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SL20103
PRACTICAL TITLE : HIGH-PERFORMANCE
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THINLAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
NAME
MATRIX NO.
BS14110781
BS14110802
BS14110554
BS14110110
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Chromatography is a pretty accurate description of what happens to in on wet paper
because it literally means colour writing. Chromatography is actually a way of separating
out a mixture of chemicals which are in gas or liquid form by letting them to creep slowly
past another substance which is typically a liquid or solid. The essential thing about
chromatography is that we have some mixture in one state of matter moving over the
surface of something else in another state of matter (liquid or solid) that stays where it is.
The moving substance is called the mobile phase and the substance that stays put is the
stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, it separates out into components on the
stationary phase.
Gas chromatography is a term used to describe the group of analytical separation
techniques used to analyse volatile substances in the gas phase. In gas chromatography, the
components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the
analytes by distributing the sample between two phases which are stationary phase abd a
mobile phase. The mobile phase is a chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules
of the analyte through the heated column. Gas chromatography is one of the sole forms of
chromatography that does not utilize the mobile phase for interacting with the analyte. The
stationary phase is either a solid adsorbant termed gas- solid chromatography (GSC) or a
liquid on an inert support termed gas- liquid chromatography (GLC).
Liquid chromatography is a technique used to separate a sample into its individual
parts. This separation occurs based on the interactions of the sample with the mobile and
stationary phases. There are many stationary and mobile phase combinations that can be
employed when separating a mixture, there are several different types of chromatography
hat are classified based on the physical states of those phases. Liquid- solid column
chromatography is the most popular chromatography technique and the one discussed here
features a liquid mobile phase which slowly filters down through the solid stationary phase
bringing the separated components with it.
OBJECTIVE
1. To acknowledge the analytical separation techniques use to separate marine organic
compounds.
2. To study the uses and functions of each chromatography machines.
MATERIAL
1) High Performance Liquid Chromatography machine
2) Mass spectrometry machine
3) Gas chromatography machine
PROCEDURE
1. All of us are instructed to assemble at Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI),
University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) at 8:00am.
2. Dr. Shafiqquzzaman Sidiqquee then gave us a short briefing about the practical and
he led us to the BRI building into the lab.
3. Proper attire should be worn in the laboratory and a notepad with pen should be
brought.
4. A PhD student named Yong then gave us a briefing on how to use the Liquid
Chromatography machine and precautions that should be taken when handling the
machine.
5. After the briefing on the LCG, we are then brought to another lab where the Gas
Chromatography is kept and a further briefing on the machine is done by Young.
6. Pictures and notes are taken during the practical as evidence and further reference.
RESULT
Solvent Cabinet 1
Degasser 2
Capillary pump
Auto Sampler
Photodiode Detector
Flight Tube
Glass Capillary
DISCUSSION
http://www.chemir.com/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry.html
profile of the sample during the process. The chromatogram shows the good and poor
separation of the sample. Each peak shown on the chromatogram represents only one
profile of a compound. Profile of the sample depends on the volatility.
www.teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/chrom/gaschrm.htm
CONCLUSION
The analytical separation techniques used to separate marine organic compounds are
acknowledged and the functions of each chromatography machines are studied.
REFERENCES
1 . C h r o m a t o g ra p h y. ( n o d a t e ) . W h a t i s C h r o m a t o g ra p h y ? i n
http://
www.explainthatstuff.com/chromatography.html
Retrieved on 3rd October 2015.
2.UCDAVIS CHEMWiki. (no date). Liquid Chromatography in http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/
Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis/Chromatography/Liquid_Chromatography
Retrieved on 3rd October 2015.
3. Dr. Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee. (2015). Lecture 2 Separations of Marine Products.
Powerpoint slide. Malaysia, Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.