Module 14 Poston

ACI 318-14:
Reorganized for Design

Chapter 26 - Construction
Documents and Inspection
WWW.CONCRETE.ORG/ACI318
Background
Provisions dispersed
Mixed in with design provisions
Some provisions required interpretation
Often difficult to tell when all construction
provisions were met
AmericanConcreteInstitute2015.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublication
maybereproduced,copied,distributed,ortransmittedinanyform.
Ch. 26 Construction Documents and Inspection

Purpose
Define the responsibility of the LDP regarding
minimum information in construction documents.
Why?
Increased awareness and clarity
Confusion regarding how ACI 318 was intended
to be used
Avoid general compliance statements
26.1: Scope of Construction Documents

Information conveyed to the contractor
Design information
Developed during design phase by the LDP

Specific to the job
Describes the construction of the work
Example: member dimensions
Compliance requirements
General provisions
Minimum quality levels
LDP selects the requirements that are
applicable
ACI 301 is consistent with the compliance
requirements in Chapter 26
Example: Allowable ASTM specifications for
cement
Example of 318-11 Construction Provision

21.9.9 Construction Joints
All concrete construction joints in structural walls shall

conform to 6.4 and contact surfaces shall be roughened
as in 11.6.9
6.4.3
Construction joints shall be made and located as not to

impair the strength of the structure. Provision shall be
made for transfer of shear and other forces through
construction joints. See 11.6.9
11.6.9
When concrete is placed against previously hardened

concrete, the interface for shear transfer shall be clean
and free of laitance. If is assumed equal to 1.0, the
interface shall be roughened to a full amplitude of
approximately in.
Same Example in 318-14

26.5.6 Construction, contraction, and
isolation joints
26.5.6.1 Design information
(b) Details required for transfer of shear and other
forces through construction joints.
(c) Surface preparation, including intentional
roughening of hardened concrete surfaces where
concrete is to be placed against hardened
concrete.
26.5.6.2 Compliance requirements

(d) Construction joints shall be cleaned and
laitance removed before new concrete is placed.
26.1: Scope of Construction Documents

Code is written to LDP
References directing the contractor to the

code are to be avoided
Typical Drawing General Note

All lap splices shown on these drawings shall
conform to ACI 318-11, Chapter 12.
Who designs the lap splice?

A. Contractor
B. Reinforcing steel placing subcontractor
C. Reinforcing steel detailer
10
Is this any better?

All lap splice lengths shall be shown on the
shop (placing) drawings and submitted to the
Engineer for approval.
Now the Engineer has some responsibility..

But is he/she really designing the lap splice
length?
11
318-14 Conformance
All lap splices shall conform to the following
table:
Bar
Size
Lap Splice Length, in.

Beams, Slabs
Columns
#3
19
NA
#4
25
NA
#5
31
NA
#6
37
NA
#7
54
NA
#8
62
51
12
How is this chapter used?
Checklist
Only applicable requirements
Do not reference chapter
Copy/modify compliance requirements
R26.1.1(a)
13
Use of ACI 301
ACI 301 Checklists

Coordination with corporate specs
Read it!
14
Ch. 26 Construction Documents and Inspection

Scope
Design
criteria
Inspection
13 sections in Ch. 26
Evaluation&
acceptance
Member
Information
Concretematerials
&mixture
requirements
Formwork
Additionalreqts for
prestressed
LDP
Concrete
production&
construction
Additionalreqts
forprecast
Embedments
Reinforcement
materials&
construction
reqts.
Anchoring
toconcrete
15
26.2: Design Criteria

Governing building
code
Design loads
Delegated designs
(e.g. formwork and
shoring, precast)
16
Example Governing Building Code

A. CODESANDSTANDARDS
1. THEFOLLOWINGCODESANDSTANDARDS,INCLUDINGALL
SPECIFICATIONSREFERENCEDWITHINSHALLAPPLYTOALL
WORKPERFORMEDONTHEPROJECT.USETHELATESTEDITIONS
UNLESSNOTEDOTHERWISE.
a. THEINTERNATIONALBUILDINGCODE 2015,
INTERNATIONALCODECOUNCIL
b. MINIMUMDESIGNLOADSFORBUILDINGSANDOTHER
STRUCTURES(ASCE7),AMERICANSOCIETYOFCIVIL
ENGINEERS
c. BUILDINGCODEREQUIREMENTSFORSTRUCTURAL
CONCRETE(ACI31814),AMERICANCONCRETEINSTITUTE
d. ACIMANUALOFCONCRETEPRACTICE(2014) PARTS1
THROUGH7,AMERICANCONCRETEINSTITUTE
17
Example Design loads

B. DESIGNDATA
1. GRAVITY SUPERIMPOSEDDEADLOADS
AREA
FLOORS
ROOF
PSF
05
05
2. GRAVITY FLOORLIVELOADS
LIVELOADSONFOUNDATIONS,COLUMNS,BEAMS,ETC.AREREDUCIBLEIN
ACCORDANCEWITHTHEBUILDINGCODE.UNREDUCIBLELOADSARE
FOLLOWEDBY(U)
AREA
PARKINGGARAGES
PARKINGGARAGES,TOPFLOOR
STAIRS&EXITWAYS
PSF
40(U)
40 SNOWLOAD
INDICATEDBELOW
100(U)
18
26.3 Member information

Design Information
Member size and location
Plans
Sections
Details
Tolerances
ACI 117 for cast-in-place
ACI ITG-7 for precast
19
26.4 Concrete materials and mixture requirements

COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS DESIGN INFORMATION
Cementitious materials
Aggregates
Water
Admixtures
Steel fibers
Concrete mixtures
Concrete mixtures
Proportioning
Mixture characteristics
20
10

COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
Aggregates
Water
Admixtures
Steel fibers
Concrete mixtures
Proportioning
ASTM Standards
Exceptions
Make selections where
appropriate
21
Ternary blend *
Adds ternary blended hydraulic cement *
Type IT (S>70)
22
11
Add corrosion inhibiting admixture *
23

COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
Aggregates
Water
Admixtures
Steel fibers
Concrete mixtures
Proportioning
fc at stages
Limits on SCMs
Proportioning method
Documentation
24
12
Example from 301

ACI 318-14
ACI 301-10
Table26.4.2.2(b)Limitsoncementitiousmaterials
forconcreteassignedtoExposureClassF3
Cementitiousmaterials
Flyashorotherpozzolans
conformingtoASTMC618
Maximumpercentof
totalcementitious
materialsbymass
Table4.2.2.7.b.2Maximumcementitious
materialsrequirementsforconcreteexposedto
deicingchemicals
Cementitiousmaterials
Maximumpercentof
totalcementitious
materialbyweight
25
Flyashorotherpozzolans
conformingtoASTMC618
25
Slagcementconformingto
ASTMC989
50
Slagcementconformingto
ASTMC989
50
Silicafumeconformingto
ASTMC1240
10
Silicafumeconformingto
ASTMC1240
10
Totalofflyashorother
pozzolansandsilicafume
35
50
pozzolans,slagcement,and
silicafume
pozzolans,slagcement,and
silicafume
50
pozzolansandsilicafume
35
25

DESIGN INFORMATION
Concrete mixtures
Based on exposure
fc & test age
Maximum w/cm
Aggregate size
Air content
Chloride ion limits
types
Calcium chloride
restrictions
26
13
Example - Aggregate
Section 26.4.2.1
(4)Nominalmaximumsizeofcoarseaggregatenottoexceedthe
leastof(i),(ii),and(iii):
(i)onefifththenarrowestdimensionbetweensidesofforms
(ii)onethirdthedepthofslabs
(iii)threefourthstheminimumspecifiedclearspacingbetween
individualreinforcingbarsorwires,bundlesofbars,prestressed
reinforcement,individualtendons,bundledtendons,orducts
Select aggregate size. Do not copy to drawings

27
26.5 Concrete production and construction

Design information
Field-cured cylinders
Temperature limits in hot and cold weather
Joint details and locations
Slab-on-ground diaphragms
Slab and column concrete integration
28
14
26.5 Concrete production and construction

Material handling and batching

Placement and consolidation
Curing
Hot and cold weather procedures
Joint details and locations
29
Tolerance on d and specified cover

Section 26.6.2.1(a), Design information
30
15
d > 8 in.
h+1/2,3/8in.for
12in.<h< 36in.
26.6.2.1(a) Tolerances on d and Specified Cover
No Specified
Tolerance
in.
Specified
Cover
in.
in.
in.
Specified
Cover
31
Tolerance for location of bends and ends

Section 26.6.2.1(b)
32
16
26.7 Anchoring to concrete

General design information
Assessment criteria per 17.1.3

Type, size, location, embedment, and installation
Minimum edge distance per 17.7
Inspection requirements per 26.13
Post-installed anchor parameters for strength
Corrosion protection
33
26.7 Anchoring to concrete

Adhesive anchor design information
Characteristic bond stress per 17.4.5
Qualifications of installers per 17.8.1
Identify horizontal or upwardly inclined anchors
supporting sustained tension
Certification for adhesive anchor installers
Adhesive anchor proof loading
34
17
26.11 Formwork
Design information
Contractor design, fabricate, install, and remove
Composite member location and shoring
Design considerations
Maintain shape
Removal plan
35
Example Formwork delegation
36
18
26.12 Concrete evaluation and acceptance

Testing frequency
Acceptance
Avg. of 3 tests fc
No test fc -500 psi or 0.9fc
Investigation of low-strength tests
37
26.13 Inspection
Includes requirements for:
Inspectors
Inspection reports
Items requiring continuous inspection
Items requiring periodic inspection
Check General Building Code for additional

requirements
38
19
ACI 318-14:
Reorganized for Design
Chapter 27 Strength Evaluation of

Existing Structures
39
Chapter 27 Strength Evaluation

Largely unchanged from Chapter 20 of ACI
318-11
Analytical or by load testing
Applies when ACI 318 governs
ACI 437.2-13, Code Requirements for Load
Testing of Existing Concrete Structures,
applies when the ACI 562 Repair Code
governs
40
20
Added LDP to list of involved parties *

ACI31811,20.3.3: Aloadtestshallnotbemadeuntilthat
portionofthestructuretobesubjectedtoloadisatleast56
daysold.Iftheownerofthestructure,thecontractor,andall
involvedpartiesagree,itshallbepermittedtomakethetestat
anearlierage.
ACI31814,27.4.1.3: Theportionofthestructuresubjectto
thetestloadshallbeatleast56daysold.Iftheownerofthe
structure,thecontractor,thelicenseddesignprofessional,and
allotherinvolvedpartiesagree,itshallbepermittedto
performtheloadtestatanearlierage.
41
Load testing of composite precast *

ACI31814,27.4.1.4: Aprecastmembertobemade
compositewithcastinplaceconcreteshallbepermittedto
betestedinflexureasaprecastmemberalonein
accordancewith(a)and(b):
(a)Testloadsshallbeappliedonlywhencalculations
indicatetheisolatedprecastmemberwillnotfailby
compressionorbuckling.
(b)Thetestload,whenappliedtotheprecastmember
alone,shallinducethesametotalforceinthetensile
reinforcementaswouldbeproducedbyloadingthe
compositememberwiththetestloadinaccordancewith
27.4.2.
42
21
Load test deflection measurement *

ACI31811,20.5.2:where2 isthemaximumdeflection
measuredduringthesecondtestrelativetothepositionofthe
structureatthebeginningofthesecondtest.
ACI31814,terminology:2 =maximumdeflection,during
secondloadtest,measured24hoursafterapplicationofthefull
testload.Deflectionismeasuredrelativetothepositionofthe
structureatthebeginningofthesecondloadtest,in.
43
22

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ACI 318-14:

Reorganized for Design

Ch. 26 Construction Documents and Inspection

26.1: Scope of Construction Documents

Developed during design phase by the LDP

Example of 318-11 Construction Provision

All concrete construction joints in structural walls shall

Construction joints shall be made and located as not to

When concrete is placed against previously hardened

Same Example in 318-14

26.5.6.2 Compliance requirements

26.1: Scope of Construction Documents

References directing the contractor to the

Typical Drawing General Note

Who designs the lap splice?

Is this any better?

Now the Engineer has some responsibility..

Lap Splice Length, in.

How is this chapter used?

Use of ACI 301

ACI 301 Checklists

Ch. 26 Construction Documents and Inspection

26.2: Design Criteria

Example Governing Building Code

Example Design loads

26.3 Member information

26.4 Concrete materials and mixture requirements

26.4 Concrete materials and mixture requirements

Add corrosion inhibiting admixture *

26.4 Concrete materials and mixture requirements

Example from 301

26.4 Concrete materials and mixture requirements

Select aggregate size. Do not copy to drawings

26.5 Concrete production and construction

26.5 Concrete production and construction

Material handling and batching

Tolerance on d and specified cover

26.6.2.1(a) Tolerances on d and Specified Cover

Tolerance for location of bends and ends

26.7 Anchoring to concrete

Assessment criteria per 17.1.3

26.7 Anchoring to concrete

Example Formwork delegation

26.12 Concrete evaluation and acceptance

Investigation of low-strength tests

Check General Building Code for additional

Chapter 27 Strength Evaluation of

Chapter 27 Strength Evaluation

Added LDP to list of involved parties *

Load testing of composite precast *

Load test deflection measurement *

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