Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Unit 1
Produced by
In cooperation with:
CDX Global
Curriculum Revision 2.2 16-01-07
SOLAS 2013
Module 5 - Unit 1
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................... 1
Unit Objective...................................................................................................... 2
1.0 Health, Safety and Environmental Awareness......................................... 3
1.1
Health and Safety........................................................................... 3
1.2 Petrol fire Classification................................................................. 3
2.0 Fuel Tank Structure.................................................................................. 4
2.1 Fuel Tanks...................................................................................... 4
2.2 Tank Repairs.................................................................................. 5
2.3 Filler Pipe....................................................................................... 5
3.0 Testing Fuel Level Gauge Using a Potentiometer................................... 6
3.1 Fuel Gauge..................................................................................... 6
4.0 Return-Type Fuel Supply System Components....................................... 8
4.1 Return-Type Fuel Supply System.................................................. 8
4.2 Fuel Lines...................................................................................... 8
4.3 Fuel Pump Motor........................................................................... 9
4.4 The Fuel Pump Relay.................................................................... 9
4.5 Fuel Filters....................................................................................10
4.6 Fuel Rail........................................................................................ 11
4.7 Fuel Pressure Regulator............................................................... 11
4.8 Inertia Switches............................................................................12
5.0 The Electric Fuel Pump (Rotary Type)..................................................13
5.1 Fuel Pumps ..................................................................................13
6.0 Removal and Refitting of Fuel Pumps....................................................15
7.0 Removing and Replacing Petrol Fuel Filters..........................................15
7.1 Changing the Fuel Filter...............................................................15
7.2 Replacing a Fuel Filter.................................................................16
8.0 Return-Type Fuel Supply System Components..................................... 20
9.0 Fuel Injection Pressures......................................................................... 20
9.1 Typical Fuel Pressures................................................................. 20
10.0 Fuel Distribution Rail and Inlet Manifold Pressures..............................21
10.1 Fuel Pressure Versus Inlet Manifold Vacuum..............................21
10.2 Constant Pressure Difference Explained.................................... 22
10.3 Maintaining Constant Pressure Differential............................... 22
11.0 Electrical Circuit for the Fuel Supply System........................................ 23
11.1 EFI Wiring Diagram.................................................................... 23
12.0 Servicing Fuel Pump Relays................................................................... 25
13.0 Applicable NCT/DoT VTM Requirements........................................... 25
13.1 NCT/Dot VTM Requirements................................................... 25
Self Assessment................................................................................................. 26
Suggested Exercises.......................................................................................... 28
Training Resources............................................................................................ 28
Task Sheets........................................................................................................ 29
Replacing a Fuel Filter........................................................................... 29
Obtaining & Interpreting Scan Tool Data............................................. 33
Suggested Further Reading............................................................................... 35
Module 5 - Unit 1
Introduction
There are 3 Units in this Module. Unit 1 focuses on Fuel Supply
Systems, Unit 2 on Electronic Fuel Injection and Unit 3 on
Emissions.
Module 5
Petrol Fuel
Injection
Unit 1
Fuel Supply
System
Unit 2
Electronic Fuel
Injection
Unit 3
Emmissions
Module 5 - Unit 1
Unit Objective
By the end of this unit each apprentice will be able to:
Specify the typical fuel system pressures applicable to singlepoint (throttle body) and multi-point fuel injection systems
Module 5 - Unit 1
Module 5 - Unit 1
Module 5 - Unit 1
The cap on the petrol tank also stops petrol vapour escaping and
polluting the atmosphere. This is important for petrol which is very
volatile and vaporizes easily, especially in warmer climates. Some
petrol caps have a low pressure valve built-in. It keeps a balance
between the pressure in the tank and the outside atmospheric
pressure.
As petrol in the tank is used, the air space above the fuel increases.
This causes a fall in pressure, compared to outside atmospheric
pressure. The valve then opens and lets more air into the tank. A
fall in temperature can cause a fall in the pressure in the tank. The
valve opens to admit more air until inside and outside pressures
equalize again.
The fuel gauge shows how much fuel is still in the tank. It has a
gauge unit on the dash and a sender unit in the tank. This unit
indicates the level of fuel in the tank and transmits this information
to the gauge in the dash-panel.
Module 5 - Unit 1
Module 5 - Unit 1
Practical Task
Module 5 - Unit 1
Module 5 - Unit 1
Module 5 - Unit 1
10
Module 5 - Unit 1
The fuel rail is a large diameter pipe used to carry the high pressure
fuel to the individual injectors of multi-point injection systems. All
injectors are attached to this rail and therefore all have equal fuel
line pressure. A fuel pressure damper may be fitted to the rail to
steady out the small pressure oscillations in the fuel due to the pump
and injector actions. Single point systems have the fuel delivered
from the filter directly to the single or central injector.
11
Module 5 - Unit 1
12
Module 5 - Unit 1
13
Module 5 - Unit 1
This pump stops this, with a non-return valve on its outlet, which
maintains the pressure in the fuel line during that short time.
If a fuel blockage occurs further along the fuel line, it can overload
the pump motor and make it overheat. So a high-pressure relief
valve inside the pump lets fuel keep circulating.
When the pump is mounted externally, a low-pressure pump can
be used to supply fuel to the main pumps inlet. This low-pressure
pump is mounted in the fuel tank. Its an electrical centrifugal type
and it operates in the same way as the other high-pressure pump.
14
Module 5 - Unit 1
Please refer to your instructor for additional information, which is available from
the automotive technical manuals.
15
Module 5 - Unit 1
Personal Safety Whenever you perform a task in the workshop you must use personal
protective clothing and equipment that is appropriate for the task
and which conforms to your local safety regulations and policies.
Among other items, this may include:
If you are not certain what are appropriate or required, ask your
instructor
Safety Check
16
Module 5 - Unit 1
Points to Note
There are several ways to relieve the static pressure in the fuel
system before removing the fuel lines. For example, some fuel
injection systems have a valve specifically to bleed off pressure.
Other methods include bypassing the fuel pump relay with a
jumper wire, or removing the fuel pump fuse and running the
engine until it uses up the remaining fuel in the system and
stops. Refer to the shop manual for the recommended method
for your vehicle.
17
Module 5 - Unit 1
If the fuel lines are flexible hoses rather than metal lines, check
their condition to determine whether it is necessary to replace
the hoses and clamps when you replace the filter. Some
replacement filters come with these items and when they are
supplied you should always use them. If these are not supplied,
but you need to replace them anyway, obtain a sufficient length
of new fuel line and suitable clamps.
There are different types of clamps for flexible fuel lines -spring type, worm type or rolled edge. You will need to obtain
and use the appropriate tool when installing new clamps on
the hoses.
Step-by-Step Instruction
1.
2.
Remove static pressure from fuel system: If the engine is fitted with
an electric fuel pump, locate the fuel pump fuse using the
service manual and remove it. Start the engine and wait for it
to stop as it runs out of fuel. Switch the ignition off.
3.
4.
18
Module 5 - Unit 1
5.
Install carburetted system filter: Connect the new filter hose and
tighten the clamp. Make sure that you have the filter facing
in the right direction, with the flow indicator arrow pointing
towards the engine. Then remove the old filter and reconnect
the new one to the fuel intake. If you do this quickly, very little
of the residual fuel in the line should leak from the system.
6.
Remove old EFI system filter: In a fuel injected system, the fuel
is under greater pressure, so the fuel lines are normally made
of metal, which are not replaced at the same time as the filter.
Using the correct tool, loosen the metal line connectors and
remove the filter, catching any leaking fuel in a fuel-proof
container.
7.
Install EFI system filter: Connect the new filter and tighten the
line connectors. Make sure that you have the filter facing in the
right direction, with the flow indicator arrow pointing towards
the engine. Finally, remember to replace the fuel pump fuse.
19
Module 5 - Unit 1
Practical Task
Please refer to your instructor for additional information, which is available from
the automotive technical manuals.
Fuel system pressures applicable to single-point (throttlebody) and multi-point injection systems
Please refer to your instructor for additional information, which is available from
the automotive technical manuals.
20
Module 5 - Unit 1
Throttle valve
partly open
21
Module 5 - Unit 1
22
Module 5 - Unit 1
Please refer to your instructor for additional information, which is available from
the automotive technical manuals.
23
Module 5 - Unit 1
24
Module 5 - Unit 1
Please refer to your instructor for additional information, which is available from
the automotive technical manuals.
25
Module 5 - Unit 1
Self Assessment
Q1: Baffles in the fuel tank are fitted in order to:
(Tick ONE box only)
1. Increase tank volume
2. By the fuel
3. Oil sealed within the pump
4. No lubrication is required
2. Technician B
3. Both Technician A and Technician B
4. Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Q5: All fuel tanks can be repaired (Tick ONE box only)
1. True
2. False
26
Module 5 - Unit 1
2. Fuel pump
3. Fuel regulator
4. Fuel accumulator
27
Module 5 - Unit 1
Suggested Exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Training Resources
Potentiometers
28
Module 5 - Unit 1
Task Sheets
Replacing a Fuel Filter
Preparation and Safety
Objective
Personal Safety Whenever you perform a task in the workshop you must use personal
protective clothing and equipment that is appropriate for the task
and which conforms to your local safety regulations and policies.
Among other items, this may include:
If you are not certain what are appropriate or required, ask your
instructor
Safety Check
29
Module 5 - Unit 1
Points to Note
There are a variety of fuel filters, so before you start always check
the shop manual for the correct type of filter for the vehicle and
the specific procedure for removing and replacing it.
There are several ways to relieve the static pressure in the fuel
system before removing the fuel lines. For instance, some
fuel injection systems have a valve specifically to bleed off
pressure. Other methods include bypassing the fuel pump
relay with a jumper wire, or removing the fuel pump fuse
and running the engine until it uses up the remaining fuel
in the system and stops. Refer to the shop manual for the
recommended method for your vehicle.
30
Module 5 - Unit 1
If the fuel lines are flexible hoses rather than metal lines, check
their condition to determine whether it is necessary to replace
the hoses and clamps when you replace the filter. Some
replacement filters come with these items and when they are
supplied you should always use them. If these are not supplied,
but you need to replace them anyway, obtain a sufficient length
of new fuel line and suitable clamps.
There are different types of clamps for flexible fuel lines -spring type, worm type or rolled edge. You will need to obtain
and use the appropriate tool when installing new clamps on
the hoses.
31
Module 5 - Unit 1
Step-by-Step Instruction
1.
2.
Remove static pressure from fuel system: If the engine is fitted with
an electric fuel pump, locate the fuel pump fuse using the
service manual and remove it. Start the engine and wait for it
to stop as it runs out of fuel. Switch the ignition off.
3.
4.
5.
Install carburetted system filter: Connect the new filter hose and
tighten the clamp. Make sure that you have the filter facing
in the right direction, with the flow indicator arrow pointing
towards the engine. Then remove the old filter and reconnect
the new one to the fuel intake. If you do this quickly, very little
of the residual fuel in the line should leak from the system.
6.
Remove old EFI system filter: In a fuel injected system, the fuel
is under greater pressure, so the fuel lines are normally made
of metal, which are not replaced at the same time as the filter.
Using the correct tool, loosen the metal line connectors and
remove the filter, catching any leaking fuel in a fuel-proof
container.
7.
Install EFI system filter: Connect the new filter and tighten the
line connectors. Make sure that you have the filter facing in the
right direction, with the flow indicator arrow pointing towards
the engine. Finally, remember to replace the fuel pump fuse.
32
Module 5 - Unit 1
Personal Safety Whenever you perform a task in the workshop you must use personal
protective clothing and equipment that is appropriate for the task
and which conforms to your local safety regulations and policies.
Among other items, this may include:
If you are not certain what are appropriate or required, ask your
instructor.
Safety Check
33
Module 5 - Unit 1
Points to Note
Make sure that you follow service manual procedures for the
vehicle you are working on.
It may take several 'trips' for the code to reset, so with OBDII
you must complete the diagnosis process first before clearing
the codes.
Step-by-Step Instruction
1.
Connect the scan tool: Locate the scan tool access point and
connect the scan tool using the appropriate connector for the
vehicle. Turn on the vehicle ignition. Turn on the scan tool.
Run the scan tool diagnostic program and navigate through
each of the different systems in turn to access the diagnostic
trouble codes from the vehicles electronic control module.
Note your findings for each vehicle system.
2.
Check your findings: Look up what each code means and present
the information to your supervisor. Any fault indicated by the
diagnostic trouble codes will need to be corrected before you
clear the codes.
3.
Clear fault codes: To clear the fault codes from the vehicle; select
the delete codes option on the scan tool. Check that the codes
have cleared and turn off the vehicle ignition.
4.
Recheck for fault codes: Turn on the vehicle ignition. Run the scan
tool diagnostic program and navigate through each system
again to check the codes do not reactivate. If the fault codes
reactivate, take your findings to your instructor. Turn off the
vehicle ignition. Turn off the scan tool and disconnect from
the access point.
34
Module 5 - Unit 1
http://www.cdxglobal.com/
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/
http://www.autoshop101.com/
http://www.cdxetextbook.com/
35
Notes