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HISTORY
2 COMMENTS
[World History] 550 Mock Questions on Colonization, Decolonization; Revolutions: French, American,
Russian; Unification: Italy, Germany, World Wars & More
Prologue
Imperialism and Colonization
Industrial Revolution
Socialism, Communism, Capitalism, Revolutions
France
America
Russia
China
Japan
Germany
Italy
World Wars
Decolonization, Nationalism Rise of, Redrawing Boundaries Post WW2
Prologue
if the question contains less than 4 words then assume it is meant for 2 or 5 marker, Otherwise 12-15-20 marker.
~550 questions shamelessly lifted from:
1. Last 12 term end exams of IGNOU BA, MA history course code: EHI6, EHI7 and MHI2
2. Previous papers of UPSC (History) Optional Subject Paper II from 1979 to 2012
3. Old NCERT Class 10 (Arjun Dev): all the relevant chapters already uploaded on Mrunal.org/History
Some of these questions are outside the syllabus and/or beyond the (expected) difficulty level of General Studies Mains paper,
hence Readers discretion is advised.
Copy pasting the Official syllabus for Mains GS Paper 1:
History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redraw of national boundaries,
colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society
Discuss the basic feature of colonialism in what ways colonialism is different from imperialism?
European conquest of the world
Explain the workings of Imperialism in the context of any one imperialist country.
In what ways are colonialism and imperialism related to each other?
Mercantilism.
What is colonialism? Give an account of the different stages of colonialism.
Write a note on the process of the expansion of the world by European powers.
Write a note on the process through which the European powers conquered the entire world.
Colonial state
Critically discuss the various theories of imperialism.
Canton System
Discuss the measures taken by the British state towards modernisation.
What was the impact of Colonialism on Africa? Discuss.
Write a note on the imperialist rivalries that developed in the late 19th and the early 20th century.
Define nation. What is the process through which nations have emerged in the world?
Discuss the main features of direct colonial domination by European powers
Discuss the three stages of British colonialism in India.
Examine the features of colonialism with reference to the stages through which it developed.
Making of the British Nation-State
Write a note on Theories of Imperialism
What is colonialism? Discuss the various stages of colonialism.
What is colonialism? Write a note on the stages of its development.
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A cleaver conquer will always impose his demands on the conquered by installments.
After 1757 there grew up a State of Bengal which was a sponsored state as well as a plundered state.
Assess critically the economic impact of the British rule in India till the end of the nineteenth century.
At the end of the battle of Sedan (1870), Europe lost a mistress and gained a master.
By 1914, the sick man of Europe was no longer just Turkey : it was Europe itself. Explain.
Colonies are like fruits which cling to the tree only till they ripen.
Critically examine the culture system in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) during the nineteenth century. Why was it dismantled?
Critically examine the Dutch colonial policy in Indonesia.30
Discuss the emergence of neo-imperialism in the late nineteenth century.
Discuss the view that the British rule brought about economic changes in India to serve the needs of the imperial economy and
establish a dependent form of underdevelopment in this country.
Explain how American imperialism in Philippines differed with European imperialism in Indonesia and Indo-China.
Explain the British policy of Subordinate union of Indian States with British India from 1858 onwards? How did the Government
of India implement this policy during this period?
Holland was engaged in a systematic exploitation of Indonesia in the nineteenth century. Elucidate.
If imperialism is viewed as a phase of the struggle for power between States, its result must be judged in terms of its role in power
politics.
Imperialism and Colonialism have long employed as instruments of national policy.
In all the long annals of Imperialism, the partition of Africa is a remarkable freak.
Mercantilist philosophy was based upon a belief that private & social interests are not necessarily in harmony.
New imperialism was a nationalistic, not an economic phenomena.
One great effect of the geographical discoveries of the 15th century was the growing belief that America, Asia and Africa were to
be used extensively for the benefit of Europeans.
Orientalism produced a knowledge of the past to service the needs of the Colonial States. Elucidate.
Plantations and mines, jute, banking, insurance, shipping and export-import concerns in India were run through a system of
interlocking managing agencies.
Portugal and Spain, the pioneers in world exploration, were also first in the race to conquer overseas countries
Rabindranath Tagores nationalism was based on a Catholic internationalism.
The British conquest of Sind was both a political and moral sequel to the first afghan war. Comment.
The British industrial policy in the nineteenth century ruined the Indian handicrafts.
The British Raj had a deeply racist aspect and it ultimately existed to protect colonial exploitation.
The Christian Missionary propaganda from 1813 onwards was often insensitive and wounding.
The countries in the Middle East became, after 1919, the scene of constant effervescence and some striking changes.
The Crimean War was the most useless war ever waged.
The discovery of the new world, coinciding with the swift diffusion of printed books, taught the Europeans that Truth is the
daughter not of authority, but of time.
The educated middle class in the 19th century often found the domain of reason to be oppressive, as it implied the historical
necessity of civilizings colonial rule.
The forces of free trade and the British determination to create a political and administrative environment conductive to trade and
investment had shaped the British policy towards India in the first half of the nineteenth century. Elucidate.
The Government of India from Canning to Curzon was regarded as a white mans burden rather than as a call to creative effort or
the preparation for a new era.
The Indian Middle Class firmly believed that Britain had imposed a colonial economy on India which had impoverished the
country.
The Montague Declaration (20 August 1917) was observed more closely in the realm of imperial relations than anything else.
The period 1919 to 1945 is important in the history of Egypt for the explanation of its resources by Great Britain and rise of
strong nationalism. Discuss.
The railways, instead of serving as the catalyst of an industrial revolution as in Western Europe and the USA, acted in India as the
catalyst of complete colonization.- Examine.
The rise and expansion of British empire was an accident rather than the result of a deliberate policy and design. Critically
examine this statement.
The simultaneous expansion of European powers overseas during the last quarter of the 19th century brought them into frequent
collisions at a remote points all over Africa and Asia.
The sponsors of the overseas expansion of Europe were national monarchies.
The treaties made at the Paris Peace conference in 1919-20 were replete with unstable compromises, reflecting more materialism
than idealism. Elucidate.
Trace the stages in the partition of Africa after 1870. How did it affect international relations?
Trace the various stages of European imperialism in Africa in the nineteenth century.
What do you understand by Imperialism? How did it affect the people of Asia in the nineteenth century?
What do you understand by imperialism? State briefly its unique features in the case of Africa?
What was the culture system in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) during the 19th century? Why was it dismantled?
Write a critique on the partition of Africa from 1870 to 1914, with particular reference to Germanys imperial designs in the
Continent.
Describe the steps, giving examples, by which the imperialist countries took over most of Africa.
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Why were Asian and African countries so easily dominated by the Western powers?
How did nationalism help to make imperialism popular in Europe?
Describe the emergence of the United States of America as an imperialist power Give examples
Explain the meaning of the following terms, with examples: Sphere of influence, exploitation, extraterritorial rights, protectorate,
Monroe Doctrine, Dollar diplomacy.
Prepare maps of Asia and Africa showing the colonies and spheres of influence of the various imperialist powers before the First
World War
Study the developments that have taken place in Africa after the revolution in Portugal in April 1974
Write an essay on Slavery and Slave Trade and the Struggle for their Abolition
How did the empires of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries differ from the empires of ancient times for example, those of the
Mauryas, the Romans and of Alexander?
Discuss the differences between the imperialist expansion during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries and 1870 to 1914
Name and discuss some of the big problems faced by newly independent countries Why are their problems also the problems of
all countries?
Discuss the long-term impact of imperialist control on the countries of Asia, Africa and South America
Lord Beaconsfield after his return from the Congress of Berlin (1878) boasted : I have brought peace with honor.
The Eastern Question has always been an international question. Elucidate.
Industrial Revolution
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The ideology of Subhash Chandra Bose was a combination of nationalism, fascism and communism.
What were the features of the lower middle classes and the working classes in Europe in the 18th century?
Analyze the changes in social structure as a result of modernization in the western world.
Critiques of Capitalist Economy
Explain the views of Rousseau, Karl Marx and Mahatma Gandhi on the nature of State.
How did a nation state system develop among the countries of Europe in the 19th century?
How did the nation-states develop in 19th century Europe?
How was the socialist pattern of industrialization different from the capitalist one?
Liberal Theory of the State
Make a comparison between the Capitalist and the Socialist patterns of industrialization.
Marx on demographic change
Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism
War communism
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Welfare State
What do you understand by the state? What is the Marxist understanding of the state?
What do you understand by the state?Write a note on the major theories of the state.
What is capitalist industrialization?Write a note on the various theories for the emergence of capitalism. Write a note on the
European penetration of the New world.
What is nationalism?Write a note on its emergence in modern world.
Write a note on commercial capitalism.
Write a note on the socialist critique of capitalist economy.
Comintern
Comment on the formation of the Nation State in Britain. How was the British national identity fostered?
Define and discuss the characteristics of industrial capitalism.
Define class society. Distinguish between pre- modern and modern class society.
Analyse the factors that helped the growth of nationalism in Eastern Europe.
Chartist Movement in England
Discuss some features of the socialist Europe in the post war world.
Discuss the development of new social classes in Europe.
Discuss the political transition in Britain between 1780-1850.
Discuss the position of the peasantry with the development of capitalism in Europe.
Discuss the process through which Britain made a transition to a modern polity.
Discuss the role of bureaucracy in the foundation of the Modern State in Europe.
Discuss the role of the bureaucracy in the formation of modern European states.
What was the nature of industrial capitalism as it developed in France?
What led to the economic crisis in Europe in 1929?
What was the nature of the liberal democratic regimes that developed during the period after the First World War?
What was the process through which a modern class society emerged in Europe?
Why did the First Socialist Revolution take place in Russia?
Write a note on modern state and polity as it developed in Europe.
Write a note on the Chartist movement.
Write a note on the development of industrial capitalism in England.
Write a note on the emergence of new social groups in 19th century Europe.
Discuss the significance of Industrial Capitalism in Europe.
Doctrine of Free Trade
How did Industrial Capitalism develop in England?
How did the landed classes in England respond to the changes in the economy?
How did the Ottoman Empire break down and make way for the emergence of a nation-state system?
Industrial Capitalism
Revolutions of 1848
The Working Class
Was the British state able to develop a notion of liberty between 1780 1850?
What are the characteristic features of nationalism as it developed in Europe?
What are the main features of industrial capitalism?
What are the main features of the modern state and polity?
What do you understand by class society ?Discuss.
What do you understand by nationalism? How did nationalism develop in Europe?
What is class society? Discuss the transition to the modern class society.
Write short note about Reform Act of 1832 in Britain
What is socialism? Why did the first socialist revolution occur in Russia?
What led to the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe? What were its consequences?
What was the demographic pattern in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Account for the growth of Liberalism in Britain in the nineteenth century. How far did it influence the contemporary social and
economic issues-in the country?
Discuss the nature of the leadership and programme of the Congress Socialist party.
Effect of British liberalism on the social or economic life of the people of England.
France was more fertile than Britain in producing new Socialist theories and movements, though they bore less concrete results in
France than in Britain.
Marxian Communism is primarily the offspring of German Hegelianism and French Socialism.
Most of the European Revolutions of 1848 were nationalist as well as popular insurrection against foreign rule and repressive
policy of Metternich.
President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal had the wish to start the political economy in a fresh, more promising direction. Do you
agree?
Protestantism contributed substantially to the rise of capitalism.
Review the background of the Chartist Movement. Despite its failure how had their demands been met in the succeeding years?
Rousseaus political philosophy contains the seeds of Socialism, Absolutism and Democracy.
The Bill of Rights (1688) set the seal on Parliamentary supremacy in England.
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The capitalism which gave the European empires their apparent solidarity and permanence also hastened their downfall.
The characteristic motive of this period (1830-1871) was not so much Liberalism as Nationalism.
The Communist international and the League of Nations both announced the end of the Balance of Power.
The emergence of left-wing group in the (Indian) congress radicalized its social economic agenda.
The perpetuation of the economic malaise was the main cause of the political instability of Europe during the next two decades
(1919-39). Explain.
The promptings of the heart are more to be trusted than the logic of the mind. Rousseau.
The roots of Chartism are partly political and partly economic. Elaborate.
Trace the growth of capitalism in Britain in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Why was France, as compared to Britain,
late in developing the capitalist spirit and the institutional framework of capitalism?
Trace the growth of Capitalism in England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. How did it affect the Wage System in the
country?
Trace the rise and growth of the New European Society in the inter-war period.
Explain the meaning of the following terms : Industrial Revolution, capital, capitalism, socialism, protective tariff, laissez faire.
What are the main features which distinguish capitalism from feudalism?
How did the growth of trade unions help to put on end to the idea of laissez faire?
Study the weaknesses and disadvantages of producing goods and services under the capitalist system of production. What are
the advantages that a socialist system can have over a society based on capitalism?
Explain why the Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of imperialism
Explain the following terms: Third Estate, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Junkers, Paris Commune, Means of Production, Socialism,
Utopian Socialists.
Two markers: Jefferson, Washington, Thomas Paine, Louis XVI, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Napoleon, Simon Bolivar,
Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour, Bismarck, Babeuf, Karl Marx.
When was the First International formed? What were its main contributions to the growth of the socialist movement?
When was the Second International formed? For which other great event is that year important? What were the main aims of the
Second International?
Select a suitable scale to show events on a time-line beginning with 1774 and ending with 1871. Show on this line the revolutions
and movements described in this chapter and the various events connected with them.
Explain the consequences of the economic crisis of 1929-33.
What, in your view, led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and of the communist governments there and mother countries of
Europe? Do you think this collapse means that ideas of socialism are no longer relevant? Discuss.
Discuss the Secret society movement in Europe.
Rosa Luxemburg
The Secret Society Movement in Europe.
Critically examine the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Did he want to introduce a sort of socialism?
France
1. Discuss the view that Louis XIV of France was a great king-the grand monarch.
2. French political writers of the eighteenth century were influenced by Locke and also by the curious contrast. Which they
perceived between the government of his country and their own.
3. How did Napoleon Bonaparte heal the wounds of France inflicted by the Revolution and correct the errors perpetrated by its
leaders?
4. How did Napoleon fuse the French of the ancient regime with the France of the post-revolutionary ear?
5. How did Nepoleon Bonapart fuse the old France with the new?
6. If monarchical misrole ignited the French revolution, lofty ideas both inspired and sustained it.
7. Louis XIV was the first French sovereign to make of monarchy a serious profession.
8. Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but in many ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he
sprang
9. No event as encompassing as the French Revolution occurs in an intellectual vacuum.
10. The connection between the philosophers and the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789) is somewhat remote and indirect.
11. The French Revolution (1789) really achieved far less than what it intended to effect. Do you agree?
12. The French Revolution (1789) sought to remove both the religious and secular props of the existing social order. Elucidate.
13. The French Revolution attacked privileges and not property.
14. The most important single factor in the years following 1919 was the French demand for security.
15. The Napoleonic Empire was doomed because of its inherent and self-defeating contradictions. Elucidate.
16. The scale, splendour and organized power of the monarchy of Louis XIV were something new in Europe.
17. The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in
their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution
18. To what extent did Napoleons economic war with England become his undoing?
19. What were the ideals of the French Revolution of 1789? How far is it correct to say that it overthrew mercantilism and the
surviving relics of feudalism and contributed to the political supremacy of the middle class?
20. What were the main ideas behind the French Revolution?
21. Explain why the following documents were revolutionary when they were written : Declaration of Independence, Declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen, Communist Manifesto.
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Explain the impact of the French Revolution on the Spanish colonies in America.
The Girondins
Cultural Legacy of the French Revolution
What is the legacy of the French Revolution for the modern world?
What was the impact of the French Revolution on the social and political life of France?
Discuss some aspects of agriculture in France during the 18th century.
Write a note on Bonapartism. What led to the failure of the Second Empire in France?
Write a note on the process through which a modern state developed in France.
Discuss the factors leading to the French evolution of 1789.
Discuss the impact of the French Revolution on political systems in Europe.
Explain how repression was combined with mobilisation of popular support under Bonapartism.
Explain the role of masses in overthrowing the Ancient Regime in France.
Landed classes in France
The Bourgeoisie
The Jacobin Republic and Terror
What are the salient features of modern politics as it developed in Europe after the French Revolution?
What led to the downfall of the Ancient Regime in France?
America
1. Critically examine the nature of the American War of Independence.
2. What were the distinguishing features of American society before the American revolution? How did they affect the subsequent
revolutionary process?
3. Discuss the characteristics of pre-revolutionary American society.
4. Discuss the important factors responsible for the American Revolution. What were the effects of the Revolution?
5. How did the peculiarity of being a new society affect the American Revolution?
6. The American Revolution
7. The notion of liberty
8. At the news of the Declaration of Independence crowds gathered to cheer, fire guns and cannon and ring church bells in
Philadelphia. Boston and other places, but there were many people in America who did not rejoice.
9. No Taxation without representation.
10. The American Revolution was a natural and even expected event in the history of colonial people who had come of age.
11. The American Revolution was essentially as economic conflict between American capitalism as British mercantilism.
12. The American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another .
13. The American war of Independence transformed Europeans as well as America.
14. The Great Depression (1928-34) was attended by momentous consequences in the economic as well as in the political sphere.
15. To some extent, the American War of Independence inspired the French Revolution
16. What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution? Do you agreee the US constitution being an
Economic Document?
17. How far is it correct to say that every feature of the American Constitution was ultimately of English Origin?
18. Explain briefly the conditions that brought about the American and French revolutions.
19. Write a note on People Revolt when Conditions become Unbearable, using the either French, Russian or American revolutions
as evidence.
20. Proto-nationalism
21. Examine the issues involved in the American Civil War. Was it a contest between two separate nations?
Russia
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16. What were the causes for the success of Bolshevik Revolution of 1917? Discuss its significance in the history of the world.
17. Stalinist Russia was a despotic regime. Critically examine this view.
18. Explain the following terms: Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Soviet, February Revolution, October Revolution, Bloody Sunday,
Communist International
19. Describe the social and economic conditions in Russia before the Revolution of 1917. How did Russias participation in the First
World War help create conditions for the fall of the Russian autocracy,
20. What were the main objectives of the Russian revolutionaries?
21. Describe the immediate consequences of the October Revolution on Russias participation in the First World War, the ownership
of land, and position of the non-Russian nationalities of the Russian empire.
22. Explain the attitude of the USSR. towards the movements for independence in Asia.
23. Collect pictures connected with the Russian Revolution for display. Describe the events and the role of personalities shown in the
pictures.
24. Collect documents connected with the Russian Revolution (for example, the text of the Decrees on Land and Peace) and select
statements for a bulletin board display.
25. Discuss the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world.
26. Discuss the view that the Russian Revolution was brought about by a small group of revolutionaries without the support of the
masses.
China
1. What were the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese economy? What was the attitude of Chinese bourgeoisie towards the
1911 Revolution?
2. Examine the main features of the May Fourth Movement.
3. By 1861, China may be said to have been fully though grudgingly opened to the Westerner.
4. Critically analysis the cause and the results of the Chinese revolution of 1940
5. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution of 1949 and analyse its significance.
6. Discuss the internal problem of China after the First World War and account for the establishment of Communist rule in the
China in 1949
7. Divided into spheres of influence by foreign powers, China in the 19th century presented a sorry spectacle. How did China react
to it?
8. Examine the circumstances in china in the years 1945-49. What did the United States do to resolve the conflict between the
Nationalists and the Communists there?
9. How did the Treaty Port System in China develop between 1840 and 1860? What was its inference on Chinese attitude to
foreigners?
10. Importance of the Opium War in the history of China. Give a critical account of the progress of merchantalism in the 17th
century. How far is it correct to say that it paved the way for the Industrial Revolution?
11. Review the political circumstances in China in the years 1945-49 leading to the establishment of the Communist rule in the land.
How did the United States seek to resolve the conflict between the Nationalists and the communists in the period?
12. The announcement of the creation of the Peoples Republic of China on October1, 1959 by Mao Zedong ended the civil war
between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party (KMT). Elaborate.
13. The Treaty of Nanking is the basic act in the imposing but unstable structure of international relations which governed China for a
hundred years.
14. The years 1840 to 1860 confronted the Ching dynasty and the people of China with unprecedented crises due to imperialist
designs of western powers. Discuss critically.
15. To what extent did the Western powers bring China under their domination without annexation?
16. Trace the distinct phases of the Sino-Japanese War. Assess its political economic and cultural impact on China, both occupied
and free.
17. Why is the period from 1842 to 1900 considered as half a century of humiliations in the history of China? What was the reaction
of China?
18. With the proclamation in Nanking of a Chinese Republic with Sun-Yat-Sen as the President in 1911, the old China wilted rapidly.
19. All long marches begin with small steps.
20. Analyse the factors responsible for the victory of the Communists in the civil war in China during 1945-49.
21. Analyse the nature and impact of Taiping Rebellion.
22. Analyse the various factors responsible for the early nineteenth-century crisis in China.
23. Boxer Rebellion
24. Canton system
25. Communist Party of China
26. Critically analyse the factors responsible for Boxer Rebellion. What was its significance?
27. Describe the main characteristics of traditional Chinese economy.
28. Discuss the agrarian programme of the Taipings. Why did the uprising fail?
29. Discuss the Chinese response to Western imperialism in the 1840s.
30. Discuss the contribution of Sun-Yat-Sen in the Chinese liberation movement.
31. Discuss the emergence of nationalism in China. Explain its important features.
32. Discuss the factors that hindered the growth of capitalism in China.
33. Discuss the factors which led to the Boxer Uprising. Explain the Boxer Protocol.
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Japan
1. How did Japan develop between 1868 and 1894? Did the Restoration of Meiji mark a sharp break with the past?
2. How did the Japanese occupation of South-East Asian countries during the Second World War give a boost to nationalize in the
regions? Explain with examples.
3. Show how the presence of a weak and helpless China next door brought about the rise of militarism and collapse of democracy
in Japan.
4. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty (1962) marks a milestone in the development of Japan as an Asiatic power.
5. The years 1853-1894 witnessed the transformation of Japan. Explain.
6. Trace the growth of militarism in Japan in the inter-war years. What international reaction did it provoke?
7. Describe the imperialist expansion of japan up to 1914
8. Analyse the main factors responsible for the decline of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
9. Analyse the significance of Anglo-Japanese alliance.
10. Anglo-French rivalry in Japan
11. Discuss the causes of the Russo-Japanese War. What was its impact on the nationalism in Asian countries?
12. Discuss the economic policies of the Meiji government.
13. Discuss the economic, social and political programme of the Peoples Republic of China.
14. Discuss the factors which led to the decline of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.
15. Discuss the main features of Meiji constitution.
16. Discuss the nature of Japanese imperialism up to the Second World War.
17. Discuss the political and economic implications of the Allied occupation of Japan.
18. Discuss the political and economic reforms which contributed towards the modernisation of Japan.
19. Discuss the stages of Japans emergence as an imperialist power during 1894-1912.
20. Explain the developments in the economy of Japan prior to World War II.
21. Explain the various ideologies behind the expansionist policy of Japan.
22. Failure of Political Parties in Japan
23. Japanese reaction to Allied Occupation
24. Kuomintang
25. Long March
26. Outline the stages of Japans emergence as an imperialist power during the period 1894 1912.
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Italy
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14. The unification of Italy and that of Germany constituted a contrast in respect of the ways they were affected and impact they left
on later international politics. Elucidate.
15. The unification of Italy completedthe destruction of the European order.
16. Trace the course of the movement for Italian Unification from 1848 with special reference to the contribution of Mazzini.
17. Trace the various stages that led to the Unification of Italy between 1848 and 1870.
18. What were the obstacles to Italian unification till 1852? How and with what methods was the unification of Italy achieved?
19. Describe the different stages in the unification of Germany and Italy.
20. What were the main features of the fascist and Nazi movements?
21. Describe the consequences of the victory of fascism on Italy and Germany.
22. What were the main aims of the foreign policies of Italy and Germany? Of Japan?
23. What were the views of Jawaharlal Nehru and the Indian National Congress on fascism?
World Wars
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How did the two World Wars affect politics in the 20th century?
What were the consequences of the advent of Nuclear Weapons?
Chemical Warfare
Write a note on the nature of the two World Wars.
Discuss the implications of first world war on human society.
Discuss the implications of second world war on human society.
How did the two World Wars affect the politics and economy of Europe?
What are main features of modern warfare?
Analyze the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and examine the validity of Germanys objections to the treaty.
Any single explanation for the outbreak of the First World War likely to be too simple. An amalgam of factors intellectual, social,
economic as well as political and diplomatic contributed to this horrifying conflict of monumental propositions. Explain.
In the long run, the Locarno Treaty (December 1925) was descriptive both of the Treaty of Versailles and of the Covenant.
In the post -Second World War scenario friends in war did not remain friends in peace. Examine the truth of this view in the
period of your study.
Show how the Spanish Civil War a prelude to World War II.
The Manchurian crisis decided the fate of the league of Nations.
The peace of Versailles lacked moral validity from the start.
The Treaty of Versailles was merely an armistice for twenty years.
The Wars (First World Wars) most permanent contribution to the spirit or the post-War years was disillusion.
Thus the League sought to achieve to profoundest of all psychological revolutions to transform the war mentality of man into a
peace mentality.
Treaty of Versailles contained the seeds of future conflicts.
Until December 1941 the battlefield of the Second World War was exclusively European and Atlantic; thereafter it became also
Asiatic and Pacific.
What led to the formation of the Berlin-Rome Tokyo axis? Indicate its impact on international politics.
Explain the basic reasons for the conflicts between European nations from the late nineteenth century to the early years of the
twentieth century.
What were the countries comprising the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente? What were the main aims of these groupings?
What is meant by the Pan-Slav movement? Why did it add to the conflict between Russia and Austria?
Explain the reasons for the entry of the United States in the First World War.
Why the war that broke out in 1914 is called the First World War?
Explain the consequences of the First World War on Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey
What were the purposes for which the League of Nations was established?
Why did Russia withdraw from the war after the 1917 Revolution?
On a map of the world, show the areas in Asia and Africa which caused conflicts among various European countries Also show
the European countries which emerged as independent states after the First World War.
How was the world redivided among the victorious powers? Prepare a map to show the territories which were taken over from
the defeated countries by the victorious countries.
Study the Fourteen Points of President Wilson and the peace treaties that were signed after the war. Make a checklist to show
which of the Fourteen Points were covered by the peace tea ties and which were not.
How far were imperialist rivalries the basic cause of the First World War?
Do you think the peace treaties laid the foundations of a just and stable peace? Discuss.
How is it that an otherwise minor incident led to the outbreak of a world war? Discuss.
What is meant by the term Axis Powers
Describe the main events between 1936 and 1939 which created conditions for another world war
What did the Western powers do to counter the aggressive acts of Japan, Italy and Germany between 1931 and 1938?
Explain the terms: Phoney War, Second Front, the Battle of Britain
Do you think Western policy of appeasement of the fascist powers brought about the Second World War? Why? Or why not?
What was the basic reason for the policy of appeasement?
Do you think the United States was justified in using the atom bomb against Japan?
Why did the Soviet Union sign the Non-Aggression Pact with Germany? What did she gain from it? Discuss
44.
45.
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What were the immediate consequences of the Second World War in Europe?
For a tired and timid generation Metternich was the necessary man.
The Brussels Treaty of 17 March, 1948 paved the way for the formation of NATO.
The international situation that confronted the peacemakers in Paris was in the brutal realities of history, the result of a temporary
redistribution of the balance of power in the world.
48. There was not only a difference of principles at Paris (Peace Conference) but a clash of personalities.
49. What do you understand by the notion of Total War? How did it affect military strategy?
47.
48.
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51.
Describe the changes which have taken place in South Africa after 1989
Trace the developments that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Describe the main changes which have occurred in Germany and the countries of Southern Europe since 1989
Discuss the factors which led to the weakening of imperialism after the Second World War
Some countries of Asia had become members of military alliances. Do you think it helped in strengthening their independence?
Why? Or why not? Give arguments with examples
52. Discuss the impact of the emergence of Asian and African countries as independent nations on the world.
53. Do you think the post-Cold War world is a safer place to live in and there is no danger of any country dominating over other
countries?
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Awsome..sir
prasanna
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really supreme work now no need to visit any previous year question paper of history and no need of any test series even, thanks sir please
do this for other topics to though i have done this on my own for some papers but no satisfaction dont no why today satisfied.full meals
tasty and lots of reading to digest.i am so happy