Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering

Department of Electric Power Engineering

Power Systems Group

TET 4115: Power System Analysis, FALL 2015

Solution Proposal to Assignment 6
Problem#1
1.1 Refer to the slides of lecture#9.
1.2
The Jacobian matrix used when iterating the state variables is only a two by two
matrix, or in the general case: the number of state variables by the number of specified
powers. In ordinary power flow, these two will always be equal (if they werent then the
Jacobian matrix couldnt be inverted!).
The element

P2
is selected for calculation.
2

P2 = Re(S2) = Re(V2 I2*) = Re(V2 (V1 Y21 + V2 Y22 + V3 Y23)*)

= V2 V1 Y21 cos(2 1 21) + V22 Y22 cos(22) + V2 V3 Y23 cos(2 3 23)
P2
V2 V1 Y21 sin(2 1 21) V2 V3 Y23 sin(2 3 23)
2

Since there isnt any previous iteration we must guess the value of the state variables. In
this calculation we have guessed that 2 = 3 = 0.
P2
1.011.0 9.95 sin 95.71 1.01 0.98 19.61 sin 101.3 10.00 19.03 29.03
2

1.3
The situation in this problem is that a small change was made to a parameter value
in an otherwise known state. Changing one variable will affect all others, but not that
much, so the previous values should make a very good first guess. Additionally we wont
need to calculate the Jacobian matrix if we use the previous values as our guess, since the
complete Jacobian matrix is provided for this state. We get the four elements that apply in
our case from the complete Jacobian matrix in the problem text.

P2 28.963 19.015 2
P 19.054 37.744
3
3

TET4115: Power System Analysis, 2015.

The mismatches between the specified powers and the calculated powers must be found
first. The specified values are (of course) specified in the problem, and if we choose the
values of the state variables in the previous power flow analysis as our initial guess, then
the calculated values of the specified powers must be the same as in the previous state.
P2 P2sp P2 0.450 0.400 0.050
P3 P3sp P3 0.800 0.800 0.000

Ordinarily the Jacobian matrix would be inverted, but since this is a small matrix we solve
the system for the two unknown state variables by multiplying the matrices.

P2 28.963 2 19.015 3 0.05

P3 19.054 2 37.744 3 0 2

37.744
3 1.9809 3
19.054

We insert the second equation into the first.

28.963 1.9809 3 19.015 3 0.05 3 0.00130 rad 0.0745

And then we insert the answer back into the second equation
2 1.9809 0.00130 rad 0.00258 rad 0.1480

When the adjustments of the state variables are found, they are added to the previous
guess in order to find a better value.
2 2.46 0.1480 2.61 and 3 2.17 0.0745 2.24

If you prefer to invert the matrix, then this is the procedure:

1

28.963 19.015
37.74 19.02 51.64 26.02 3
1
19.054 37.744 28.96 37.74 19.02 19.05 19.05 28.96 26.07 39.63 10

3
0.1479
2 51.64 26.02 3 0.05 51.64 10 0.05 2.582 3

26.07 39.63 10 0 26.07 103 0.05 1.304 10 rad

3
0.0747

When the new values of the state variables have been found we must recalculate the
specified powers to see if the mismatches are small enough.

TET4115: Power System Analysis, 2015.

P2 V2 V1 Y21 cos 2 1 21 V2 2 Y22 cos 22 V2 V3 Y23 cos 2 3 23

1.011 9.95 cos 2.6 95.7 1.012 29.55 cos 80.6 1.01 0.98 19.61 cos 2.6 2.2 101.3
0.44146
P3 V3 V1 Y31 cos 3 1 31 V3 V2 Y32 cos 3 2 32 V32 Y33 cos 33
0.98 119.61 cos 2.2 101.3 0.98 1.01 19.61 cos 2.2 2.6 101.3 0.982 39.22 cos 78.7
0.79254

g1 P2sp P2 0.45 0.44146 0.00854

g 2 P3sp P3 0.8 0.79254 0.00746
How large mismatches should be accepted depends on your requirements, but here a
mismatch of less than 0.01 is acceptable. We now know all the state variables in addition
to the parameter values, the only thing remaining is calculating the dependent variables.
P1 V12 Y11 cos 11 V1 V2 Y12 cos 1 2 12 V1 V3 Y13 cos 1 3 13
Q1 V12 Y11 sin 11 V1 V2 Y12 sin 1 2 12 V1 V3 Y13 sin 1 3 13
Q2 V2 V1 Y21 sin 2 1 21 V2 2 Y22 sin 22 V2 V3 Y23 sin 2 3 23
Q3 V3 V1 Y31 sin 3 1 31 V3 V2 Y32 sin 3 2 32 V32 Y33 sin 33

All terms in the four equations above are known and they can be calculated. The results
are found in table 1 below.
Table 1
Bus
1
2
3

V
1.00
1.01
0.98

TET4115: Power System Analysis, 2015.

0.00
-2.61
-2.24

P
1.263
-0.450
-0.800

Q
0.1175
0.7634
-0.0846