Shear force and bending

moment diagram

Shear force and bending

moment diagram

Stresses due to bending

Figure shows a
slender member
(beam) subjected to
shear force and
bending moment.
We will be
considering only
symmetrical beams.

Symmetrical beams loaded in its

plane of symmetry

In general both shear force and bending

moments are transmitted (Case (a))
First we will be considering symmetrical beams
subjected to pure bending (Case (b))

Concept of Curvature
The curvature of a
plane curve is defined
as the rate of change
of the slope angle of
the curve with respect
to distance along the
curve.
Curvature 1/= /s

Geometry
of pure
bending

Geometry of pure bending

1.
2.

From symmetry, we conclude that

in pure bending:
Plane sections remain plane.
Initially parallel sections have a
common intersection. The beam
bends into the arc of a circle.

Geometry of pure bending

Figure shows a
segment of a
beam before
deformation.
The lines IJ and
MN initially
equal in length
deform into
arcs of circles.

Geometry of pure bending

Stresses obtained from stressstrain relations

Equilibrium Requirements

Equilibrium requires that the resultant of

the stress distribution over the cross
section of the beam should equal the
bending moment Mb.

Equilibrium Requirements on an
elemental area A

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending

The transverse stresses y, z and yz

are assumed to be zero

Equilibrium Requirements on an
elemental area A

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending
Or,

x= x/E = -y/
Which gives: x = -Ey/
Substituting in the equilibrium
equations:

x dA= -
A

Ey/ dA = 0

Which implies -E/ A y dA = 0

Thus the neutral surface passes thru
the area centroid.

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending
Substituting x = -Ey/ in the second
equilibrium equation gives:

x zdA= -
A

Eyz/ dA = 0

Which implies -E/

yz dA = 0

This is automatically satisfied since the

section is symmetrical about y axis.

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending
Substituting

x = -Ey/ in the third

equilibrium equation gives:

-Ax ydA=

Ey2/ dA = Mb

Which implies E/
But Izz =

y2 dA = Mb

y2 dA

Or, d/ds= 1/ = Mb/E Izz

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending
Substitution

in the stress and strain

expressions gives:
= - M y/E I
x
b
zz
And
= -M y/ I
x
b
zz
Which

express the strain and stress

in terms of the applied bending
moment.

Stress-Strain relations

Stress and Deformation in symmetrical

elastic beams subjected to pure bending
Substituting

expressions for stresses,

we can obtain:
= M y/E I
y
b
zz
And
= M y/E I
z
b
zz
Also
= 0
yz

Geometry of pure bending

Effect of
transverse
strains on the
deformed
shape of a
rectangular
beam

Stresses in symmetrical beams transmitting

bending moment and shear force

Stresses in
symmetrical
beams
transmitting
bending
moment and
shear force

Stresses in symmetrical beams transmitting

bending moment and shear force

The equilibrium equations for the segment is shown above.

Substituting stress- moment relation in the above equation gives:

Stresses in
symmetrical
beams
transmitting
bending moment
and shear force