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Chapter 7:Respiration 2014
Marking scheme
Marks
OR
Process
Respiration equation
Glucose +oxygen
Glucose
(b)
R:Anerobic respiration
S:Aerobic respiration
Table 1 shows the respiration equation shown by muscle cells and yeast cells during cellular
respiration
Cell type
Respiration equation
(Smooth) Muscle
cells
Glucose +oxygen
Yeast cells
Glucose
1
1
(a) Fill in the table by writing in muscle cells or yeast cells that matches with its respiration
equation
(c)
State where tissue V(smooth muscle cell) can be found in the body
Blood vessel/alimentary canal/oeosophagus/stomach/uterus/urinary bladder/etc
(d)
Process S
Glucose +Oxygen
138
Reactant- 1m
Product -1m
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(e)
Explain process P and Process Q / Explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in
individual P and Q
Process P
F1 - aerobic respiration.
P1 - glucose is completely oxidized/breakdown in the presence ofoxygen
P2 - releases more energy/2898 kJ of energy ( per mole of glucose)
E3-Produce carbon dioxide and water
Process Q
F2 - Anaerobic respiration
P3 - glucose is not completely oxidized// the glucose molecules breakdown partially (into lactic
acid)
P4 - releases less energy/150 kJ of energy 9 per mole glucose)
E6-Produce lactic acid
(f)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(g)
When a person is resting, the heartbeat rate is 61 to 71 beats per minutes .During vigorous
activity, the heartbeat rate increase to 120 beats per minute
Explain this statement
(h)
F1 - (During the vigorous activity) the muscle cells are in state of oxygen deficiency/oxygen
debt //the blood cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demand for oxygen ATP
P1-( The increase in heated beat rate ) is to deliver more glucose to muscle cells
P3-To remove more carbon dioxide from the muscle cells Any 2
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th
minute
P1-Lactic acid has been removed from the muscle
Explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter race in 12 seconds
F-the person is panting /higher breathing rate
Explain what happen to the yeast cells if there is too much ethanol produced
P1-( too much ethanol0 causes unsuitable medium /condition //toxic/poisonous medium
/condition
State the differences between the process that mention I 6(a) (i)
Diagram shows respiratory organs in an insect and human (Prefer)
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
D5-Occurs in mitochondria
D5-Occur in cytoplasm
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(f)
Diagram shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous Exercise of an
athlete.
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous
Exercise.
4
Before (A)
During (B)
Explanation (E)
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Before-Oxygen Intake is
low/the same as oxygen
required /enough oxygen is
supplied to the cell
During-Oxygen required is
more than oxygen intake
2
Before-Oxygen is
sufficient
During-Oxygen is
insufficient/oxygen
supplied is less than
oxygen supplied
3
Before-complete
breakdown of glucose
(produce more energy )
During-incomplete
breakdown of glucose
(produce less energy)
No/less accumulation of
lactic acid in the muscle
High accumulation of
lactic acids in the muscles
Before-complete
incomplete break down of
glucose produce carbon
dioxide and water
Dduring -Incomplete
breakdown of glucose
produce lactic acid
A+B=1m
3
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4
E=1m (Any 1 E)
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(g)
the above process takes place in tissue P in the presence of oxygen .Name and explain the
process
F-Process is called aerobic respiration
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Explain the importance of increased pulse rate during vigorous activity and why it takes several
minutes for the pulse rate to return to normal after activity 6
During vigorous activity,
P1 more blood is sent to the muscles
P2-so that oxygen supply to the muscles is increased
P3-The heart beats faster
P4-to deliver more blood, hence the pulse rate increases
After some time during the activity,
P5-respiration takes place anaerobically
P6-because the maximum rate of oxygen uptake is less than oxygen demand.
P7-there is build up of lactic acid
P8-After activity, a period of recovery is needed to provide the oxygen
P9-so that the lactic acid can be oxidized
and to provide the energy for the recovery of the muscles
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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(a)
Molecule X + 2ATP
Process Q
- Anaerobic respiration
1
1
1
1
and water.
1
6
1
(b)
P1-The muscle cells of the athlete undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce energy
P2-During intensive physical activity / running / sprinting// when the athlete start running (t =
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
10
Marking scheme
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1
1
1
Marks
R:Tracheole
1
1
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Aspect
Marks
Explain one adaptation of the respiratory structure in diagram for efficient gaseous
exchange
Structural
Adaptation
P1-The large number of tracheoles provides a large surface for the diffusion of gases
P2-Tips of tracheoles have thin permeable wall and contain fluid in which
respiratory gases can dissolved
P3-Terminal ends the tracheoles remains moist which allows teh gases to be
dissolved
Explain how structure Q and S increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in each
organism 2
F-Consists of million alveoli in lungs and many tracheal Tubes/Tracheole/thin
layer/1 cell thick
1
1
P1-To increase total surface area per volume rate for gaseous exchange
F2-The inner surface of alveolus and tracheoles end consists of tissue fluid moisture
P2-To provide moist surface for gas diffusion /to dissolve oxygen /gases for
diffusion Any F +P
Breathing
mechanism
1
1
1
1
1
Diagram 7.1 (i), (ii) and (iii) show the respiratory structure of an insect. Describe the
respiratory structure and breathing mechanism of and insect
R-respiratory structure
R1-The tracheal system consists of network of trachea
R2-The trachea is lined with chitin to prevent dorm collapsing R3-Spiracles is tiny
opening thet allow air to go in and out
R5-The tracheole branch throughout the body and temperature and penetrate into
body tissues / muscle
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Breathing mechanism
B1-When inside inhales, the abdominal muscles relax and spiracles open
B4-So increase air pressure in side trachea and forces air out through spiracles
B5-Inesct inhale and exhale through rhythmic contraction and expansion of their
abdominal muscles
B6-the body movement and contraction of abdominal muscle speed up the rate of
diffusion of gases from trachea into body cells
Breathing
mechanism
P3- Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is higher than
partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in tracheole .
P4- Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Aspect
Marks
Breathing
mechanism
Diagram show a trachea system of and insect Based on the diagram explain the gases
exchange between the tracheoles and muscle cells
F-there are concentration gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tracheoles
& body cells
E4-Carbon dioxide concentration is higher in the cells while lower in the tracheoles
E5-Carbon dioxide diffuses directly form the cells into the trachoeles
Marking scheme
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Aspect
Structural
adaptation
Breathing
Mechanism
Breathing
mechanism
Inhalation
Marks
Explain one adaptation of the respiratory structure in diagram 1.1 (b) and diagram
1.2 (b) for efficient gaseous exchange
P1-Th e have numerous thin walled lamellae to maximize the surface area for
gaseous exchange
P2-The gills filament have numerous thin membrane and covered by net work of
capillaries to transport respiratory gases
Based on the diagram explain how the oxygen is drawn from mouth to X(gill)
P1-Mouth closes
E2-At the same time, the opercular cavity enlarges and operculum closes
P1 - When the mouth opens, the floor of the buccal cavity is lowered./Increase the
volume/ space of the buccal cavity
P2-opercular cavity enlarges and operculum closes
P3 - This lowers the pressure in buccal cavity .
P4 - Water with dissolved oxygen is drawn into the mouth.
Exhalation
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Marks
Respiratory
structural
X: Bucco-pharyngeal
Y: Glottis
Structural
adaptation
Breathing
Mechanism
Respiratory gases flow in and out through the lungs .Describe the characteristic of
the frogs lungs
E1-Numerous inner partition to increase the surface area
E2-Membrane of lungs are thin and moist to facilitate the efficient diffusion of
respiratory gases
Structure Y in diagram 3.1 had been injured .Describe how this condition affect the
respiration of the frog
E1- Glottis unable to open and close
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Marking scheme
Marks
Respiratory
structure
P2-Avoid the trachea form collapse when the out side pressure is higher than inside
pressure
P3-oxygen can continuously flow through trachea to the alveoli/lung F-1m P-1m
Explain the effects of the breathing mechanism if structure R is unable to function
P1-Structure R is diaphragm.
State the important characteristic of alveoli to ensure the function in (a) is efficient 1
P1-Have very large total surface area//
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Describe the characteristic of the respiratory structure of human that enable gaseous
exchange to be carried out efficiently
Breathing
mechanism
P1-the ratio total surface area per volume (TSA/V) is high for the exchange of gases
P2-the cells lining the respiratory surface is a single layer of cell which is very thin to
allow gases to diffuses easily
P4-the respiratory surface is covered with a dense network capillaries to allow rapid
diffusion and transport of gases
Describe how intercostals muscle and diaphragm can change the volume and pressure
in the thoracic cavity during inhalation
P1-External intercostals muscle contract/internal intercostals muscle relax caused the
ribs cage moves out wards and upwards
P3-The volume of thoracic cavity increase but the pressure decrease ( lower the
atmospheric pressure)
1
1
P3-diaphragm contracts/flattens
Exhalation :
P1-External intercostals muscle relax//internal costal muscle contract
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Marking scheme
(a)
Marks
Rubber cork
Glass tube
Bell Jar
Balloon
Thin rubber sheet
String
Based on the model of the lungs in Figure 3.1, what are the equivalent structures to the glass
tube and the bell jar in the human respiratory system?
Glass tube:
Trachea /
Bell jar :
Rib cage / ribs
Balloon :
lung
Rubber sheet: diaphragm
(b)
1
1
1
1
The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the human respiratory system.
What is the function of the thin rubber sheet in the model of the lungs?
To increase / decrease the pressure / volume in the bell jar
(c)
(d)
1
1
1
1
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The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired and expired air is
determined by using the J-tube.
Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium hydroxide solution and then followed by
potassium pyrogallol solution? 1
To prevent oxygen gas being absorbed by the potassium pyrogallol solution as it can absorb
both carbon dioxide and oxygen
(g)
(ii) Table 3.3 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expired air.
Type of gas
Inspired air / %
Expired air / %
Oxygen
21.0
16.0
Carbon dioxide
0..04
4.0
Nitrogen gas
78.0
78.0
Water vapour
Vary
Saturated
Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air.
P1-The concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the cell body; released from the cellular
respiration
P2-Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood to be transport to the lungs.
1
1
Marking scheme
Marks
(a)
S
P
Q
State one similarity and one difference of structure P in diagram 2.1 and 2.2
Similarity: both wall of P consisting ring to strengthen it
Differences: the wall of P in insect consists of chitin ring while P in human consists of cartilage
ring
(b)
1
1
Humans and cockroach have different respiratory system .Explain one difference between the
respiratory system of human and a cockroach
F1-Respieratory structure of cockroach consists of trachea and spiracles while the respiratory
structure of human consists of a trachea and a pair of lungs
P1-tracheae of cockroach are branch into 2 bronchi which enter the right and left lungs
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P2-Thr trachea of human branched into 2 bronchi which enter the right and left lungs
P3-The bronchi of human branched ito smaller tubes called bronchioles which ends in a cluster
of sacs called alveoli
(c)
Explain one similarity and four differences between the respiratory organs of insect and human
Similarities
OR
S2-Both of respiratory organs has respiratory surface such as alveolus in human and tracheole
in an insect
1
1
E3-T provide a large surface area for rapid diffusion of gases 9 to and form the alveoli0 in
human but tracheole direct contact to the tissue ( and organs)
E5-to speed up the movement of gases to and form the insects tissue
D6-in human air enters the lungs through the nostrils but spiracles in insects
10
D2-Gill have filament and lamella to increase the surface area, but lung of frog have numerous
inner partition to increase the surface area
D3-Gill received oxygen directly form water , but lungs and skin of frog received oxygen form
the atmosphere
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(d)
Describe the comparison between the respiratory system in insect and human 8
Similarities:
F1-The structure of tracheal system and trachea branches into small tubes
E1-increase the total surface area of tracheole/alveolus so that increase the efficiency of gases
exchange
F2-moist surface on tracheole and alveolus
E3-To ensure the simple diffusion can take place /Increase rate of diffusion of respiratory
gaseous
Insects
Aspect
Human
F4-Consists of spiracles,
Respiratory structure
Consists of nose trachea,
trachea and tracheoles
bronchus, bronchioles ad
alveolus
E4-Air enters through
Air enter through nose into
spiracles into tracheoles
lungs/alveolus
F5-Tracheoles directly contact
Alveolus is surrounded by a
with the muscle cells
large network of blood
capillaries
F6-Trachea is reinforced/
supported with ring of chitin
E6-Prevent the trachea form
collapsing due to different air
pressure
F7-Does not have red blood
cell to transport oxygen
Trachea is reinforced/
supported with ring of
cartilage
P5-Prevent the trachea form
collapsing
Oxygen transportation
The diffusion of
oxygen into the cells
Product of respiration
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
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Marking scheme
Marks
(a)
Explain three adaptation from structure show in diagram 2 (b)(ii) to carry out its function
efficiently
(b)
(c)
(d)
P1-Thin membrane /one cell thick for easily diffusion of respiratory gases
Y is the respiratory surface in human, explain how gaseous exchange occurs between structures
Y and blood capillary
P1-t he partial pressure of oxygen in Y is higher than in blood capillaries
Humans and fish have different respiratory systems, Explain one differences between the
respiratory system of human and fish 3
F1-the respiratory system of fish of gills while the respiratory system of human consists of a
trachea and pair of lungs
P1-A fish has four pairs of gills which are covered by operculum//the surface of each gills
Filament has many plate like projections called lamella
P2-the trachea of human branched into 2 bronchi which enter the right and left lungs//The
bronchi of human branched into smaller tubes called bronchioles which ends in a cluster of sac
called alveoli
What are the differences between respiratory system of human and fish?
P1-gill is the respiratory organ for fish nut is for human
P2-gill have filament and lamella to increase the surface area, but lung have alveoli to increase
the surface area
P4-Gill receives oxygen directly from water, but lung received oxygen form atmosphere via
trachea , bronchus and bronchioles
3
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7.3Gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces and transport of gases in humans
The process of gaseous exchange across the surface of the alveolus and blood capillaries and between the
tissue capillaries and the body tissue cells
No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
(b)
X : Oxygen
Y : Carbon dioxide
(c)
Explain the difference between the concentration of gas x and Y in blood vessel Q
F1 : The concentration of gas X in blood vessel Q is lower than gas Y
E1 : Oxygen has been used by the body cells /cellular respiration
E2 : (Cellular respiration) produces gas Y
E3 : to be sent to the lung (to be excreted)
(d)
(e)
(f)
1
1
1
1
Q:Pulmonary artery
Describe the role of blood vessel P in transporting oxygen form alveolus to muscle cells
P1-In the blood, Oxygen form alveolus combine with respiratory pigment/haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin /oxygenated blood
P3-the heart pump the oxygenated blood to muscle cells via the aorta Any2
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(a)
State the process by which gaseous exchange takes place across alveolus1
(Simple) diffusion
(b)
(c)
(d)
State two ways how the alveolus are adapted for efficient gaseous exchange
P1-Thin wall
P2-Moist
P3-Rich with blood capillary
(e)
1
1
1
Explain how the alveolus is structured to increased the efficiency of gaseous exchange
F1 : Alveolus has thin wall ( one cell thick)
E1 : Gaseous can diffuse in and out through the wall more efficiently / Quick /easy gases
diffusion
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
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(f)
OR
P3- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide on alveolus is higher than the partial pressure of oxygen
in the blood capillaries/Carbon dioxide oxygen concentration is higher in alveolus than in the
blood capillaries
P4- Carbon dioxide diffuses form alveolus into the blood capillaries
(g)
1
1
E2-ATP/energy released
No
Marking scheme
Marks
(a)
R
P
Q
Based on the diagram 3.2 name X and Y
(b)
(c)
X: oxygen
Y: Carbon dioxide
Y:Alveolus
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(d)
1
1
1
1
1
(e)
Explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration in Diagram 4.1 (in human )
(f)
E2-Carbon dioxide concentration /partial pressure in the blood capillaries is higher than in
alveolus MAX:2
Explain how the red blood cell accepts oxygen form alveolus and transfer to the cell
P1-Oxgen diffuses into the blood plasma
(g)
CO2
O2
.
Based on the diagram , explain the exchange of respiratory gases
P1-Respiratory surfaces in human are alveoli.
P2-The concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is higher than its concentration in the blood
1
160
capillaries.
1
P3-Oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood capillaries.
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P4The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood capillaries is higher than its concentration
in the alveoli.
P5-Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood capillaries of the lungs into the alveoli.
P6-Blood leaving the blood capillary of the lungs has higher concentration of oxygen and lower
concentration of carbon dioxide
1
1
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Aspect
Diagram 7 (ii) (a))
shows a boy
watching television
Marking scheme
Marks
F1-At rest, the respiratory rate is normal /12-20 breaths per minute
(Relaxing)
Diagram m 7 (ii(b))
shows a man is
chased by a fierce
dog
(In fear)
Diagram 7 (ii(c))
shows a man
climbing a
mountain
(At high altitude)
Marking scheme
Marks
(a)
30 breath per minute while the heartbeat rate increase to 120 beats per minute .Explain how the
body During vigorous activities such as swimming running and aerobic the breathing rate
increase to about regulates the carbon dioxide content in human body 7
P1-during vigorous exercise , the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increase //rate of cellular
respiration increase
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P3-(due to high level of co2 in blood ), its results in a drop im the pH value of the blood
( and)/cerebrospinal fluid
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
In an experiment, a boy takes part in an 800 meter event track. His exhaled air was obtained
three times which were before running, right after he finished running and 10 minutes after
running to determine the percentage of carbon dioxide. Table 3.1 shows the result of the
experiment.
Percentage of carbon
dioxide (%)
Before running
After 10 minutes
running
4%
7.5%
4%
Based on the table 3.1, Explain how the percentage of carbon dioxide is returned to normal
after 10 munites running 4
E1 : The high concentration of carbon dioxide
E2 : decreases the blood pH
E3 : Detected by central chemoreceptor and/ peripheral chemoreceptor
E4 : Impulses are sent to the respiratory centre
E5 : (Impulses are sent to) the cardiac and respiratory muscles
E6 : Increase the heart beat and breathing rate
E7 : To remove excess carbon dioxide (so that the of carbon dioxideis returned tonormal)
Notes : Choose any three Es
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(b)
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1
1
1
1
(d)
(e)
P2-the body cells lack oxygen //Less oxygen is transported to the body cells
Smoker do not realize that they destroy their respiratory organ during smoking, Explain how
this habit will affect the intake of oxygen efficiency
E1-Carbon monoxide
1
1
P4-Nicotine can stimulate the production of cancer cell in trachea and lung.
164
P5-Heat and dryness irritation the lungs and can lead to laryngitis
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7.6Respiration in plants
The intake of oxygen by plants for respiration
No
(a)
Marking scheme
Marks
Like animals, plants also respire aerobically to obtain energy for metabolism . They derive
most their energy from cellular respiration .during cellular respiration, the plants cells take
in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Based on the above statement, describe the intake of oxygen by the plants for respiration
S1-The intake occurs by diffusion mainly through stomata and lenticels
S2-Stomata can be found in epidermis of leaves. the stem of herbaceous plants
S3-Lenticels can be found on the stems and root of plants
1
1
Explanation
P1-When stomata open, they connect the air space (within the leave) to atmosphere
P2-Oxygen form the atmosphere diffuses into the air spaces
P3-then dissolves in the film of water around the mesophyll cells
P4-So the concentration of oxygen in the cells becomes lower than in the air spaces
P5-Thus, oxygen diffuse continuously form air space to the cell
P6-During daytime, carbon dioxide that is produced during respiration is used in
photosynthesis
P7-The excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the air spaces and then through stomata into
atmosphere
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
Diagram 6.1 shows the surface view of lower epidermis in a leaf of a plant.
Diagram 6.2 shows part of cross section of a woody stem.
Broken epidermis
Pore M
Epidermal cell
Cork tissue
Guard cell
Pore M
Explain the gas uptake for respiration through pores M and N in the plant
Through M:
F- (In day time) stoma / M (in the epidermis of the leaf) open
P1-Oxygen from the atmosphere diffuses (through stoma) into intercellular air spaces
ll (and palisade mesophyll)
P2- follow the concentration gradient
Through N:
P3- At the lenticels (N) oxygen from atmosphere diffuses into the air spaces between cork cells
which are loosely arranged
P4- then diffuses into the cells at the stem /and old roots
1
1
1
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Marking scheme
Marks
Diagram 6.4 shows the changes in the volume of carbon dioxide absorbed or released by a
plant in different light intensity
(c)
Explain the changes in the volume of carbon dioxide absorbed or released by a plant in
different light intensity
P1-glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to release energy produces ethanol, CO2
(and energy)
P2- cells in the roots of rice plants are extremely tolerant of ethanol
P3-Many of the roots are very shallow
P4-the roots use the oxygen which diffuses into the water surface.
P5-Rice stem contain a large number of air spaces
P6-(the air space) allow oxygen to penetrate through to the cells of roots ( growing in the
absence of oxygen)
Explain the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and the rate of respiration in the
plant at points P, Q, R and S.
At P :
P1-In the dark / low light (intensity), only respiration occurs
P2-hence large quantity of CO2 is produced/released
P3-As light (intensity) increases the quantity of CO2 / produce decreases
P4because part of CO2 produced during respiration is used for photosynthesis
P5-sugar used in respiration more rapidly than it is produced in photosynthesis
At Q:
P6- (At this point of light intensity) all the CO2 release from respiration is reused / equivalent
to CO2 used up during photosynthesis // no net gain or loss in CO2 / sugar produced
P7- rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration
P8-this point is called compensation point
P9-net gaseous exchange is zero
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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At R:
P10- as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis become faster than / exceed the rate
of respiration
P11-the CO2 needed is obtained from the atmosphere (at the same time) excess O2 is releases
(into the atmosphere)
At S:
P12- is the light saturation point
P13-an increase in light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis // maximum rate
of photosynthesis (Any 8)
(d)
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10
An experiment on a plant is carried out to study the rate of water loss from 0500 to 0300 the
next day. Graph 6.1 shows the result of the experiment and diagram 6.2 shows the structure of a
stoma and the cells found in the epidermal layer of a leaf.
Based on the graph, explain how light intensity and the structure in diagram 6.2 affect the rate
of water loss 10
F1 : From 0500 to 0170, the rate of water loss increases
E1: Light intensity increases
E2 : stimulates photosynthesis in the guard cells./ (The guard cells) start producing glucose
E3 : This makes energy available for potassium to move into guard cells
E4 by active transport
E5 : (The guard cells) become hypertonic (compared to the cell sap) of the epidermal cells.
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E6 : Water molecules from the epidermal cells diffuse into the guard cells by osmosis
E7 : Causing the guard cells to bend outwards
E8 : the stoma opens (to allow water to escape to the atmosphere through it)
F2 : From 0170 to 0300, the rate of water loss decreases
E9 : Light intensity decreases / causes the rate of photosynthesis to decrease / soon stop.
E10 : The guard cells become flaccid
E11 : and bend inwards
E12: The stoma closes and this prevent water molecules to escape through it.
Notes : (F1 + any 5 Es) + (F2 + 3 Es)
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10
Marking scheme
Marks
Organelle P / mitochondria
Organelle Q/ chloroplast
Process
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Aim /purpose
Released energy
Stores energy
Raw material
Glucose, oxygen
Products
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1
1
1
Energy
(b)
D1-Alveolus
Leaf
D3-Absent of chlorophyll
Presence of chlorophyll
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Extra Question
Diagram 7.1 shows how the respiratory gases are transported in the human body
(i) Based on Diagram 7.1, explain how the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the body cells
Aspect
Transport of oxygen
Marking scheme
P1: The blood circulatory system transport oxygen from the alveoli to the body
cells.
P2: Oxygen combines with the haemoglobin in the red blood cells
P3: to form oxyhaemoglobin (which is unstable.)
P4: Oxygen is carried (in form of oxyhaemoglobin) to the tissues (which have a
low partial pressure of oxygen.)
P5: The (unstable) oxyhaemoglobin breaks down into oxygen and haemoglobin
again.
P6: Oxygen (molecules are) transferred to the body cells
Transport of
carbon dioxide
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