GRADE 1V

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Describe the main parts of the digestive system and the function
of each part.

Try to Recall

Do you still remember your lessons about the muscular system? Try to do the
activities below to find out how many you can identify .

A. LOOP-A-WORD
Find the kinds of muscle injuries in the puzzle below.
Look horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.
Write your answers in your notebook.

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B. Complete each sentence below with the missing word. Choose from the words in
the box. Write the answer in your notebook
Flexor
tendons
elongates

bones
contracts
bends

muscular muscles
voluntary muscles
involuntary muscles

1. Muscle usually come in pairs. When the other _________, the other relaxes.
2. The _________ is a specialized involuntary muscle that pumps blood around the
body.
3. Muscles can only pull to help __________ move.
4. Running, skipping, and stretching are examples of actions done by __________.
5. Shivering, yawning, and beating of the heart are samples of actions done by
__________.

Exploration Time

ACTIVITY 1

Think the food you took for breakfast today. What do you think happened
to this food? Where could this food be now?
Activity 2

During recess time, pick a food item that you plan to have for snacks. Take a
bite of it and then chew it. Then, answer the following questions:

1.
2.
3.
4.

What body part will you use in biting and chewing?

What do you think will happen to the food in your mouth?
From your mouth, where do you think will the food go?
Through which body parts will it pass?

Activity 3

Study the illustration of the digestive system below. Then answer the following
questions.
1. How many parts does the digestive system have?
2. What does each part look like?
3. What do you notice about the different parts?
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4. What do you think are the functions of each part?

Activity 4
The sentences below describe the functions of the parts of the digestive system.
Read a sentence and guess the part whose function is described. The words in the
box will guide you. Write your answer in your notebook.
small intestine
liver
mouth
anus
large intestine

rectum
pancreas
stomach
esophagus

1. This part produces pancreatic juices that help digest carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
2. This receives the food you eat. The first step in digestion.
3. This part has many glands along its walls. These glands release enzymes,
hydrochloric acid, and water, which combine to form gastric juice. The enzymes
found in the gastric juice breaks down the proteins in the food.
4. This is a narrow, coiled tube connected to the stomach where carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins are digested.
5. This is the part where waste comes out of the body.
6. From the mouth, the food passes through along tube serving a passage way of
food to the stomach.
7. This produces bile, which helps digest fats. The bile goes into the gall bladder
before proceeding into the small intestine.
8. Undigested food goes into this part then moves out of it as waste.
9. This serves as the passageway of waste from the large intestine.

Read and Learn More

Digestion is the process by which food is broken and dissolved so that it can be
taken into the blood to be used by the body.
The parts of the digestive system are the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
Other parts of the digestive system are the salivary glands, liver, gall
bladder, and pancreas that produce fluids needed in the digestion of the food you
eat.
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The following are the functions of each part.

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Liver
Pancreas

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

The mouth receives the food you eat. Inside the mouth are the
tongue and teeth. The tongue moves the food so that the teeth can
chew it well. The first step in digestion involves biting, cutting,
and chewing of the food. As you chew, the salivary glands
produce saliva, which is a digestive juice. As it mixes with the
chewed food, some of the nutrients of food is changed to sugar.
From the mouth, the food passes through a long tube called the
esophagus. The walls of the esophagus are made up of muscles.
These muscles move in a wavelike motion to squeeze and push
the food down to the stomach. This muscular movement is
known as peristalsis.
The stomach has many small glands along its walls. These glands
release enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and water, which all combine
to form gastric juice. The enzymes found in the gastric juice
breaks down the proteins in the food. As peristalsis mixes the
food, it also pushes the food toward the small intestine.
The liver produces bile, that helps digest fats. The bile goes into
the gall bladder before proceeding to the small intestine.
The pancreas produces pancreatic juices which digests
carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The juices then go to the small
intestine.
The small intestine is a narrow coiled tube connected to the
stomach. Final digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in
the food happens here. The digested food then combines with the
blood.
This is a large, coiled tube attached to the small intestine. It is
about two meters long. It is twice as wide as the small intestine.
The undigested food goes to this part of the digestive system.
Excess water is squeezed from it. A soft solid waste is
temporarily stored here.
The movement of the walls of the large intestines pushes the
waste into this part. It serves as the passageway of undigested
food coming from the large intestine to the anus.
This is an opening where waste comes out of the body.

How many did you guess correctly?

Apply It

Answer the following questions.

1. Where does digestion begin?
2. Why do you think you should always chew your food well?
3. How do the associated digestive parts help in digestion? Explain.

Test Yourself

A. Study the illustration below.

Identify the parts of the digestive system. Write the parts in your notebook.

5
6
7
8
9
6

B. Match the part in column A with its function in column B. Write only the letter
of the answer in your notebook.
B

1. It is where digested food combines with

the blood stream

a. mouth
b. esophagus

2. The opening where wastes leave out

the body

c. small intestine

3. The part where water is absorbed from

the undigested food

d. liver
e. large intestine

4. It produces bile needed for further

digestion in the small intestine

f. stomach

5. It is where food is chewed and turned

into smaller pieces

g. pancreas

6. The organ where food is broken down into enzyme

h. anus
7. It serves as a passage of waste from the large intestine
out of the body

i. rectum

C. Name the part of the digestive system described in each sentence below. Write
the answer in your notebook.
1. This tube connects the mouth to the stomach.
2. This is where digestion ends.
3. This is where the undigested food is temporarily stored.
4. This is a long and narrow coiled tube where digestion is completed.
5. This is where digestion begins.