Full Beam Design Example: Given

Full Beam Design Example
CEE 3150 Reinforced Concrete Design Fall 2003

Design the flexural (including cutoffs) and shear reinforcement for a typical interior span of a
six span continuous beam with center-to-center spacing of 20 ft. Assume the supports are 12
inches wide. Check that deflection (excessive deflections will cause problems) and crack-width
serviceability requirements are met.
Given:
SDL = 2.15 kip/ft LL = 2.65 kip/ft

fc0 = 4 kip/in2
fy = 60 kip/in2
c = 150 lb/ft3
FLEXURAL DESIGN
(A) Choose the beam depth, h. Because we are concerned about deflection, use a fairly deep
beam (architect said it was O.K.): h = `/10 = 20 ft/10 (12 in/foot) = 24 in.
(B) Assume two rows of steel both top and bottom: dpos = dneg = h 3.5 in = 20.5 in.
(C) Use a narrow beam for better efficiency. Assuming r = b/dpos = 0.4, b = 0.4dpos =
0.4(20.5 in) = 8.2 in, use b = 9 in.
(D) Compute Mu and Mn at the midspan (maximum positive moment) and support (maximum
negative moment). With our estimated beam height and width, we can calculate the selfweight, SW , and determine the total dead load, DL.
SW =
=
=
DL =
=
wu =
bhwc
(9 in)(24 in)(150 lb/ft3 )(1 foot2 /144 in2 )(1 kip/1000 lb)
0.225 kip/ft
SDL + SW = (2.15 kip/ft + 0.225 kip/ft)
2.375 kip/ft
1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(2.375 kip/ft) + 1.6(2.65 kip/ft) = 7.09 kip/ft
Using the ACI design coefficients {ACI 8.3.3}:

Mu,pos
Mn,pos
Mu,neg
Mn,neg
(E) Compute R =
=
=
=
=
wu `2n /16 = (7.09 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /16 = 160 kip ft

Mu,pos / = (160 kip ft)/0.9 = 178 kip ft
wu `2n /11 = (7.09 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /11 = 233 kip ft
Mu,neg / = (233 kip ft)/0.9 = 259 kip ft
Mn
.
bd2
Mn,pos
178 kip ft
=
(12 in/foot)(1000 lb/1 kip) = 564 psi
2
bdpos
(9 in)(20.5 in)2
|Mn,neg |
| 259 kip ft|
=
=
(12 in/foot)(1000 lb/1 kip) = 820 psi
2
bdneg
(9 in)(20.5 in)2
Rpos =
(1)
Rneg
(2)
5 #7s
2 #7s
2 #5s
6 #5s
Support
Midspan
M n = 251 kipft
M n = 162 kipft
Figure 1: Reinforcing layout at the support and at midspan.

Reading from the chart gives:
pos 0.0103
neg 0.0160
(3)
(4)
As,pos = pos bdpos = 0.0103(9 in)(20.5 in) = 1.90 in2

As,neg = neg bdneg = 0.0160(9 in)(20.5 in) = 2.95 in2
(5)
(6)
(F) Compute As,pos and As,neg .
(G) Choose bars, make sure they fit.

Positive: Use 6 #5, As,pos = 1.86 in2 .
Negative: Use 5 #7, As,neg = 3.00 in2 .
We are using slightly less steel for the positive reinforcement because #5 bars are small,
resulting in a larger dpos than originally estimated. The positive reinforcement will be two
rows of three bars, the negative reinforcement will have a top row of three and a bottom row
of two bars (see Figure 1) and it is assumed that two bars from both positive and negative
reinforcing will be continuous.
A generic formula for the minimum width of a beam is given by:
bmin = 2 cover + 2dbs +
n
X
dbf,i + (n 1)cs,min
(7)
i=1
where dbs is the diameter of the stirrup, dbf,i is the diameter of the ith flexural reinforcing
bar, and cs,min is the minimum clear spacing between bars. We will use 1.5 inches clear
cover and assume a #3 stirrup. The minimum beam width, bmin , is controlled by the 3 #7
(db = 0.875 in) bars:
cs,min = max(db , 1 in) = max(0.875 in, 1 in) = 1 in
bmin = 2(1.5 in) + 2(0.375 in) + 3(0.875 in) + 2(1 in) = 8.38 in
(8)
(9)
The bars will fit. Calculate the actual values for dpos and dneg . Because the positive steel is
in two equal rows, the centroid is located at the center of the two rows.
dpos = 24 in 1.5 in 0.375 in 0.625 in 0.5 in = 21.0 in
2
(10)
The negative steel has two unequal rows so the centroid is found by:
dneg,1 = 24 in 1.5 in 0.375 in (0.875 in)/2 = 21.7 in
dneg,2 = dneg,1 0.875 in 1 in = 19.8 in
3dneg,1 + 2dneg,2
3(21.7 in) + 2(19.8 in)
dneg =
=
= 20.9 in
5
5
(11)
(12)
(13)
(H) Analyze the section, check Mn Mu . Because some of the positive steel will continue into
the negative moment region, and vice-versa, sections will be analyzed as doubly reinforced.
It is assumed that two bars on top and bottom will continue throughout the beam.
The spreadsheet doubly.xls in the course directory is used to analyze the sections and
perform code checks. From the spreadsheet:
Mn,pos = 162.4 kip ft > Mu,pos = 160 kip ft
Mn,neg = 250.8 kip ft > |Mu,neg | = 233 kip ft
(14)
(15)
The initial flexural design is done. Next, we design the shear reinforcement.
SHEAR DESIGN
(1) Find the shear envelope. The ACI coefficients give shear at the face of interior supports as
wu `n /2. Thus, for the present case:
wu `n
(7.09 kip/ft)(19 ft)
=
= 67.4 kip
2
2
Assume that the maximum shear at midspan is as derived for a simple beam:
Vu,sup =
1.6(LL)`n
1.6(2.65 kip/ft)(19 ft)
=
= 10.1 kip
8
8
The equation which defines the shear envelope is then given by:
Vu,mid =
"
(16)
(17)
Vu,sup Vu,mid
Vu (x) = Vu,sup
x
`n /2
"
#
67.4 kip 10.1 kip
= 67.4 kip
x
19 ft/2
= 67.4 kip (6.03 kip/ft)x
(18)
(19)
(20)
(2) Check that Vu,max (Vc + 8 fc0 bd). Recall that Vu,max is the shear at the critical section
distance d from the face of the support. Assume that d = dpos = 21.0 in(1 foot/12 in) =
1.75 ft so that:
Vu,max = Vu (dpos ) = Vu (1.75 ft)
= 67.4 kip (6.03 kip/ft)(1.75 ft) = 56.8 kip
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
Vc = 2 fc0 bdpos
= 2 4, 000 lb/in2 (9 in)(21.0 in)(1 kip/1000 lb)
= 23.9 kip
q
(Vc + 8 fc0 bdpos ) = (5Vc ) = 0.75(5)(23.9 kip) = 89.7 kip.

q
(26)
Thus, Vu,max = 56.8 kip < (Vc + 8 fc0 bdpos ) = 89.7 kip indicating that the section is large
enough. The shear envelope is plotted in Figure 2.
3
Vu,sup
60
Vu (x) (kip)
50
20
10

Vu,max

Vu,mid

1
x (feet)
Figure 2: The shear envelope.

(3) Pick bars and set spacing. Assume #3 stirrups will be used. The spacing near the support,
dependent on Vu,max , is (again, using dpos for d):
0.22 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(21.0 in)
Av fy dpos
= 5.35 in
s Vu,max
=
56.8 kip
23.9 kip
Vc
0.75
(27)
Use s = 5.0 in and compute the capacity of the stirrups:

Vs =
Av fy dpos
0.22 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(21.0 in)
=
= 55.4 kip
s
5.0 in
(28)
To find the maximum spacing, compare Vs to 4 fc0 bdpos :

q
4 fc0 bdpos = 4 4, 000 lb/in2 (9 in)(21.0 in)(1 kip/1000 lb) = 47.8 kip
(29)
Thus, because Vs > 4 fc0 bdpos the maximum spacing is given by dpos /4 = 21.0 in/4 =
5.25 in. The chosen spacing, s = 5.0 in < 5.25 in, meets the maximum spacing. The total
capacity of the beam, Vn , for s = 5.0 in is then:
Vn = (Vc + Vs ) = 0.75(23.9 kip + 55.4 kip) = 59.5 kip > Vu,max = 56.8 kip
(30)
As the shear drops, the maximum spacing will increase to dpos /2 = (21.0 in)/2 = 10.5 in.
So, we will use s = 10.0 in near the midspan. The shear capacity of the stirrups and total
capacity at that spacing is
Av fy dpos
0.22 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(21.0 in)
Vs =
=
= 27.7 kip
s
10.0 in
(Vc + Vs ) = 0.75(23.9 kip + 27.7 kip) = 38.7 kip
(31)
(32)
Solving Equation 20
q for Vu (x) = 38.7 kip gives x = 4.76 ft 4 ft 9 in. Note that at
s = 10.0 in, Vs < 4 fc0 bdpos so that the maximum stirrup spacing is indeed d/2. Check that
4
8 @ 5"
4 @ 7"
4 @ 10"
2"
4"

1
x (feet)
Figure 3: Initial shear design.

this meets the minimum steel requirements:
Av,min
bw s 50bw s
,
= max 0.75 fc0
fy
fy
q
(9 in)10.0 in 50 lb/in2 (9 in)10.0 in

,
= max 0.75 4, 000 lb/in
60, 000 lb/in2
60, 000 lb/in2
q
= max 0.071 in2 , 0.075 in2 = 0.075 in2
(33)
!
(34)
(35)
Using a #3 stirrup, Av = 2(0.11 in2 ) = 0.22 in2 > Av,min , so we meet the minimum area
requirement of the code.
Choose one more spacing interval, s = 7 in, resulting in:
Av fy dpos
0.22 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(21.0 in)
=
= 39.6 kip
s
7 in
(Vc + Vs ) = 0.75(23.9 kip + 39.6 kip) = 47.6 kip
Vs =
(36)
(37)
Because Vs < 4 fc0 bdpos for s = 7 in (compare Equation 36 to Equation 29), d/2 spacing
controls. Solving Equation 20 for Vu (x) = 47.6 kip gives x = 3.28 ft 3 ft 3 in.
Zone A starts when Vu drops below Vc /2:
Vc /2 = 0.75(23.9 kip)/2 = 8.96 kip < Vu,mid = 10.1 kip
(38)
Thus, there is no Zone Astirrups must be used throughout the beam.

Using the calculations above, the stirrups are designed as shown in Figure 3 with the first
stirrup at 2 inches from the face of the support, then 8 additional stirrups at 5 inch spacing,
4 at 7 inch spacing, and 4 at 10 inch spacing. This results in a shear capacity as shown in
Figure 4.
FLEXURAL STEEL CUTOFFS
Negative Reinforcement Cutoffs
At the support there are five #7 bars as tension reinforcement (at the top of the beam since the
moment is negative). It is assumed that two #5 compressive bars continue from the positive moment
reinforcement. The nominal moment capacity for this arrangement is 251 kip ft as calculated
above. The steel configuration at the support is shown in Figure 5 along with configurations used
after cutting off steel as explained below.
5
Vu (x) and Vn (x) (kip)
60
50
40
30
20
10

Vn(x)

Vu(x)

1
x (feet)
Figure 4: The shear envelope.
Support
M n = 251 kipft
Cutoff #1
M n = 163 kipft
Cutoff #2
M n = 111 kipft
Figure 5: Negative reinforcing layouts and section moment resistance.
c2v
c1
c2h
Figure 6: Dimensions c1 , c2h , and c2v .

Cutoff #1
We first wish to cut off the two #7s in the bottom row of the tension steel. This results in a
moment capacity of 163 kip ft. Determine the development length using the general formula:
ld =
3 fy
q
db
tr
40 fc0 c+K
db
(39)
Note that = 1.3 because there are more than 12 inches of concrete below the reinforcing. Recall
that c = min(c1 , c2 ) where c1 is the distance from the center of the bar to the nearest concrete
surface and c2 is one-half the center-to-center spacing of the bars being developed in the horizontal
or vertical direction. Designating c2h as the horizontal dimension and c2v as the vertical dimension
(see Figure 6):
c1
c2h
c2v
c
=
=
=
=
1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.875 in)/2 = 2.31 in

(b/2 c1 ) = (9 in/2 2.31 in) = 2.19 in
(db + 1 in) /2 = (0.875 in + 1 in) /2 = 0.938 in
min(c1 , c2h , c2v ) = 0.938 in
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
Conservatively estimating that Ktr = 0, gives:

c + Ktr
0.938 in + 0
=
= 1.07
db
0.875 in
(44)
However, because we have stirrups and more than db clear spacing in both the horizontal and
vertical direction, the expression from the table in {ACI 12.2.2} can be used for a #7 bar:
`d =
f
y
q
20 fc0
db =
60, 000 lb/in2 (1.3)(1.0)(1.0)
0.875 in
20 4, 000 lb/in2
= 54.0 in 4.50 ft = 0.237`n
(45)
(46)
Cutoff #2
Next, we will cut the center tension bar of the remaining three #7s. As there is only one row
left, we do not need to worry about vertical spacing (c2 = c2h ). Again, we will use the general
Midspan
Cutoff #1
M n = 162 kipft
M n = 138 kipft
Cutoff #2
M n = 88 kipft
Figure 7: Positive reinforcing layouts and section moment resistance.

formula and compute c first:
c1
c2
c
c + Ktr
db
= 1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.875 in)/2 = 2.31 in

= (b/2 c1 )/2 = ((9 in)/2 2.31 in)/2 = 1.10 in
= min(c1 , c2 ) = 1.10 in
1.10 in + 0
=
= 1.25
0.875 in
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
tr
The expression c+K
is less than 1.5, so it is more advantageous to use the equations in {ACI 12.2.2}
db
which gives the same development length as before: `d = 0.237`n .
At the cutoff locations, it is required that a buffer of length max(d, 12db ) be provided (Rule #1).
max(d, 12db ) = max(dneg , 12db ) = max(20.9 in, 12(0.875 in)) = 20.9 in
(51)
Using a buffer of dneg = 20.9 in 1.74 ft = 0.09`n , the cutoff locations are determined as
sketched on the attached plot.
Positive Reinforcement Cutoffs
At the midspan there are six #5 bars as tension reinforcement. It is assumed that two #7
compressive bars continue from the negative moment reinforcement. The steel configuration is
shown in Figure 7 along with configurations used after cutting off steel as explained below.
Cutoff #1
We first wish to cut off the middle #5 in the top row of the tension steel. This results in a
moment capacity of 138 kip ft.
c1
c2h
c2v
c
c + Ktr
db
=
=
=
=
1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.625 in)/2 = 2.19 in

(b/2 c1 )/2 = ((9 in)/2 2.19 in)/2 = 1.16 in
(db + 1 in)/2 = (0.625 in + 1 in)/2 = 0.81 in
min(c1 , c2h , c2v ) = min(2.19 in, 1.16 in, 0.81 in) = 0.81 in
0.81 in + 0
=
= 1.3
0.625 in
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
(56)
We have more than db clear spacing both horizontally and vertically and we are using stirrups, so
again we will use the table in {ACI 12.2.2} for #5 reinforcing steel:
`d =
f
y
q
25 fc0
db =
60, 000 lb/in2 (1.0)(1.0)(1.0)
0.625 in
25 4, 000 lb/in2
= 23.7 in 1.98 ft = 0.104`n
(57)
(58)
Cutoff #2
Next, we will cut the remaining #5s in the top row. The remaining three bars in the bottom row
will continue into the supports. When cutting these two #5s, the vertical spacing is the same as
before and will control the development length so that `d = 0.104`n again.
In this case our buffer is dpos = 21.0 in 1.75 ft = 0.092`n , and the cutoff locations are
determined as sketched on the attached plot.
Checking the Rules
Negative Cutoff #1
Rule #1 Bars must extend the longer of d or 12db past flexural cutoff points except at supports of
simple spans or ends of cantilevers. {ACI 12.10.3} The buffer of max(d, 12db ) is shown on the
attached moment plot and the cutoff was determined so that this rule was satisfied.
Rule #2 Bars must extend at least `d from the point of maximum bar stresses or from the point at
which adjacent bars which are cut or bent are no longer required to resist flexure. {ACI 12.10.2,
12.10.4, 12.12.2} Cutting these bars `d from the support results in a cutoff location 4.5 ft from
face of the support.
Rule #3 Bars cannot be cutoff in tension regions unless conditions in {ACI 12.10.5} are met.
The #7s being cut are in tension so we must satisfy {ACI 12.10.5} which stipulates we must
meet one of the conditions given in {ACI 12.10.5.1, 12.10.5.2, or 12.10.5.3}.
{ACI 12.10.5.1}: To satisfy this condition, we need Vu 2Vn /3 or Vu /Vn 2/3. Looking at
the shear design at x = 4.50 ft (the location of cutoff #1) we are using s = 7 in as spacing so that
Vn = 47.6 kip, and Vu = Vu (4.50 ft) = 67.4 kip (6.03 kip/ft)(4.50 ft) = 40.3 kip.
40.3 kip
2
Vu
=
= 0.85 >
Vn
47.6 kip
3
(59)
Thus, we do not satisfy this section.

{ACI 12.10.5.2}: To satisfy this, we may need to add extra stirrups over the last 0.75dneg of the
bar being cut. The required spacing of the additional bars, s+ is:
Av fy
dneg
s+ min
,
2
(60 lb/in )b 8b
(60)
where b is the ratio of the area of bars being cut to the total area. In this case, b = 2/5 since two
#7s out of five are being cut.
s+
0.75dneg
s+
0.22 in2 (60, 000 lb/in2 ) 20.9 in

min
,
60 lb/in2 (9 in)
8(2/5)
0.75(20.9 in)
=
= 2.40 stirrups
6.53 in/stirrup
= 6.53 in
(61)
(62)
At the point of the cut we are using s = 7 in spacing, so

0.75dneg
0.75(20.9 in)
15.7 in
=
=
= 2.24
s
7 in
7 in
9
(63)
That is, we have 2.24 stirrups from the initial design and we need to add 2.40 additional stirrups
for a total of 4.64 stirrups over 15.7 inches at the end of the cut bars. This works out to a spacing
of 15.7 inches/4.64 stirrups=3.4 inch/stirrup. So, we could reduce our stirrup spacing to 3 inches
near the end of the cut bars. This is less than the ideal minimum of 4 inch spacing, but we are only
doing it for a short distance because of concerns about the cutoff.
{ACI 12.10.5.3}: In order to meet this criterion, we must have Vu /Vn 3/4. Considering
Equation 59, this is not met.
Thus, to meet rule #3 we must add stirrups near the end of the bars being cut since we are
cutting in tension. However, the point of inflection (P.I.) occurs at 4 ft 7 in from the face of the
support so that by extending the two #7s by an inch we would no longer be cutting in tension and
rule #3 would not apply. This is what we will do.
Rule #6 Negative moment reinforcement must be anchored into or through supporting columns of
members. {ACI 12.12.1} We plan to continue the negative reinforcement into the next span,
through the supportthis rule is satisfied.
Rule #7 We are considering an interior beam, so the applicable rule is: At least one-third of the
negative moment reinforcement must be extended by the maximum of d, 12db , or l/16 past the
negative moment P.I. {ACI 12.12.3} The two #7s that continue throughout the beam represent
2/5 of the negative moment reinforcement which is greater than 1/3. This rule is satisfied.
We have satisfied the cutoff rules for negative cutoff #1. The only change we needed to make
was to add an extra inch to the cutoff location so that we are not cutting these bars in tension.
Negative Cutoff #2
Rule #1 Bars must extend the longer of d or 12db past flexural cutoff points except at supports of
simple spans or ends of cantilevers. {ACI 12.10.3} The buffer is plotted on the chart and by
inspection, this rule is met.
12.10.4, 12.12.2} The adjacent bars were cut at cutoff #1. Consulting the attached plot, it is seen
that the continuing bars continue more than `d from the point at which the bars from cutoff #1 are
no longer needed.
The #2 cutoff occurs in a region of positive moment, thus the bars are not being cut in tension. We
do not need to consult {ACI 12.10.5}.
Rule #6 Negative moment reinforcement must be anchored into or through supporting columns of
members. {ACI 12.12.1} As above, we plan to continue the negative reinforcement into the next
span, through the support, satisfying this rule.
Rule #7 The same reasoning from cutoff #1 applies and this rule is satisfied.
The cutoff rules are satisfied for negative cutoff #2. Rule checking was made considerably
easier because we are not cutting this bar in tension.
Positive Cutoff #1
Rule #1 The buffer is plottedthis rule is met.
12.10.4, 12.12.2} The bar at cutoff #1 develops its full strength before maximum moment at
midspan. This rule is satisfied.
The #5 being cut is in tension so we must satisfy one of the conditions given in {ACI 12.10.5.1,
12.10.5.2, or 12.10.5.3}.
{ACI 12.10.5.1}: Looking at the shear design at x = 5.00 ft (the location of positive cutoff #1)
10
we are using s = 7 in spacing so that Vn = 47.6 kip, and Vu = Vu (5.00 ft) = 67.4 kip
(6.03 kip/ft)(5.00 ft) = 37.3 kip.
37.3 kip
2
Vu
=
= 0.78 >
Vn
47.6 kip
3
(64)
We do not satisfy this section.

{ACI 12.10.5.2}: The required spacing over the last 0.75d of the bar being cut of the additional
stirrups, s+ is:
!
s+
0.75dpos
s+
dpos
Av fy
min
,
2
(60 lb/in )b 8b
!
0.22 in2 (60, 000 lb/in2 ) 21.0 in
= min
,
= 15.75 in
60 lb/in2 (9 in)
8(1/6)
0.75(21.0 in)
=
= 1.00 stirrup
15.75 in/stirrup
(65)
(66)
(67)
where b = 1/6 since one #5 out of six are being cut. At the point of the cut we are using s = 7 in
spacing, so
0.75dpos
0.75(21.0 in)
15.75 in
=
=
= 2.25 stirrups
s
7 in
7 in/stirrup
(68)
That is, we have 2.25 stirrups from the initial design and we need to add an additional 1.00 stirrup
for a total of 3.25 stirrups over 15.75 in at the end of the cut bars. This works out to a spacing of
15.75 in/3.25 stirrups= 4.85 inch/stirrup. So, we will reduce our spacing to 4 inches near the end
of the cut bar.
{ACI 12.10.5.3}: In order to meet this criterion, we must meet three conditions:
1. No. 11 bars or smaller. We are cutting a #5, so we meet this.
2. Continuing reinforcement provides double the area required for flexure at the cutoff point.
That is, Mn /Mu 2 at the cutoff point, where Mn is the moment capacity of the continuing bars. After positive cutoff #1 the moment capacity is Mn = 138 kip ft, and reading
from the graph, the moment demand, Mu , is 96 kip-ft.
Mn
138 kip ft
=
= 1.53 < 2
Mu
96 kip ft
(69)
Thus, this criterion is not met.

3. Factored shear does not exceed three fourths the design shear strength, Vn . That is,
Vu /Vn 3/4. Based on the results from Equation 64, this criterion is not met either.
Overall, the stipulations of {ACI 12.10.5.3} are not met based on the moment capacity. The
end result is that we will be adding extra stirrups near the end of the first cut bar as required by
{ACI 12.10.5.2}.
Rules #4 and #5 are based on conditions near the supports and will be checked for Positive
Cutoff #2.
11
Positive Cutoff #2
Rule #1 Satisfied by inspection.
12.10.4, 12.12.2} The bar at cutoff #1 was adjacent to the bars being checked now. The bars
from cutoff #2 reach their full strength before bars from cutoff #1 are needed, so this rule is satisfied.
The edge of the buffer occurs at x = 3.14 ft. If we cut here, it will be in a region of positive moment, thus we must meet one of the conditions of {ACI 12.10.5}. At the cutoff location,
x = 3.14 ft, we are using s = 5 in spacing so that Vn = 56.8 kip, and Vu = Vu (3.14 ft) = 67.4 kip
(6.03 kip/ft)(3.14 ft) = 48.5 kip.
Vu
48.5 kip
=
= 0.85
Vn
56.8 kip
(70)
The ratio in Equation 70 is greater than 2/3 and 3/4, so we cannot meet the provisions of {ACI 12.10.5.1}
or {ACI 12.10.5.3}. We could add extra stirrups near the cutoff location as stipulated in {ACI 12.10.5.2}.
However, we are cutting the bars near the positive P.I. so that by extending the cutoff a few inches
(4.33 inches to be exact) towards the support we will not be cutting in tension. We elect to extend
the bars and the rule is satisfied since we will no longer be cutting in tension.
Rule #4
(a) Simple supportsAt least one-third of the positive moment reinforcement must extend six
inches into the support. {ACI 12.11.1}
(b) Continuous interior beams with closed stirrupsAt least one-fourth of the positive moment
reinforcement must extend six inches into the support. {ACI 12.11.1, 7.13.2.3}
(c) Continuous interior beams without closed stirrupsAt least one-fourth of the positive moment reinforcement must be continuous. {ACI 12.11.1, 7.13.2.4}
(d) Continuous perimeter beamsAt least one-fourth of the positive moment reinforcement must
be continuous around the perimeter of the building and enclosed within closed stirrups or
stirrups with 135-degree hooks. {ACI 7.13.2.2}
We are considering a continuous interior beam. One-half of the positive reinforcing (three of
six bars) will be continuing through the support. Thus, whether the stirrups are closed or not, we
meet this rule.
Rule #5 At the positive moment point of inflection (P.I.), and at simple supports, the positive
moment reinforcement must satisfy:
qMn
`d
+ à
(71)
Vu
where Vu is the factored shear at the P.I. or the support, for a P.I. à is the larger of d or 12db and is
less than the actual embedment past the P.I, for a simple support à is the end anchorage past the
center of the support, and q is 1.3 if the ends of reinforcement are confined by compressive reaction
(generally true for simple supports) and 1.0 otherwise. {ACI 12.11.3} The positive moment P.I.
occurs at 0.146`n = 0.146(19 ft) = 2.77 ft. Calculating the needed quantities at the P.I.:
88 kipft
88 kipft
=
= 97.8 kipft
0.9
= 67.4 kip (6.03 kip/ft)(2.77 ft) = 50.7 kip
= max(dpos , 12db ) = max(21.0 in, 12(0.625 in)) = 21.0 in
Mn = 88 kipft Mn =
Vu
à
12
(72)
(73)
(74)
Because this is a P.I. (and not a support), q = 1.0. The development length from cutoff #1 is
`d = 23.7 in so that
qMn
(1.0)97.8 kipft
+ à =
(12 in/foot) + 21.0 in = 44.1 in > `d = 23.7 in
Vu
50.7 kip
(75)
Rule #5 is satisfied and we are done with the flexural steel cutoff design.
FINAL DESIGN
Stirrup at
Center
As required by ACI 12.10.5.2:
8 @ 5"
2 @ 7"
5 @ 4"
3 @ 10"
8"
2"

Positive Cutoff #2
@ 2ft 9in
Negative Cutoff #1
@ 4ft 7in
Positive Cutoff #1
@ 5ft 0in
5
x (feet)
Figure 8: The final design.
13
Negative Cutoff #2
@ 6ft 0in
CL
9
SERVICEABILITYDEFLECTION
(1) Would large deflections cause a problem? Yes they would (given).
(2) Calculate Ig , Mcr , and Icr .
9 in(24 in)3
bh3
=
= 10, 368 in4
12
12
1
1 q
Mcr =
fr bh2 = 7.5 4, 000 lb/in2 (9 in)(24 in)2
6
6
= 409, 831 lb in 34.2 kip ft
Es
29, 000, 000 lb/in2
n =
=
= 8.04
Ec
57, 000 4, 000 lb/in2
Ig =
(76)
(77)
(78)
Note that Equation 77 is valid because this is a rectangular section.1 Calculate Icr at the
midspan (Icr,mid ) and support (Icr,sup ). At midspan, there are 6 #5 for the tensile steel (As =
1.86 in2 ) and 2 #7 for the compressive steel (A0s = 1.20 in2 ). The distance from the top to
the neutral axis, c, is found by solving the quadratic formula:
bc2
2
(9 in)c2
2
+ [nAs + (n 1)A0s ] c nAs dpos (n 1)A0s d0pos

(79)

+ 8.04(1.86 in2 ) + 7.04(1.20 in2 ) c 8.04(1.86 in2 )(21.0 in) 7.04(1.20 in2 )(2.3 in) (80)
4.5c2 + 23.4c 333.5
(81)
Solving gives c = 6.39 in. We can then solve for the cracked moment of inertia, Icr,mid .
Icr,mid
bc3
=
+ (n 1)A0s (c d0pos )2 + nAs (dpos c)2
3
(9 in)(6.39 in)3
=
+ 7.04(1.20 in2 )(6.39 in 2.3 in)2
3
+8.04(1.86 in2 )(21.0 in 6.39 in)2
= 4116 in4
(82)
(83)
(84)
At the support, there are five #7 bars for tensile steel at the top since moments are negative
(As = 3.0 in2 ), the bottom has 3 #5 (A0s = 0.93 in2 ) and is in compression so that cneg is the
distance from the bottom to the neutral axis. The distances to the steel, d0neg and dneg are also
measured from the bottom of the section.
bc2neg
2
(9 in)c2neg
2
+ [nAs + (n 1)A0s ] cneg nAs dneg (n 1)A0s d0neg

(85)

+ 8.04(3.0 in2 ) + 7.04(0.93 in2 ) cneg 8.04(3.0 in2 )(20.9 in) 7.04(0.93 in2 )(2.2 in) (86)
4.5c2neg + 30.7cneg 518.5
(87)
Solving gives cneg = 7.85 in which leads to

bc3neg
+ (n 1)A0s (cneg d0neg )2 + nAs (dneg cneg )2
3
(9 in)(7.85 in)3
=
+ 7.04(0.93 in2 )(7.85 in 2.2 in)2
3
+8.04(3.0 in2 )(20.9 in 7.85 in)2
= 5768 in4
Icr,sup =
(3) Find I,D , I,D+L , I,L , I,SU ST .

1
For other sections use the definition: Mcr =
fr I g
yt .
14
(88)
(89)
(90)
Deflection under Service Dead Loads

Using the coefficients from {ACI 8.3.3} with service loads (wD = DL):
MD,mid = wD `2n /16 = (2.375 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /16 = 53.6 kip ft
MD,sup = wD `2n /11 = (2.375 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /11 = 77.9 kip ft
(91)
(92)
Both exceed the uncracked moment of inertia, Mcr = 34.2 kip ft, so that
Ie,mid
Mcr
= Icr,mid + (Ig Icr,mid )
MD,mid
!3
(93)
34.2 kip ft
= 4116 in + (10, 368 in 4116 in )
53.6 kip ft
4
Ie,sup
Mcr
= Icr,sup + (Ig Icr,sup )
MD,sup
Ie
= 5740 in4
(94)
!3
(95)
34.2 kip ft
= 5768 in + (10, 368 in 5768 in )
77.9 kip ft
= 0.70Ie,mid + 0.30Ie,sup
= 0.70(5740 in4 ) + 0.30(6157 in4 ) = 5865 in4
4
!3
!3
= 6157 in4
(96)
(97)
An approximate formula for the deflection of a continuous beam is:

=
5w`4n
MA,sup `2n MB,sup `2n
384Ec Ie
16Ec Ie
16Ec Ie
(98)
where MA,sup and MB,sup are the moments at the supports at side A and B respectively, and
Ec is the modulus of elasticity for concrete:
q
Ec = 57, 000 fc0 = 57, 000 4, 000 lb/in2 (1 kip/1000 lb) = 3605 kip/in2
(99)
Thus, with MA,sup = MB,sup = MD,sup the immediate deflections from dead loads are:
5wD `4n
MD,sup `2n
384Ec Ie
8Ec Ie
5(2.375 kip/ft)(19 ft)4 (12 in/foot)3
=
384(3605 kip/in2 )(5865 in4 )
77.9 kip ft(19 ft)2 (12 in/foot)3
8(3605 kip/in2 )(5865 in4 )

= 0.042 in
I,D =
I,D
(100)
(101)
(102)
(103)
Deflection under Service Dead + Live Loads

The service distributed load is wD+L = DL+LL = 2.375 kip/ft+2.65 kip/ft = 5.025 kip/ft.
MD+L,mid = wD+L `2n /16 = (5.025 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /16 = 113 kip ft
MD+L,sup = wD+L `2n /11 = (5.025 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /11 = 165 kip ft
15
(104)
(105)
!3
Mcr
Ie,mid = Icr,mid + (Ig Icr,mid )
(106)
MD+L,mid
34.2 kip ft
= 4116 in + (10, 368 in 4116 in )
113 kip ft
4
Mcr
Ie,sup = Icr,sup + (Ig Icr,sup )
= 4289 in4 (107)
!3
(108)
MD+L,sup
34.2 kip ft
= 5768 in + (10, 368 in 5768 in )
165 kip ft
= 0.70(4289 in4 ) + 0.30(5809 in4 ) = 4745 in4
4
Ie
!3
!3
= 5809 in4 (109)

(110)
We can then calculate the deflections due to dead + live and live only:
5wD+L `4n MD+L,sup `2n
384Ec Ie
8Ec Ie
5(5.025 kip/ft)(19 ft)4 (12 in/foot)3
=
384(3605 kip/in2 )(4745 in4 )
165 kip ft(19 ft)2 (12 in/foot)3
8(3605 kip/in2 )(4745 in4 )

= 0.109 in
= I,D+L I,D = 0.109 in 0.042 in = 0.067 in
I,D+L =
I,L
(111)
(112)
(113)
(114)
(115)
Deflection under Sustained Loads

Assume that 50% of the live load is sustained:
ML,mid
MSU ST ,mid
ML,sup
MSU ST ,sup
=
=
=
=
MD+L,mid MD,mid = 113 kip ft 53.6 kip ft = 59.4 kip ft

MD,mid + 0.5ML,mid = 53.6 kip ft + 0.5(59.4 kip ft) = 83.3 kip ft
MD+L,sup MD,sup = 165 kip ft 77.9 kip ft = 87.1
MD,sup + 0.5ML,sup = 77.9 kip ft + 0.5(87.1 kip ft) = 121 kip ft
(116)
(117)
(118)
(119)
Solving for the effective moments of inertia:

!3
Mcr
Ie,mid = Icr,mid + (Ig Icr,mid )
34.2 kip ft
= 4116 in + (10, 368 in 4116 in )
83.3 kip ft
4
Ie
!3
= 4549 in4 (121)
!3
Mcr
Ie,sup = Icr,sup + (Ig Icr,sup )
(122)
MSU ST ,sup
34.2 kip ft
= 5768 in + (10, 368 in 5768 in )
121 kip ft
= 0.70(4549 in4 ) + 0.30(5872 in4 ) = 4946 in4
4
(120)
MSU ST ,mid
!3
= 5872 in4 (123)

(124)
Solving for the deflection:

wSU ST
= DL + 0.5LL = 2.375 kip/ft + 0.5(2.65 kip/ft) = 3.70 kip/ft
16
(125)
I,SU ST
I,SU ST
5wSU ST `4n
MSU ST ,sup `2n
384Ec Ie
8Ec Ie
5(3.70 kip/ft)(19 ft)4 (12 in/foot)3
=
384(3605 kip/in2 )(4946 in4 )
121 kip ft(19 ft)2 (12 in/foot)3
8(3605 kip/in2 )(4946 in4 )

= 0.079 in
=
(126)
(127)
(128)
(129)
(4) Find long-term creep and shrinkage deflection, CS . As defined in the code,
CS = I,SU ST =
I,SU ST
1 + 500
(130)
Using a 5-year timespan ( = 2.0) and 0 at the midspan:

2(0.60 in2 )
A0s
=
= 0.00635
bdpos
(9 in)(21.0 in)
(131)
2.0
(0.079 in) = 0.120 in
1 + 50(0.00635)
(132)
0 =
Substituting all values:
CS =
(5) Check code requirements. The serviceability deflection, S , is given by

S = CS + I,L = 0.120 in + 0.067 in = 0.187 in
(133)
Because large deflections could cause problems:

`n
19 ft
=
(12 in/foot) = 0.475 in
480
480
We meet the deflection requirement, the beam is adequately designed.
S = 0.187 in
(134)
SERVICEABILITYCRACK WIDTH
To meet the requirements for crack width, the center-to-center spacing of the tension steel, scc ,
must satisfy
540 kip/in
scc
2.5cc
(135)
fs
At the midspan, we have 3 #5 bars and a #3 stirrup so that scc is:
9 in 2(1.5 in) 2(0.375 in) 0.625 in
= 2.31 in
(136)
2
With 1.5 inch clear cover, cc = 1.5 in + 0.375 in = 1.875 in, and use fs = 0.6fy = 0.6(60 ksi) =
36 ksi so that the equations to check are
scc =
540 kip/in
2.5(1.875 in) = 10.3 in
36 kip/in2
!
!
36 ksi
36 ksi
= 2.31 in 12 in
= 12 in
= 12 in
fs
36 ksi
scc = 2.31 in
(137)
scc
(138)
This requirement is satisfied at the midspan.

At supports there are three #7s in the tension zone so that
9 in 2(1.5 in) 2(0.375 in) 0.875 in
= 2.19 in
(139)
2
The quantities cc and fs are the same as at the midspan, and since scc is actually smaller at the
support, we know that the section at the support meets crack-width requirements.
scc =
THE END
17

Full Beam Design Example: Given

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Full Beam Design Example: Given

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Full Beam Design Example

CEE 3150 Reinforced Concrete Design Fall 2003

SDL = 2.15 kip/ft LL = 2.65 kip/ft

Using the ACI design coefficients {ACI 8.3.3}:

wu `2n /16 = (7.09 kip/ft)(19 ft)2 /16 = 160 kip ft

Figure 1: Reinforcing layout at the support and at midspan.

As,pos = pos bdpos = 0.0103(9 in)(20.5 in) = 1.90 in2

(F) Compute As,pos and As,neg .

(G) Choose bars, make sure they fit.

(Vc + 8 fc0 bdpos ) = (5Vc ) = 0.75(5)(23.9 kip) = 89.7 kip.

Figure 2: The shear envelope.

Use s = 5.0 in and compute the capacity of the stirrups:

To find the maximum spacing, compare Vs to 4 fc0 bdpos :

Figure 3: Initial shear design.

(9 in)10.0 in 50 lb/in2 (9 in)10.0 in

= max 0.071 in2 , 0.075 in2 = 0.075 in2

Thus, there is no Zone Astirrups must be used throughout the beam.

Vu (x) and Vn (x) (kip)

Figure 4: The shear envelope.

Figure 5: Negative reinforcing layouts and section moment resistance.

Figure 6: Dimensions c1 , c2h , and c2v .

1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.875 in)/2 = 2.31 in

Conservatively estimating that Ktr = 0, gives:

60, 000 lb/in2 (1.3)(1.0)(1.0)

= 54.0 in 4.50 ft = 0.237`n

Figure 7: Positive reinforcing layouts and section moment resistance.

= 1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.875 in)/2 = 2.31 in

max(d, 12db ) = max(dneg , 12db ) = max(20.9 in, 12(0.875 in)) = 20.9 in

1.5 in + 0.375 in + (0.625 in)/2 = 2.19 in

60, 000 lb/in2 (1.0)(1.0)(1.0)

= 23.7 in 1.98 ft = 0.104`n

Thus, we do not satisfy this section.

0.22 in2 (60, 000 lb/in2 ) 20.9 in

At the point of the cut we are using s = 7 in spacing, so

We do not satisfy this section.

Thus, this criterion is not met.

As required by ACI 12.10.5.2:

Figure 8: The final design.

+ [nAs + (n 1)A0s ] c nAs dpos (n 1)A0s d0pos

+ [nAs + (n 1)A0s ] cneg nAs dneg (n 1)A0s d0neg

Solving gives cneg = 7.85 in which leads to

(3) Find I,D , I,D+L , I,L , I,SU ST .

For other sections use the definition: Mcr =

Deflection under Service Dead Loads

An approximate formula for the deflection of a continuous beam is:

8(3605 kip/in2 )(5865 in4 )

Deflection under Service Dead + Live Loads

Ie,mid = Icr,mid + (Ig Icr,mid )

Ie,sup = Icr,sup + (Ig Icr,sup )

= 4289 in4 (107)

= 5809 in4 (109)

8(3605 kip/in2 )(4745 in4 )

Deflection under Sustained Loads

MD+L,mid MD,mid = 113 kip ft 53.6 kip ft = 59.4 kip ft

Solving for the effective moments of inertia:

Ie,mid = Icr,mid + (Ig Icr,mid )

= 4549 in4 (121)

Ie,sup = Icr,sup + (Ig Icr,sup )

= 5872 in4 (123)

Solving for the deflection:

= DL + 0.5LL = 2.375 kip/ft + 0.5(2.65 kip/ft) = 3.70 kip/ft

8(3605 kip/in2 )(4946 in4 )

Using a 5-year timespan ( = 2.0) and 0 at the midspan: