SBT 4635 WASTE MANAGEMENT

& USAGE
Recycling

RECYCLING TERMINOLOGY
Source separation removal of potentially
recyclable materials from the waste stream by
individual consumer @ commercial establishment
Reuse Using an item for its original use. A common
example is refilling a returnable soft drink bottle
Recycling Use of a material in a form similar to its
original use. Newspaper: recycled into cardboard or
newspaper. Plastic: shredded and manufactured into
fabric. Aluminum window frames: new beverage
containers
Waste to energy conversion of MSW into energy
by combustion in a controlled incinerator. Energy to
heat to electricity
Resource recovery Extraction of energy or
materials from waste. Incorporates all of the above.

COMMON RECYCLED MATERIAL &

POTENTIALLY RECYCLABLES
Paper
Glass
Aluminum
Ferrous

metal

Plastics
Yard

waste/ Garden waste

Food waste
Tires and rubber

Paper recycling
Recovery

for recycling is highest overall

compared with all other materials
Paper waste

Bulk grade
High grade

Recycle

paper- different pulping process

Removing extraneous material- glue, plastic, metal,

clips
Deinking (mechanical process)
Bleaching

 Paper

recycling downgrade in quality

Some of the longer fibers are shortened lose

flexibility, bonding ability
Virgin pulp added to maintain paper strength
Deterioration of brightness

Other

paper markets

Insulation board, fiberboard, roofing

Plant pots, egg cartons, meat trays
Animal bedding
Challenge- Construction @ modification of the paper
mills- costly
Benefits reduce space in landfill, tree conservation,
produce less toxic waste compared to production of
paper from original tree

GLASS
Glass

is 100% recyclable and can be recycled

endlessly without loss in quality or purity something few food and beverage packaging
options can claim.
Most recovered glass is used for the production of
new containers
A smaller fraction for other uses fiberglass,
bricks, glassphalt ( a mixture of glass and
asphalt that serves as paving mixture for
highway construction
Modern glass container manufacturing requires
clean and uniform feedstock
Four requirements for cullet use in recycling

Must be separated by color

Must be contaminant free

 Color

Sophisticated optical sorting @ hand-picking

Mixed cullet- lower demand and value

Contamination

Decrease quality and increase cost

Disrupt production, damage manufacturing
equipment, produce poor quality product
Common contaminant- ceramic cups, plates and
pottery, crystal and opaque drinking glasses, mirors,
heat resistant cookware (e.g., Pyrex), light bulbs

BENEFITS
Reduce

solid waste brought to landfills

Require less energy for glass manufacturingrecovered glass waste has a lower melting point
compared to standard silica, soda ash and
limestone mixture
Hold down manufacturing cost
Fewer gaseous emissions

Source: EcoIdeal Glass recycling project in

Kuantan

GLASS CULLET

ALUMINUM
Starting

material for primary aluminum

manufacture bauxite ore
Aluminum waste
Industrial scrap- by product of aluminum
manufacturing process (new scrap)
Post consumer items: beverage cans

FERROUS METALS

PLASTICS

 Product

from recycled plastics

Fences
Signposta
Flowerpots
Toys
Compost bins
Recycling container
Containers for non-food products

TIRES AND RUBBER

Relatively

inert and may not necessarily need

land disposal to limit any hazards
Product of recycle rubber, tyres:

Playground cover
Flooring material
Combustion fuel

REFERENCES:
JICA

2OO6. The study on national waste

minimisation in Malaysia. Retrieved from
http://www.kpkt.gov.my/jpspn/fileupload/
Laporan/GEJR06042_Summary.pdf
Department of National Solid Waste
Management, MHLG & Danish International
Development Assistance (2010). Glass recycling
in Kuantan: Exploring the potential for
increasing recycling by collection of source sorted
glass in Kuantan.
John P., (2005), Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous
and Industrial. Taylor & Francis group. USA