Centre of Mass

0 Moment of system will remain conserved, equal to zero.

8.1

(B) Since

8.2

(B) The line of impact for duration of collisioin is parallel to x - axis.

The situation of striker and coin just before the collision is given as

ext

Because masses of coin and striker are same, their components of velocities along line of impact
shall exchange. Hence the striker comes to rest and the x-y component of velocities of coin are u
and 3m/s as shown in figure.
For coin to enter hole,
its velocity must be along PO

or

8.3

6 3
tan =
4 u
u = 2 m/s
Ans. (2, 0)

(B) If we treat the train as a ring of mass M then its COM will be at a distance
centre of the circle. Velocity of centre of mass is :
VCM = RCM
2R V

R

2R

VCM =

The linear momentum of the train =

V
)
R

2V
2MV
MVCM =

As the linear momentum of any system = MVCM

2MV

Ans.

2R
from the

8.4

(C) As showen in figure the component of momentum of one shell along initial direction and
perpendicular to initial direction are P1X = 10 3 Ns and P1Y = 10Ns.

For momentum of the system to be zero in y-direction P2Y must be 10Ns. 2nd part of shell may or
may not have momentum in x-direction
P2min = 10 Ns.

8.5

(C) Let h be the height of water surface, finally

a a
a
a2h = a ; h
2 2
4

8.6

3a 5a
a a

C.M. gets lowered by a a

8
8
4 8

Work done by gravity = mg

5a
8

(C) Neglecting gravity,

m
v un 0 ;
mt
u = ejection velocity w.r.t. balloon.
m0 = initial mass
mt = mass at any time t.
m0
= 2n m / 2 2n2.
0
8.7

(C) Let the tube displaced by x towards left, then :

mx = m (R - x)

R
2

8.8

(C) Taking the origin at the centre of the plank.

x CM 0

m1x1 m 2 x 2 m3 x 3 0

i.e.
8.9

(Assuming the centres of the two men are exactly at the axis shown.)
60(0) + 40(60) + 40(- x) = 0, x is the displacement of the block.
x = 60 cm
A & B meet at the right end of the plank.

(B) For 1st collision

Since e = 1;
v = v1 + v2
v2 = v - v1

By momentum conservation :
mBv = - mBv1 + mCv2
or

mBv = - mBv1 + 4 mBv2

v2 =

v1 v
4

From (1) to (2) : v1 =

..... (1)

mC 4 mB
..... (2)

3
2
v and v2 = v
5
5

For secons collision :

e=1

'
v1 v1 v3

v3 = v1 v1'

..... (3)

By momentum conservation :
m B v1 m B v1' m A v3

or

mA 4 mB

m B v1 m B v1' 4m B v3

v1' v1
4
From (3) & (4) :

v3

..... (4)

3
3 3
v1' v1 v
5
55

9
v
25

9
2
v v
25
5
Therefore B can not collide with C for the seconds time.
Hence ; total number of collision is 2.

Clearly

8.10

(B) Force on table due to collision of balls :

Fdynamics =

dp
2 20 20 103 5 0.5 2N
dt

Net force on one leg

8.11

1
2 0.2 10 1N
4

(D)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
8.12

Since, both have positive final velocities, hence, both moved in the same direction after
collision.
at t = 2 sec, both had equal velocities.
by conservation of linear momentum, we can say that mass of R greater than mass of S.

(D) By conservation of linear momentum along the string.

mu = (m + m + 3m) v or

v=

u
5

and impulse on the block A = 3m (v - 0) =

8.13

3mu
5

(A) Let the three mutually perpendicular directions be along x, y and z-axis respectively,

p1 mv0i

p 2 mv 0i

where ,

1
mv02 E 0
2

and
p3 mv 0k
p4 mv
By linear momentum conservation,

0 p1 p 2 p3 p 4

or
0r
v v0 (i j k)
v v0 2 2 2 v 0 3
total energy

8.14

1
1
3 mv02 + mv 2
2
2
= 3E0 + 3E0 = 6E0

(C) Let v1, v2 and v3 be velocities of blocks 1, 2, and after suffering collision each.
mv = mv1 + Mv2
and
v1 - v2 = -v
solving we get v1
v1

Mm
v
mM

and

v2

mM
0 mM
mM

2mv
mM

2mv
4Mmv
Similarly v3 m M v 2 m M 2

8.15

Mm
4Mmv
v
2
Mm
m M

or

..... (2)

M2 - m2 = 4Mm.

(D) After collision by momentum conservation :

Along y-axis
0 0 mv 2 sin mv3 sin
v2 v3
Along x-axis
mv 0 mv 2 cos mv3 cos
mv 2 m v 2 cos
v2

so

v 1
2 cos

v 2 v3

v
2

cos 1

M
2 5 Ans.
m

8.16

(C) dp p f pi

= F dt = Area under the curve.

pi = 0
13
6.5 i m/s
2
[As momentum is positive, car is moving along positive x axis.]

Net Area = 16 - 2 - 1 = 13 N - s = Vf =

8.17

(C)
During 1st collision perpendicular component of v, v becomes e
times, when IInd component vII remains unchanged and similarly
for second collision. The end result is that both vII and v becomes
e times their initial value and hence v'' = - ev (the(-) sign indicates
the reversal of direction).

8.18

(D) It can be shown that

1
MVCM2 where M is the total mass of the system and VCM is velocity centre of mass
2
with respect to ground.
Due to internal changes KCM can change but VCM will remain same. Hence only KCM portion of
kinetic energy can be transformed to some other form of energy. Thus D is the wong statement.

K0= KCM +

8.19

(C) For first collision v = 10 m/s.

5
/2sec
10
velocity of sep = e. velocity of opp.
t1 =

1
(10)
2
v2 - v1 = 5 m/s
for second collision :

v2 - v1 =

t2

2 5
2
5

total time: t t t 2
8.20

= /2 2

(B) Just before the particle transfers to inclined surface, we resolve its velocity along and normal to
the plane.

For the trajectory of the particle to sharply change from the horizontal line to the inclined line, the
impact of the particle with inclined plane should reduce the usin component of velocity to zero.
Hence the particle starts to move up the incline with speed u cos .
Hence as increases, the height to which the particle rises shall decrease.
8.21

(B) friction force between wedge and block is internal i.e. will not change motion of COM. Friction
force on the wedge by ground is external and causes COM to move towards right. Gravitational
force (mg) on block brings it downward hence COM comes down.

8.22

(A), (B), (D)

UQ > US > UP > UR

8.23

(C), (D) Since, Fext = 0

Hence, momentum will remain conserved equal to mv.
mv = (m + M) v
or v =

mv
mM

and final kinetic energy is

1
m M v '2
2

1
m 2 v2
mv
m M

2
2m M
mM

8.24

(B), (C)
in an elastic collision
vsep = vapp
or
v - u = v + u
or
v = v + 2u
change in momentum of ball is |pf - pi|
= |m(-v)-mv|
= m (v + v)
= 2m (u + v)
average force =

p 2m u v

t
t

change in KE = Kf - Ki =

1
1
mv '2 mv 2 2mu u v
2
2

8.25

(A), (B), (C), (D)

Impulse (J) = P sin m u sin

= m v sin u sin m Vsep Vapp
= m eVapp Vapp

[e

Vsep

Vapp ]

= m Vapp (e + 1)
J = m u sin 1 e
In horizontal direction, momentum is conserved :

u cos
cos

u cos v cos or v

or

Vsep
Vapp

v sin tan

u sin tan

or

tan e tan

v sin
u sin

or

v sin eu sin,

in vertical direction,

e
2

eu sin u cos

u e 2sin 2 cos 2

v u 1 1 e2 sin 2
final kinetic energy =
ratio =
8.26

1
mv 2
2

initial kinetic energy =

1
mu 2
2

v2
e 2sin 2 cos2
u2

(C), (D)
Sphere A moving with velocity v has a component v/2 along the line joining the centres of the
spheres at the time of collision and another component v 3 / 2 perpendicular to the previous
direction. After collision the component along the line will interchange i.e. B will move with v/2
velocity i.e. 4 m/s along the line joining the centres and A moves with v 3 / 2 velocity at
perpendicular direction to B.

8.27

(C) For a system of two isolated sphere having non zero initial kinetic energy, the comnplete kinetic
energy can be converted to other forms of energy if the momentum of system is zero. This is due to
the fact that for an isolated system, the net momentum remains conserved. If an isolated system has
nonzero momentum, for the momentum to remain constant complete kinetic energy of the system
cannot become zero. Hence statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false.

8.28

(C) Statement-2 contradists Newtons third law and hence is false.

8.29

(A) For sum of three non null vectors to be zero, they must be coplanar. Hence Statement-2 is a
correct explanation for Statement-1.

8.30

(D) During colision KE of system is not constant, hence statement-1 is false.

8.31

(C) (a) The acceleration of the centre of mass is

F
2m
The displacement of the centre of mass at time t will be
aCOM =

mx1 mx 2
x=
2m

or,

Ft 2 x1 x 2

4m
2

Ft 2
or,
x1 + x2 =
.... (i)
2m
Further, the extension of the spring is x1 - x2. Therefore,
x1 - x2 = x0
..... (ii)

1 Ft 2
x

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1 2 2m x 0

8.34

(C) From conservation of momentum

mv = mv cos30 + mv cos30

v'

8.35

1 Ft 2
x

and 2 2 2m x 0

v
v

2cos 30
3

(D) Loss in kinetic energy

2

1
1 v 1
2
mv 2
= mv 2 m

2
2 m 6
8.36

(B) Initially B was at rest, therefore line of impact is along final velocity of B.
1 v
v ' v 'cos 60
1
2 3
e

v
v cos 30
3
v
3

Ans.

8.37

(A) Taking O as the origin ;

m(0) 2m() 2

3m
3

XCM(i) =

m(x) 2m(x

and XCM(f) =
As ;

m 2m

8.38

3
)
5

XCM(i) = XCM(f)
X=

4
Ans.
15

(C) By momentum conservation : (In horizontal direction)

mv1 = 2mv2
& by energy conservation :
2mg

1
1
mv12 2mv 22
2
2

1
3
8g
v
2g v12 1 2g v12 v1
2
4
3
2

8.39

(B) From momentum conservation

0 = m Vr + 2m VB
Energy conservation
1
1
mv 2r mVB 2
2
2
Solving above equations, we get
2g

Vr

8g
3

, VB

1 8g
2 3

Relative velocity of block with respect to ring is

Applying newtons law equation on the block

3 8g
(2m)

2 3

T 2mg

T = 14 mg.
Ans.

3 8g
.
2 3

8.40

(A) p (B) q (C) p,r (D) q,s

(A) If velocity of block A is zero, from conservation of momentum, speed of block B is 2u. Then
1
2
m 2u 2mu 2 is greater than net mechanical energy of system. Since this is
2
not possible, velocity of A can never be zero.
(B) Since initial velocity of B is zero, it shall be zero for many other instants of time.
(C) Since momentum of system is non-zero, K.E. of system cannot be zero. Also KE of system is
minimum at maximum extension of spring.
(D) The potential energy of spring shall be zero wherever it comes to natural length. Also P.E. of
spring is maximum at maximum extension of spring.

K.E. of block B

8.41

(A) q, (B) p, q (C) r (D) s

(A)
Initial velocity of centre of mass of given system is zero and net external force is in vertical
direction. Since there is shift of mass downward, the centre of mass has only downward
shift.
(B)
Obviously there is shift of centre of mass of given system downward. Also the pulley exerts
a force on string which has a horizontal component towards right. Hence centre of mass of
system had a rightward shift.
(C)
Both block and monkey moves up, hence centre of mass of given system shifts vertically
upwards.
(D)
Net external force on given system is zero. Hence centre of mass of given system remains at
rest.

8.42

(A) - (s) ; (B) - (p,q,r,s,t) ; (C) - (p,q,r,s,t) ; (D) - (q,r,s,t)

(A) Normal force from ground lies along line of impact. Here (A) is not answer.
(B) Since no external force act perpendicular to the line of impact. (B) is an answer.
(C) Horizontal direction is same as direction perpendicular to the line of impact. (C) is an answer.
(D) Normal implse from ground lies in vertical direction. (D) is not an answer.

(A) The component of normal force from ground lies along the line of impact. Hence not an answer.
(B) Is answer because the normal force from ground is balanced. Hence an answer.
(C) For system A + B there is no external force along horizontal direction. Hence an answer.
(D) For B the tension force from ground is balanced by the impulsive force by A. Initial and final
momentum is zero. Hence an answer.

(A) The component of tension force of thread lies along the line of impact. Hence not an answer.
(B) No external force perpendicular to the line of impact for A.
(C) For system A + B there is no external force along horizontal direction. Hence an answer.
(D) For B the tension force from thread is balanced by the impulsive force by A. Initial and final
momentum is zero. Hence an answer.

(A) & (C) are the same direction and there is no external force for the system A + B. Hence answer
(B) & (D) are the same direction and there is no net force for the system A + B. Hence answer.

(A) The component of normal force from ground lies along the line of impact. Hence not an answer.
(B) Is answer because the normal force from ground is balanced for A. Hence an answer.
(C) For system A + B there is no external force along horizontal direction. Hence an answer.
(D) For A the normal force from ground is balanced by the impulsive force by B. Initial and final
momentum is zero. Hence an answer.

8.43

The initial extension in spring is x =

mg
k

Just after collision of B with A the speed of combined mass is

v
.
2

For the spring to just attain natural length the combined mass must rise up by x0 =
comes to rest.

mg
(see fig.) and
k

Applying conservation of energy between initial and final states

2

1
v 1 mg
mg
2m k
2mg

2
2 2 k
k

6mg 2
Solving we get v =
k
Alternative solution by SHM
v

8.44

k 2mg mg

;
2m k k

2k 3m 2 g 2
m
k2

6mg 2
= 6 m/sec
k

For the duration of collision the pendulum does not exert any force on the sphere in the horizontal
direction. Hence the horizontal momentum of bullet + sphere is conserved for the duratioin of
collision. Let v be the velocity of bullet and sphere just after the collision.
from conservation of linear momentum

(m + m) v = mv

8.45

Ans.

6mg 2
= 6 m/sec.
k

or

v =

v
= 1m/sec
2

Ans.

1 m/sec.

Force F on plate = force exerted by dust particles

= force on dust particle by plate
= rate of change of momentum of dust particles
= mass of dust particles striking the plate per unit time change in velocity of dust particles.
= Av u v u
2

= A v u Ans. A u + v 2
8.46

Maximum compression will take place when the blocks move with equal velocity. As on net external
horizontal force acts on the system of the two blocks, the total linear momentum will remain
constant. If V is the common speed at maximum compression, we have,
(1 kg) (2 m/s) = (1 kg)V + (1 kg)V
or,
V = 1 m/s.
I nitial kinetic energy =

1
(1 kg) (2 m/s)2 = 2 J.
2

1
1
(1 kg) (1 m/s)2 + (1 kg) (1 m/s)2 = 1 J
2
2
The kinetic energy lost is stored as the elastic energy in the spring.

Final kinetic energy =

Hence,

1
(50 N/m) x2 = 2 J - ! J = ! Jor,
2

x = 0.2 m.

8.47

Let u and v be the speed of wedge A and block B at just after the block B gets off the wedge A.
Applying conservation of momentum in horizontal direction, we get.
mu = mv
.......... (1)
Applying conservation of energy between initial and final states as shown in figure (1), we get
1
1
mu2 + mv2
2
2
solving (1) and (2) we get

mgh =

.......... (2)

v=

.......... (3)
gh
At the instant block B reaches maximum height h on the wedge C (figure 2), the speed of block B
and wedge C are v.
Applying conservation of momentum in horizontal direction, we get
mv = (m + m) v
.......... (4)

Applying conservation of energy between initial and final state

1
1
mv2 = (m + m) v2 + mgh
2
2
Solving equations (3), (4) and (5) we get

h =

h
4

Ans.

25

.......... (5)

8.48

Let teh block A shift to left by x1 and block B shift by x2. The centre of mass of the two block
system is at rest
x1
.......... (1)
2
and the spring force on either block is k (x0 - [x1= x2]), where x0 is the initial compression in the
spring
Let the block A shift further left by dx1
work done on block by spring is

dW = k (x0 - x1 - x2) dx1

.......... (2)

Hence mx1 = 2mx2

or x2 =

k x 0 x1 1 dx1
2

Net work done

3
dW = k x 0 x1 dx1
2

x 0 /3

dW

k x 02
3
k
x
x
dx

0 2 1 1 4
x1 0

Ans.

1
k x 20
4

ALTERNATE SOLUTION

Let the speed of blocks A and B at the instant sompression is

x0
be vA and vB as shown in figure
2

[ 0 = natural length of spring]

No external forces act on the system in the horizontal direction

Applying conservation of momentum in horizontal direction
initial momentum = final momentum
0 = m(-vA) + 2m vB
or
vA = 2vB
.......... (1)
from conservation of energy
2

1
1 x 1
1
k x 02 k 0 m v A 2 2m v B 2
2
2 2 2
2
from (1) and (2) we get
1
1
m v A 2 k x 02
2
2

.......... (2)

work done on block A by spring = change in kinetic energy of block A

=

8.49

Since e =

1
1
m v A 2 k x 02
2
2
1
5

v cos37
5
As the angle of rebound is equal to the angle before impact.
Therefore, both normal & tangential components of velocities must change by the same factor.
Final normal component of velocity =

Tangential velocity after impact becomes

v cos37
.
5

Let the time of impact be t .

v cos37

m v cos37
6mv cos37
5

N
t
5t
where N is the normal force imparted on the ball by the wall.
Frictionless force = N

6 mv cos37
5
t

v sin37
v sin37

m v sin37
m v sin37

6 mv cos37
5
5

Also friction force =

t
t
5
t

8.50

2
2 3 1
tan37 .
Ans.
3
3 4 2

1.

Weight of the portion BC of the chain

lying on the table, W =

mg
(downwards)
2

Using v = 2gh
2.

dm
Trust force Ft = vr

dt
vr = v
dm
v
dt

Ft = v 2

(where,

m
, is mass per unit length of chain)

m
Ft g mg

Net force exerted by the chain on the table is

v2

g g

F = W + Ft =

(downwards)

mg
3
+ mg = mg
2
2

So, from Newtons third law the force exerted by the table on the chain will be
upwards.)

3
mg (vertically
2