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R.Seshadri
Larsen & Toubro Limited
Mysore works
-11.0
Introduction :
Following sections describe a typical scheme for auto synchronizing of 3 nos.
DG sets to a common bus in a plant. The synchronizing scheme described can
be envisaged for a building / hospital /hotel complex or any industry. The
plant equipments are :
a)
b)
c)
Under normal conditions the plant will be operating from the local SEB
supply. When the SEB supply fails, the three DG sets will be automatically
started and synchronized in a predetermined sequence .
.2
-22.0
Each of the above scope is explained more in detail in the following sections.
3.0
-3-
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System Operation :
The system has Auto / Manual selection facility. If the A/M switch is manual,
then, the complete synchronizing process , have to be done manually by front
panel PBs, TNC switches and the indicating instruments like Double Voltmeter
(DVM) , Double Frequency Meter (DFM) and Synchroscope.
The following sections describe the auto synchronizing process, for which the
A/M switch has to be kept in Auto position.
5.0
5.1
The inputs to this relay are the two PT inputs one from the bus and the other
from the DG. The relay gives five contact outputs two for frequency
increase/decrease, two for voltage increase/decrease and one for breaker close.
In addition, the relay can accept one contact as enable/disable trigger. The bus
PT is permanently connected to the SPM21. Through this, the relay measures
the bus voltage & bus frequency.
.5
-5The second input to SPM21 is from the DG PT. Since the scheme uses one
SPM21 for three DG sets, three PT secondaries are to be connected to the
relay. At any time only one DG will undergo synchronization. Consequently,
the DG PT input terminals of SPM21 is sequentially switched by MM00
contactors to the respective PT secondary of the DG being synchronized.
When DG1 is to be synchronized, Contactor K1 gets energized - it connects
the DG1 PT to SPM21 & SPM21 outputs to DG1 controls.
When DG2 is to be synchronized, Contactor K2 gets energized - it connects
the DG2 PT to SPM21 & SPM21 outputs to DG2 controls.
When DG3 is to be synchronized, Contactor K3 gets energized - it connects
the DG3 PT to SPM21 & SPM21 outputs to DG3 controls.
When SPM21 receives the two PT input signals, it initiates the synchronization
process automatically . It gives 4 contact outputs to give increase / decrease
pulses for voltage and frequency controls ( the exciter and governor of the DG
set) so that the DGs voltage and frequency are made equal to bus voltage and
frequency. After matching the V & F , the SPM21 generates small kicker
pulsed to match the phase angle of the two PT inputs and finally gives a
breaker close trigger.
The user can select any one of the 3 DGs as the master DG. When the mains
has failed, the scheme will synchronise the master DG first on to the dead bus
and the remaining two DGs in succession.
It should be noted that the PT switching is through the MM00 contactors
which in turn are controlled by the PT Switching Module PTSM. The PT
switching logic is explained in section 5.2 .
5.2
The inputs to PTSM are : Breaker auxiliary contacts, A/M switch, Master
selector switch and PT input for Mains failure Trigger.
..6
b)
-8Thus the AMFR helps in starting the diesel engines satisfactorily. Please see
fig 5 for connection diagram of AMF relay.
6.0
7.0