1

Water Resources Planning and Management

NAME :BAGARAGAZA ROMUALD
UNIVERSITY :Hohai University
STUDENT NUMBER :M2014028
COLLEGE: WATER CONSERVANCY AND HYDROPOWER ENGINEERING

AbstractComputer aided design CAD is developed to

assist in the preparation of input files for hydropower
engineering simulation models, in this paper the writer
want to high where and how AutoCAD is utilized to , to
extract, organize, and display watershed data (Robbins et
al 1965). The system input in AutoCAD system include
topographic data, watershed geometry data, and excel
data(Ellen Finkelstein 2007). The contour map is developed
in AutoCAD and edited in to show the current situation
of our waterway Yare, Evan (17 Feb 2012). The channel
the channel flow was drown and the hydraulic structures
was located. The watershed area, length was determined
and also the volume occupied by hydraulic structures was
determined.
keywords:CAD,Hydrologic
Modeling;Watershed
information system;AutoCAD;Surface runoff;delineate
watershed.

I. I NTRODUCTION
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for
2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting
available since 1982 as a desktop application and since
2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app marketed as
AutoCAD 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,
Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982,
running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers, Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most
commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user)
working at a separate graphics terminal(Ellen Finkelstein
2007). AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic
designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750
training centers worldwide as of 1994 (Mike Riddles
Prehistoric AutoCAD 2009). As Autodesks flagship
product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the
most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2015,
AutoCAD is in its thirtieth generation, and collectively
with all its variants, continues to be the most widely used
CAD program throughout most of the world.

A. Why CAD is needed hydropower engineering

We need an experienced CAD Technician in our
hydropower design team because, We design large, complex concrete structures to house hydro turbines. We also
design all of the fabricated ancillary parts and electrical
/ hydraulic systems, so a wide range of structural /
civil and mechanical and electrical knowledge is required
(Autodesk and Bentley 2008).
We currently use AutoCAD Civil 2D and 3D, and to
a lesser extent Autodesk Inventor. You would be working closely with our hydropower engineers to produce
general arrangement drawings for the whole hydropower
system, then these would be worked-up to become construction and fabrication drawings. You would also need
to specify everything in detail and could get involved in
other aspects of the projects if wanted (David Byrnes et
al 2007).
Key responsibilities for this role would include:
Working closely with the hydropower engineers to
turn their outline designs into fully detailed designs,
ready for construction.
Good attention to detail. We want to identify and
solve all constructional issues in the virtual space to
ensure projects run smoothly on-site (Mike Riddle et al
2009).

B. Definition
a)Hydropower: It may be a particularly bad joke, but
it does have something to do with this post. Hydropower
(or hydroenergy) is a form of renewable energy that uses
the water stored in dams, as well as flowing in rivers to
create electricity in hydropower plants (George Omura
2007).
Like other forms of electricity generation, hydropower
uses a turbine to help generate electricity; using the
energy of falling or flowing water to turn the blades.
The rotating blades spin a generator that converts the
mechanical energy of the spinning turbine into electrical
energy (David Byrnes et al 2007). The amount of electricity generated from each power plant depends on the

Figure 1 : Layer in AutoCAD for Delineation

quantity of the flowing water and the height from which

it falls.
Some hydropower plants have whats known as
pumped storage. This means at night, when demand for
electricity is low, water is pumped back up into the dam
so it can be released again the next day when electricity
demand is higher(Ellen Finkelstein 2007).
b)Computer-aided drafting (CAD): is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification,
analysis, or optimization of a design.CAD software is
used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve
the quality of design, improve communications through
documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing(David Byrnes et al 2007). CAD output is often in
the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other
manufacturing operations.
Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its
use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, or EDA. In mechanical design
it is known as mechanical design automation (MDA)
or computer-aided drafting (CAD), which includes the
process of creating a technical drawing with the use of
computer software (Mike Riddle et al 2009).

2) Contour labels and preparation : The following

are some procedures used to prepare contour lines,
Make the Contour Labels layer to be the current layer.
Label the index contour using the Text, Background
Mask, and the Rotate commands, Figure2

figure2.png

II. AUTO CAD A PPLICATION IN H YDROPOWER

E NGINEERING
1) Watershed delineation using AutoCAD: In
AutoCAD the watershed delineation can be performed
using the following steps.
-Launch AutoCAD
-Contour map
Open the contour map previously created or downloaded
map. Create the layers as shown in Figure1
. Change the color, linetype, and lineweight of the layers.

.
Figure 2 : Contour line preparation

3) To tracer the Center line of water channel :

a)Make the Channel to be the current layer.
-A channel flows from the higher elevation to the lower
elevation. As mention earlier, the contour lines cross the
streambed upstream by creating V with the bottom of
the Vs pointing upstream
. -Draw the centerlines for the channel, Figure3
. -Activate the Polyline command.
-Draw a polyline through the bottom of Vs as shown in
Figure3
.

figure1.png

figure3.png

figure5.png

Figure 3 : Center line of water channel

Figure 5 : Locate Channel Outlet point

6) Delineate the watershed : Make the Watershed
Boundary layer to be the current layer.The contour
lines cross the ridge downstream by creating Vs or Us
pointing downstream.
-Draw the boundary lines for the channel.
-Activate the Polyline command.
-Draw a polyline through the bottom of Us as shown in
Figure 6.

4) Direction of the channel flow: Make the Channeled

to be the current layer.
Show the direction of the flow for the channels using
the quick leader.
Label the channel as shown in Figure4 .

figure4.png
figure6.png

Figure 4 : Direction of the channel flow

Figure 6 : watershed Delineation

5) Locate Channel Outlet point : Make the Outlet

layer to be the current layer. In Figure 5, Outlet,
the intersection of the channel and the edge of the
contour map is selected as the outlet point for the
watershed.Draw a point at the outlet and label it.

7) Hatch the watershed: Make the Watershed-Hatch

layer to be the current layer.Turnoff all the layers except
the Watershed-Boundary and Watershed-Hatch layers,
3

Figure 7.
-Draw polylines to close the open ends of the watershed
boundary.
-Join the polylines (using polyline edit command) to
form a single close polyline.
-Activate the Hatch command.
-Hatch the watershed, using the pattern GRASS, etc

contour map, by means including water channel or river

size and its wetland.

III. A PPLICATIONS OF CAD

A. Five Applicatins other than AutoCAD

1. CADopia Standard
CADopia Standard is an AutoCAD compatible CAD
program that can be used to create or edit both 2D and
3D drawings. This application is designed for professionals (even though this is not the Professional Edition). It
includes drafting features such as fly over snapping, poly
line creation and complex linetype support.

figure7.png

Figure 7 : Hatch the watershed

The above figure illustrate the cropped total area that
will be cover by our project here i mean including water
channel od river size and wetland. this is mostly done
by autCAD civil 3D.

figure10.png

Figure 10 : CADopia Standard

figure8.png

2. Ashampoo 3D CAD Architecture

Ashampoo 3D CAD Architecture is primarily used
for designing houses. Although the software includes a
number of 3D sample drawings of home exteriors, the
software is also capable of creating interior drawings
and editing landscapes. Ashampoo 3D CAD Architecture
is far less complex than CADopia, and is intended
primarily as a consumer grade product. It is useful
for those who are considering a home renovation or
expansion project.

Figure 8 : Hatch the watershed

The total area that will be coved by our project on
4

XT is designed for either personal or professional

use, but CAD novices may find the interface to be
overwhelming. The coolest thing about this application
(besides the price) is that it offers an Architecture menu
with options that simplify the process of creating things
like walls and stairs. The odd thing about DoubleCAD
XT is that even though it is a free program, you are
still required to enter a product key in order to install
figure11.png

figure13.png
Figure 11 : Ashampoo 3D CAD Architecture
3. CadStd Lite
CadSte Lite is a free tool for creating mechanical
drawings. When you open CadSTD, a wizard allows you
to create a blank drawing, a scaled drawing, or (oddly
enough) a family tree diagram. For a free application,
CadStd Lite includes a surprising number of drawing
tools and options. However, it does not seem to support
3D drawings. Drawings can be exported in DXF format
and it is possible to copy and paste images into Microsoft
Office documents.

it.
Figure 13 : DoubleCAD XT

5. GstarCAD8
figure12.png

GstarCAD8 is designed as an alternative to AutoCAD.

The user interface looks very similar to AutoCAD, but
is lacking some of AutoCADs more advanced features.
This application is probably best suited for those who
need professional CAD capabilities, but who are not doing work that requires a super high end CAD application.

Figure 12 : CadSte Lite 4. DoubleCAD XT

DoubleCAD XT is a free tool that is designed
to create 2D or 3D CAD drawings. DoubleCAD
5

[3] http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/autocad lt 2011 faq.pdf

last seen 30/07/2015.
[4] AutoCAD 2007 and AutoCAD LT 2007 Bible by Ellen Finkelstein
[5] AutoCAD 2007 and AutoCAD LT 2007: No Experience Required
by David Frey
[6] AutoCAD 2007 For Dummies by David Byrnes and Mark
Middlebrook
[7] Digital Drawing for Designers: A Visual Guide to AutoCAD
2015 by Douglas R. Seidler

figure14.png

[8] Exercise Workbook for Beginning Autocad 2006 by Cheryl Shrock

[9] Mastering AutoCAD 2007 and AutoCAD LT 2007 by George
Omura
[10] Up and Running with AutoCAD 2010 by Elliot Gindis
[11] Mike Riddles Prehistoric AutoCAD - Retro Thing. Archived
from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
[12] Whats up with DWG adoption in free software?. Libre
Graphics World. Retrieved15 April 2015.

Figure 14 : DoubleCAD XT

[13] Guides to Good Practice: Cad 3-2. Archaeology Data Service.

Retrieved 15 April2015.

IV. C ONCLUSION

[14] Autodesk and Bentley to Advance AEC Software

Interoperability. 2008-07-08. Archived from the original on
27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-01.

Objectives of this paper was to write an analytical

framework and to identify applications of Computer
Aided Design in Hydropower construction project . The
proposed methodology can be summarized as follows:
topographical analysis consists field observation and data
collection and CAD especial AutoCAD software was
find to be potential sites data analysis.
AutoCAD civil 3D software used to determine discharge at weir(open channel)to the site. In CAD analysis, the engineering feasible project sites are obtained
through the following steps: (1) setting criteria for locating project site by means of contour map, (2) watershed
area delineation and calculation, (3) searching for power
house location, and (5) finding surge tank, headrace, and
penstock locations.
In a conventional feasibility study, project sites are
normally decided by using engineering and economic
criteria. By considering the four criteria, the AutoCAD
contour map technics can be used to select all potential
locations of small run-of-river hydropower projects and
can be applied to various study regions located in areas
characterized by high topography.

[15] Mike Riddles Prehistoric AutoCAD - Retro Thing. Archived

from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
[16] DigiBarn Stories: Mike Riddle and the Story of AutoCAD,
EasyCAD, FastCAD and more.Archived from the original on
2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
[17] Autodesk and Bentley to Advance AEC Software
Interoperability. 2008-07-08. Archived from the original on
27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-0

R EFERENCES
[1] Yare, Evan (17 Feb 2012). AutoCADs Ancestor. 3D CAD
World. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
[2] AutoCAD Civil 3D 2011 Drawing Compatibility(PDF).
AutoCAD Civil 3D 2011 Users Guide. Autodesk. April 2010.