hazardous area, where:
where:
Hazardous area is an area in which
an explosive gas atmosphere is
present, or likely to be present.
present.
H
Hazardous
d
A
Area
Cl ifi ti
Classification
i a method
is
th d off analyzing
l i
and
d
classifying the environment where explosive gas atmospheres may
occur to allow the proper selection of electrical apparatus to be
installed in that environment.
environment.
Background
1923 - Hazardous locations first appear in the NEC
1935 - Classes added to the concept
1947 - Divisions added
RP 500 and NFPA 497 primary sources of guidance for Area
Classification
NEC provided guidance for equipment selection and installation
methods
API RP 505
AREA CLASSIFICATIONS
API RP 500 - Classification of
location for electrical Installation at
Petroleum Facilities
Class I : A location which flammable
gasses or vapors are, or may be
present in the air quantities
sufficient to produce explosive or
i it bl mixtures
ignitable
mixtures.
i t
.
Class II liquids:
liquids: liquids having Flash
Point (FP) above 37
37..8 C or 100
100 F
and
d below
b l
60 C or 140
60
140 F
Class IIIA liquids:
liquids: liquids having
Flash Point (FP) at or above 60
60 C
or 140
140 F and below 93
93 C or 200
200 F
Class IIIB liquids:
liquids: liquids having
Flash Point (FP) at or above 93
93 C
or 200
200 F
Venting
Typical areas
Areas where p
permanent ignition
g
sources area p
present, for example
p
flare pits, tips,
CLASS I, ZONE 0
CLASS I, ZONE 2
Division 1:
Zone 0:
Where
ignitable
concentrations
of
Zone 1:
Where ignitable concentrations of
flammable gases vapors or liquids can exist
some of the time under normal operating
conditions
Division 2:
Zone 2:
conditions
conditions
API 500
API 505
CLASS I,, ZONE 0
CLASS I, DIVISION 1
CLASS I, ZONE 1
CLASS I, DIVISION 2
CLASS I, ZONE 2
SYMBOLS
Ventilations
Enclosure
Distance
EXTENT OF HAZARDOUS
AREA CLASSIFICATIONS
Ex
EXPLOSION-PROTECTION
EXPLOSIONEQUIPMENT
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat/ Sparks
Equipment which is constructed in such way that one of the 3 elements of fire triangle
is removed, such that the possibility of of explosion is eliminated
Fuel
oxygen
Ex p
Ex o
Exm
Ex v
Ex d
Ex q
q
Ex n
Ex e
Ex i
Heat/ Sparks
EXPLOSION--PROTECTION METHODS /
EXPLOSION
EQUIPMENT
Popular types
Flameproof
l
f (EX d)
Increased Safety (Ex e )
Non--Sparking (Ex n )
Non
Pressurization (Ex p )
Intrinsically Safe (Ex i )
Oilil iimmersed
d Ex
E o type
Special Ex s type
Encapsulated Ex m type
Ventilated Ex v type
EXPLOSIONPROOF EQUIPMENT
EX d Type FLAMEPROOF
EQUIPMENT
(US-- Explosion
(US
Explosion--Proof, UK
UK-- Flame
Flame--Proof, GERMANY - Pressure
Pressure--Proof)
A type off protection
i
i which
in
hi h withstanding
ih
di an internal
i
l explosion
l i
off a
flammable mixture of a specified gas or vapor mixture, relieve the internal
explosion/ pressure via enclosure flame paths such as lids and glands.
glands. Prevent
transmission of hot gasses and flame through joints or apertures in the
enclosure assembly such as would ignite the external explosive atmosphere
EXPLOSION PROOF
When an explosion occurs, the surrounding hazardous environment is not exposed to hot gases
or hot surfaces.
Internal
pressure
Thread ed join
5 full threa ds
m inim um
Internal
pressure
Hot flaming
gases
Cooled
gas
Hot gases are cooled as they pass across a machined flanged joint
Normal Clearance
INTRINSICALLY
N
N
SAFE EQUIPMENT
QU
N &
CIRCUITS (Ex i )
Encapsulation Ex m
Hermetic Sealing Ex h
A type of protection applied to electrical apparatus where this
devices is constructed such that external atmosphere can not
gain access to the interior/ enclosure, in which a seal is made
by fusion eg. Soldering, brazing.
Selection Criteria
Gas Grouping (based on ignition energy)
Temperature Classification
Classified Zones/ Division
Definition : MESG
MESG (Maximum
(Ma im m Experimental
E perimental Safe GAP)
diagram
explosion
g GROUP II C
Atmospheres containing acetylene, hydrogen, or gases
or vapors having:
g MESG 0.50 mm
g MIC Ratio 0.45
API 505
API RP 505/ NEC/ European Std.
Zone 0, 1 and 2
II C (acetylene & hydrogen, Butadiene,
t ye eO
Oxide,
de, Propylene
opy e e O
Oxide,
de, and
a d
Ethylene
acrolein)
II B (Ethyl Ether and Ethylene)
II A (Acetone, Ammonia, Benzene, Butane,
Cyclopropane, Ethanol)
API RP 500
DIVISION 1 and 2
T1 ( 4500 C)
T2 ( 3000 C)
T2A,B,C,D
0
( 280 C, 2600, 2300 , 2150)
T3 (( 2000 C)
T3A,B,C
( 1800 C, 650, 1600)
T4 ( 1350 C)
T4A ( 1200 C)
T5 ( 1000 C)
T6 ( 850 C)
Motors- Ex d, Ex p, Ex n, Ex e,
MotorsTransformers & Capacitors - Ex d, Ex p (auxiliary devices to be
located
l
d iin pressurized
i d room/hermetically
/h
i ll sealed
l d / iintrinsically
i i ll safe)
f )
Control & Instrument Transformers - Ex i
Lighting Fitting - Ex d, Ex e, Ex n
Switch Gear & Control Gear - Ex d, Ex o, Ex
Communication/ Telephone equipment/Meters - Ex i
Portable Hand Lamps
Lamps-- Ex i
Protection Techniques
Intrinsically Safe (2 fault)
fault), ia
ia
Class I, Division 1 Intrinsically Safe (2 fault)
Encapsulated, m
Flameproof,
a ep oo , d
d
Increased Safety, e
Intrinsically Safe (1 fault), 1b
Oil Immersed, o
Powder Filled, q
Purged / pressurized, p
Any Class I, Zone 0 technique
Any Class II, Division1 technique
Protection Techniques
q
Energy Limited nC (nL in EN50021)
Hermetically Sealed, nC
Nonincendive, nC
N Sparking,
Non
S ki
nA
A
Pressurization nZ (nP in EN50021)
Restricted Breathing, nR
Sealed Device
Device, nC
nC
Any Class I, Zone 0 or 1 technique
Any Class I, Division1 or 2 technique
Purpose :
Reduce hazard to life and property that can result from
failure
f il or malfunction
lf
i off industrialindustrial
i d i l-type electrical
l i l
system and equipment
General attention
Enclosure :
Make sure the continuation of function where it shall prevent exposure of
live parts and operating mechanism and protect the equipment from
exposure to moisture and air contaminants outside the enclosure
Security :
Inspect all doors and access panels to ensure that all hardware is in place
and in ggood condition.
Leakage :
Identify of any evidence of leakage and caulk any leaking seems
Moisture :
Accumulation mayy occur even though
g panel
p
are watertight.
g The source of
moisture is condensation due to surface temp drop below the air dew point.
Heating :
If space heaters are provided,
provided make sure that they are in good condition and
operating properly.
Insulation :
Insulation deterioration will be accumulated during the operating which
detract from its voltage withstanding capability.
Electrical distress :
Areass in which
w c electrical
c c distress
d s ss iss more likelyy to occur
cc :
Thermal damage :
Even slightly over design levels for prolonged periods, can significantly
shorten
h
the
h electrical
l i l lif
life.
Basis for detecting heat damage :
Discoloration
Crazing, cracking, flaking of varnish coating
Embrittlerment of tape and cable insulation
Delamination
Generalized carbonization
Melting, oozing or exuding of substances from within an insulating
assemblyy
Flexible Cords :
Check condition for badly worn, improper type, current carrying capacity
too small.
Plugs
g and Connectors :
Check for stray strands and loose terminal.
Receptacle Outlets :
Ch k fforr continuity
Check
ntin it off grounding
r ndin connection.
nn ti n
Portable Equipment :
Check for equipment name plate according to the Area classification.
Lighting
g
g Fixtures :
Check for no fixtures should be located close to highly combustible material.
Equipment Grounding :
Check for broken or loose connection at conduit bonding or equipment
grounding.
Switchgear rooms and MCC rooms :
Ch k to see that
Check
h they
h are clean
l
and
d used
d ffor no other
h purpose, ffree off
storage of any kind ( combustible material ), ventilation should be in working
condition and unobstructed.
E l
Enclosures
off El
Electrical
i l parts :
Check to see that covers secured in place.
Internal
pressure
Thread ed join
5 full threa ds
m inim um
Internal
pressure
Hot flaming
gases
Cooled
gas
Hot gases are cooled as they pass across a machined flanged joint
Normal Clearance
Sealing fitting
Hazardous area
Push
station
button
Com bination
switc h and
c ontroller
Flexible
coupling
Unions
Motor
Junc tion
box
Switc
it h
Conclusion
Maintenance :
Proper maintenance will result in electrical apparatus function as expected.
Modification of Certified apparatus :
Modification should not be done to certified Hazardous
Hazardous classified
classified
apparatus unless it is approved by authorized rere-certification body.
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS
DOS AND DON'TS OF HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT
Dos
Disconnect electrical supply before opening or working on a nonintrinsically safe enclosure. As matter of safer general practice, all circuits,
including IS, be isolated before any work can proceed in the field unless
under hot work permit . Electrical isolation procedures must be employed.
Check that threaded covers,
covers flat joints,
joints rotating shafts,
shafts bearings and
operating shafts are well lubricated and without corrosion. At detailed
inspection periods all joints should be cleaned of old grease, mating
surfaces inspected and the appropriate fresh grease applied. It is
recommended practice to use graphite or silicone based lubricants and
avoid the use of metallic based greases such as copper or molybdenum
based compounds.
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS
DOS AND DON'TS OF HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT (Cont.)
Dos
Check that all flame paths are clean and free from grit or foreign matter when
being closed.
Ensure that all enclosures are properly reassembled and all bolts are in place
and tightened to the correct torque before connecting the supply. Use only
certified replacement parts designed for that equipment. Do not replace seals
(gasket or o-rings) with other than maker's approved parts.
Check that all unused terminal screws are tightened.
Check earthing in accordance with installation requirements
Check all door, gland plate or cover fixing screws are intact and spare cable
entries are plugged with the correct type of plug.
Check
Ch k th
thatt manufacturer's
f t
' label
l b l iis securely
l fifixed
d tto th
the equipment
i
t and
dd
data
t iis
legible.
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS
DOS AND DON'TS OF HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT (Cont.)
Dos
Check that cable glands threads are tightly fixed to the equipment and cable
armouring is effectively retained by the cable gland armour clamping cones.
Fit weatherproof
th
f seals
l on cable
bl glands
l d when
h they
th enter
t explosion
l i prooff (Ex)
(E )
Equipment
Check that unused conductors of explosion proof (Ex) Equipment enclosures
p
conductors in an Ex'i'
are terminated in certified terminals. Ensure spare
enclosure are linked to earth.
Replace faulty I.S. barriers with only the correct type.
Check that the screw thread on the gland correctly matches that on the
enclosure as incorrect matching of threads can invalidate the flameproofing.
enclosure,
flameproofing
Flange faces to be smooth & original (to be careful while opening stuck
covers)
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS
DOS AND DON'TS OF HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT (Cont.)
Don't's
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS
DOS AND DON'TS OF HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT ((Cont.))
Don't's
Do not try to repair faulty I.S Barriers. They only replaceable components on
some isolated types is the safe area side fuse. If replacing the fuse, the
correct type and rating must be used.
Do not install more than one conductor in a terminal clamp of an Ex'e'
Ex e or 'n'
n
rated enclosure. Use certified cross connection inserts to link terminals.
Any equipment which is originally flameproof may loose its integrity if not
maintained properly
No site modification / alteration
API
RP 500/ 550
Area Classification of Petroleum Installations
IEC 7979-10 :1995 -Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres,
Atmospheres part
10 Classification of hazardous areas
IP Part 15, 19901990- Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations
BS EN 60079
60079--10
10,, : 1996 -Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas
Atmospheres, part 10 Classification of hazardous areas
BS 5345, 19831983-Selection, installation and maintenance of electrical apparatus
for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (other than mining applications
or explosive manufacturing), part 2, Recommendations for particular
industrial situations