Wiwiet Yuniarto

DC machines fundamentals

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 1

DC machines fundamentals
Highlights
DC machines are well known for

Full torque from zero speed

Wide field weakening range

Excellent control behavior

Correlations

Field current and armature current are responsible for

torque

Armature voltage and armature current are responsible for

power

Size

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 2

DC machines are half the size of comparable standard AC

machines

DC machines fundamentals
Torque and power compared to size
Power
is equal

P = 11 kW
n = 1140 rpm
M = 76 Nm

P = 11 kW
n = 960 rpm
M = 110 Nm

P = 11 kW
n = 730 rpm
M = 150 Nm

Torque
is equal

P = 22 kW
n = 1440 rpm
M = 150 Nm
ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 3

P = 15 kW
n = 960 rpm
M = 150 Nm

P = 11 kW
n = 730 rpm
M = 150 Nm

DC machines fundamentals
Stator
Stator (field)

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 4

Stationary part

Provides the field (flux)

Field windings

Interpole and compensation windings

eliminate unwanted effects

DC machines fundamentals
Rotor
Rotor (armature)

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 5

Moving part

Develops the torque

Armature winding

Shaft is the center axis

Commutator connected with windings

DC machines fundamentals
Commutator
Commutator

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 6

Transfers energy

Fins are connected with the windings

Brushes provide electrical contact

Neutral zone is perpendicular to the

main field

DC machines fundamentals
Compactness

Typical ABB DMI machine

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 7

Can be used as motor and generator

The shaft is mounted between the bearings

The terminal box is used to connect the cables

DC machines fundamentals
ABB DMI machine

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 8

Terminal box includes

connectors

Non drive side with

commutator, analog tacho
or encoder

Middle part with windings

Drive side with shaft

DC machines fundamentals
Typical ABB DMI machines

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 9

Air cooled

Water cooled

DC machines fundamentals
Separately excited DC machine
Characteristics

Both armature and field are supplied by a separate power

source

Equivalent circuit diagram:

IA RA

Formulas:
T = c * IA *

LA
IF

UA

EMF
UF

Armature

ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 10

Excitation

n=

c * EMF

c = Constant
T = Torque
F = Flux

EMF = UA - RA * IA - LA

dIA
dt

DC machines fundamentals
Separately excited DC machine
UAN

Armature voltage

UA

Commutation limit
IAN

Armature current

IA
IFN

Field current

IF

f=

TN

Torque

T
PN

Power

P
nbase

nmax

Commutation limit
ABB Group
March 17, 2014 | Slide 11

Field weakening factor:

nmax
nbase