Sectional Properties

Sectional Properties-Moment of Area

A coplanar surface of
area A and a reference
xy in the plane of the
surface are shown in
the figure . First
moment of Area A
about x axis is defined
as:
Mx = A y dA

Sectional Properties-Moment of Area

Similarly the First moment of Area A about y

axis is defined as:
My = A x dA

Sectional Properties-Moment of Area

We can sometimes concentrate the entire
area A at a point xc, yc called the centroid. To
compute these co-ordinates, we equate the
moments of the distributed area with that of
the concentrated area.
Mx = A y dA = Ayc
My = A x dA= Axc

Sectional Properties-Moment of Area

yc= 1/A A y dA
Similarly
xc= 1/A A x dA

 All axes passing through the

centroid are called centroidal
axes. The first moments of an
area about the centroidal axes
are zero.
Consider a plane area with an
axes of symmetry (y axis in
figure). In evaluating the integral
:
xc= 1/A A x dA
we find that there are a pair of
area elements which are mirror
images of each other. Thus xc is
zero.

In many problems, the area of interest can be assumed to be formed by

the addition or subtraction of simple familiar areas whose centroids are
known. We call areas made up of such simple areas as composite areas.
For such problems, we can say that

Moment of Inertia
Second moment of
Area A about x axis
(called as moment of
inertia Ixx) is defined as:
Ixx = A y2 dA

Moment of Inertia
Similarly the second moment of Area A
about y axis (called as moment of inertia I yy)
is defined as:
Iyy = A x2 dA
The product moment of inertia Ixy is defined
as:
Ixy = A xy dA

In analogy with the centroid, the entire area may be assumed

to be concentrated at a single point (kx,ky) to give the same
moment of inertia of area for a given reference. Thus,

Moment of Inertia-Parallel Axis

Theorem
Consider an aribtrary
x-y system of axes.
The x axis is parallel
to an axis X going
through the centroid
of the Area.
The centroid coordinates w.r.t. x-y
system of axes are
(xc,yc). In the next
page figure they are
called (c,d)

Moment of Inertia-Parallel Axis Theorem

Rotated Axis
We will now obtain second moments and product of area
relative to a rotated reference. From the figure given below,
we can see that:

x' = X cos () + Y sin ()

y' = -X sin() + Y cos()
Where is the angle between x and x axes

Moment of Inertia-Rotated Axis

Thus : Ix'x' = A y2 dA

= A(-X sin() + Y cos()) 2 dA

Or,
Ix'x' =sin2 () A x2 dA
2 sin () cos () A xy dA
+ cos2 () A y2 dA

Therefore,
Ix'x' = sin2 () Iyy 2 sin () cos () Ixy + cos2 () Ixx
Similar results can be obtained for Iyy and Ixy.

Moment of Inertia-Rotated Axis

Summarized Results

We can compare and see that the transformation relations for

moment of inertia and stress transformation relations are
similar. The stress transformation relations are given below:

Polar moment of inertia

The polar moment of
inertia (denoted by
symbol Ip or J) is
defined as :
IP = A r2 dA
= A y2 dA + A x2 dA
= Ixx+ Iyy