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ABSTRACT
Scabies is a human skin infestation caused by the penetration of the obligate
human parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei var.hominis into the epidermis. The
classic manifestation of scabies is generalized itching that is more intense at
night. The skin findings include papules, nodules, burrows, and
vesiculopustules and the most common location are the interdigital space,
wrist, and abdomen. Atypical presentation in infants often involve the face,
scalp, palm, and soles.
It was reported a case of scabies in infant six months old with clinical findings
include erythematous macules, erythematous papules, nodule, erosion and
excoriated. The distributin of the lesion involved the whole body area including
scalp, face, neck, trunk, extremities, palms and soles. Treatment with
permethrin 5% gave good result.
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INTRODUCTION
Scabies is a skin eruption caused by
flea infestation and sensitization of
Sarcoptes scabiei variety hominis and
manifest as a popular lesions, pustules,
vesicles, and sometimes crusting and
erosion as well as tunnels that gray is
accompanied with symptoms of itching
was found in the cracks and folds.1,2
Infections caused by direct skin contact,
mite transmission via clothing, bedding
and towels but it rare.3, 4, 5It is estimated
that more than 300 million people world
wide infected with scabies mites. Scabies
can affect all social groups and economics.5
Scabies has spread throughout the
world
particularly
in
tropical
and
subtropical area.6 Disease progression is
influenced by several factors: the economic level, density and hygiene in a
community is very complex. Very dense
housing as a factor believed to contribute
the most to the spread of scabies. Low
economic level also raises the problem of
poor nutritional status and therefore
contributes to the individual's immune
system.7
The most common symptoms of a
more intense form of pruritus is felt in the
evening accompanied papular.7,8 Spots
and pruritus caused by slow type
hypersensitivity reaction to the mites, eggs
and faecal material. Predilection site in
men are generally on fingers, wrist flexors,
elbows, buttocks, ankles, periareolar area,
antekubiti fossa, anterior fold of axilla,
waist, genitalia and low abdomen.7, 8
Sometimes
scabies
provide
atypical clinical picture, where it can cause
difficulty diagnose than the form classic.9
Scabies in infants and young children can
be a picture of skin lesions vesicles,
pustules, or nodul.10 Location of lesions in
infants may occur on the head, face , alms
and soles of the feet, where the location is
very rare in adult people.5, 11
Here is reported a case of scabies in
an infant aged six months and given
treatment with permethrin 5% and after
CASE REPORT
A male infant aged six months to
come to the clinic of dermatovenereology
RSWS with his mother, from the
alloanamnesis (from mother) is known to
have a complaint that the baby have patch
and reddish rash on the head, face and
entire body are accompanied by intense
itching that is marked with the child
frequent scratching and crying. This has
been experienced since three months ago.
Itching is felt at any time. The same
complaint is also found in the child's
mother. It have treated with powder and
ointment (name unknown drugs) but gave
no improvement.
Either patient's general condition,
skin lesions found on the scalp, face,
torso, extremities superior et inferior right
and left, palms, and soles. Skin lesions
showed erythematous macules, papules,
erythematous papules, nodules, erosions
and excoriation.
(Figure 1)Investigations conducted in
this case the skin scrapings. Before the
skin specimens scraped, it spilled with
emersi oil, then scraped with a scalpel.
Results scrapings placed over the object
glass, then covered with glass cover, and
examined under a microscope. Examination results in skin lesions found
Sarcoptes scabiei mites, eggs and skibala.
(Figure 2). The patient subsequently
diagnosed as scabies and given treatment
in the form of permethrin 5% and cetirizine
syrup. After one week the patient showed
clinical improvement, and the lesions
appear as macular hyperpigmentation.
(figure 3)
Picture of patient
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DISCUSSION
Scabies is an infestation of human
skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei
hominis variants. These mites are obligate
parasites in humans and occupy the
tunnels in the epidermis of human skin.11
Scabies can affect men and women,
at all ages, all ethnicities and all socio
economic levels.8,12 Scabies can be
spread through direct contact with an
infested individual, but may also occur
through the transmission of bedding and
clothing, where the mites can survive
outside the human skin up to three days.5,
11
Transmission of scabies that lasted
through the close and direct contact long
enough can occur when live and sleep
together, especially the kids who got a
mite infestation of his mother.1This is
consistent with the case where the patient
is a transmission from the mother who is
also infested with the mite Sarcoptes
scabiei.
The incubation period of classical scabies
is about three weeks.Initial symptom of
scabies is usually only include itching
before clinical symptom.7,11After early
exposure to scabies mites, it may take six
to
eight
weeks
to
then
clinic
manifestation.5Pruritus due to scabies low
type hypersensitivity reaction to the mites,
eggs, and mite feces (skibala) .10The skin
lesions of an erythematous papules and
nodules, there scale, and sometimes it
seems that there is excoriation on the
sidelines of the volar wrist finger, the
lateral part of the palm of the hand, elbow,
axilla, scrotum, penis, labia, and areola
mammae in women. Diffuse erythematous
eruption on the body is the result of a
hypersensitivity reaction to mite antigen.
Pathognomonic lesions in the form of a
thin tunnel, such as yarn, with a length of
1-10 mm, and the tunnel is caused by
movement of the mite in the stratum
corneum.5 Complaints of itching and red
spots on the case has been experienced
over the past three months.
Microscopic examination
c
Figure 2 Microscopic result from skin scraping, a.
Egg, b. Mite sarcoptes scabiei, c. Scibala
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REFERENCES
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