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notebook
April11,2011
WarmUp
1)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourlowercaseletters
followedbytwodigits(09)?
Permutations 4/11
26x26x26x26x10x10=45,697,600
2)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourdistinctlowercase
lettersfollowedbytwodistinctdigits(09)?
26x25x24x23x10x9=32,292,000
3)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourlowercaseor
uppercaselettersfollowedbytwodistinctdigits(09)?
52x52x52x52x10x9=658,045,440
Anexclamationmarkisusedtodenotethefactorialoperation.
PermutationApermutationsisusedtodescribeacountingprocedurein
whichordermatters.Apermutationofasetofobjectsisan
arrangementoftheobjectsinacertainorder.
Iftheorderdoesn'tmatter,itisaCombination
"Myfruitsaladisacombinationofapples,grapesandbananas"Wedon't
carewhatorderthefruitsarein,theycouldalsobe"bananas,grapesandapples"
or"grapes,applesandbananas",itsthesamefruitsalad.
Computethefollowing:
1)10!
2)5!x4!
IftheorderdoesmatteritisaPermutation.
"Thecombinationtothesafewas472".Nowwedocareaboutthe
order."724"wouldnotwork,norwould"247".Ithastobeexactly472.
So,weshouldreallycallthisa"PermutationLock"!
3)
4)0!
5)
Therearebasicallytwotypesofpermutation:
RepetitionisAllowed:suchasthelock.Itcouldbe"333".
NoRepetition:forexamplethefirstthreepeopleinarunningrace.
Youcan'tbefirstandsecond.
a.
b.
411Permutations.notebook
Summary:Therearen!waystoarrangenobjectsin
groupsofnatatime.
*PermutationsofallelementsP(n,n)=n!
April11,2011
Example:IfyouhavethreefriendstosendtextmesagestoTaylor,
Justin,andAubrey,howmanydifferentwayscanyoutextyour
friendsifordermatters?
P(3,3)=3!
Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowingsix
ballsifallballsmustbeused?
Example:Howmanydifferentbattingordersexistforthenine
positionsofabaseballteamwhereanypositioncanbatatanyspot
intheorder?
P(9,9)=9!
Example:Computethenumberofdifferentpermutationsoftheset
{pepperoni,sausage,onions,mushrooms}.
Example:SupposeyouworkatamusicstoreandhavefourCDsyou
wishtoarrangefromlefttorightonadisplayshelf.ThefourCDs
arehiphop,country,rock,andalternative.Howmanyoptionsdo
youhave?
=4!
=4!
Example:Howmanywayscansixdifferentradiocommercialsbe
playedduringaonehourradioprogram?
=6!
n=totalnumberofitemsyouhavefromwhichtochoose
r=thenumberyouareactuallygoingtouse
*Permutationsinvolvingsomeelementsfromthepopulation
Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowingsixballsif
onlythreeballsmustbeused?
Example:Howmanydifferentwayscanthelettersinthewordriotbe
arranged?
P(4,4)=4!
Example:Youhave9friends,butyouonlyneedtotextthree
ofthemwhenordermatters.Findthenumberofwaystotext
yourfriends.
Example:Howmanydifferentwayscanacitybuilding
inspectorvisitfouroutoffivebuildingsinthecityifshe
visitsthemisaspecificorder?
411Permutations.notebook
April11,2011
=6!
P(8,6)=
3.
Permutationsinvolvingsomeidenticalelements
How many different ways can you have a first place, second place,
and a third place winner?
Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowing:
3blueballs,2redballs,and1greenball?
4. Eight people go to the movie theater.
How many ways can they be seated in one row (eight seats)?
P(8,8)=8!
5. How many ways can they be seated if Sally
and Betty have to sit by each other?
2!6!(7)
Thetotalnumberofpermutationsforthearrangementofthesixballsis6!,
butthesearenotdistinctpermutations.Thedistinctionbetweenthe
permutationswithinthreeblueballsandalsobetweenthetworedballsis
notpossible,resultinginrepetitionwhichincludesnondistinct
permutations.Inordertoeliminatethisrepetition,thetotalnumberof
permutationsaredividedbythepermutationsoftherepeatedelements.
Example1:HowmanydistinctpermutationscanbemadefromthenameAJAY?