8/20/2012

Neven Krstulovic-Opara, PhD, FACI, is a Senior Structural Engineer at

ExxonMobil (EMDC). His work experience includes 11 years as an
university professor at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Northeastern
U. and North Carolina State University. For the last 10 years he has been
leading and/or supervising numerous forensic investigations and designs
of large offshore concrete structures and arctic platforms, LNG tanks and
natural gas plants while working for Exponent-Failure Analysis, Arup and
EMDC. Krstulovic is also the Chair of ACI 376, ACI 544-E, and the
Secretary of ACI 544. He received his MCE from the Univ. of Belgrade,
MSc from the Imperial College, London, and his PhD from Carnegie
Mellon Univ. His research interests include the behavior of concrete at
cryogenic temperatures, development of concrete tanks for storage of
cryogenic liquids, concrete offshore platforms for extreme environments,
smart materials and structures, high-performance fiber-reinforced
cement composites (HPFRCCs), use of HPFRCCS as seismic/blastresistant retrofit and new construction, and fracture mechanics of
cementitious materials and structures.

Design and Construction of

Concrete Tanks for Refrigerated
Liquefied Gas Containment, Part 2
ACI Spring 2012 Convention
March 18 21, Dallas, TX
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Session on the Design & Construction of RLG Containment Part 2

ACI 376-10 Code & Commentary: Chapter VI

Minimum Performance
Requirements
Neven Krstulovic
ExxonMobil Development Company
Hyatt Regency Dallas, Dallas, TX
Reunion A
Tuesday, March 20, 2012
11:00 11:20 AM

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Biography
NevenKrstulovicOpara,PhD,PE,FACI,isaSeniorStructuralEngineerforExxonMobil.
ChairofACI376(outgoing)&ACI544E
SecretaryofACI544.
MCE &MSc theU.ofBelgrade&theImperialColl.,London,respectively
PhD fromCarnegieMellonUniv.
Workexperienceincludes:

11years univ.professoratU.ofMichigan AnnArbor,Northeastern U.&NorthCarolinaStateU.

10years structuralleadonnumerousforensicinvestigations,designsoflargeoffshoreconcretestructures
&arcticplatforms,LNGtanksandplantswhileworkingforExponentFailureAnalysis,ArupandEM.

Researchinterestsinclude:

Cryogenicbehaviorofconcrete,&developmentofallconcreteLNGtanks,
smartmaterials&structures,
highperformanceFRCs,&theiruseinseismicresistantretrofit&newconstruction,
fracturemechanicsofcementitiousstructures.

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Content

Overall Philosophy

1. Introduction

Inner Tank:

2. Performance Requirements
3. Construction (Material)Requirements
4. Other Requirements
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maintainstructuralintegrity
maintainLIQUIDTIGHTNESS
Tank not to be emptied

Outer Tank:
maintainstructuralintegrity
containLNGafterSPILL
Tank to be emptied after a spill
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1.Introduction

1. Introduction: Requirements

Referencedocuments

Performance requirements:

1) ACI350 Code Requirements for Environmental Eng. Concrete

Structures & Commentary

2) ACI372R Design & Construction of Circular Wire- & Strand-Wrapped

PSC Structures

3) ACI373R Design & Construction of Circular PSC Structures with

Circumferential Tendons

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Primaryconcrete tank
Secondarytank
Roof

Construction requirements Materials

Concrete&Shotcreteproperties
Coatings
Metalcomponents
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2. Performance
Requirements

1. Introduction: Requirement Types

Strength requirements
Serviceability requirements

Cracking&spalling
Deformations
Deteriorationofreinforcementorconcrete
Vibrations
Leakage

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Overall Philosophy
Inner Tank:
Liquid TIGHTNESS

Outer Tank:
LiquidCONATINMENT

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2.1LiquidTightnessvs.Containment
2.2CrackLimits
2.3Sliding&Sloshing

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2.1. Tightness vs. Containment

PRIMARY
(Inner)

Tank
CriteriaType

LoadStage

SectionResultant

LiquidTightness

Empty

>0

SECONDARY
(Outer)
Containment

Containment

Empty,
Operating,
OBE

SSE
SSEaft

Spill

twall /4
4in.

NeutralAxisDepth

twall /2
8in.

Aver.compressionzone

145psi

>0
twall /10
3.5in.
145psi

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2.1. Liquid Tightness: INNER Tank

2.2. Crack Limits: Outer Tank

ftensile=0 ..unlessjustified:

Normal designloading(no wind):

Slab,wall&roof:

DEMONSTRATE:sectionNOT previouslycracked
ConsiderALL loads,e.g.:
o Transient&steadystatethermalstresses
o Cooldown
o Hydrotest
o Creep&shrinkage
o OBE,etc.

calculated

Spill
ThermalCornerProtection(TCP)area:
calculated

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wcr 0.012 in.

NOTE:heatlossthroughtheslab inducesadditionaltension

wcr 0.008in.

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2.2. Crack Limits: TCP

2.3. Other: Sliding & Sloshing

EmbedmentZone 2twall aboveTCP

PrimaryTank

Considercompletetemperaturetimehistory
calculated

wcr 0.008 in.

SLIDING:usefrictionoranchorage
FREEBOARD:
SloshingOBE +1ft
SloshingSSE

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3. Construction /
Material Requirements
3.1.General
3.2.ConcreteLimits
3.3.ShotcreteLimits
3.4.SteelReinforcementLimits
3.5.Liner
3.6.OtherMetalComponents
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3.1. General
Useambient temperature propertiesfor
normalloadingconditions
StrengthIncreases
withIncreasing
Moisture
StrengthIncreases
withTemperature
Decrease

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3.1. General

3.2. Concrete

DIFFERENT Restraineddeformation

PSClimits:

UseCRYOGENIC coeff.ofthermalexp.,thermal
Confirmconcreteth. bytesting

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serviceloads:c meetACI318
AtPStransfer:c 0.55fci ACI372 &373

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3.2. Concrete

3.3. Shotcrete
Meetrequirementsof:
ACI506R Guide to Shotcrete

0.75

0.85fc

ACI506.2 Spec. for Materials, Proportioning, & Application of Shotcrete

ACI350,App.G Code for Enviro. Eng. Concrete Str. & Com.
ACI372R Design & Constr. of Circular Wire- & Strand-Wrapped PSC Str.
ACI373R Design & Constr. of Circular PSC Str. w. Circumferential Tendons

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3.4. Steel Reinforcement

3.5. Liner

Cryogenic rebars

Preventsvapor&moisturetransmission
EXCLUDINGSPILL

Noncryogenic rebarsexposedto<0oF:
Usemorerestrictiveallow,st. Ch.IV:Materials
Lowerlimitsbasedonductility&toughnessrequirements

Prestressing steel

2typespermitted:
1) Metallic
2) Nonmetallic

UseACI350limits
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3.5. Liner
METALLIC Liner:meetAPI620 App.QorR
NONMetallic Liner(polymeric):
limits(BS EN 146203, Section 10.3)
ASTME96watervaporpermeability<0.00164 oz/ft2/24h
EscapeofLNGvapor<0.00033 oz/ft2/24h

retaincrackbridgingcapabilitybeyondanOBE

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3.6. Other Metal Components

FollowAPI 620 requirementsfor:
Allowablestresses
Weldjointefficiency
Welding&weldtesting
Canusehigher stresses butmustassure
DUCTILEresponseunderthemostseverecase

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4.1. Other Criteria

4. Other
Requirements

FATIGUE:ifOwnerspecified(see Appendix C)
outertank typicallynotaconcern

Risk/hazardassessment determineif
relevant:
1) Pressurewaveloading(e.g.,blast)
2) Impact
3) Fire

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ACI37610Code&Commentary:ChapterVI

MinimumPerformanceRequirements

Thank You
for
Your Attention
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