AD Validation Guide Vol1 2016 en

VALIDATION GUIDE
Advance Design
Validation Guide
Version: 2016
Tests passed on: 17 June 2015
Number of tests: 606
INTRODUCTION
Before being officially released, each version of GRAITEC software, including
Advance Design, undergoes a series of validation tests. This validation is performed in
parallel and in addition to manual testing and beta testing, in order to obtain the
"operational version" status. This document contains a description of the automatic
tests, highlighting the theoretical background and the results we have obtained using
the current software release.
Usually, a test is made of a reference (independent from the specific software version
tested), a transformation (a calculation or a data processing scenario), a result (given
by the specific software version tested) and a difference usually measured in
percentage as a drift from a set of reference values. Depending on the cases, the
used reference is either a theoretical calculation done manually, a sample taken from
the technical literature, or the result of a previous version considered as good by
experience.
Starting with version 2012, Graitec Advance has made significant steps forward in term of
quality management by extending the scope and automating the testing process.
While in previous versions, the tests were always about the calculation results which
were compared to a reference set, starting with version 2012, tests have been
extended to user interface behavior, import/export procedures, etc.
The next major improvement is the capacity to pass the tests automatically. These
current tests have obviously been passed on the operational version, but they are
actually passed on a daily basis during the development process, which helps improve
the daily quality by solving potential issues, immediately after they have been
introduced in the code.
In the field of structural analysis and design, software users must keep in mind that the
results highly depend on the modeling (especially when dealing with finite elements)
and on the settings of the numerous assumptions and options available in the
software. A software package cannot replace engineers experience and analysis.
Despite all our efforts in term of quality management, we cannot guaranty the correct
behavior and the validity of the results issued by Advance Design in any situation.
With this validation guide, we are providing a set of concrete test cases showing the
behavior of Advance Design in various areas and various conditions. The tests cover
a wide field of expertise: modeling, climatic load generation according to Eurocode 1,
combinations management, meshing, finite element calculation, reinforced concrete
design according to Eurocode 2, steel member design according to Eurocode 3, steel
connection design according to Eurocode 3, timber member design according to
Eurocode 5, seismic analysis according to Eurocode 8, report generation, import /
export procedures and user interface behavior.
We hope that this guide will highly contribute to the knowledge and the confidence you
are placing in Advance Design.
Manuel LIEDOT
Chief Product Office
ADVANCE DESIGN VALIDATION GUIDE
Contents
1
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ................................................................................................. 21

1.1
Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM) ....................................................................................22
1.2
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 30 ) (01-0009SDLSB_FEM) ...................................24
1.3
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 0 ) (01-0007SDLSB_FEM) .....................................27
1.4
System of two bars with three hinges (01-0002SSLLB_FEM) ......................................................................30
1.5
Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM) ........................................................................33
1.6
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 3) (01-0013SDLLB_FEM) ..........................................37
1.7
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 1) (01-0011SDLLB_FEM) ..........................................40
1.8
Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span (01-0015SSLLB_FEM) ..........................................................43
1.9
Short beam on simple supports (on the neutral axis) (01-0017SDLLB_FEM) ..............................................46
1.10
Thin square plate fixed on one side (01-0019SDLSB_FEM) .......................................................................50
1.11
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 15 ) (01-0008SDLSB_FEM) ..................................54
1.12
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 2) (01-0012SDLLB_FEM) .........................................57
1.13
Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling (01-0021SFLLB_FEM) .....................................................................60
1.14
Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM) .................................................................................................62
1.15
Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter (01-0020SDLSB_FEM) ......................................66
1.16
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 45 ) (01-0010SDLSB_FEM) ..................................70
1.17
Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM) .....................................................73
1.18
Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM) ............................................................76
1.19
Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................................81
1.20
Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM) ...............................................................85
1.21
Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM) .......................................................88
1.22
Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM) .............................................................................91
1.23
Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM) ........................................................94
1.24
EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM) ..............................................................................................................97
1.25
Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................................101
1.26
Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM) ..................................................................106
1.27
Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................................108
1.28
Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM) ............................111
1.29
Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM) ...........................................114
1.30
Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)....................................................................117
1.31
Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure (01-0038SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................121
1.32
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM) ..............................................................123
1.33
Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................126
1.34
Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................................................129
1.35
Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF) ........................................................................132
1.36
Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................... 135
1.37
Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM) ...................................................................................... 138
1.38
Beam on two supports considering the shear force (01-0041SSLLB_FEM) ............................................. 141
1.39
Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................... 144
1.40
Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................................... 147
1.41
Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM) ..................................................................... 151
1.42
Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM) .......................................................... 154
1.43
Simply supported square plate under a uniform load (01-0051SSLSB_FEM) .......................................... 157
1.44
Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM) ............................................... 159
1.45
Spherical shell with holes (01-0049SSLSB_FEM) .................................................................................... 161
1.46
Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM) ................................... 164
1.47
A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0057SSLSB_FEM)..... 166
1.48
1.49
Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM) ............................................. 170
1.50
Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (01-0054SSLSB_FEM) .... 173
1.51
A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0058SSLSB_FEM) ...... 175
1.52
Pinch cylindrical shell (01-0048SSLSB_FEM) .......................................................................................... 177
1.53
Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM) ................................... 179
1.54
Triangulated system with hinged bars (01-0056SSLLB_FEM).................................................................. 181
1.55
A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0063SSLSB_FEM) ... 184
1.56
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 1) (01-0067SDLLB_FEM) ...................................... 187
1.57
A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0061SSLSB_FEM)....... 190
1.58
A plate (0.05 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0065SSLSB_FEM) ......... 192
1.59
1.60
Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (01-0078SSLPB_FEM) . 197
1.61
1.62
A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM) ........... 202
1.63
Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (01-0077SSLPB_FEM) .... 204
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM) .............................................................. 214
1.68
Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass (01-0095SDLLB_FEM) ...................................................... 216
1.69
Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM) ............ 221
1.70
Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load (01-0092HFLLB_FEM) ....................................... 226
1.71
Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM) ............................................................................ 228
1.72
Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM) ..................................................................................... 232
1.73
Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM) .................................. 235
1.74
A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM) .................................................................238
1.75
Simple supported beam in free vibration (01-0098SDLLB_FEM) ..............................................................245
1.76
Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM) .....................................................................248
1.77
Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM) ................................250
1.78
Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia (01-0096SDLLB_FEM) .......................................253
1.79
Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM) ..............................................................................257
1.80
Linear element in simple bending - without compressed reinforcement (02-0162SSLLB_B91) ................261
1.81
Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k -> infinite) (01-0101SSNLB_FEM) ..........................................................265
1.82
Study of a mast subjected to an earthquake (02-0112SMLLB_P92) .........................................................268
1.83
Design of a 2D portal frame (03-0207SSLLG_CM66) ...............................................................................273
1.84
Circular plate under uniform load (01-0003SSLSB_FEM) .........................................................................281
1.85
Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = -10000 N/m) (01-0102SSNLB_FEM)...................................................284
1.86 Linear element in combined bending/tension - without compressed reinforcements - Partially tensioned
section (02-0158SSLLB_B91) ..............................................................................................................................287
1.87
Design of a concrete floor with an opening (03-0208SSLLG_BAEL91) ....................................................292
1.88
Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = 0) (01-0100SSNLB_FEM) ...................................................................300
1.89
Non linear system of truss beams (01-0104SSNLB_FEM) .......................................................................303
1.90
Design of a Steel Structure according to CM66 (03-0206SSLLG_CM66) .................................................307
1.91
Tied (sub-tensioned) beam (01-0005SSLLB_FEM) ..................................................................................317
1.92
Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) (01-0004SDLLB_FEM) ...................................................322
CAD, RENDERING AND VISUALIZATION ......................................................................... 325

2.1
Verifying the annotations of a wind generated load. (TTAD #13190)..........................................................326
2.2
Verifying hide/show elements command (TTAD #11753) ...........................................................................326
2.3
Verifying the visualisation of supports with rotational or moving DoFs.(TTAD #13891) ..............................326
2.4
Verifying the annotations dimensions when new analysis is made.(TTAD #14825) ...................................326
2.5 Verifying the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is made.(TTAD
#12807) ................................................................................................................................................................326
2.6
Verifying the saved view of elements with annotations. (TTAD #13033) ...................................................326
2.7
Verifying the grid text position (TTAD #11704) ...........................................................................................327
2.8
System stability during section cut results verification (TTAD #11752).......................................................327
2.9
Generating combinations (TTAD #11721) ..................................................................................................327
2.10
Verifying the coordinates system symbol (TTAD #11611) .........................................................................327
2.11
Verifying descriptive actors after creating analysis (TTAD #11589) ..........................................................327
2.12
Creating a camera (TTAD #11526) ...........................................................................................................328
2.13
Creating a circle (TTAD #11525) ...............................................................................................................328
2.14
Verifying the snap points behavior during modeling (TTAD #11458) ........................................................328
2.15
Verifying the representation of elements with HEA cross section (TTAD #11328) ....................................328
2.16
Verifying the local axes of a section cut (TTAD #11681) ...........................................................................328
2.17
Verifying the display of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11486).....................................328
9
2.18
Verifying the descriptive model display after post processing results in analysis mode (TTAD #11475) .. 329
2.19
Modeling using the tracking snap mode (TTAD #10979) .......................................................................... 329
2.20
Verifying holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height (TTAD #11490) ................. 329
2.21
Turning on/off the "ghost" rendering mode (TTAD #11999) ...................................................................... 329
2.22
Verifying the "ghost display on selection" function for saved views (TTAD #12054) ................................. 329
2.23
Moving a linear element along with the support (TTAD #12110) .............................................................. 329
2.24
Verifying the "ghost" display after changing the display colors (TTAD #12064) ........................................ 330
2.25
Verifying the grid text position (TTAD #11657) ......................................................................................... 330
2.26
Verifying the fixed load scale function (TTAD #12183). ............................................................................ 330
2.27
Verifying the steel connections modeling (TTAD #11698) ........................................................................ 330
2.28
Verifying the saved view of elements by cross-section. (TTAD #13197) ................................................ 330
2.29
Verifying the default view.(TTAD #13248) ................................................................................................ 330
2.30
Verifying the dividing of planar elements which contain openings (TTAD #12229) ................................... 331
2.31
Verifying the program behavior when trying to create lintel (TTAD #12062) ............................................. 331
2.32 Verifying the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model with overlapped loads (TTAD
#11837) ................................................................................................................................................................ 331
2.33
Verifying the display of punctual loads after changing the load case number (TTAD #11958) ................. 331
2.34
Verifying the display of a beam with haunches (TTAD #12299)............................................................... 331
2.35
Creating base plate connections for non-vertical columns (TTAD #12170) .............................................. 331
2.36
Verifying drawing of joints in y-z plan (TTAD #12453) .............................................................................. 332
2.37
Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint (TTAD #12592) ....................................................................... 332
2.38
Verifying annotation on selection (TTAD #12700)..................................................................................... 332
CLIMATIC GENERATOR .................................................................................................... 333

3.1
EC1: Generating snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters (TTAD #12806) .......................... 334
3.2 EC1: Generating wind loads on a square based structure according to UK standards (BS EN 1991-14:2005) (TTAD #12608) ....................................................................................................................................... 334
3.3
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building (TTAD #12716) ..................................... 334
3.4
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and parapets. (TTAD #12878) ................ 334
3.5
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12835) ....................................... 334
3.6
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528) .......................................... 335
3.7 EC1: generating wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles and automatic
calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12744) ...................................................................................... 335
3.8
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building. (TTAD #12719) .................................... 335
3.9
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12841) ....................................... 335
3.10
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12808) ...................................... 335
3.11
EC1: Generating snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets (TTAD #12606) .............................. 336
3.12
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)......................................... 336
3.13 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (TTAD
#11111) ................................................................................................................................................................ 336
10
3.14 EC1: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.2 Wind - Example B) ................................................................................................................................................336
3.15 EC1: wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and user defined "n" (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276) ........................................................................................................................336
3.16 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.3 - Wind Example C) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.17 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (VT : 3.4 - Snow Example A) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.18 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.1 - Wind Example A) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.19
EC1: Verifying the wind loads generated on a building with protruding roof (TTAD #12071, #12278) ......337
3.20 EC1: generating wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and automatic
calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276) ......................................................................................337
3.21
EC1: Verifying the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. (TTAD #12233) ....................................338
3.22
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building. (TTAD #13663) .............................338
3.23 EC1: snow load generation on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees according to Czech national annex.
(TTAD #14235) .....................................................................................................................................................338
3.24
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height (TTAD 13159) ....338
3.25
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14179) ......................................338
3.26
EC1: wind load generation on multibay canopies (TTAD #11668) ............................................................339
3.27
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13671) ..................................339
3.28
EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto (TTAD #12823) .............................................339
3.29
EC1: generating wind loads on a canopy according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard. (TTAD #13855) .339
3.30
EC1: Generating wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with parapets. (TTAD #13672) .............339
3.31
EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with parapets. (TTAD #12494) ...................................................340
3.32 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with double slope roof using different parameters defined per
directions (DEV2013#4.2).....................................................................................................................................340
3.33
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds (TTAD #13286) ..........................340
3.34 EC1: snow load generation on compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof volume (TTAD
#13559) ................................................................................................................................................................340
3.35 EC1: generating wind loads on a 35m high structure according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard with
CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15. (TTAD #11196) .......................................................................................340
3.36
EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with gutters building. (TTAD #13856) .........................................341
3.37
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets (TTAD #13992) ....341
3.38
EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame.(TTAD #13169) ............................................341
3.39
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13669) ...................................341
3.40
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height. (TTAD #13759) .......................341
3.41
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with custom pressure values. (TTAD #14004) ..........342
3.42 EC1: snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to Romanian national annex. (TTAD
#13930s)...............................................................................................................................................................342
3.43
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets. (TTAD #14005).....342
3.44
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an multibay canopy roof (DEV2013#4.3) ..........................342
3.45
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with one slope (DEV2013#4.3) ................342
11
3.46 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof using UK annex (DEV2013#4.1) (TTAD
#12608) ................................................................................................................................................................ 343
3.47
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with double slope (DEV2013#4.3)........... 343
3.48 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with a horizontal roof using different CsCd values for each
direction (DEV2013#4.4) ...................................................................................................................................... 343
3.49 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the parapet
height (TTAD #11943) .......................................................................................................................................... 343
3.50 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11687) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.51
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11531) ............................................. 344
3.52 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11569) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.53 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11570) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.54
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11699) ............................................ 345
3.55
Generating the description of climatic loads report according to EC1 Romanian standards (TTAD #11688) ... 345
3.56
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls (TTAD #11937) ...... 345
3.57
EC1: verifying the snow loads generated on a monopitch frame (TTAD #11302)..................................... 345
3.58 EC1: generating wind loads on a 55m high structure according to German standards (DIN EN 1991-14/NA) (DEV2012 #3.12) ....................................................................................................................................... 346
3.59
EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter (TTAD #11113) .......................... 346
3.60 EC1: generating snow loads on duopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN EN 1991-13/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) ....................................................................................................................................... 346
3.61
EC1: snow on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and parapet with height reduction (TTAD #11191) . 346
3.62 EC1: generating snow loads on monopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN EN 19911-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) .................................................................................................................................... 347
3.63 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame according to Czech standards (CSN EN
1991-1-4) (DEV2012 #3.18) ................................................................................................................................. 347
3.64 EC1: generating snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to German
standards (DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) ............................................................................................ 347
3.65 EC1: generating snow loads on two close roofs with different heights according to Czech standards (CSN
EN 1991-1-3) (DEV2012 #3.18) ........................................................................................................................... 347
3.66
EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter (TTAD #11113) .......... 348
3.67 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m) and a parapet
(TTAD #11735) .................................................................................................................................................... 348
12
3.68
EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame with a fully opened face (DEV2012 #1.6) . 348
3.69
EC1: generating wind loads on an isolated roof with two slopes (TTAD #11695) ..................................... 348
3.70
EC1: generating wind loads on duopitch multispan roofs with pitch < 5 degrees (TTAD #11852) ............ 349
3.71
EC1 NF: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11932) ........................ 349
3.72
EC1: wind load generation on simple 3D portal frame with 4 slopes roof (TTAD #11604) ........................ 349
3.73
EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof ............................................................ 349
3.74
EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal with Z down axis. (TTAD #15094) ... 350
3.75
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height (TTAD 13158) .... 350
3.76
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14578)..................................... 350
3.77
EC1: Generating snow loads on a custom multiple slope building. (TTAD #14285)..................................350
3.78
EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal. (TTAD #14975) ..................................350
3.79 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope compound. (TTAD
#15047) ................................................................................................................................................................351
3.80
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 3 compound building. (TTAD #13190) .................................................351
3.81
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope portal. (TTAD #14531) .......................................................351
3.82 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto according to Romanian national annex. (TTAD
#13930w) ..............................................................................................................................................................351
3.83
EC1: snow load generation on double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides.(TTAD #13717)351
3.84
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a multiple roof portal. (TTAD #15140) ...............................................352
3.85
EC1: Generating wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees. (TTAD #15307) ......................................352
3.86
EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet. (TTAD #14530) ................352
3.87
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof. (TTAD #14985) .............................................352
3.88
EC1: wind load generation on a signboard ................................................................................................352
3.89
EC1: wind load generation on a building with multispan roofs ..................................................................353
3.90
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other. (TTAD #13320)353
3.91
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening. (TTAD #15328) .......................353
3.92
EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11602) .....................353
3.93
EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D structure with horizontal roof ..................................................353
COMBINATIONS ................................................................................................................. 355

4.1
Generating combinations (TTAD #11673) ..................................................................................................356
4.2
Generating load combinations after changing the load case number (TTAD #11359)................................356
4.3 Generating load combinations with unfavorable and favorable/unfavorable predominant action (TTAD
#11357) ................................................................................................................................................................356
4.4
Generating combinations for NEWEC8.cbn (TTAD #11431) ......................................................................356
4.5
Defining concomitance rules for two case families (TTAD #11355) ............................................................356
4.6
Generating the concomitance matrix after adding a new dead load case (TTAD #11361) .........................357
4.7
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no. 5 (DEV2012 #1.7) ......................................357
4.8
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.9 (DEV2012 #1.7) .......................................357
4.9
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.6 (DEV2012 #1.7) .......................................358
4.10
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.4 (DEV2012 #1.7).....................................358
4.11
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.8 (DEV2012 #1.7)......................................358
4.12
4.13
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.10 (DEV2012 #1.7)....................................359
4.14
4.15
Generating a set of combinations with Q group of loads (TTAD #11960) .................................................360
4.16
4.17
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.1 (DEV2010#1.7).......................................360
4.18
Generating a set of combinations with seismic group of loads (TTAD #11889) ........................................360
13
4.19
Generating a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types (TTAD #11806) ...................................... 361
4.20
Generating the concomitance matrix after switching back the effect for live load (TTAD #11806)............ 361
4.21
Verifying combinations for CZ localization (TTAD #12542) ....................................................................... 361
CONCRETE DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 363

5.1
law
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - horizontal level behavior
364
5.2 EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - bilinear stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 364
5.3
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load ..................................... 364
5.4
Modifying the "Design experts" properties for concrete linear elements (TTAD #12498) ........................... 364
5.5
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads ............................ 364
5.6
EC2: Verifying the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported beam .......................................... 365
5.7 EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined stress strain
behavior law ......................................................................................................................................................... 365
5.8 EC2 Test 1: Verifying a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple
bending - Bilinear stress-strain diagram ............................................................................................................... 366
5.9 EC2 Test 5: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 371
5.10 EC2 Test 3: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram .................................................................................. 375
5.11 EC2 Test 44: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class X0)............................................................................................................................................... 384
5.12 EC2 Test 45: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam supporting a balcony - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1) .......................................................................................................................................................... 390
5.13 EC2 Test 43: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small rotation moment and significant
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ....... 397
5.14 EC2 Test 46 I: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction - Inclined stressstrain diagram (Class X0) ..................................................................................................................................... 406
5.15 EC2 Test30: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........................................................................................................... 409
5.16 EC2 Test 20: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly
distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ....................... 413
5.17 EC2 Test 26: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................. 420
5.18 EC2 Test29: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .......................................................................................................... 424
5.19 EC2 Test 18: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ............................................................. 428
5.21 EC2 Test28: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0) ............................................................................................................. 437
5.22 EC2 Test34: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression on the top Method
based on nominal stiffness - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ............................................................. 441
5.23 EC2 Test 38: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........................................................................................................... 449
14
5.24 EC2 Test32: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top
Method based on nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .............................................452
5.25 EC2 Test36: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal curvatureBilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................462
5.26 EC2 Test 40: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small compression force and significant
rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ..............................................................469
5.27 EC2 Test 42: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant rotation moment and small
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........476
5.28 EC2 Test33: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity methodBilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................485
5.29 EC2 Test 37: Verifying a square concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................493
5.30 EC2 Test 41: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant compression force and small
rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ..............................................................497
5.31 EC2 Test31: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top
- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .........................................................................................................509
5.32 EC2 Test35: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression to top Based on nominal
rigidity method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................523
5.33 EC2 Test 39: Verifying a circular concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................534
5.34 EC2 Test 46 II: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class X0) .....................................................................................................................................538
5.35
EC2: Verifying the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads ...........................542
5.36 EC2 Test 2: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram ..................................................................................543
5.37 EC2 Test 9: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam with compressed reinforcement Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................550
5.38 EC2 Test 7: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................560
5.39 EC2 Test 10: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................564
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)..............................................................569
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................575
5.42 EC2 Test 4 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot A efforts Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................581
5.43 EC2 Test 8: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam without compressed reinforcement Inclined stressstrain diagram .......................................................................................................................................................587
compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) .............................................................594
5.45 EC2 Test 12: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD3)...............................................................599
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................605
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................611
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)...............................................................615
15
5.49 EC2 Test 14: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) .............................................................. 621
5.50 EC2 Test 23: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1) .......................................................................................................................................................... 627
5.52 EC2 Test 19: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly
distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ....................... 637
5.53 EC2 Test 25: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with inclined transversal
5.54 Verifying the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards. (DEV2013
#8.3) 647
5.55 EC2 Test 4 II: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot B efforts Inclined stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 648
5.56 Verifying the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching reinforcement
results when Z down axis is selected. (TTAD #14963)......................................................................................... 653
5.57 EC2 Test 47: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to tension load - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XD2) ............................................................................................................................................ 654
5.58 EC2 Test 47 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a tension distributed load - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XD2)........................................................................................................................ 660
5.59 Testing the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis model (TTAD
#14332) ................................................................................................................................................................ 663
16
5.60
EC2: column design with Nominal Stiffness method square section (TTAD #11625) ............................. 663
5.61
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar with rectangular cross section....... 663
5.62
Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for an articulated beam (TTAD #11342) ... 663
5.63
Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for articulated beams (TTAD #11342) ...... 664
5.64
Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a structure with 375 load cases combinations (TTAD #11683) .... 664
5.65
Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a fixed beam (TTAD #11836) ............................................... 664
5.66
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a fixed linear element (TTAD #11700) .................................. 665
5.67
Verifying concrete results for linear elements (TTAD #11556) .................................................................. 665
5.68
Verifying concrete results for planar elements (TTAD #11583)................................................................. 665
5.69
Verifying the reinforcement of concrete columns (TTAD #11635)............................................................. 665
5.70
Verifying Aty and Atz for a fixed concrete beam (TTAD #11812) .............................................................. 666
5.71
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement bars for a filled circular column (TTAD #11678) ......................... 666
5.72
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for linear elements (TTAD #11636) ............................................ 666
5.73
EC2 : calculation of a square column in traction (TTAD #11892).............................................................. 666
GENERAL APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................ 667

6.1
Verifying element creation using commas for coordinates (TTAD #11141) ................................................ 668
6.2
Verifying the precision of linear and planar concrete covers (TTAD #12525) ............................................. 668
6.3
Defining the reinforced concrete design assumptions (TTAD #12354) ...................................................... 668
6.4
Generating liquid pressure on horizontal and vertical surfaces (TTAD #10724) ........................................ 668
6.5
Verifying 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled (TTAD #12238)................................ 668
6.6
Verifying the objects rename function (TTAD #12162) ............................................................................... 668
6.7
Creating and updating model views and post-processing views (TTAD #11552) .......................................669
6.8
Changing the default material (TTAD #11870) ...........................................................................................669
6.9
Importing a cross section from the Advance Steel profiles library (TTAD #11487) .....................................669
6.10
Verifying mesh, CAD and climatic forces - LPM meeting ..........................................................................669
6.11 Creating a new Advance Design file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar (TTAD
#12102) ................................................................................................................................................................669
6.12
Verifying the appearance of the local x orientation legend (TTAD #11737) ..............................................670
6.13
Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5) .................................................670
6.14
Launching the verification of a model containing steel connections (TTAD #12100).................................670
6.15
Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5) .................................................670
6.16
Verifying material properties for C25/30 (TTAD #11617) ..........................................................................670
6.17
Verifying the synthetic table by type of connection (TTAD #11422) ..........................................................671
6.18
Verifying the overlapping when a planar element is built in a hole.(TTAD #13772)...................................671
6.19
Verifying geometry properties of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11601) ......................671
IMPORT / EXPORT .............................................................................................................. 673

7.1
Verifying the export of a linear element to GTC (TTAD #10932, TTAD #11952) ........................................674
7.2
Exporting an Advance Design model to DO4 format (DEV2012 #1.10) ......................................................674
7.3
Exporting an analysis model to ADA (through GTC) (DEV2012 #1.3) ........................................................674
7.4
Verifying the GTC files exchange between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS (DEV2012 #1.9) ...........674
7.5
Importing GTC files containing elements with haunches from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12172) ..................674
7.6
Exporting an analysis model to ADA (through GTC) (DEV2012 #1.3) ........................................................675
7.7
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12197) ...675
7.8
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12197) ... 675
7.9 Verifying the releases option of the planar elements edges after the model was exported and imported via
GTC format (TTAD #12137) .................................................................................................................................675
7.10
System stability when importing AE files with invalid geometry (TTAD #12232) .......................................675
7.11
Verifying the load case properties from models imported as GTC files (TTAD #12306) ...........................676
7.12
Importing IFC files containing continuous foundations (TTAD #12410) .....................................................676
7.13
Importing GTC files containing "PH.RDC" system (TTAD #12055) ...........................................................676
7.14
Exporting a meshed model to GTC (TTAD #12550) ..................................................................................676
JOINT DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 677

8.1
Deleting a welded tube connection - 1 gusset bar (TTAD #12630).............................................................678
8.2
Creating connections groups (TTAD #11797) ............................................................................................678
MESH ................................................................................................................................... 679

9.1
Verifying the mesh for a model with generalized buckling (TTAD #11519) .................................................680
9.2
Creating triangular mesh for planar elements (TTAD #11727) ...................................................................680
9.3
Verifying mesh points (TTAD #11748) ........................................................................................................680
9.4
Verifying the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.(TTAD #15251)........680
17
9.5
10
11
Verifying the mesh of a planar element influenced by peak smoothing. ..................................................... 680
OTHER CLIMATIC ENGINES ............................................................................................. 681

10.1
NV2009: Verifying wind on a protruding canopy. (TTAD #13880)............................................................. 682
10.2
NV2009: Generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height (TTAD #12604) ............... 682
10.3
NV2009: Verifying wind and snow reports for a protruding roof (TTAD #11318) ...................................... 682
10.4
NV2009: generating wind loads and snow loads on a simple structure with planar support (TTAD #11380) ... 682
REPORTS GENERATOR .................................................................................................... 683

11.1
Generating a report with modal analysis results (TTAD #10849) .............................................................. 684
11.2
System stability when the column releases interfere with support restraints (TTAD #10557) ................... 684
11.3
Modal analysis: eigen modes results for a structure with one level ........................................................... 684
11.4
Generating the critical magnification factors report (TTAD #11379) ......................................................... 684
11.5
Verifying the model geometry report (TTAD #12201) ............................................................................... 684
11.6
Verifying the shape sheet for a steel beam (TTAD #12455) ..................................................................... 685
11.7
Verifying the shape sheet report (TTAD #12353) ...................................................................................... 685
11.8
Verifying the EC2 calculation assumptions report (TTAD #11838) ........................................................... 685
11.9
Verifying the Max row on the user table report (TTAD #12512) ................................................................ 685
11.10
Verifying the Min/Max values from the user reports (TTAD# 12231) ...................................................... 685
11.11 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the end point of super element) (TTAD
#12230, TTAD #12261) ........................................................................................................................................ 685
11.12
Creating the steel materials description report (TTAD #11954) .............................................................. 686
11.13 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230) 686
11.14 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on end points and middle of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 686
11.15
Creating the rules table (TTAD #11802) ................................................................................................. 686
11.16 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the start point of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 686
11.17 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.18 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.19 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on start and end of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.20 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on end points and middle of super
element) (TTAD #12230) ...................................................................................................................................... 687
11.21 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the start point of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 688
11.22 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the start point of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 688
11.23 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on end points and middle of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 688
11.24
18
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD #12230) 689
11.25
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on start and end of super element) (TTAD #12230) .....689
11.26 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the end point of super element) (TTAD
#12230, #12261) ..................................................................................................................................................689
11.27 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on start and end of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .....................................................................................................................................................690
12
11.28
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD #12230) 690
11.29
Verifying the shape sheet strings display (TTAD #12622) .......................................................................690
11.30
Verifying the modal analysis report (TTAD #12718) ................................................................................690
11.31
Verifying the steel shape sheet display (TTAD #12657) ..........................................................................690
SEISMIC ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 691

12.1
EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls ...........................................................................................692
12.2
EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure .................692
12.3
EC8: verifying the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints (TTAD #12706) ...............................692
12.4
Verifying the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports (TTAD #13011). ..........................692
12.5
Seismic norm PS92: verifying efforts and torsors on planar elements (TTAD #12974) .............................692
12.6
Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #12472) ..................................................................693
12.7 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building option,
according to Eurocode EC8 standard (TTAD #14161) .........................................................................................693
12.8 EC8 Romanian Annex: verifying action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and planar supports
(TTAD #14840) .....................................................................................................................................................693
12.9 EC 8 General Annex: verifying torsors on a 6 storey single concrete core subjected to horizontal forces
and seismic action ................................................................................................................................................693
12.10
EC8 French Annex: verifying seismic results when a design spectrum is used (TTAD #13778) .............694
12.11 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section cuts
(TTAD #14460) .....................................................................................................................................................694
12.12 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Romanian
EC8 appendix (DEV2013 #8.2) ............................................................................................................................694
12.13 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Eurocode
EC8 standard (DEV2013 #8.2) .............................................................................................................................694
12.14 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Marocco
seismic standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #8.2) ...................................................................................................695
12.15
EC8 Fr Annex: Generating forces results per modes on linear and planar elements (TTAD #13797) ....695
12.16
Verifying seismic efforts on planar elements with Q4 and T3-Q4 mesh type (TTAD #14244) .................695
12.17 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Marocco seismic standards (RPS
2011) (DEV2013 #3.6) ..........................................................................................................................................695
12.18 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to French
PS92/100 standard (DEV2013 #8.2) ....................................................................................................................696
12.19 EC8 : Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Czech seismic standards (CSN
EN 1998-1) (DEV2012 #3.18) ...............................................................................................................................696
12.20
Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #11478) ................................................................696
12.21
Verifying signed concomitant linear elements envelopes on Fx report (TTAD #11517) ..........................697
12.22
EC8: Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down. (TTAD #15095) ..................697
12.23
Verifying the combinations description report (TTAD #11632) ................................................................697
19
1 Finite Element Method
1.1
Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2433
Test status: Passed
1.1.1
Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the free extremity of a cantilever rectangular plate fixed on one side. The plate is
1 m long, subjected to a uniform planar load.
1.1.2
Background
1.1.2.1
Model description
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLS 01/89.

Analysis type: linear static.
Element type: planar.
Cantilever rectangular plate
01-0001SSLSB_FEM
Units
S.I.
Geometry
Thickness: e = 0.005 m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m.
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa,
Poisson's ratio: = 0.3.
Boundary conditions
22
Outer: Fixed at end x = 0,

Inner: None.
Scale =1/4
Loadings
1.1.2.2
External: Uniform load p = -1700 Pa on the upper surface,

Internal: None.
Displacement of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
The reference displacement is calculated for the unsupported end located at x = 1m.
bl4p
u = 8EI =
z
0.1 x 14 x 1700
0.1 x 0.0053
11
8 x 2.1 x 10 x
12
= -9.71 cm
Finite elements modeling
Planar element: plate, imposed mesh,

1100 nodes,
990 surface quadrangles.
Deformed shape
Deformed cantilever rectangular plate
Scale =1/4
01-0001SSLSB_FEM
1.1.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement on the free extremity [cm]
-9.71
1.1.3
Result name
DZ
Calculated results
Result description
Vertical displacement on the free extremity [cm]
Value
-9.58696 cm
Error
1.27%
23
1.2
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 30 ) (01-0009SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2441
Test status: Passed
1.2.1
Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.2.2
Background
1.2.2.1
Model description
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SDLS 02/89;

Analysis type: modal analysis;
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side
01-0009SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Side: a = 1 m,
= 30
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
3
C ( 0.5a ; 2 a ; 0 )
A
EA
3
D ( 1.5a ; 2 a ; 0 )
A
EA
24
Scale =1/10
Poisson's ratio: = 0.3,
Density: = 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
Outer: AB side fixed,

Inner: None.
Loading
1.2.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Eigen mode frequencies relative to the angle
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a lozenge of side "a" leads to the frequencies:
fj =
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where i = 1,2, or i2 = g().
= 30
12
3.961
22
10.19
M. V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.

961 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
25
1.2.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
9.8987
CM2
Eigen mode
25.4651
1.2.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
26
Value
9.82 Hz
23.44 Hz
Error
-0.80%
-7.95%
1.3
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 0 ) (01-0007SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2439
Test status: Passed
1.3.1
Description
weight only.
1.3.2
Background
1.3.2.1
Model description

Scale =1/10
01-0007SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
= 0
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C(0;a;0)
D(a;a;0)
27
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
1.3.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Eigen mode frequencies relative to the angle
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a side "a" lozenge, leads to the frequencies:
fj =
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where i = 1,2, and i2 = g().
=0
12
3.492
22
8.525
M.V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
calculation method.

61 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
28
1.3.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.7266
CM2
Eigen mode
21.3042
1.3.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Value
8.67 Hz
21.21 Hz
Error
-0.65%
-0.44%
29
1.4
System of two bars with three hinges (01-0002SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2434
Test status: Passed
1.4.1
Description
On a system of two bars (AC and BC) with three hinges, a punctual load in applied in point C. The vertical
displacement in point C and the tensile stress on the bars are verified.
1.4.2
Background
1.4.2.1
Model description
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLL 09/89;

Analysis type: linear static;
Element type: linear.
System of two bars with three hinges
Scale =1/33
0002SSLLB_FEM
4.5
00
0
.50
4
C
Y
Z
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Bars angle relative to horizontal: = 30,

Bars length: l = 4.5 m,
-4
2
Bar section: A = 3 x 10 m .
30
30
30
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Hinged in A and B,

Inner: Hinge on C
Loading
1.4.2.2
External: Punctual load in C: F = -21 x 103 N.

Internal: None.
Displacement of the model in C
Reference solution
uc = -3 x 10-3 m
Linear element: beam, imposed mesh,

21 nodes,
20 linear elements.
Displacement shape
Displacement in C
1.4.2.3
Scale =1/33
0002SSLLB_FEM
Bars stresses
Reference solutions
AC bar = 70 MPa
BC bar = 70 MPa

21 nodes,
20 linear elements.
31
1.4.2.4
Shape of the stress diagram

Bars stresses
1.4.2.5
Scale =1/34
0002SSLLB_FEM
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
-0.30
CM2
Sxx
Tensile stress on AC bar [MPa]
70
CM2
Sxx
Tensile stress on BC bar [MPa]
70
1.4.3
Result name
DZ
Calculated results
Result description
Value
-0.299954 cm
Error
0.02%
Sxx
Tensile stress on AC bar [MPa]
69.9998 MPa
0.00%
Sxx
Tensile stress on BC bar [MPa]
69.9998 MPa
0.00%
32
1.5
Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2438
Test status: Passed
1.5.1
Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies for a thin circular ring fixed in two points, subjected to its own weight only.
1.5.2
Background
1.5.2.1
Model description
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SDLL 12/89;

Analysis type: modal analysis, plane problem;
Thin circular ring fixed in two points
Scale =1/2
01-0006SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Average radius of curvature: OA = OB = R = 0.1 m,

Angular spacing between points A and B: 120 ;
Rectangular straight section:
Thickness: h = 0.005 m,
Width: b = 0.010 m,
-5
2
Section: A = 5 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 1.042 x 10-10 m4,
33
Point coordinates:
O (0 ;0),
A (-0.05 3 ; -0.05),
B (0.05 3 ; -0.05).
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at A and B,

Inner: None.
Loading
1.5.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Eigen mode frequencies
Reference solutions
The deformation of the fixed ring is calculated from the deformations of the free-free thin ring
Symmetrical mode:
ui = i cos(i)
vi = sin (i)
1-i2
i = Error! Bookmark not defined. R sin (i)
A
Antisymmetrical mode:
ui = i sin(i)
vi = -cos (i)
1-i2
i = Error! Bookmark not defined. R cos (i)
A
From Greens method results:

fj =
1
h
E
j
2 R 2
12
with a support angle of 120.
i
Symmetrical mode
Antisymmetrical mode
1
4.8497
1.9832
34
Linear element: beam, without meshing,

32 nodes,
32 linear elements.
2
14.7614
9.3204
3
23.6157
11.8490
4
21.5545
Eigen mode shapes
35
1.5.2.3
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 1 frequency - 1 antisymmetric 1 [Hz]
235.3
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 2 frequency - 2 symmetric 1 [Hz]
575.3
CM2
Eigen mode
1105.7
CM2
Eigen mode
1405.6
CM2
Eigen mode
1751.1
CM2
Eigen mode
2557
CM2
Eigen mode
2801.5
1.5.3
Result name
36
Theoretic results
Calculated results
Result description
Value
236.32 Hz
Error
0.43%
578.52 Hz
0.56%
1112.54 Hz
0.62%
1414.22 Hz
0.61%
1760 Hz
0.51%
2569.97 Hz
0.51%
2777.43 Hz
-0.86%
1.6
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 3) (01-0013SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2445
Test status: Passed
1.6.1
Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
subjected to its self weight only.
1.6.2
Background
1.6.2.1
Model description

Analysis type: modal analysis (plane problem);
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow
Case 3
Scale = 1/12
01-0013SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
37
Geometry
Average radius of curvature: OA = R = 1 m,

Straight circular hollow section:
Outer diameter: de = 0.020 m,
Inner diameter: di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
-9
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the y-axis: Iy = 4.637 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 4.637 x 10-9 m4,
-9
4
Polar inertia: Ip = 9.274 x 10 m .
Points coordinates (in m):
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at points C and Ds,
At A: translation restraint along y and z,
At B: translation restraint along x and z,

Inner: None.
Loading
1.6.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
The Rayleigh method applied to a thin curved beam is used to determine parameters such as:
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,
38
Linear element: beam,

41 nodes,
40 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
1.6.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz]
25.300
CM2
Eigen mode
27.000
1.6.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Value
24.96 Hz
Error
-1.34%
26.71 Hz
-1.07%
39
1.7
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 1) (01-0011SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2443
Test status: Passed
1.7.1
Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) with fixed ends and subjected to its self weight only.
1.7.2
Background
1.7.2.1
Model description

Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane
Case 1
Scale = 1/7
01-0011SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
40

Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m2,
-9
4
-9
4
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at points A and B ,

Inner: None.
Loading
1.7.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,

11 nodes,
10 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
41
1.7.2.3
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
119
CM2
Eigen mode
227
1.7.3
Result name
42
Theoretical results
Calculated results
Result description
Value
120.09 Hz
Error
0.92%
227.1 Hz
0.04%
1.8
Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span (01-0015SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2447
Test status: Passed
1.8.1
Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of four elements of length "l", having identical
characteristics. A punctual load of -10000 N is applied.
1.8.2
Background
1.8.2.1
Model description
Reference: internal GRAITEC test;

Units
I. S.
Geometry
=1m
2
S = 0.01 m
I = 0.0001 m4
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at ends x = 0 and x = 4 m,
Elastic support with k = EI/ rigidity

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual load P = -10000 N at x = 2m,

Internal: None.
43
1.8.2.2
Displacement of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
The reference vertical displacement v3, is calculated at the middle of the beam at x = 2 m.
Rigidity matrix of a plane beam:
ES

0
[K e ] = ES
12EI
3
6EI
2
6EI
2
4EI
12EI
3
6EI
2
ES
0
0
ES
l
6EI
2
2EI
6EI
2
2EI
6EI
2

4EI

12EI
3
6EI
2
0
12EI
3
6EI
2
Given the symmetry / X and load of the structure, it is unnecessary to consider the degrees of freedom associated
with normal work (u2, u3, u4).
The same symmetry allows the deduction of:
v2 = v4
2 = -4
3 = 0
12
3
6
2

12
3
6
2

EI
44
6
2
4
6
2
12
3
6
2
24
3
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
24 1
3 +
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
24
3
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
12
3
6
2
v1 R1
M
1 1
v 2 0 (1)

2 0 (2)
v 3 P (3 )
=
3 0 (4 )
v 0 (5 )
4
4 0 (6 )
2

2 v 5 R5
5 M5
6
2

4

[ ]
The elementary rigidity matrix of the spring in its local axis system, k 5 =
EI
the global axis system by means of the rotation matrix (90 rotation):
0 0
0 1
[K 5 ] = EI 0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 (u 3 )
0 (v 3 )
0 ( 3 )
0 (u 6 )
0 (v 6 )
0 ( 6 )
6
2
8
3
v3 + 3 + 4 = 0 4 = v3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 1 (U 3 )
, must be expressed in
1 1 (U 6 )
12
6
24
v 3 2 3 + 3 v 4 = 0 2v 4 = v 3
3
6
2
8
6
2
v + 2 + 3 2 v 4 + 4 = 0 v 4 = v 2 (usually unnecessary)
2 2
3
(3) 12 v 2 6 2 + 24 + 1 v 3 12 v 4 6 4 = P v 3 = P
= 0.11905 10 03 m
3
2
3
3
2
2
EI
3 + l EI

6 nodes,
4 linear elements + 1 spring,
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span
Deformed
Note: the displacement is expressed here in m
1.8.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [mm]
-0.11905
1.8.3
Result name
Dz
Calculated results
Result description
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [mm]
Value
-0.119048
mm
Error
0.00%
45
1.9
Short beam on simple supports (on the neutral axis) (01-0017SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2449
Test status: Passed
1.9.1
Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are located on the neutral
axis), subjected to its own weight only.
1.9.2
Background

Short beam on simple supports on the neutral axis
Scale = 1/6
01-0017SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Height: h = 0.2 m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m,
-2
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10-5 m4.
46
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at A (null horizontal and vertical displacements),
Simple support in B.
Inner: None.
Loading
1.9.2.1
External: None.
Internal: None.
Eigen modes frequencies
Reference solution
The bending beams equation gives, when superimposing, the effects of simple bending, shear force deformations
and rotation inertia, Timoshenko formula.
The reference eigen modes frequencies are determined by a numerical simulation of this equation, independent of
any software.
The eigen frequencies in tension-compression are given by:
fi =
2l
where i =
(2i 1)
2
Linear element: S beam, imposed mesh,

10 nodes,
9 linear elements.
47
Eigen mode shapes
48
1.9.2.2
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
431.555
CM2
Eigen mode
1265.924
CM2
Eigen mode
1498.295
CM2
Eigen mode
2870.661
CM2
Eigen mode
3797.773
CM2
Eigen mode
4377.837
1.9.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Value
437.12 Hz
Error
1.29%
1264.32 Hz
-0.13%
1537.16 Hz
2.59%
2911.46 Hz
1.42%
3754.54 Hz
-1.14%
4281.23 Hz
-2.21%
49
1.10 Thin square plate fixed on one side (01-0019SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2451
Test status: Passed
1.10.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a thin square plate fixed on one side.
1.10.2 Background
1.10.2.1 Model description

Thin square plate fixed on one side
Scale = 1/6
01-0019SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
50
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: t = 1 m,
Points coordinates in m:
A (0 ;0 ;0)
B (1 ;0 ;0)
C (1 ;1 ;0)
D (0 ;1 ;0)
Boundary conditions
Outer: Edge AD fixed.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
1.10.2.2 Eigen modes frequencies

Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a square plate with side "a", leads to:
fj =
1
i2
2 a 2
i
i
Et 2
12(1 2 )
1
3.492
where i = 1,2, . . .
2
8.525
3
21.43
4
27.33
5
31.11
6
54.44
Planar element: shell,

959 nodes,
900 planar elements.
51
Eigen mode shapes

Mode 1

Mode 2

Mode 3
52
1.10.2.3 Theoretical results

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.7266
CM2
Eigen mode
21.3042
CM2
Eigen mode
53.5542
CM2
Eigen mode
68.2984
CM2
Eigen mode
77.7448
CM2
Eigen mode
136.0471
1.10.3 Calculated results

Result name
Result description
Value
8.67 Hz
Error
-0.65%
21.22 Hz
-0.40%
53.13 Hz
-0.79%
67.74 Hz
-0.82%
77.15 Hz
-0.77%
134.65 Hz
-1.03%
53
1.11 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 15 ) (01-0008SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2440
Test status: Passed
1.11.1 Description
weight only.
1.11.2 Background

Scale =1/10
01-0008SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
54
Side: a = 1 m,
= 15
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C ( 0.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
D ( 1.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1.11.2.2 Eigen modes frequencies function by angle

Reference solution
fj =
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where i = 1,2, or i2 = g().
= 15
12
3.601
22
8.872
calculation method.

961 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
55

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.999
CM2
Eigen mode
22.1714

Result name
Result description
56
Value
8.95 Hz
21.69 Hz
Error
-0.54%
-2.17%
1.12 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 2) (01-0012SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2444
Test status: Passed
1.12.1 Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
1.12.2 Background

Case 2
Scale = 1/11
01-0012SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry

L = 0.6 m,
Outer diameter de = 0.020 m,
Inner diameter di = 0.016 m,
Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m2,
-9
4
-9
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 4.637 x 10 m ,
57
Polar inertia: Ip = 9.274 x 10-9 m4.

O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at points C and D

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1.12.2.2 Eigen mode frequencies

Reference solution
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,
58

23 nodes,
22 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
94
CM2
Eigen mode
180

Result name
Result description
Value
94.62 Hz
184.68 Hz
Error
0.66%
2.60%
59
1.13 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling (01-0021SFLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2453
Test status: Passed
1.13.1 Description
Verifies the critical load result on node 5 of a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling. A punctual load of -100000 is
applied.
1.13.2 Background
Reference: internal GRAITEC test (Euler theory);

Analysis type: Eulerian buckling;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
2
S=0.01 m
I = 0.0002 m4
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.0 x 1010 N/m2,
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
60
External: Punctual load P = -100000 N at x = L,

Internal: None.
1.13.2.2 Critical load on node 5

Reference solution
The reference critical load established by Euler is:
Pcritique =
2EI
98696
= 98696 N =
= 0.98696
2
100000
4L
Planar element: beam, imposed mesh,

5 nodes,
4 elements.
Deformed shape

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fx
Critical load on node 5. [N]
-98696

Result name
Fx
Result description
Critical load on node 5 (mode 1) [N]
Value
-100000 N
Error
-1.32%
61
1.14 Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2448
Test status: Passed
1.14.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies and the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of eight
elements of length "l", having identical characteristics. A punctual load of -50000 N is applied.
1.14.2 Background
Reference: internal GRAITEC test (beams theory);

Analysis type: static linear, modal analysis;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: l = 16 m,
Axial section: S=0.06 m2
4
Inertia I = 0.0001 m
Density: = 7850 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at both ends x = 0 and x = 8 m,

Inner: None.
Loading
62
External: Punctual load P = -50000 N at x = 4m,

Internal: None.
1.14.2.2 Displacement of the model in the linear elastic range

Reference solution
The reference vertical displacement v5, is calculated at the middle of the beam at x = 2 m.
v5 =
Pl 3
50000 16 3
=
= 0.05079 m
192EI 192 2.1E11 0.0001

9 nodes,
8 elements.
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam
Deformed
1.14.2.3 Eigen mode frequencies of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
Knowing that the first four eigen mode frequencies of a double fixed beam are given by the following formula:
fn =
2. .L2
2
n
12
2
E.I
2
where for the first 4 eigen modes frequencies
2
.S
3
2
4
= 22.37 f1 = 2.937 Hz
= 61.67 f 2 = 8.095 Hz
= 120.9 f 3 = 15.871 Hz
= 199.8 f 4 = 26.228 Hz

9 nodes,
8 elements.
63
Modal deformations
Double fixed beam
Mode 1
Double fixed beam

Mode 2
Double fixed beam

Mode 3
Double fixed beam

Mode 4
64

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [m]
-0.05079
CM2
Eigen mode
2.937
CM2
Eigen mode
8.095
CM2
Eigen mode
15.870
CM2
Eigen mode
26.228

Result name
Dz
Result description
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [m]
Value
-0.0507937
m
Error
-0.01%
2.94 Hz
0.10%
8.09 Hz
-0.06%
15.79 Hz
-0.50%
25.76 Hz
-1.78%
65
1.15 Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter (01-0020SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2452
Test status: Passed
1.15.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a thin rectangular plate simply supported on its perimeter.
1.15.2 Background

Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter
Scale = 1/8
01-0020SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
66
Length: a = 1.5 m,
Width: b = 1 m,
A (0 ;0 ;0)
B (0 ;1.5 ;0)
C (1 ;1.5 ;0)
D (1 ;0 ;0)
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support on all sides,
For the modeling: hinged at A, B and D.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.

Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a rectangular plate with supports on all four sides, leads to:
fij =
j
i
[ ( )2 + ( )2 ]
a
b
2
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where:
i = number of half-length of wave along y ( dimension a)
j = number of half-length of wave along x ( dimension b)

496 nodes,
67
Eigen mode shapes
68

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode i" - j frequency, for i = 1; j = 1. [Hz]
35.63
CM2
Eigen mode
68.51
CM2
Eigen mode
109.62
CM2
Eigen mode
123.32
CM2
Eigen mode
142.51
CM2
Eigen mode
197.32

Result name
Result description
Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 1; j = 1 (Mode 1) [Hz]
Value
35.58 Hz
Error
-0.14%
68.29 Hz
-0.32%
109.98 Hz
0.33%
123.02 Hz
-0.24%
141.98 Hz
-0.37%
195.55 Hz
-0.90%
69
1.16 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 45 ) (01-0010SDLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2442
Test status: Passed
1.16.1 Description
weight only.
1.16.2 Background

Scale =1/10
01-0010SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
70
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
= 45
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C(
D(
2
2
a;
a;0)
2
2
2
2+ 2
a;
a;0)
2
2
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1.16.2.2 Eigen mode frequencies relative to the angle

Reference solution
fj =
1
i2
2 a 2
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where i = 1,2, or i2 = g().
= 45
12
4.4502
22
10.56
calculation method.

961 nodes,
71
Eigen mode shapes

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
11.1212
CM2
Eigen mode
26.3897

Result name
72
Result description
Value
11.28 Hz
Error
1.43%
28.08 Hz
6.41%
1.17 Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2446
Test status: Passed
1.17.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a circular ring hanged on an elastic element, subjected to its self weight
only.
1.17.2 Background

Analysis type: modal analysis, plane problem;
Thin circular ring hang from an elastic element
Scale = 1/1
01-0014SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Average radius of curvature: OB = R = 0.1 m,

Length of elastic element: AB = 0.0275 m ;
Straight rectangular section:
Ring
Width: b = 0.010 m,
Section: A = 5 x 10-5 m2,
73
Flexure moment of relative to the vertical axis: I = 1.042 x 10-10 m4,

Elastic element
Width: b = 0.010 m,
Section: A = 3 x 10-5 m2,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 2.25 x 10-11 m4,
Points coordinates:
O ( 0 ; 0 ),
A ( 0 ; -0.0725 ),
B ( 0 ; -0.1 ).
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A,
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.

Reference solutions
The reference solution was established from experimental results of a mass manufactured aluminum ring.

43 nodes,
43 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
74

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 1 Asymmetrical frequency [Hz]
28.80
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 2 Symmetrical frequency [Hz]
189.30
CM2
Eigen mode
268.80
CM2
Eigen mode
641.00
CM2
Eigen mode
682.00
CM2
Eigen mode
1063.00

Result name
Result description
Value
28.81 Hz
Error
0.03%
189.69 Hz
0.21%
269.38 Hz
0.22%
642.15 Hz
0.18%
683.9 Hz
0.28%
1065.73 Hz
0.26%
75
1.18 Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2450
Test status: Passed
1.18.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are eccentric relative to
the neutral axis).
1.18.2 Background

Analysis type: modal analysis, (plane problem);
Short beam on simple supports (eccentric)
Scale = 1/5
01-0018SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
76
Height: h = 0.2m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m,
-2
4
-5
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10 m .
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at A (null horizontal and vertical displacements),
Simple support at B.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.

Reference solution
The problem has no analytical solution, the solution is determined by averaging several software: Timoshenko model
with shear force deformation effects and rotation inertia. The bending modes and the traction-compression are
coupled.
Linear element: S beam, imposed mesh,

10 nodes,
9 linear elements.
Eigen modes shape

Mode 1
77

Mode 2

Mode 3
78

Mode 4

Mode 5
79

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
392.8
CM2
Eigen mode
902.2
CM2
Eigen mode
1591.9
CM2
Eigen mode
2629.2
CM2
Eigen mode
3126.2

Result name
80
Result description
Value
393.7 Hz
Error
0.23%
945.35 Hz
4.78%
1595.94 Hz
0.25%
2526.22 Hz
-3.92%
3118.91 Hz
-0.23%
1.19 Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2457
Test status: Passed
1.19.1 Description
A straight slender beam on three supports is loaded with two punctual loads. The bending moment, vertical
displacement and reaction on the center are verified.
1.19.2 Background

Analysis type: static (plane problem);
Slender beam on three supports
Scale = 1/49
01-0025SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 3 m,
Beam inertia: I = 6.3 x 10-4 m4.
81
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at A,
6
Elastic support at B (Ky = 2.1 x 10 N/m),
Simple support at C.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: 2 punctual loads F = Fy = -42000N.

Internal: None.
1.19.2.2 Bending moment at B

Reference solution
The resolution of the hyperstatic system of the slender beam leads to:
k=
6EI
L3Ky
Bending moment at B: MB
MB =
L ( 6 + 2k )F
2
(8 + k )

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Results shape
Scale = 1/49
Bending moment
82
1.19.2.3 Reaction in B
Reference solution
Compression force in the spring: VB

-11F
VB = 8 + k
A

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
1.19.2.4 Vertical displacement at B

Reference solution
Deflection at the spring location: vB

11F
vB = Ky(8 + k)
A

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Results shape
Deformed
83

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
My
Bending moment in point B. [Nm]
-63000
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement in point B. [cm]
-1.00
CM2
Fz
Reaction in point B. [N]
-21000

Result name
My
Result description
Bending moment in point B [Nm]
Value
-63000 N*m
Error
0.00%
DZ
Vertical displacement in point B [cm]
-1 cm
0.00%
Fz
Reaction in point B [N]
-21000 N
0.00%
84
1.20 Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2461
Test status: Passed
1.20.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about Z-axis, the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement on several points of a
double hinged thin arc in planar bending.
1.20.2 Background

Analysis type: static linear (plane problem);
Double hinged thin arc in planar bending
01-0029SSLLB_FEM
Scale = 1/8
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Medium radius: R = 1 m ,
Circular hollow section:
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Ix = 4.637 x 10-9 m4.
85
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinge at A,
At B: allowed rotation along z, vertical displacement restrained along y.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual load at C: Fy = F = - 100 N.

Internal: None.
1.20.2.2 Displacements at A, B and C

Reference solution
Rotation about z-axis
FR2
A = - B = ( 2 - 1) 2EI
A
Displacement;
FR
3
FR3
Vertical at C: vC = 8 EA + ( 4 - 2) 2EI
A
FR FR3
Horizontal at B: uB = 2EA - 2EI
A
86

37 nodes,
36 linear elements.
Displacements shape
Fixed thin arc in planar bending
Scale = 1/11
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad]
0.030774
CM2
RY
Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad]
-0.030774
CM2
DZ
-1.9206
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement in point B [cm]
5.3912

Result name
RY
Result description
Value
0.0307785 Rad
Error
0.01%
RY
-0.0307785 Rad
-0.01%
DZ
-1.92019 cm
0.02%
DX
Horizontal displacement in point B [cm]
5.386 cm
-0.10%
87
1.21 Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2455
Test status: Passed
1.21.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a symmetrical portal frame with fixed supports.
1.21.2 Background

Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame
Scale = 1/5
01-0023SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Straight rectangular sections for beams and columns:

Width: b = 0.029 m,
-4
2
Section: A = 1.392 x 10 m ,
x
y
88
A
-0.30
0
B
0.30
0
C
-0.30
0.36
D
0.30
0.36
E
-0.30
0.81
F
0.30
0.81
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.

Reference solution
Dynamic radius method (slender beams theory).

60 nodes,
60 linear elements.
Deformed shape
Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame
Scale = 1/7
Mode 13
89

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 1 antisymmetric frequency [Hz]
8.8
CM2
Eigen mode
29.4
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode 3 symmetric frequency [Hz]
43.8
CM2
Eigen mode
56.3
CM2
Eigen mode
96.2
CM2
Eigen mode
102.6
CM2
Eigen mode
147.1
CM2
Eigen mode
174.8
CM2
Eigen mode
178.8
CM2
Eigen mode
206
CM2
Eigen mode
266.4
CM2
Eigen mode
320
CM2
Eigen mode
335

Result name
90
Result description
Value
8.78 Hz
Error
-0.23%
29.43 Hz
0.10%
43.85 Hz
0.11%
56.3 Hz
0.00%
96.05 Hz
-0.16%
102.7 Hz
0.10%
147.08 Hz
-0.01%
174.96 Hz
0.09%
178.92 Hz
0.07%
206.23 Hz
0.11%
266.62 Hz
0.08%
319.95 Hz
-0.02%
334.96 Hz
-0.01%
1.22 Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2459
Test status: Passed
1.22.1 Description
Arc of a circle fixed at one end, subjected to two punctual loads and a torque at its free end. The horizontal
displacement, vertical displacement and rotation about Z-axis are verified.
1.22.2 Background

01-0027SSLLB_FEM
Scale = 1/24
Units
I. S.
Geometry
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Ix = 4.637 x 10-9 m4.
91
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A.
Inner: None.
Loading
External:
At B:
punctual load F1 = Fx = 10 N,
punctual load F2 = Fy = 5 N,
bending moment about Oz, Mz = 8 Nm.

Internal: None.
1.22.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
At point B:
R2
displacement parallel to Ox: u = 4EI [F1R + 2F2R + 4Mz]
A
R
displacement parallel to Oy: v = 4EI [2F1R + (3 - 8)F2R + 2( - 2)Mz]
R
rotation around Oz: = 4EI [4F1R + 2( - 2)F2R + 2Mz]
92

31 nodes,
30 linear elements.
Results shape
Scale = 1/19
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement in point B [m]
0.3791
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement in point B [m]
0.2417
CM2
RY
-0.1654

Result name
DX
Result description
Horizontal displacement in point B [m]
Value
0.378914 m
Error
-0.05%
DZ
Vertical displacement in point B [m]
0.241738 m
0.02%
RY
-0.165362 Rad
0.02%
93
1.23 Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2463
Test status: Passed
1.23.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal and the vertical displacement in several points of a truss with hinged bars, subjected to a
punctual load.
1.23.2 Background


Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load
Scale = 1/10
01-0031SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Elements
AC
CB
CD
BD
94
Length (m)
0.5 2
0.5 2
2.5
2
A
Area (m2)
2 x 10-4
2 x 10-4
1 x 10-4
1 x 10-4
Boundary conditions
Outer: Hinge at A and B,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual force at D: Fy = F = - 9.81 x 103 N.

Internal: None.
1.23.2.2 Displacements at C and D

Reference solution
Displacement method.

4 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Displacements shape
Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load
Deformed
Scale = 1/9
95

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement in point C [mm]
0.26517
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement in point D [mm]
3.47902
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement in point C [mm]
0.08839
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement in point D [mm]
-5.60084

Result name
DX
Result description
Horizontal displacement in point C [mm]
Value
0.264693 mm
Error
-0.18%
DX
Horizontal displacement in point D [mm]
3.47531 mm
-0.11%
DZ
0.0881705 mm
-0.25%
DZ
Vertical displacement in point D [mm]
-5.595 mm
0.10%
96
1.24 EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM)

Test ID: 2465
Test status: Passed
1.24.1 Description
Verifies the displacement at the top of an EDF Pylon and the dominating buckling results. Three punctual loads
corresponding to wind loads are applied on the main arms, on the upper arm and on the lower horizontal frames of
the pylon.
1.24.2 Background
Reference: Internal GRAITEC test;

Analysis type: static linear, Eulerian buckling;
Element type: linear
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged support,
For the modeling, a fixed restraint and 4 beams were added at the pylon supports level.
Inner: None.
97
Loading
External:
Punctual loads corresponding to a wind load.
FX = 165550 N, FY = - 1240 N, FZ = - 58720 N on the main arms,
FX = 50250 N, FY = - 1080 N, FZ = - 12780 N on the upper arm,
FX = 11760 N, FY = 0 N, FZ = 0 N on the lower horizontal frames

Internal: None.

Reference solution
98
Software
Max deflection (m)
dominating mode
ANSYS 5.3
0.714
2.77
NE/NASTRAN 7.0
0.714
2.77

402 nodes,
1034 elements.
Deformed shape
99
Buckling modal deformation (dominating mode)

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Displacement at the top of the pylon [m]
0.714
Dominating buckling - critical , mode 4 [Hz]
2.77
CM2

Result name
D
Result description
Displacement at the top of the pylon [m]
Dominating buckling - critical Lambda - mode 4 [Hz]
100
Value
0.71254 m
2.83 Hz
Error
-0.20%
2.17%
1.25 Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2456
Test status: Passed
1.25.1 Description
A straight slender beam with fixed ends is loaded with a uniform load, several punctual loads and a torque. The shear
force, bending moment, vertical displacement and horizontal reaction are verified.
1.25.2 Background

Slender beam on two fixed supports
Scale = 1/4
01-0024SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1 m,
Beam inertia: I = 1.7 x 10-8 m4.
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
101
Loading
External:
Uniformly distributed load from A to B: py = p = -24000 N/m,
Punctual load at D: Fx = F1 = 30000 N,
Torque at D: Cz = C = -3000 Nm,
Punctual load at E: Fx = F2 = 10000 N,
Punctual load at E: Fy = F = -20000 N.

Internal: None.
1.25.2.2 Shear force at G

Reference solution
Analytical solution:
Shear force at G: VG
VG = 0.216F 1.26
C
L

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Results shape
Scale = 1/5
Shear force
102
1.25.2.3 Bending moment in G

Reference solution
Bending moment at G: MG
pL2
MG = 24 - 0.045LF 0.3C
A

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Results shape
Scale = 1/5
Bending moment
1.25.2.4 Vertical displacement at G

Reference solution
Vertical displacement at G: vG
pl4
0.003375FL3 0.015CL2
vG = 384EI +
+
EI
EI
A

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
103
Results shape
Scale = 1/4
Deformed
1.25.2.5 Horizontal reaction at A

Reference solution
Horizontal reaction at A: HA
HA = -0.7F1 0.3F2
104

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
Shear force in point G. [N]
-540
CM2
My
Bending moment in point G. [Nm]
-2800
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement in point G. [cm]
-4.90
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction in point A. [N]
24000

Result name
Fz
Result description
Shear force in point G [N]
Value
-540 N
Error
0.00%
My
Bending moment in point G [Nm]
-2800 N*m
0.00%
DZ
Vertical displacement in point G [cm]
-4.90485 cm
-0.10%
Fx
Horizontal reaction in point A [N]
24000 N
0.00%
105
1.26 Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2460
Test status: Passed
1.26.1 Description
An arc of a circle fixed at one end is loaded with a punctual force at its free end, perpendicular to the plane. The out
of plane displacement, torsion moment and bending moment are verified.
1.26.2 Background

Analysis type: static linear;
Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending
01-0028SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Ix = 4.637 x 10-9 m4.
106
Scale = 1/6
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at A.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual force in B perpendicular on the plane: Fz = F = 100 N.

Internal: None.
1.26.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
Displacement out of plane at point B:
FR3 EIx 3
uB = EI [ 4 + K ( 4 - 2)]
x
T
A
where KT is the torsional rigidity for a circular section (torsion constant is 2Ix).
KT = 2GIx =
EIx
1+
A
FR3
3
uB = EI [ 4 + (1 + ) ( 4 - 2)]
x
A

46 nodes,
45 linear elements.
1.26.2.3 Moments at = 15
Reference solution
Torsion moment: Mx = Mt = FR(1 - sin)
Bending moment: Mz = Mf = -FRcos

46 nodes,
45 linear elements.

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Displacement out of plane in point B [m]
0.13462
CM2
Mx
Torsion moment in = 15 [Nm]
74.1180
CM2
Mz
Bending moment in = 15 [Nm]
-96.5925

Result name
D
Result description
Displacement out of plane in point B [m]
Value
0.135156 m
Error
0.40%
Mx
Torsion moment in Theta = 15 [Nm]
74.103 N*m
-0.02%
Mz
Bending moment in Theta = 15 [Nm]
96.5925 N*m
0.00%
107
1.27 Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2464
Test status: Passed
1.27.1 Description
A beam under 3 punctual loads lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The bending moment, vertical displacement
and rotation about z-axis on several points of the beam are verified.
1.27.2 Background

Beam on elastic soil, free ends
01-0032SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
108
L = ( 10 )/2,
I = 10-4 m4.
A
Scale = 1/21
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Free A and B extremities,
Constant linear stiffness of soil ky = K = 840000 N/m2.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual load at A, C and B: Fy = F = - 10000 N.

Internal: None.
1.27.2.2 Bending moment and displacement at C

Reference solution
=
4
A
K/(4EI)
E
= L/2
= sh (2) + sin (2)
Bending moment:
MC = (F/(4))(ch(2) - cos (2) 8sh()sin())/
Vertical displacement:
vC = - (F/(2K))( ch(2) + cos (2) + 8ch()cos() + 2)/

72 nodes,
71 linear elements.
Bending moment diagram

Beam on elastic soil, free ends
Scale = 1/20
Bending moment
109
1.27.2.3 Displacements at A
Reference solution
vA = (2F/K)( ch()cos() + ch(2) + cos(2))/
Rotation about z-axis

A = (-2F2/K)( sh()cos() - sin()ch() + sh(2) - sin(2))/

72 nodes,
71 linear elements

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
My
Bending moment in point C [Nm]
5759
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
-0.006844
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement in point A [m]
-0.007854
CM2
RY
Rotation about z-axis in point A [rad]
-0.000706

Result name
My
Result description
Value
5779.54 N*m
Error
0.36%
Dz
-0.00684369 m
0.00%
Dz
-0.00786073 m
-0.09%
RY
Rotation Theta about z-axis in point A [rad]
-0.000707427 Rad
-0.20%
110
1.28 Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2454
Test status: Passed
1.28.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode frequencies of a thin annular plate fixed on a hub.
1.28.2 Background

Element type: planar element.
Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure)
Scale = 1/3
01-0022SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Inner radius: Ri = 0.1 m,

Outer radius: Re = 0.2 m,
Thickness: t = 0.001 m.
Material properties
111
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed on a hub at any point r = Ri.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.

Reference solution
The solution of determining the frequency based on Bessel functions leads to the following formula:
fij =
A
1
2
2Re2 ij
E
EA
Et2
12(1-2)
A
AE
where:
i = the number of nodal diameters
j = the number of nodal circles
and
j \ i
0
1
ij2
such as:
0
13.0
85.1
112
Planar element: plate,

360 nodes,
1
13.3
86.7
2
14.7
91.7
3
18.5
100

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
79.26
CM2
Eigen mode
518.85
CM2
Eigen mode
81.09
CM2
Eigen mode
528.61
CM2
Eigen mode
89.63
CM2
Eigen mode
559.09
CM2
Eigen mode
112.79
CM2
Eigen mode
609.70

Result name
Result description
Value
79.05 Hz
521.84 Hz
Error
-0.26%
0.58%
80.52 Hz
-0.70%
529.49 Hz
0.17%
88.43 Hz
-1.34%
Eigen mode i" - j frequency, for i = 2; j = 1 (Mode 22) [Hz]
552.43 Hz
-1.19%
110.27 Hz
-2.23%
593.83 Hz
-2.60%
113
1.29 Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2458
Test status: Passed
1.29.1 Description
Two beams fixed at one end and rigidly connected to an undeformable beam is loaded with a punctual load. The
deflection, vertical reaction and bending moment are verified in several points.
1.29.2 Background

Fixed beams connected to a stiff element
01-0026SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
114
Lengths:
L = 2 m,
l = 0.2 m,
-8
4
Beams inertia moment: I = (4/3) x 10 m ,
-2
The beam sections are squared, of side: 2 x 10 m.
Scale = 1/10
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A and C,

Inner: The tangents to the deflection of beams AB and CD at B and D remain horizontal; practically, we
restraint translations along x and z at nodes B and D.
Loading
External: In D: punctual load F = Fy = -1000N.

Internal: None.
1.29.2.2 Deflection at B and D

Reference solution
The theory of slender beams bending (Euler-Bernouilli formula) leads to a deflection at B and D:
The resolution of the hyperstatic system of the slender beam leads to:
FL3
vB = vD = 24EI
A

4 nodes,
3 linear elements.
Results shape
Fixed beams connected to a stiff element
Deformed
Scale = 1/10
115
1.29.2.3 Vertical reaction at A and C

Reference solution
Analytical solution.

4 nodes,
3 linear elements.
1.29.2.4 Bending moment at A and C

Reference solution

4 nodes,
3 linear elements

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Deflection in point B [m]
0.125
CM2
Deflection in point D [m]
0.125
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction in point A [N]
-500
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction in point C [N]
-500
CM2
My
Bending moment in point A [Nm]
500
CM2
My
500

Result name
D
Result description
Deflection in point B [m]
Value
0.125376 m
Error
0.30%
Deflection in point D [m]
0.125376 m
0.30%
Fz
-500 N
0.00%
Fz
Vertical reaction in point C [N]
-500 N
0.00%
My
Bending moment in point A [Nm]
500.083 N*m
0.02%
My
500.083 N*m
0.02%
116
1.30 Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2462
Test status: Passed
1.30.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about z-axis and the bending moment on a portal frame with lateral connections.
1.30.2 Background

Portal frame with lateral connections
01-0030SSLLB_FEM
Scale = 1/21
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Beam
AB
Length
lAB = 4 m
Moment of inertia
64
IAB = 3 x 10-8 m4
1
IAC = 12 x 10-8 m4
1
IAD = 12 x 10-8 m4
4
IAE = 3 x 10-8 m4
A
AC
AD
AE
lAC = 1 m
lAD = 1 m
lAE = 2 m
117
G is in the middle of DA.

The beams have square sections:
-4
AAB = 16 x 10 m
-4
AAD = 1 x 10 m
-4
AAC = 1 x 10 m
-4
AAE = 4 x 10 m
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at B, D and E,
Hinge at C,
Inner: None.
Loading
External:
5
Punctual force at G: Fy = F = - 10 N,
3
Distributed load on beam AD: p = - 10 N/m.

Internal: None.
1.30.2.2 Displacements at A
Reference solution
Rotation at A about z-axis:
EIAn
We say: kAn = l
An
A
where n = B, C, D or E
3
K = kAB + kAD + kAE + 4 kAC
kAn
rAn = K
FlAD plAB2
C1 = 8 - 12
C1
= 4K
E
118

6 nodes,
5 linear elements.
Displacements shape
Portal frame with lateral connections
Deformed
1.30.2.3 Moments in A
Reference solution
plAB2
MAB = 12 + rAB x C1
FlAD
MAD = - 8 + rAD x C1
MAE = rAE x C1
MAC = rAC x C1

6 nodes,
5 linear elements
119

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
Rotation about z-axis in point A [rad]
-0.227118
CM2
My
Bending moment in point A (MAB) [Nm]
11023.72
CM2
My
Bending moment in point A (MAC) [Nm]
113.559
CM2
My
Bending moment in point A (MAD) [Nm]
12348.588
CM2
My
Bending moment in point A (MAE) [Nm]
1211.2994

Result name
RY
Result description
Rotation Theta about z-axis in point A [rad]
Value
-0.227401 Rad
Error
-0.12%
My
Bending moment in point A (Moment AB) [Nm]
11021 N*m
-0.02%
My
Bending moment in point A (Moment AC) [Nm]
113.704 N*m
0.13%
My
Bending moment in point A (Moment AD) [Nm]
12347.5 N*m
-0.01%
My
Bending moment in point A (Moment AE) [Nm]
1212.77 N*m
0.12%
120
1.31 Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure (01-0038SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2469
Test status: Passed
1.31.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the radial deformation and the longitudinal deformation of a cylinder loaded with a uniform internal
pressure.
1.31.2 Background
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLS 06/89;

Analysis type: static elastic;
Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure
01-0038SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/18
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.02 m.
121
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Free conditions
For the modeling, only of the cylinder is considered and the symmetry conditions are applied. On the
other side, we restrained the displacements at a few nodes in order to make the model stable.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform internal pressure: p = 10000 Pa,

Internal: None.
1.31.2.2 Stresses in all points

Reference solution
Stresses in the planar elements coordinate system (x axis is parallel with the length of the cylinder):
xx = 0
pR
yy = h
A

209 nodes,
1.31.2.3 Cylinder deformation in all points
Radial deformation:
pR2
R = Eh
A
Longitudinal deformation:
L =
-pRL
Eh
A

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
yy stress in all points [Pa]
500000.000000
CM2
Dz
L radial deformation of the cylinder in all points [m]
2.380000
CM2
DY
L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder in all points [m]
-2.860000

Result name
syy_mid
Result description
Sigma yy stress in all points [Pa]
Value
499521 Pa
Error
-0.10%
Dz
Delta R radial deformation of the cylinder in all points [m]
2.39213 m
0.51%
DY
Delta L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder in all points

[m]
-2.85445 m
0.19%
122
1.32 Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2473
Test status: Passed
1.32.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a cylinder under a uniform axial load.
1.32.2 Background

Analysis type: static elastic;
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load
01-0042SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/19
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
123
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Null axial displacement at the left end: vz = 0,
For the modeling, only a of the cylinder is considered.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m

Inner: None.
1.32.2.2 Stress in all points

Reference solution
x axis of the local coordinate system of planar elements is parallel to the cylinders axis.
q
xx = h
A
yy = 0
Planar element: shell, imposed mesh,

697 nodes,
1.32.2.3 Cylinder deformation at the free end

Reference solution
L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder:

qL
L = Eh
A
R radial deformation of the cylinder:

R =
A
-qR
Eh
E
124

697 nodes,
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load
Scale = 1/22
Deformation shape

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stress at all points [Pa]
5 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
yy stress at all points [Pa]
CM2
DY
L longitudinal deformation at the free end [m]
9.52 x 10-6
CM2
Dz
R radial deformation at the free end [m]
-7.14 x 10-7

Result name
sxx_mid
Result description
Sigma xx stress at all points [Pa]
Value
500000 Pa
Error
0.00%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stress at all points [Pa]
1.05305e-009 Pa
0.00%
DY
Delta L longitudinal deformation at the free end [mm]
-0.00952381 mm
-0.04%
Dz
Delta R radial deformation at the free end [mm]
0.000710887 mm
-0.44%
125
1.33 Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2467
Test status: Passed
1.33.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement in the center of a simply supported square plate.
1.33.2 Background

Simply supported square plate
01-0036SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side = 1 m,
Thickness h = 0.01m.
126
Scale = 1/9
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support on the plate perimeter,
For the modeling, we add a fixed support at B.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Self weight (gravity = 9.81 m/s2).

Internal: None.
1.33.2.2 Vertical displacement at O

Reference solution
According to Love- Kirchhoff hypothesis, the displacement w at a point (x,y):
w(x,y) = wmnsinmxsinny
where wmn =
192g(1 - 2)
mn(m2 + n2)6Eh2
AE

441 nodes,
Deformed shape
Simply supported square plate
Deformed
Scale = 1/6
127

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement in point O [m]
-0.158

Result name
Dz
128
Result description
Vertical displacement in point O [m]
Value
-0.164901 m
Error
-4.37%
1.34 Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2471
Test status: Passed
1.34.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal displacement and the stress on a plate (8 x 12 cm) fixed in the middle on 3 supports with a
punctual load at its free node.
1.34.2 Background
Reference: Klaus-Jrgen Bathe - Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Example 5.13;
Element type: planar (membrane).
, [ 1;1]
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: e = 0.1 cm,

Length: l = 8 cm,
Width: B = 12 cm.
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 30 x 106 N/cm2,
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed on 3 sides,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform load Fx = F = 6000 N at A,

Internal: None.
129
1.34.2.2 Results of the model in the linear elastic range

Reference solution
Point B is the origin of the coordinate system used for the results positions.
uA =
F
F
6000
=
= 9.3410 4 cm
=
K eabE
ES 2.674106 + 3.75106
2
1
+
+
3 a 2 1 2 b 2 (1 + ) 2a
= 1; xx1 = 0
E uA
(1 ) for = 0; xx1 = 1924 N/cm 2 = 19.24 MPa

xx1 =
1 2 2a
= 1; = 3849 N/cm 2 = 38.49 MPa
xx1
= 1; yy1 = 0
yy1 = xx1 for = 0; yy1 = 577 N/cm 2 = 5.77 MPa

= 1; = 1155 N/cm 2 = 11.55 MPa
yy1
= 1; xy1 = 0
E uA
(1 + ) for = 0; xy1 = 898 N/cm 2 = 8.98 MPa

xy1 =
1 + 8b
= 1; = 1796 N/cm 2 = 17.96 MPa
xy1
Planar element: membrane, imposed mesh,

6 nodes,
2 quadrangle planar elements and 1 bar.
Deformed shape
130

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement Element 1 in A [cm]
9.340000
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa]
38.490000
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa]
CM2
syy_mid
yy stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa]
11.550000
CM2
syy_mid
yy stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa]
CM2
sxy_mid
xy stress Element 1 in x = 0 cm [MPa]
CM2
sxy_mid
-8.980000
CM2
sxy_mid
-17.960000

Result name
DX
Result description
Horizontal displacement Element 1 in A [m]
Value
9.33999 m
Error
0.00%
sxx_mid
Sigma xx stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa]
38.489 MPa
0.00%
sxx_mid
Sigma xx stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa]
1.81899e-015 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa]
11.5467 MPa
-0.03%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa]
-2.72848e-015 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
Sigma xy stress Element 1 in x = 0 cm [MPa]
0 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
-8.98076 MPa
-0.01%
sxy_mid
-17.9615 MPa
-0.01%
131
1.35 Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF)

Test ID: 2475
Test status: Passed
1.35.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder subjected to its self
weight only.
1.35.2 Background
Analysis type: static, linear elastic;

A cylinder of R radius and L length subject of self weight only.
Thin cylinder under its self weight
01-0044SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
132
Density: = 7.85 x 104 N/m3.
Scale = 1/24
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Null axial displacement at z = 0,
For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinders axis.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Cylinder self weight,

Internal: None.
1.35.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
xx = z
yy = 0

697 nodes,
1.35.2.3 Cylinder deformation

Reference solution

z2
L = 2E
A
R radial deformation of the cylinder:

R =
A
-Rz
E
E
133

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stress for z = L [Pa]
-314000.000000
CM2
DY
L longitudinal deformation for z = L [mm]
0.002990
CM2
Dz
R radial deformation for z = L[mm]
-0.000440
* To obtain this result, you must generate a calculation note Planar elements stresses by load case in neutral fiber"
with results on center.

Result name
sxx_mid
Result description
Sigma xx stress for z = L [Pa]
Value
-309143 Pa
Error
1.55%
DY
Delta L longitudinal deformation for z = L [mm]
0.00298922 mm
-0.03%
Dz
Delta R radial deformation for z = L [mm]
-0.000443587 mm
-0.82%
134
1.36 Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2477
Test status: Passed
1.36.1 Description
A spherical shell is subjected to a uniform internal pressure. The stress and the radial deformation are verified.
1.36.2 Background

Spherical shell under internal pressure

01-0046SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Radius: R2 = 1 m,
= 90 (hemisphere).
135
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support (null displacement along vertical displacement) on the shell perimeter.
For modeling, we consider only half of the hemisphere, so we impose symmetry conditions (DOF restrains
placed in the vertical plane xy in translation along z and in rotation along x and y). In addition, the node at the
top of the shell is restrained in translation along x to assure the stability of the structure during calculation).
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform internal pressure p = 10000 Pa

Internal: None.
1.36.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If 0 90
11 = 22 =
pR22
2h
A

343 nodes,

Reference solution
R radial deformation of the calotte:

R =
pR22 (1 - ) sin
2Eh
A
136

343 nodes,
Deformed shape
Spherical shell under internal pressure
Scale = 1/11
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
11 stress for all [Pa]
2.50 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
22 stress for all [Pa]
2.50 x 105
CM2
Dz
R radial deformations for = 90 [m]
8.33 x 10-7

Result name
sxx_mid
Result description
Sigma 11 stress for all Theta [Pa]
Value
250202 Pa
Error
0.08%
syy_mid
Sigma 22 stress for all Theta [Pa]
249907 Pa
-0.04%
Dz
Delta R radial deformations for Theta = 90 [mm]
0.000832794 mm
-0.02%
137
1.37 Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2468
Test status: Passed
1.37.1 Description
A torsion moment is applied on the free end of a caisson beam fixed on one end. For both ends, the displacement,
the rotation about Z-axis and the stress are verified.
1.37.2 Background

Caisson beam in torsion
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length; L = 1m,
Square section of side: b = 0.1 m,
Thickness = 0.005 m.
138
01-0037SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/4
Boundary conditions
Outer: Beam fixed at end x = 0;

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Torsion moment M = 10N.m applied to the free end (for modeling, 4 forces of 50 N).
Internal: None.
1.37.2.2 Displacement and stress at two points

Reference solution
The reference solution is determined by averaging the results of several calculation software with implemented finite
elements method.
Points coordinates:
A (0,0.05,0.5)
B (-0.05,0,0.8)
Note: point O is the origin of the coordinate system (x,y,z).

90 nodes,
88 planar elements.
Deformed shape
Caisson beam in torsion
Deformed
Scale = 1/4
139

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Displacement in point A [m]
-0.617 x 10-6
CM2
Displacement in point B [m]
-0.987 x 10-6
CM2
RY
0.123 x 10-4
CM2
RY
0.197 x 10-4
CM2
sxy_mid
xy stress in point A [MPa]
-0.11
CM2
sxy_mid
xy stress in point B [MPa]
-0.11

Result name
D
Result description
Displacement in point A [m]
Value
0.615909 m
Error
-0.18%
Displacement in point B [m]
0.986806 m
-0.02%
RY
-1.23211e-005 Rad
-0.17%
RY
-1.97172e-005 Rad
-0.09%
sxy_mid
Sigma xy stress in point A [MPa]
-0.100037 MPa
-0.04%
sxy_mid
Sigma xy stress in point B [MPa]
-0.100212 MPa
-0.21%
140
1.38 Beam on two supports considering the shear force (01-0041SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2472
Test status: Passed
1.38.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on a 300 cm long beam, consisting of an I shaped profile of a total height of 20.04
cm, a 0.96 cm thick web and 20.04 cm wide / 1.46 cm thick flanges.
1.38.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
l=
h=
b=
tw =
tf =
Sx=
Iz =
Sy =
300
20.04
20.04
1.46
0.96
74.95
5462
16.43
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
cm4
cm2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2285938 daN/cm2,

Transverse elastic modulus G = 879207 daN/cm2
141
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support on node 11,
For the modeling, put an hinge at node 1 (instead of a simple support).

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Vertical punctual load P = -20246 daN at node 6,

Internal: None.
1.38.2.2 Vertical displacement of the model in the linear elastic range

Reference solution
The reference displacement is calculated in the middle of the beam, at node 6.
shear
flexion

3
Pl
Pl
20246 x3003
20246 x300
v6 =
+
=
+
= 0.912 0.105 = 1.017 cm
48EI z 4GS y 48 x 2285938 x5462 4 x 2285938 x16.43
2(1 + 0.3)
Planar element: S beam, imposed mesh,

11 nodes,
10 linear elements.
Deformed shape
142

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement at node 6 [cm]
-1.017

Result name
DZ
Result description
Vertical displacement at node 6 [cm]
Value
-1.01722 cm
Error
-0.02%
143
1.39 Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2476
Test status: Passed
1.39.1 Description
Verifies the stress and the radial deformation of a torus with uniform internal pressure.
1.39.2 Background

Torus with uniform internal pressure

01-0045SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
144
Transverse section radius: b = 1 m,
Average radius of curvature: a = 2 m.
Boundary conditions
Outer: For the modeling, only 1/8 of the cylinder is considered, so the symmetry conditions are imposed to end
nodes.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform internal pressure p = 10000 Pa

Internal: None.
1.39.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If a b r a + b
pb r + a
11 = 2h r
A
pb
22 = 2h
A

361 nodes,

Reference solution
R radial deformation of the torus:

pb
R = 2Eh (r - (r + a))
A

361 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
11 stresses for r = a - b [Pa]
7.5 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
11 stresses for r = a + b [Pa]
4.17 x 105
CM2
sxx_mid
22 stress for all r [Pa]
2.50 x 105
CM2
Dz
L radial deformations of the torus for r = a - b [m]
1.19 x 10-7
CM2
Dz
L radial deformations of the torus for r = a + b [m]
1.79 x 10-6
145
1.39.3Calculated results
Result name
syy_mid
Result description
Sigma 11 stresses for r = a - b [Pa]
Value
742770 Pa
Error
-0.96%
syy_mid
Sigma 11 stresses for r = a + b [Pa]
415404 Pa
-0.38%
sxx_mid
Sigma 22 stress for all r [Pa]
250331 Pa
0.13%
Dz
Delta L radial deformations of the torus for r = a - b

[mm]
-0.000117352 mm
1.38%
Dz
Delta L radial deformations of the torus for r = a + b

[mm]
0.00180274 mm
0.71%
146
1.40 Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2466
Test status: Passed
1.40.1 Description
A beam under a punctual load, a distributed load and two torques lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The
rotation around z-axis, the vertical reaction, the vertical displacement and the bending moment are verified in several
points.
1.40.2 Background

Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends
01-0034SSLLB_FEM
Scale = 1/27
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = ( 10 )/2,
I = 10-4 m4.
A
147
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Free A and B ends,
Soil with a constant linear stiffness ky = K = 840000 N/m2.

Inner: None.
Loading
External:
Punctual force at D: Fy = F = - 10000 N,
Uniformly distributed force from A to B: fy = p = - 5000 N/m,
Torque at A: Cz = -C = -15000 Nm,
Torque at B: Cz = C = 15000 Nm.

Internal: None.
1.40.2.2 Displacement and support reaction at A

Reference solution
=
4
A
K/(4EI)
E
= L/2
= ch(2) + cos(2)
Vertical support reaction:

VA = -p(sh(2) + sin(2)) - 2Fch()cos() + 22C(sh(2) - sin(2)) x
148
1
2
E
Rotation about z-axis:

A = p(sh(2) sin(2)) + 2Fsh()sin() - 22C(sh(2) + sin(2)) x

50 nodes,
49 linear elements.
1
(K/)
E
Deformed shape
Scale = 1/20
Deformed
1.40.2.3 Displacement and bending moment at D

Reference solution
vD = 2p( - 2ch()cos()) + F(sh(2) sin(2)) - 82Csh()sin() x
1
2K
E
Bending moment:
MD = 4psh()sin() + F(sh(2) + sin(2)) - 82Cch()cos() x
A
1
42
E

50 nodes,
49 linear elements.
149
Bending moment diagram

Scale = 1/20
Bending moment

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
Rotation around z-axis in point A [rad]
0.003045
CM2
Fz
-11674
CM2
Dz
Vertical displacement in point D [cm]
-0.423326
CM2
My
Bending moment in point D [Nm]
-33840

Result name
RY
Result description
Rotation around z-axis in point A [rad]
Value
0.00304333 Rad
Error
-0.05%
Fz
-11709 N
-0.30%
Dz
Vertical displacement in point D [cm]
-0.423297 cm
0.01%
My
Bending moment in point D [Nm]
-33835.9 N*m
0.01%
150
1.41 Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2470
Test status: Passed
1.41.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the stresses on a square plate of 2 x 2 m, fixed on 3 sides with a uniform
surface load on its surface.
1.41.2 Background

Element type: planar (membrane).
Square plate under planar stresses
Modeling
Scale = 1/19
, [ 1;1]
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: e = 1 m,
4 square elements of side h = 1 m.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed on 3 sides,

151
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform load p = -1. 108 N/ml on the upper surface,
Internal: None.

Reference solution
The reference displacements are calculated on nodes 7 and 9.
-6ph(3 + )(1 - 2)
= -0.1809 x 10-3 m,
E(8(3 - )2 - (3 + )2)
v9 =
A
v7 =
4(3 - )
v9 = -0.592 x 10-3 m,
3+
A
For element 1.4:

(For the stresses calculated above, the abscissa point (x = 0; y = 0) corresponds to node 8.)
= -1 ; yy = 0
= 0 ; yy = -47.44 MPa
= 1 ; yy = -94.88 MPa
E (v9 - v7)
(1 + ) for
1 - 2 2h
yy =
A
xx = yy
= -1 ; xx = 0
= 0 ; xx = -14.23 MPa
= 1 ; xx = -28.46 MPa
for
E (v9 + v7) + (v9 - v7)

xy =
(1 + )
4h
1+
A
for
152
Planar element: membrane, imposed mesh,

9 nodes,
= -1 ; = 0 ; xy = -47.82 MPa
= 0 ; = 0 ; xy = -31.21 MPa
= 1 ; = 0 ; xy = -14.61 MPa
Deformed shape

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement on node 7 [mm]
-0.592
DZ
-0.1809
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa]
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa]
-14.23
CM2
sxx_mid
xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa]
-28.46
CM2
syy_mid
yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa]
CM2
syy_mid
yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa]
-47.44
CM2
syy_mid
yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa]
-94.88
CM2
sxy_mid
xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 0 m [MPa]
-14.66
CM2
sxy_mid
xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 1 m [MPa]
-47.82

Result name
DZ
Result description
Value
-0.59203 mm
Error
-0.01%
DZ
sxx_mid
Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa]
7.45058e-015 MPa
0.00%
sxx_mid
Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m

[MPa]
-14.2315 MPa
-0.01%
sxx_mid
Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa]
-28.463 MPa
-0.01%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa]
1.49012e-014 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m

[MPa]
-47.4383 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa]
-94.8767 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
Sigma xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 0 m [MPa]
-14.611 MPa
0.33%
sxy_mid
Sigma xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 1 m [MPa]
-47.8178 MPa
0.00%
-0.180898 mm
0.00%
153
1.42 Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2474
Test status: Passed
1.42.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder under a hydrostatic
pressure.
1.42.2 Background

Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure
01-0043SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/25
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
Boundary conditions
154
Outer: For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinders axis.
Inner: None.
Loading
z
External: Radial internal pressure varies linearly with the "p" height, p = p0 L ,
Internal: None.
1.42.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
xx = 0
yy =
A
p0Rz
Lh
E

209 nodes,

Reference solution

L =
-p0Rz2
2ELh
A
L radial deformation of the cylinder:

p0R2z
R = ELh
A

209 nodes,
155
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
yy stress in z = L/2 [Pa]
500000.000000
CM2
DY
L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder at the inferior

extremity [mm]
-0.002860
CM2
Dz
L radial deformation of the cylinder in z = L/2 [mm]
0.002380

Result name
syy_mid
Result description
Sigma yy stress in z = L/2 [Pa]
Value
504489 Pa
Error
0.90%
DY
Delta L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder at the

inferior extremity [mm]
-0.00285442 mm
0.20%
Dz
Delta L radial deformation of the cylinder in z = L/2

[mm]
0.00238372 mm
0.16%
156
1.43 Simply supported square plate under a uniform load (01-0051SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2481
Test status: Passed
1.43.1 Description
A square plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending moments
at the plate center are verified.
1.43.2 Background

Simply supported square plate under a uniform load
01-0051SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/9
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a =b = 1 m,
157
Boundary conditions
Outer: Simple support on the plate perimeter (null displacement along z-axis),
Inner: None
Loading
External: Normal pressure of plate p = pZ = -1.0 Pa,

Internal: None.
1.43.2.2 Vertical displacement and bending moment at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Love-Kirchhoff thin plates theory.

361 nodes,
1.43.2.3 Theoretical result

Solver
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Vertical displacement at plate center [m]
-4.43 x 10-3
CM2
MX bending moment at plate center [Nm]
0.0479
CM2
MY bending moment at plate center [Nm]
0.0479

Result name
DZ
Result description
Value
-0.00435847 m
Mxx
Mx bending moment at plate center [Nm]
0.0471381 N*m
-1.59%
Myy
My bending moment at plate center [Nm]
0.0471381 N*m
-1.59%
158
Error
1.61%
1.44 Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2485
Test status: Passed
1.44.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement of a rectangular shear plate fixed at one end, loaded with two forces.
1.44.2 Background

Analysis type: static;
Shear plate
01-0055SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/50
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 12 m,
Width: l = 1 m,
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed AD edge,

Inner: None.
159
Loading
External:
At B: Fz = -1.0 N,
At C: FZ = 1.0 N,
Internal: None.
1.44.2.2 Vertical displacement at C

Reference solution

497 nodes,
Deformed shape
Shear plate
Scale = 1/35
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
35.37 x 10-3

Result name
Dz
160
Result description
Value
35.6655 mm
Error
0.84%
1.45 Spherical shell with holes (01-0049SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2479
Test status: Passed
1.45.1 Description
A spherical shell with holes is subjected to 4 forces, opposite 2 by 2. The horizontal displacement is verified.
1.45.2 Background

Spherical shell with holes
01-0049SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Radius: R = 10 m
Opening angle of the hole: 0 = 18.

161
Boundary conditions
Outer: For modeling, we consider only a quarter of the shell, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in the
vertical yz plane are restrained in translation along x and in rotation along y and z. Nodes on the vertical xy
plane are restrained in translation along z and in rotation along x and y),
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual loads F = 1 N, according to the diagram,

Internal: None.
1.45.2.2 Horizontal displacement at point A

Reference solution
elements method. 2% uncertainty about the reference solution.

99 nodes,
Deformed shape
Spherical shell with holes
162
Deformed
Scale = 1/79
1.45.2.3 Theoretical background

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacement at point A(R,0,0) [mm]
94.0

Result name
DX
Result description
Horizontal displacement at point A(R,0,0) [mm]
Value
92.6205 mm
Error
-1.47%
163
1.46 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2483
Test status: Passed
1.46.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.46.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load
01-0053SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/25
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: a = 1 m,
Length: b = 5 m,
Boundary conditions
164
Inner: None.
Loading

Internal: None.
Reference solution

793 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
1.416 x 10-2
CM2
Mxx
0.1246
CM2
Myy
0.0375

Result name
DZ
Result description
Vertical displacement at plate center [cm]
Value
-1.40141 cm
Error
1.03%
Mxx
-0.124082 N*m
0.42%
Myy
-0.0375624 N*m
-0.17%
165
1.47 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010057SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2487
Test status: Passed
1.47.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.47.2 Background
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLV 09/89;

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 100.
A
Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
166
Inner: None.
Loading
External: 1 MPa uniform pressure,

Internal: None.

Reference solution
This problem has a precise analytical solution only for thin plates. Therefore we propose the solutions obtained with
Serendip elements with 20 nodes or thick plate elements of 4 nodes. The expected result should be between these
values at 5%.

289 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-6.639 x 10-2

Result name
Dz
Result description
Value
-6.56563 cm
Error
1.11%
167
Test ID: 2489
Test status: Passed
1.48.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.48.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed edges: AB and BD,
around x and z),
Inner: None.
Loading
168

Internal: None.
1.1.1

Reference solution
values at 5%.

289 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.83480 x 10-2

Result name
Dz
Result description
Value
-0.82559 cm
Error
1.10%
169
1.49 Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2480
Test status: Passed
1.49.1 Description
A spherical dome of radius (a) is subjected to a uniform external pressure. The horizontal displacement and the
external meridian stresses are verified.
1.49.2 Background

Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure

01-0050SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
170
Geometry
Radius: a = 2.54 m,
Angle: = 75.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed on the dome perimeter,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform pressure p = 0.6897 x 106 Pa,

Internal: None.
1.49.2.2 Horizontal displacement and exterior meridian stress

Reference solution

401 nodes,
Deformed shape
171

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacements in = 15
1.73 x 10-3
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacements in = 45
-1.02 x 10-3
CM2
syy_mid
yy external meridian stresses in = 15
-74
CM2
sxx_mid
XX external meridian stresses in = 45
-68

Result name
DX
Result description
Horizontal displacements in Psi = 15 [mm]
Value
1.73064 mm
Error
0.04%
DX
Horizontal displacements in Psi = 45 [mm]
-1.01367 mm
0.62%
syy_mid
Sigma yy external meridian stresses in Psi = 15

[MPa]
-72.2609 MPa
2.35%
sxx_mid
Sigma XX external meridian stresses in Psi = 45

[MPa]
-68.9909 MPa
-1.46%
172
1.50 Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (010054SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2484
Test status: Passed
1.50.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a punctual force and moments. The vertical displacement is
verified.
1.50.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments
01-0054SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: DA = CB = 20 m,
Length: AB = DC = 5 m,
Thickness: h = 1 m,
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E =1000 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer: Punctual support at A, B and D (null displacement along z-axis),

Inner: None.
173
Loading
External:
In A: MX = 20 Nm, MY = -10 Nm,
In B: MX = 20 Nm, MY = 10 Nm,
In C: FZ = -2 N, MX = -20 Nm, MY = 10 Nm,
In D: MX = -20 Nm, MY = -10 Nm,

Internal: None.

Reference solution

867 nodes,
Deformed shape
Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-12.480

Result name
Dz
174
Result description
Value
-12.6677 m
Error
-1.50%
Test ID: 2488
Test status: Passed
1.51.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a uniform pressure.
1.51.2 Background

Square plate of side "a", for the modeling, only a quarter of the plate is considered.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Reinforcement,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
around x and z),
Inner: None.
175
Loading

Internal: None.

Reference solution
values at 5%.

289 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-2.8053 x 10-2

Result name
Dz
176
Result description
Value
-2.79502 cm
Error
0.37%
1.52 Pinch cylindrical shell (01-0048SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2478
Test status: Passed
1.52.1 Description
A cylinder of length L is pinched by 2 diametrically opposite forces (F). The vertical displacement is verified.
1.52.2 Background


A cylinder of length L is pinched by 2 diametrically opposite forces (F).
Pinch cylindrical shell
01-0048SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
177
Geometry
Length: L = 10.35 m (total length),

Radius: R = 4.953 m,
Thickness: h = 0.094 m.
Boundary conditions
Outer: For the modeling, we consider only half of the cylinder, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in
the horizontal xz plane are restrained in translation along y and in rotation along x and z),
Inner: None.
Loading
External: 2 punctual loads F = 100 N,

Internal: None.
1.52.2.2 Vertical displacement at point A

Reference solution

777 nodes,
1.52.2.3 Theoretical result

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-113.9 x 10-3

Result name
DZ
178
Result description
Vertical displacement in point A [mm]
Value
-113.3 mm
Error
0.53%
1.53 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2482
Test status: Passed
1.53.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.53.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load
01-0052SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/11
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: a = 1 m,
Length: b = 2 m,
179
Boundary conditions
Inner: None.
Loading

Internal: None.
Reference solution

435 nodes,
1.53.2.3 Theoretical background

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-1.1060 x 10-2
CM2
Mxx
-0.1017
CM2
Myy
-0.0464

Result name
DZ
Result description
Vertical displacement at plate center [cm]
Value
-1.10238 cm
Error
0.33%
Mxx
-0.101737 N*m
-0.04%
Myy
-0.0462457 N*m
0.33%
180
1.54 Triangulated system with hinged bars (01-0056SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2486
Test status: Passed
1.54.1 Description
A truss with hinged bars is placed on three punctual supports (subjected to imposed displacements) and is loaded
with two punctual forces. A thermal load is applied to all the bars. The traction force and the vertical displacement are
verified.
1.54.2 Background

Analysis type: static (plane problem);
Units
I. S.
Geometry
= 30,
Section A1 = 1.41 x 10-3 m2,
-3
2
Section A2 = 2.82 x 10 m .
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E =2.1 x 1011 Pa,
Coefficient of linear expansion: = 10-5 C-1.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinge at A (uA = vA = 0),
Roller supports at B and C ( uB = vC = 0),

Inner: None.
181
Loading
External:
Support displacement: vA = -0.02 m ; vB = -0.03 m ; vC = -0.015 m ,
Punctual loads: FE = -150 KN ; FF = -100 KN,
Expansion effect on all bars for a temperature variation of 150 in relation with the assembly
temperature (specified geometry),
Internal: None.
1.54.2.2 Tension force in BD bar

Reference solution
Determining the hyperstatic unknown with the section cut method.
Linear element: S beam, automatic mesh,

11 nodes,
17 S beams + 1 rigid S beam for the modeling of the simple support at C.
1.54.2.3 Vertical displacement at D

Reference solution
vD displacement was determined by several software with implemented finite elements method.

11 nodes,
17 S beams + 1 rigid S beam for the modeling of simple support at C.
Deformed shape
Triangulated system with hinged bars
182
01-0056SSLLB_FEM

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fx
FX traction force on BD bar [N]
43633
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement on point D [m]
-0.01618

Result name
Fx
DZ
Result description
Fx traction force on BD bar [N]
Vertical displacement on point D [m]
Value
42870.9 N
-0.0162358 m
Error
-1.75%
-0.34%
183
1.55 A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (010063SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2493
Test status: Passed
1.55.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a punctual force in the center.
1.55.2 Background

0.01333 m thick plate fixed on its perimeter
01-0063SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
184
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Scale = 1/5
Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed sides,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual force applied on the center of the plate: FZ = -106 N,

Internal: None.
1.55.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (the center of the plate)

Reference solution
values at 5%.

961 nodes,
185

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.12525

Result name
DZ
186
Result description
Value
-0.124583 m
Error
0.53%
1.56 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 1) (01-0067SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2497
Test status: Passed
1.56.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, fixed on its ends and
1.56.2 Background

Analysis type: modal analysis (space problem);
Scale = 1/7
01-0067SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry

-4
2
Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the y-axis: Iy = 4.637 x 10-9 m4,
-9
4
-9
4
187
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at points A and B,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.

Reference solution
fj =
transverse bending:
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
where i = 1,2.

11 nodes,
10 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
188

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz]
44.23
CM2
Eigen mode
125

Result name
Result description
Value
44.12 Hz
120.09 Hz
Error
-0.25%
-3.93%
189
Test ID: 2491
Test status: Passed
1.57.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.57.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
Outer:
around x and z),
190
Inner: None.
Loading

Internal: None.

Reference solution
values at 5%.

289 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.78661 x 10-4

Result name
Dz
Result description
Value
-0.0781846 mm
Error
0.61%
191
Test ID: 2495
Test status: Passed
1.58.1 Description
punctual force in the center.
1.58.2 Background

01-0065SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Slenderness: = 20.
192
Reinforcement,
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed sides,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual force applied at the center of the plate: FZ = -106 N,

Internal: None.
1.58.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C center of the plate)

Reference solution
values at 5%.

961 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.2595 x 10-2

Result name
DZ
Result description
Value
-0.00257232 m
Error
0.86%
193

Test ID: 2499
Test status: Passed
1.59.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (2 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.

Analysis type: modal analysis (space problem);
01-0069SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
194
Scale = 1/12
Geometry

L = 2 m,
-4
2
Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the y-axis: Iy = 4.637 x 10-9 m4,
-9
4
-9
4
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Boundary conditions
Outer:

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.

Reference solution
transverse bending:
fj =
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
where i = 1,2 with i = 1,2:

41 nodes,
40 linear elements.
195
Eigen mode shapes

Reference
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
17.900
CM2
Eigen mode
24.800

Result name
196
Result description
Value
17.65 Hz
Error
-1.40%
24.43 Hz
-1.49%
1.60 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (010078SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2501
Test status: Passed
1.60.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.60.2 Background
Reference: Design and calculation of metal structures.

197
1.60.2.2 Moments and reactions on supports M.R. calculation on a 2D portal frame.

RDM results, for the linear load perpendicular on the column, are:
VA = VE =
MB =
qh
2L
HE =
qh
HEh
2
qh 5kh + 6(2h + f )
16 h(k + 3 ) + f (3h + f )
H A = HE qh
qh
HE (h + f )
4
MD = HEh
MC =

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction V in A [DaN]
140.6
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction V in E [DaN]
-140.6
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in A [DaN]
579.1
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in E [DaN]
170.9
CM2
My
Moment in B [DaNm]
-1530.8
CM2
My
Moment in D [DaNm]
-1281.7
CM2
My
Moment in C [DaNm]
302.7

Result name
Fz
Result description
Vertical reaction V on node A [daN]
Value
140.625 daN
Error
0.02%
Fz
Vertical reaction V on node E [daN]
-140.625 daN
-0.02%
Fx
Horizontal reaction H on node A [daN]
579.169 daN
0.01%
Fx
Horizontal reaction H on node E [daN]
170.831 daN
-0.04%
My
Moment in node B [daNm]
-1531.27 daN*m
-0.03%
My
Moment in node D [daNm]
-1281.23 daN*m
0.04%
My
Moment in node C [daNm]
302.063 daN*m
-0.21%
198
Test ID: 2492
Test status: Passed
1.61.1 Description
1.61.2 Background


Square plate of side "a".
Scale = 1/5
01-0062SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Reinforcement,
199
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed edges,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual force applied on the center of the plate: FZ = -106 N,

Internal: None.
1.61.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (center of the plate)

Reference solution
values at 5%.
200

961 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.29579

Result name
DZ
Result description
Value
-0.292146 m
Error
1.23%
201
1.62 A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2496
Test status: Passed
1.62.1 Description
1.62.2 Background

01-0066SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Slenderness: = 10.
202
Reinforcement,
11
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed edges,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: punctual force applied in the center of the plate: FZ = -106 N,

Internal: None.
1.62.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (center of the plate)

Reference solution
values at 5%.

961 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.42995 x 10-3

Result name
DZ
Result description
Value
-0.412094 mm
Error
4.15%
203
1.63 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (010077SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2500
Test status: Passed
1.63.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.63.2 Background
204
Reference: Design and calculation of metal structures.

1.63.2.2 Moments and actions on supports M.R. calculation on a 2D portal frame.

RDM results, for the linear load perpendicular on the rafters, are:
VA = VE =
qL
2
H A = HE =
MB = MD = Hh
MC =
qL
8h + 5f
=H
32 h(k + 3 ) + f (3h + f )
qL
H(h + f )
8

Comparison between theoretical results and the results obtained by Advance Design for a linear load
perpendicular on the chords
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction V in A [DaN]
-1000
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction V in E [DaN]
-1000
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in A [DaN]
-332.9
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in E [DaN]
-332.9
CM2
My
Moment in node B [DaNm]
2496.8
CM2
My
Moment in node D [DaNm]
-2496.8
CM2
My
Moment in node C [DaNm]
-1671

Result name
Fz
Result description
Vertical reaction V on node A [daN]
Value
-1000 daN
Error
0.00%
Fz
Vertical reaction V on node E [daN]
-1000 daN
0.00%
Fx
Horizontal reaction H on node A [daN]
-332.665 daN
0.07%
Fx
Horizontal reaction H on node E [daN]
-332.665 daN
0.07%
My
Moment in node B [daNm]
2494.99 daN*m
-0.07%
My
Moment in node D [daNm]
-2494.99 daN*m
0.07%
My
Moment in node C [daNm]
-1673.35 daN*m
-0.14%
205
Test ID: 2490
Test status: Passed
1.64.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.64.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
a
A
Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
Outer:
around x and z),
206
Inner: None.
Loading

Internal: None.

Reference solution
values at 5%.

289 nodes,

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.55474 x 10-3

Result name
Dz
Result description
Value
-0.0549874 cm
Error
0.88%
207
Test ID: 2494
Test status: Passed
1.65.1 Description
1.65.2 Background

01-0064SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Slenderness: = 50.
208
Reinforcement,
11
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed edges,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: punctual force applied in the center of the plate: FZ = -106 N,

Internal: None.
1.65.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (the center of the plate)

Reference solution
values at 5%.

961 nodes,
209

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.037454

Result name
DZ
210
Result description
Value
-0.0369818 m
Error
1.26%

Test ID: 2498
Test status: Passed
1.66.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (0.6 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.
1.66.2 Background

Analysis type: modal analysis (in space);
Scale = 1/11
01-0068SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry

L = 0.6 m,
Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m2,
-9
4
-9
4
-9
4
211
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Boundary conditions
Outer:
In A: translation restraint along y and z,
In B: translation restraint along x and z,

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.

Reference solution
transverse bending:
fj =
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
where i = 1,2.

23 nodes,
22 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
212

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
33.4
CM2
Eigen mode
100

Result name
Result description
Value
33.19 Hz
Error
-0.63%
94.62 Hz
-5.38%
213
1.67 Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2505
Test status: Passed
1.67.1 Description
Calculation of support reactions of a 2D portal frame with hinged supports.
1.67.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 20 m,
-4
4
I1 = 5.0 x 10 m
a=4m
h=8m
b = 10.77 m
-4
4
I2 = 2.5 x 10 m
214
Isotropic linear elastic material.

E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
Boundary conditions
Hinged base plates A and B (uA = vA = 0 ; uB = vB = 0).
Loading
p = -3 000 N/m
F1 = -20 000 N
F2 = -10 000 N
M = -100 000 Nm
1.67.2.2 Calculation method used to obtain the reference solution
K = (I2/b)(h/I1)
p = a/h
m=1+p
B = 2(K + 1) + m
C = 1 + 2m
N = B + mC
VA = 3pl/8 + F1/2 M/l + F2h/l
HA = pl(3 + 5m)/(32Nh) + (F1l/(4h))(C/N) + F2(1-(B + C)/(2N)) + (3M/h)((1 + m)/(2N))
1.67.2.3 Reference values

Point
A
A
C
Magnitudes and units

V, vertical reaction (N)
H, horizontal reaction (N)
vc (m)
Value
31 500.0
20 239.4
-0.03072

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
Vertical reaction V in point A [N]
-31500
CM2
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in point A [N]
-20239.4
CM2
DZ
vc displacement in point C [m]
-0.03072

Result name
Fz
Result description
Vertical reaction V in point A [N]
Value
-31500 N
Error
0.00%
Fx
Horizontal reaction H in point A [N]
-20239.3 N
0.00%
DZ
Displacement in point C [m]
-0.0307191 m
0.00%
215
1.68 Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass (01-0095SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2509
Test status: Passed
1.68.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass.
Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
transverse bending, punctual mass.
1.68.2 Background

1.68.2.1 Test data
Units
I. S.
Geometry
216
Outer diameter
Inner diameter:
Beam length:
Area:
Polar inertia:
Inertia:
de = 0.35 m,
di = 0.32 m,
l = 10 m,
A = 1.57865 x 10-2 m2
-4 4
IP = 4.43798 x 10 m
Iy = Iz = 2.21899 x 10-4m4
Punctual mass:
Beam self-weight:
mc = 1000 kg
M
Poisson's ratio: =0.3 (this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the
more appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of mode No. 8 with NE/NASTRAN)
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at point A, x = 0,

Inner: none
Loading
None for the modal analysis
1.68.2.2 Reference results

Reference frequency
For the first mode, the Rayleigh method gives the approximation formula
f1 = 1 / 2 x
3 EI z
3
I (m c + 0.24M)
Mode
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Comment:
Shape
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Traction
Torsion
Flexion
Flexion
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
1.65
1.65
16.07
16.07
50.02
50.02
76.47
80.47
103.2
103.2
The mass matrix associated with the beam torsion on two nodes, is expressed as:
l IP 1 1/ 2
3
1/ 2 1
And to the extent that Advance Design uses a condensed mass matrix, the value of the torsion mass inertia
introduced in the model is set to:
l Ip
3
Uncertainty about the reference frequencies
Analytical solution mode 1
Other modes: 1%
Linear element AB: Beam

Beam meshing: 20 elements.
217
Modal deformations
218
Observation:
the deformed shape of mode No. 8 that does not really correspond to a torsion deformation, is
actually the display result of the translations and not of the rotations. This is confirmed by the rotation values of the
corresponding mode.
Node
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
DX
-3.336e-033
-5.030e-013
-1.005e-012
-1.505e-012
-2.002e-012
-2.495e-012
-2.983e-012
-3.464e-012
-3.939e-012
-4.406e-012
-4.863e-012
-5.310e-012
-5.746e-012
-6.169e-012
-6.580e-012
-6.976e-012
-7.357e-012
-7.723e-012
-8.072e-012
-8.403e-012
-8.717e-012
DY
6.479e-031
1.575e-008
6.185e-008
1.365e-007
2.381e-007
3.648e-007
5.149e-007
6.867e-007
8.785e-007
1.088e-006
1.315e-006
1.556e-006
1.811e-006
2.077e-006
2.353e-006
2.637e-006
2.928e-006
3.224e-006
3.524e-006
3.826e-006
4.130e-006
Eigen modes vector 8

DZ
RX
-6.316e-031
1.055e-022
-1.520e-008
1.472e-002
-5.966e-008
2.944e-002
-1.317e-007
4.416e-002
-2.296e-007
5.887e-002
-3.517e-007
7.359e-002
-4.963e-007
8.831e-002
-6.618e-007
1.030e-001
-8.464e-007
1.177e-001
-1.049e-006
1.325e-001
-1.267e-006
1.472e-001
-1.499e-006
1.619e-001
-1.744e-006
1.766e-001
-2.000e-006
1.913e-001
-2.265e-006
2.061e-001
-2.539e-006
2.208e-001
-2.819e-006
2.355e-001
-3.104e-006
2.502e-001
-3.393e-006
2.649e-001
-3.685e-006
2.797e-001
-3.977e-006
2.944e-001
RY
5.770e-028
6.022e-008
1.171e-007
1.705e-007
2.206e-007
2.673e-007
3.106e-007
3.506e-007
3.873e-007
4.207e-007
4.508e-007
4.777e-007
5.015e-007
5.221e-007
5.396e-007
5.541e-007
5.658e-007
5.746e-007
5.808e-007
5.844e-007
5.856e-007
RZ
5.980e-028
6.243e-008
1.214e-007
1.769e-007
2.289e-007
2.774e-007
3.225e-007
3.641e-007
4.023e-007
4.371e-007
4.684e-007
4.964e-007
5.210e-007
5.423e-007
5.605e-007
5.755e-007
5.874e-007
5.965e-007
6.028e-007
6.065e-007
6.077e-007
With NE/NASTRAN, the results associated with mode No. 8, are:
219

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
1.65
CM2
1.65
CM2
16.07
CM2
16.07
CM2
50.02
CM2
50.02
CM2
76.47
CM2
103.20
CM2
103.20
Comment: The difference between the reference frequency of torsion mode (mode No. 8) and the one found by
Advance Design may be explained by the fact that Advance Design is using a lumped mass matrix (see the
corresponding description sheet).

Result name
220
Result description
Value
1.65 Hz
Error
0.00%
1.65 Hz
0.00%
16.06 Hz
-0.06%
16.06 Hz
-0.06%
50 Hz
-0.04%
50 Hz
-0.04%
76.46 Hz
-0.01%
103.14 Hz
-0.06%
103.14 Hz
-0.06%
1.69 Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2503
Test status: Passed
1.69.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (bending) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-free).
1.69.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1 m,
Straight initial section:
h0 = 0.04 m
b0 = 0.05 m
-3
A0 = 2 x 10 m
Straight final section
h1 = 0.01 m
b1 = 0.01 m
-4
A1 = 10 m
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 7800 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at end x = 0,
Free at end x = 1
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
221

Calculation method used to obtain the reference solution
Precise calculation by numerical integration of the differential equation of beams bending (Euler-Bernoulli theories):
EIz
= A
x
t
x 2
where Iz and A vary with the abscissa.
The result is:
= h1 = 4
h1 E
1
with
i(, )
fi =
12
2
l
= b = 5
b1
=5
1
24.308
2
75.56
3
167.21
4
301.9
Uncertainty about the reference: analytical solution:

Reference values
Eigen mode type
Flexion
MODE 1
222
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency (Hz)
56.55
175.79
389.01
702.36
1117.63
Scale = 1/4
5
480.4
MODE 2
MODE 3
Scale = 1/4
Scale = 1/4
223
MODE 4
MODE 5
224
Scale = 1/4
Scale = 1/4

Theoretical
Frequency
Result name
Result description
Reference value
Eigen mode
Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz]
56.55
Eigen mode
175.79
Eigen mode
389.01
Eigen mode
702.36
Eigen mode
1117.63

Result name
Result description
Value
58.49 Hz
Error
3.43%
177.67 Hz
1.07%
388.85 Hz
-0.04%
697.38 Hz
-0.71%
1106.31 Hz
-1.01%
225
1.70 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load (01-0092HFLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2507
Test status: Passed
1.70.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the normal force on a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load.
1.70.2 Background
Reference: Euler theory;

Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
2
S=0.01 m
4
I = 0.0002 m
Coefficient of thermal expansion: = 0.00001
Boundary conditions

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Punctual load P = -100000 N at x = L,

Internal: T = -50C (Contraction equivalent to the compression force)
( 0 =
226
N
100000
=
= 0.0005 = T = 0.00001 50 )
ES 2.10 10 0.01

Reference solution
Pcritical =
2 EI
2
4L
= 98696 N =
98696
= 0.98696
100000
Observation: in this case, the thermal load has no effect over the critical coefficient

5 nodes,
4 elements.
Deformed shape

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement v5 on Node 5 - Case 101 [cm]
-1.0
CM2
Fx
Normal Force on Node A - Case 101 [N]
-100000
CM2
Fx
Normal Force on Node A - Case 102 [N]
-98696

Result name
DZ
Result description
Vertical displacement on Node 5 [cm]
Value
-1 cm
Error
0.00%
Fx
Normal Force - Case 101 [N]
-100000 N
0.00%
Fx
Normal Force - Case 102 [N]
-98699.3 N
0.00%
227
1.71 Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2511
Test status: Passed
1.71.1 Description
Double cross with hinged ends.
Tested functions: Eigen frequencies, crossed beams, in plane bending.
1.71.2 Background
Reference: NAFEMS, FV2 test

Tested functions: Eigen frequencies, Crossed beams, In plane bending.
1.71.2.1 Problem data
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Full square section:
228
Arm length:
Dimensions:
Area:
Inertia:
L=5m
a x b = 0.125 x 0.125
-2
2
A = 1.563 10 m
-5 4
IP = 3.433 x 10 m
Iy = Iz = 2.035 x 10-5m4
Boundary conditions
Outer: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H points restraint along x and y;

Inner: None.
Loading
1.71.2.2 Reference frequencies

Mode
1
2,3
4 to 8
9
10,11
12 to 16
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
11.336
17.709
17.709
45.345
57.390
57.390
Linear elements type: Beam

Imposed mesh: 4 Elements / Arms
Modal deformations
229
230
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Frequency
Frequency of Eigen Mode 1 [Hz]
11.336
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
45.345
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390

Result name
Result description
Value
11.33 Hz
Error
-0.05%
17.66 Hz
-0.28%
17.66 Hz
-0.28%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
45.02 Hz
-0.72%
56.06 Hz
-2.32%
56.06 Hz
-2.32%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
231
1.72 Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2513
Test status: Passed
1.72.1 Description
Membrane with hot point.
Tested functions: Stresses.
1.72.2 Background
Reference: NAFEMS, Test T1

Analysis type: static, thermo-elastic;
Tested functions: Stresses.
Observation: the units system of the initial NAFEMS test, defined in mm, was transposed in m for practical reasons.
However, this has no influence on the results values.
Units
I. S.
232
Geometry / meshing
A quarter of the structure is modeled by incorporating the terms of symmetries.
Thickness: 1 m
Elongation coefficient = 0.00001.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
For all nodes in y = 0, uy =0;
For all nodes in x = 0, ux =0;

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: Hot point, thermal load T = 100C;
233
1.72.3 yy stress at point A:

Reference solution:
Reference value: yy = 50 MPa in A

Planar elements: membranes,

28 planar elements,
39 nodes.

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
yy in A [MPa]
50
Note: This value (50.87) is obtained with a vertical cross section through point A. The value represents yy at the left
end of the diagram.
With CM2, it is essential to display the results with the Smooth results on planar elements option deactivated.

Result name
syy_mid
234
Result description
Sigma yy in A [MPa]
Value
50.8666 MPa
Error
1.73%
1.73 Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2504
Test status: Passed
1.73.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (flexion) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed).
1.73.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 0.6 m,
Constant thickness: h = 0.01 m
Initial section:
b0 = 0.03 m
A0 = 3 x 10-4 m
Section variation:
with ( = 1)
b = b0e-2x
A = A0e-2x
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 0.3
= 7800 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at end x = 0,
Fixed at end x = 0.6 m.

Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
235

i pulsation is given by the roots of the equation:
1 cos(rl)ch(sl) +
s r
sh(sl)sin(rl) = 0
2rs
with
4i =
A 0 i2
si
; r = + 2i ; s = 2i
2i > 0
EIzo
Therefore, the translation components of i(x) mode, are:
cos(rl) ch(sl)
i (x ) = e x cos(rx ) ch(sx ) +
(s sin(rx ) rsh(sx ))
rsh(sl) s sin(rl)

Reference values
Eigen mode Frequency (Hz)
Eigen mode i(x)*
order
x=0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1
143.303
0
0.237
0.703
1
0.859
2
396.821
0
-0.504
-0.818
0
0.943
3
779.425
0
0.670
0.210
-0.831
0.257
4
1289.577
0
-0.670
0.486
0
-0.594
* i(x) eigen modes* standardized to 1 at the point of maximum amplitude.
Eigen modes
236
0.5
0.354
0.752
1
1
0.6
0
0
0
0

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
143.303
CM2
Eigen mode
396.821
CM2
Eigen mode
779.425
CM2
Eigen mode
1289.577

Result name
Result description
Value
145.88 Hz
Error
1.80%
400.26 Hz
0.87%
783.15 Hz
0.48%
1293.42 Hz
0.30%
237
1.74 A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2508
Test status: Passed
1.74.1 Description
A 3D bar structure with elastic support is subjected to a vertical load of -100 kN. The V2 magnitude on node 5, the
normal force magnitude, the reaction magnitude on supports and the action magnitude are verified.
Reference: Internal GRAITEC;

Units
I. S.
Geometry
For all bars:
H=3m
B=3m
2
S = 0.02 m
Element
1 (bar)
2 (bar)
3 (bar)
4 (bar)
5 (spring)
Node i
1
2
3
4
5
Node j
5
5
5
5
6
238
Isotropic linear elastic materials

2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 E8 N/m ,
Boundary conditions
Outer: At node 5: K = 50000 kN/m ;

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Vertical load at node: P = -100 kN,

Internal: None.

System solution
L= H2 +
B2
. Also, U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0
2
Stiffness matrix of bar 1
x
x
1
1
u ( x) = (1 ).ui + .u j u ( ) = (1 ).ui + (1 + ).u j
L
L
2
2
2x
where =
1
L
in the local coordinate system:
1

[k1 ] = [B] [H ][B]dVe = ES 0 [B]T [B]dx = ES 1 12 1 1 2 d
ve
2 2 L
2
1 0 1
1
1
1
2 ES 4 4
ES 1 1 (ui ) ES 0 0 0
=
d =
=
L 1 1 (u j ) L 1 0 1
L 1 1 1
4 4
0 0 0
T
0 (ui )
0 (vi )
0 (u j )
0 (v j )
239
where
[k 1 ] = ES 0
L 1
0 1 0 (u1 )
0 0 0 ( v 1 )
0 1 0 (u 5 )
0 0 0 ( v 5 )
[ ]
The elementary matrix k e expressed in the global coordinate system XY is the following: ( angle allowing
the transition from the global base to the local base):
0
0
cos sin
sin cos
0
0
T
[K e ] = [R e ] [k e ][R e ] avec [R e ] =
0
0
cos sin
sin cos
0
0
cos 2
cos 2
cos sin
cos sin
cos sin
sin 2
sin
[K e ] = ES cos sin
L
cos sin
cos 2
cos 2
cos sin
2
sin
cos sin
sin 2
cos sin
Knowing that
cos =
B
L 2
and sin
B2
2
cos = 2
2L
2
H
H2
, then: sin = 2
=
L
L
HB
sin cos =
2L2
B2
2
HB
ES
H
for element 1 nodes 1 5, = arctan ( ) : [K1 ] = 3 22
B
L
D
2
HB
2
HB
2
H2
HB
2
H2
B2
2
HB
2
B2
2
HB
2
Stiffness matrix of spring support 5
We say K =
K
4
1
0
1 1 (ui )
in the local coordinate system : [k5 ] = K

(u ) = K 1
1
1
0
0
for element 5 nodes 5 6, = 90 : [K 5 ] = K '
0
240
HB
2
(U 1 )
H2
(V1 )
HB (U 5 )
2 (V5 )
H2
0 1 0 (ui )
0 0 0 (vi )
0 1 0 (u j )
0 0 0 (v j )
0 0 0 (U 5 )
1 0 1 (V5 )
0 0 0 (U 6 )
1 0 1 (V6 )
[ ]
System K {Q} = {F}
ES B 2
3
L 2
ES HB
L3
2
2
ES
B
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
ES 2
H
L3
ES HB
3
L
2
ES 2
3 H
L
0
ES B 2
L3 2
ES HB
3
L
2
ES B 2
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
0
ES HB
L3 2
ES
3 H2
L
ES HB
L3 2
ES 2
H + K
L3
0
K
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U R
X1
1
0 V R
1
Y1

U
R
5
X5
0 =
V5
P
K U 6 R X 6
V R
6 Y6
0
If U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0, then:
V5 =
And
ES 2
H + K
L3
4
= 0.001885 m
ES 2 K
+
H
4
L3
ES HB
ES HB
R X6 = 0
V5 = 1015 N
V5 = 1015 N R X5 = 3
3
L
L
2
2
K
ES
R Y 6 = V5 = 23563 N
= 3 H 2 V5 = 1436 N
4
L
R X1 =
R Y1
Note:
The values on supports specified by Advance Design correspond to the actions,

RY6 calculated value must be multiplied by 4 in relation to the double symmetry,
x1
value is similar to the one found by Advance Design by dividing this by
Effort in bar 1:
B
L 2
u1 H
v
1 L
=
u5 0
v5
0
H
L
B
L 2
0
0
u1 cos
v sin
1
=
u5 0
v5 0
0
0
B
L 2
H
sin
cos
0
0
0
U1
0 V
1 and ES 1 1 u1 = N1 = 1759

H U 5
L 1 1 u5 N 5 1759
L V
5
B
L 2
0
0
cos
sin
0 U1
0 V1
ES 1 1 u1 N1
and
=
sin U 5
L 1 1 u5 N 5
cos V5
241
Reference values
Point
5
All bars
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5
Magnitude
V2
Normal force
Fz action
Action Fx=Fy
Units
m
N
N
N
Support 6
Fz action
Linear element: beam, automatic mesh,

5 nodes,
4 linear elements.
Deformed shape
242
Value
-1.885 10-3
-1759
-1436
1015 / 2 = 718
23563 x 4=94253
Normal forces diagram
1.74.1.3 Reference values

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
V2 magnitude on node 5 [m]
-1.885 10-3
CM2
Fx
Normal force magnitude on bar 1 [N]
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fz
Fz reaction magnitude on support 1 [N]
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fx
Action Fx magnitude on support 1 [N]
-718
CM2
Fx
718
CM2
Fx
718
CM2
Fx
-718
CM2
Fy
Action Fy magnitude on support 1 [N]
-718
CM2
Fy
-718
CM2
Fy
718
CM2
Fy
718
CM2
Fz
23563 x 4=94253
243

Result name
D
Result description
Displacement on node 5 [mm]
Value
1.88508 mm
Error
0.00%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fx
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fx
718.274 N
0.04%
Fx
718.274 N
0.04%
Fx
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
718.274 N
0.04%
Fz
718.274 N
0.04%
Fy
94253.8 N
0.00%
244
1.75 Simple supported beam in free vibration (01-0098SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2512
Test status: Passed
1.75.1 Description
Simple supported beam in free vibration.
Tested functions: Shear force, eigen frequencies.
1.75.2 Background
Reference: NAFEMS, FV5

Tested functions: Shear force, eigen frequencies.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Full square section:
Dimensions:
Area:
Inertia:
a x b = 2m x 2 m
2
A = 4m
IP = 2.25 m4
4
Iy = Iz = 1.333 m
245
Boundary conditions
Outer:
x = y = z = Rx = 0 at A ;
y = z =0 at B ;
Inner: None.
Loading

Mode
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Shape
Flexion
Flexion
Torsion
Traction
Flexion
Flexion
Torsion
Flexion
Flexion
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
42.649
42.649
77.542
125.00
148.31
148.31
233.10
284.55
284.55
Comment: Due to the condensed (lumped) nature of the mass matrix of Advance Design, the frequencies values of 3
and 7 modes cannot be found by this software. The same modeling done with NE/NASTRAN gave respectively for
mode 3 and 7: 77.2 and 224.1 Hz.
Straight elements: linear element

Imposed mesh: 5 meshes
Modal deformations
246

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
42.649
CM2
42.649
CM2
77.542
CM2
125.00
CM2
148.31
CM2
148.31
CM2
233.10
Comment: The torsion modes No. 3 and 7 that are calculated with NASTRAN cannot be calculated with Advance
Design CM2 solver and therefore the mode No. 3 of the Advance Design analysis corresponds to mode No. 4 of the
reference. The same problem in the case of No. 7 - Advance Design, that corresponds to mode No. 8 of the
reference.

Result name
Result description
Value
43.11 Hz
Error
1.08%
43.11 Hz
1.08%
124.49 Hz
-0.41%
149.38 Hz
0.72%
149.38 Hz
0.72%
269.55 Hz
-5.27%
269.55 Hz
-5.27%
247
1.76 Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2502
Test status: Passed
1.76.1 Description
Verifies the deflection magnitude on a non-slender beam with two hinged supports.
1.76.2 Background
Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLL 02/89

Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1.44 m,
-4
Area: A = 31 x 10 m
Inertia: I = 2810 x 10-8 m4
Shearing coefficient: az = 2.42 = A/Ar
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 0.3
Boundary conditions
Hinge at end x = 0,
Hinge at end x = 1.44 m.
Loading
Uniformly distributed force of p = -1. X 105 N/m on beam AB.
248

The deflection on the middle of a non-slender beam considering the shear force deformations given by the
Timoshenko function:
v=
5 pl 4
l 2p
+
384 EI 8 A r G
where G =
E
2(1 + )
and A r = A
az
where "Ar" is the reduced area and "az" the shear coefficient calculated on the transverse section.
Reference values
Point
C
Magnitudes and units

V, deflection (m)
Value
-1.25926 x 10-3

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
Deflection magnitude in point C [m]
-0.00125926

Result name
Dz
Result description
Deflection magnitude in node C [m]
Value
-0.00125926 m
Error
0.00%
249
1.77 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2506
Test status: Passed
1.77.1 Description
Verifies the normal force on the nodes of a double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load.
1.77.2 Background
Reference: Euler theory;

Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
Cross Section
IPE200
Sx m
Vx m3
0.002850
0.00000000
Sy m
V1y m3
0.001400
0.00002850
Sz m
V1z m3
0.001799
0.00019400
Coefficient of thermal expansion: = 0.00001
Boundary conditions
250

Inner: None.
Ix m4
V2y m3
0.0000000646
0.00002850
Iy m4
V2z m3
0.0000014200
0.00019400
Iz m4
0.0000194300
Loading
External: Punctual load FZ = 1 N at = L/2 (load that initializes the deformed shape),
Internal: T = 5C corresponding to a compression force of:
N = EST = 2.1E11 0.00285 0.00001 5 = 29.925 kN

Reference solution
Pcritical =
2 EI
L

2
= 117.724 kN =
29.925
= 3.93
117.724
Observation: in this case, the thermal load has no effect over the critical coefficient

11 nodes,
10 elements.
Deformed shape of mode 1
251

Solver
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Normal Force on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN]
-29.925
CM2
Normal Force on Node 6 - Case 102 [kN]
-117.724

Result name
Fx
Fx
252
Result description
Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN]
Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 102 [kN]
Value
-29.904 kN
-118.081 kN
Error
0.07%
-0.30%
1.78 Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia (01-0096SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2510
Test status: Passed
1.78.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia.
1.78.2 Background

transverse bending, punctual mass..
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Outer diameter:
Inner diameter:
Beam length:
Distance BC:
Area:
Inertia:
Polar inertia:
Punctual mass:
de= 0.35 m,
di = 0.32 m,
l = 10 m,
lBC = 1 m
A =1.57865 x 10-2 m2
-4 4
Iy = Iz = 2.21899 x 10 m
-4 4
Ip = 4.43798 x 10 m
mc = 1000 kg
253
Longitudinal elasticity modulus of AB element: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa,
Density of the linear element AB: = 7800 kg/m3
Poisson's ratio =0.3(this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the more
appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of modes No. 4 and 5 with NE/NASTRAN:
Elastic modulus of BC element: E = 1021 Pa
Density of the linear element BC: = 0 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Fixed at point A, x = 0,
Loading

Reference solutions
The different eigen frequencies are determined using a finite elements model of Euler beam (slender beam).
fz + t0 = flexion x,z + torsion
fy + tr = flexion x,y + traction
Mode
1 (fz + t0)
2 (fy + tr)
3 (fy + tr)
4 (fz + t0)
5 (fz + t0)
6 (fy + tr)
7 (fz + t0)
1 (fz + t0)
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
1.636
1.642
13.460
13.590
28.900
31.960
61.610
63.930
Uncertainty about the reference solutions

The uncertainty about the reference solutions: 1%
Linear element AB: Beam

Imposed mesh: 50 elements.
Linear element BC: Beam
Without meshing
Modal deformations
254

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
Frequency
Eigen mode 1 frequency (fz + t0) [Hz]
1.636
Frequency
Eigen mode 2 frequency (fy + tr) [Hz]
1.642
CM2
Frequency
13.46
CM2
Frequency
13.59
CM2
Frequency
28.90
CM2
Frequency
31.96
CM2
Frequency
61.61
CM2
Frequency
63.93
Note:
fz + t0 = flexion x,z + torsion
fy + tr = flexion x,y + traction
Observation: because the mass matrix of Advance Design is condensed and not consistent, the torsion modes
obtained are not taking into account the self rotation mass inertia of the beam.
255

Result name
256
Result description
Value
1.64 Hz
Error
0.24%
1.64 Hz
-0.12%
13.45 Hz
-0.07%
13.65 Hz
0.44%
29.72 Hz
2.84%
31.96 Hz
0.00%
63.09 Hz
2.40%
63.93 Hz
0.00%
1.79 Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2517
Test status: Passed
1.79.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.79.2 Background

Element type: linear, bar.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L=5m
Section S = 0.005 m2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 N/m2.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at node 1 restrained along x and y,

Inner: None.
257
Loading
External: Horizontal punctual load P = 50000 N at node 3,

Internal: None.
1.79.2.2 References solutions

Displacements
30PL
= 0.000649 m
11ES
6PL
v3 =
= 0.000129 m
11ES
25PL
u4 =
= 0.000541 m
11ES
5PL
v4 =
= 0.000108 m
11ES
u3 =
N normal forces
N12 = 0
N 23 =
N 43 =
N14 =
6
P = 27272 N
11
5
P = 22727 N
11
N13 =
5
P = 22727 N
11
6 2
P = 38569 N
11
N 42 =
5 2
P = 32141 N
11
Linear element: bar, without meshing,

4 nodes,
6 linear elements.
Deformed shape
258
Normal forces
259

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
u3 displacement on Node 3 [m]
0.000649
CM2
DZ
v3 displacement on Node 3 [m]
-0.000129
CM2
DX
0.000541
CM2
DZ
0.000108
CM2
Fx
N12 normal force on Element 1 [N]
CM2
Fx
-27272
CM2
Fx
22727
CM2
Fx
22727
CM2
Fx
N13 normal effort on Element 5 [N]
38569
CM2
Fx
-32141

Result name
DX
Result description
Value
0.000649287 m
Error
0.04%
DZ
-0.000129871 m
-0.68%
DX
0.000541063 m
0.01%
DZ
0.000108224 m
0.21%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
-27272.9 N
0.00%
Fx
22727.1 N
0.00%
Fx
22727.1 N
0.00%
Fx
38569.8 N
0.00%
Fx
-32140.9 N
0.00%
260
1.80 Linear element in simple bending - without compressed reinforcement (02-0162SSLLB_B91)

Test ID: 2521
Test status: Passed
1.80.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjected to uniform loads.
Reference: J. Perchat (CHEC) reinforced concrete course

Units
Forces: kN
Moment: kN.m
Stresses: MPa
2
Reinforcement density: cm
Geometry
Beam dimensions: 0.2 x 0.5 ht

Length: l = 42 m in 7 spans of 6m,
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 20000 MPa,
Poisson's ratio: = 0.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at end x = 0,
Vertical support at the same level with all other supports

Inner: Hinge z at each beam end (isostatic)
Loading
External:
Case 1 (DL):uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (on all spans except 8)
Case 2 to 8 (LL):uniform linear load q = -9 kN/m (on spans 1, 3 to 7)

uniform linear load q = -15 kN/m (on span 2)
th
Case 9 (ACC): uniform linear load a = -25 kN/m (on 8 span)
th
Case 10 (DL):uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (on 8 span)
Comb BAELUS: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration of more than 24h (comb 101, 104 to 107)
Comb BAEULI: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration between 1h and 24h (comb 102)
Comb BAELUC: 1.35xDL + 1.5xLL with duration of less than 1h (comb 103)
Comb BAELS: 1xDL + 1*LL (comb 108 to 114)
Comb BAELUA: 1xDL + 1xACC (comb 115)
Internal: None.
261
Reinforced concrete calculation hypothesis:
All concrete covers are set to 5 cm

BAEL 91 calculation with the revised version 99
Span
1
Concrete
B20
Reinforcement
HA fe500
Application
D>24h
Concrete
No
B35
Adx fe235
1h<D<24h
No
B50
HA fe 400
D<1h
Yes
4
5
B25
B60
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
Yes
No
6
7
8
B30
B40
B45
Adx fe235
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
D<1h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cracking
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Prejudicial
Very
prejudicial
Prejudicial
160 MPa
Non
prejudicial
1.80.1.2 Reinforcement calculation

Reference solution
fc28
ft28
fe
teta
gamb
gams
h
Span 1
20
1.8
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 2
35
2.7
235
0.9
1.5
1.15
1
Span 3
50
3.6
400
0.85
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 4
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 5
60
4.2
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 6
30
2.4
235
1
1.5
1.15
1
Span 7
40
3
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 8
45
3.3
500
0.85
1.15
1
1.6
fbu
fed
sigpreju
sigtpreju
11.33
434.78
250.00
200.00
22.04
204.35
156.67
125.33
33.33
347.83
264.00
211.20
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
34.00
434.78
285.15
228.12
17.00
204.35
156.67
125.33
22.67
434.78
160.00
160.00
39.13
500.00
252.76
202.21
g
q
pu
pser
l
Mu
Mser
Vu
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
6.00
91.13
63.00
60.75
ubu
a
z
Au
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Aserp
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Asertp
262
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
29.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
131.63
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
90.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
87.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
Longitudinal reinforcement calculation according to ELU
0.199
0.147
0.068
0.159
0.066
0.132
0.099
0.279
0.200
0.087
0.217
0.086
0.178
0.131
0.400
0.414
0.434
0.411
0.435
0.418
0.426
5.24
15.56
6.03
5.10
4.82
10.67
4.91
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-0.56000
-0.89362
-0.87500
0.56000
0.89362
0.87500
0.367
0.442
0.438
0.395
0.384
0.384
6.38
10.48
10.25
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-0.70
-1.60
-0.66
-0.70
-0.61371
-1.12
-0.88
0.70
1.60
0.66
0.70
0.61371
1.12
0.88
0.381
0.393
7.030
5.00
25.00
30.00
6.00
135.00
90.00
0.085
0.111
0.430
6.28
1.000
-3.000
1.00
-3.00
0.00
0.00
Span 1
Span 2
tu
k
At/st
0.68
1.00
0.69
0.98
1.00
1.79
Aflex
Aminflex
At
Atmin
5.24
0.75
0.69
1.60
15.56
2.38
1.79
3.40
Span 3
Span 4
Span 5
Transversal reinforcement calculation
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.31
3.45
3.45
Recapitulation
6.03
6.38
7.03
1.86
0.87
1.74
4.31
3.45
3.45
2.00
1.60
1.60
Span 6
Span 7
Span 8
0.68
0.00
7.34
0.68
0.00
3.45
1.00
0.00
4.44
10.67
2.11
7.34
3.40
10.25
1.24
3.45
1.60
6.28
1.37
4.44
1.60
Linear elements: beams with imposed mesh

29 nodes,
28 linear elements.

Reference
Solver
CM2
Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm ]
5.24
CM2
Amin
Min. main reinf. T1 [cm ]
0.75
CM2
Atz
Trans. reinf. T1 [cm2]
0.69
2
CM2
Az
15.56
CM2
Amin
Min. main reinf. T2 [cm2]
2.38
CM2
Atz
Trans. reinf. T2 [cm ]
CM2
Az
Inf. main reinf. T3 [cm2]
CM2
Amin
1.79
6.03

2
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
1.86
4.31
6.38
CM2
Amin
0.87
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
7.03
CM2
Amin
1.74
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
CM2
Amin
3.45
10.67

2
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
2.11
7.34
10.25
2
CM2
Amin
Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm ]
1.24
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
6.28
CM2
Amin
1.37
CM2
Atz
4.44
The "Mu limit" method must be applied to attain the same results.
263

Result name
Az
Result description
Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm]
Value
-5.24348 cm
Error
-0.07%
Amin
Min. main reinf. T1 [cm]
0.7452 cm
-0.64%
Atz
Trans. reinf. T1 [cm]
0.69 cm
0.00%
Az
-15.5613 cm
-0.01%
Amin
2.3783 cm
-0.07%
Atz
1.79433 cm
0.24%
Az
-6.03286 cm
-0.05%
Amin
1.863 cm
0.16%
Atz
4.3125 cm
0.06%
Az
-6.38336 cm
-0.05%
Amin
0.8694 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-7.03527 cm
-0.07%
Amin
1.7388 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-10.6698 cm
0.00%
Amin
2.11404 cm
0.19%
Atz
7.34043 cm
0.01%
Az
-10.2733 cm
-0.23%
Amin
Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm]
1.242 cm
0.16%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-6.29338 cm
-0.21%
Amin
1.3662 cm
-0.28%
Atz
4.44444 cm
0.10%
264
1.81 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k -> infinite) (01-0101SSNLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2515
Test status: Passed
1.81.1 Description
Verifies the rotation, the displacement and the moment on a beam consisting of two elements of the same length and
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k -> infinite).
1.81.2 Background

Analysis type: static non linear;
Element type: linear, T/C.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
4
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at node 1 restrained along x and y (x = 0),
Support at node 2 restrained along y (x = 10 m),
T/C stiffness ky (1.1030N/m),

Inner: None.
Loading
External: Vertical punctual load P = -100 N at x = 5 m,

Internal: None.
265

ky being infinite, the non linear model behaves the same way as a beam on 3 supports.
Displacements
(
) = 0.000115 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000077 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
=0
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000038 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
) = 93.75 N.m
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 203.13 N.m
4
2

3 nodes,
2 linear elements + 1 T/C.
Deformed shape
266
Moment diagram

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
Rotation Ry - node 1 [rad]
0.000115
CM2
RY
-0.000077
CM2
DZ
Displacement - node 3 [m]
CM2
RY
0.000038
CM2
My
Moment M - node 1 [Nm]
CM2
My
93.75
CM2
My
Moment M - middle span 1 [Nm]
-203.13

Result name
RY
Result description
Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad]
Value
0.000115005 Rad
Error
0.00%
RY
-7.65875e-005 Rad
0.54%
DZ
9.36486e-030 m
0.00%
RY
3.81695e-005 Rad
0.45%
My
1.3145e-013 N*m
0.00%
My
93.6486 N*m
-0.11%
My
-203.176 N*m
-0.02%
267
1.82 Study of a mast subjected to an earthquake (02-0112SMLLB_P92)

Test ID: 2519
Test status: Passed
1.82.1 Description
A structure consisting of 2 beams and 2 punctual masses, subjected to a lateral earthquake along X. The frequency
modes, the eigen vectors, the participation factors, the displacement at the top of the mast and the forces at the top
of the mast are verified.
1.82.2 Model description

Analysis type: modal and spectral analyses;
Element type: linear, mass.
1.82.2.1 Material strength model
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length:
Outer radius:
Inner radius:
L = 35 m,
Rext = 3.00 m
Rint = 2.80 m
Axial section:
Polar inertia:
Bending inertias:
S= 3.644 m2
Ip = 30.68 m4
4
Ix =15.34 m
4
Iy = 15.34 m
Masses
M1 =203873.6 kg
M2 =101936.8 kg
268
Longitudinal elastic modulus:
E = 1.962 x 1010 N/m2,
Poisson's ratio:
= 0.1,
Density:
= 25 kN/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in X = 0, Y = 0 m,
Loading
External: Seismic excitation on X direction

Linear element: beam, automatic mesh,
1.82.2.2 Seismic hypothesis in conformity with PS92 regulation
Zone: Nice Sophia Antipolis (Zone II).

Site: S1 (Medium soil, 10m thickness).
Construction type class: B
Behavior coefficient: 3
Material damping: 4% (Reinforced concrete).
1.82.2.3 Modal analysis

Eigen periods reference solution
Substract the value of structures specific horizontal periods by solving the following equation:
48EI
7L3
det K M 2 = 0
M1
M
0
16
M2
Eigen modes
1
2
Units
Hz
Hz
Reference
2.085
10.742
Modal vectors
For 1:
48EI 16 5 M 2
1 1
7L3 5 2 0
U1
U 1
= 0 1 1 =
M 2 1 U 2
U 2 3.055
0
For 2:
U 1
2 1 =
U 2 0.655
Normalizing relative to the mass
9.305 10 4
2.01 10 3
; 2
1
3
1.316 10 3
2.842 10
269
Modal deformations
1.82.2.4 Spectral study

Design spectrum
Nominal acceleration:
f1 = 2.085Hz a n = 5.5411m s 2
f 2 = 10.742Hz a n = 6.25 m s 2
270
Observation: the gap between pulses is greater than 10%, so the modal responses can be regarded as independent.
Reference participation factors
i = iM
: Vecteur directeur de la direction du sisme

Eigen modes
1
2
Reference
479.427
275.609
Pseudo-acceleration
i = a i i i in (m/s2)
5%
0 .4
: Damping correction factor.
: Structure damping.
3.7852
1 =
- 2.4783
2.7026
1 =
8.2556
Reference modal displacement
1.576E 02
1 =
4.814E 02
8.318E 04
2 =
- 5.446E 04
Equivalent static forces
7.717E + 05
F2 =
- 2.526E + 05
5.510E + 05
F1 =
8.415E + 05
Displacement at the top of the mast
U1 =
((4.81E 02)
+ ( 5.446E 04 )
Units
m
Reference
4.814 E-02
Shear force at the top of the mast
((8.415E + 05)
T1 =
+ ( 2.526E + 05 )
3: Being the behavior coefficient of forces

Units
N
Reference
2.929 E+05
Moment at the base
Units
N.m
Reference
1.578 E+07
271

Reference
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Frequency
Frequency Mode 1 [Hz]
2.085
CM2
Frequency
10.742
CM2
Displacement at the top of the mast [cm]
4.814
CM2
Fz
Forces at the top of the mast [N]
2.929E+05

Result name
Result description
Value
2.08 Hz
Error
-0.24%
10.74 Hz
-0.02%
Displacement at the top of the mast [cm]
4.81159 cm
-0.05%
Fz
Forces at the top of the mast [N]
292677 N
-0.08%
272
1.83 Design of a 2D portal frame (03-0207SSLLG_CM66)

Test ID: 2523
Test status: Passed
1.83.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (displacement at ridge, normal forces, bending moments, deflections, stresses,
buckling lengths, lateral torsional buckling lengths and cross section optimization) for a 2D metallic portal frame,
according to CM66.
1.83.2 Background
Calculation model: 2D metallic portal frame.
Column section: IPE500
Rafter section: IPE400
Base plates: hinged.
Portal frame width: 20m
Columns height: 6m
Portal frame height at the ridge: 7.5m

Load case:
Permanent loads: 150 kg/m on the roof + elements self weight.
Usage overloads: 800 kg/ml on the roof

Mesh density: 1m
Model preview
Combinations
Code
CMP
CMS
CMCFN
CMCFN
CMCFN
CMCD
Numbers
1
2
101
102
103
104
Type
Static
Static
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Title
Permanent load + self weight
Usage overloads
1.333P
1.333P+1.5S
P+1.5S
P+S
273
1.83.2.2 Effel Structure Results

Ridge displacements (combination 104)
Diagram of normal force envelope
274
Envelope of bending moments diagram
1.83.2.3 Effel Expert CM results

Main hypotheses
For columns
Deflections:
1/150
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling:
XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes

XZ plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes
Ka-Kb Method
Lateral-torsional buckling:
Ldi automatic calculation: no restraints

Lds imposed value: 2 m
For the rafters
Deflections:
1/200
Buckling:
XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes

Ka-Kb Method
Lateral-torsional buckling:
Ldi automatic calculation: No restraints

Lds imposed value: 1.5m
Optimization criteria
Work ratio optimization between 90 and 100%

Labels optimization (on Advance Design templates)
275
Deflection verification
Ratio
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
276
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths

Ldi
277
Lds
Optimization
278

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Displacement at the ridge [cm]
9.36
CM2
Fx
Envelope normal forces on Columns (min) [T]
-15.77
CM2
Fx
Envelope normal forces on Rafters (max) [T]
-1.02
CM2
My
Envelope bending moments on Columns (min) [T.m]
-42.41
CM2
My
Envelope bending moments on Rafters (max) [T.m]
42.41
CM2
Deflection
CM deflections on Columns [%]
L / 438 (34%)
CM2
Deflection
CM deflections on Rafters [%]
L / 111 (180%)
CM2
Stress
CM stresses on Columns [MPa]
230.34
CM2
Stress
CM stresses on Rafters [MPa]
458.38
CM2
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfy [m]
5.84
CM2
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfz [m]
CM2
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfy [m]
7.08
CM2
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfz [m]
10.11
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure have different orientation in Advance Design.
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Ldi
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m]
CM2
Lds
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m]
CM2
Ldi
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Ldi [m]
10.11
CM2
Lds
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Lds [m]
1.5
Solver
Result name
Result description
Final section
CM2
Work ratio
IPE500 columns - section optimization
98
IPE500
CM2
Work ratio
IPE400 rafters - section optimization
195
IPE550
Rate (%)
279

Result name
D
Result description
Displacement at the ridge [cm]
Value
9.36473 cm
Error
0.05%
Fx
Envelope normal forces on Columns (min) [T]
-15.7798 T
-0.06%
Fx
Envelope normal forces on Rafters (max) [T]
-1.0161 T
0.38%
My
Envelope bending moments on Columns (min) [Tm]
42.4226 T*m
0.03%
My
Envelope bending moments on Rafters (max) [Tm]
42.4226 T*m
0.03%
Deflection
CM deflections on Columns [adm]
438.077 Adim.
0.02%
Deflection
CM deflections on Rafters [adm]
111.325 Adim.
0.29%
Stress
CM stresses on Columns [adm]
230.331 MPa
0.00%
Stress
CM stresses on Rafters [adm]
458.367 MPa
0.00%
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfy [m]
6m
0.00%
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfz [m]
5.84401 m
0.07%
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfy [m]
10.1119 m
0.02%
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfz [m]
7.07904 m
-0.01%
Ldi
6m
0.00%
Lds
2m
0.00%
Ldi
10.1119 m
0.02%
Lds
1.5 m
0.00%
Work ratio
IPE500 columns - section optimization [adm]
0.980131 Adim.
0.01%
Work ratio
IPE400 rafters - section optimization [adm]
1.9505 Adim.
0.03%
280
1.84 Circular plate under uniform load (01-0003SSLSB_FEM)

Test ID: 2435
Test status: Passed
1.84.1 Description
On a circular plate of 5 mm thickness and 2 m diameter, an uniform load, perpendicular on the plan of the plate, is
applied. The vertical displacement on the plate center is verified.
1.84.2 Background

Circular plate under uniform load
Scale =1/10
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Circular plate radius: r = 1m,

Circular plate thickness: h = 0.005 m.
281
Boundary conditions
Outer: Plate fixed on the side (in all points of its perimeter),
For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the plate and we impose symmetry conditions on some nodes
(see the following model; yz plane symmetry condition):translation restrained nodes along x and rotation
restrained nodes along y and z: translation restrained nodes along x and rotation restrained nodes along y and
z:
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform loads perpendicular on the plate: pZ = -1000 Pa,

Internal: None.
1.84.2.2 Vertical displacement of the model at the center of the plate

Reference solution
Circular plates form:
pr4
-1000 x 14
u = 64D = 64 x 2404 = - 6.50 x 10-3 m
A
with the plate radius coefficient: D =
Eh3
2.1 x 1011 x 0.0053
2 =
12(1-0.32)
12(1- )
A
D = 2404

70 nodes,
58 planar elements.
Meshing
282
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Scale =1.5
Deformed shape
Deformed
Scale =1.5
01-0003SSLSB_FEM

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
Vertical displacement on the plate center [mm]
-6.50

Result name
DZ
Result description
Vertical displacement on the plate center [mm]
Value
-6.47032 mm
Error
0.46%
283
1.85 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = -10000 N/m) (01-0102SSNLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2516
Test status: Passed
1.85.1 Description
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = -10000 N/m).
1.85.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m4
Boundary conditions
Outer:
T/C ky Rigidity = -10000 N/m (the sign corresponds to an upwards restraint),

Inner: None.
Loading
284

Internal: None.

Displacements
(
) = 0.000129 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000106 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
= 0.00058 m
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000034 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
) = 58.15 N.m
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 220.9 N.m
2
4

3 nodes,
Deformed shape
285
Moment diagram

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
-0.000129
CM2
RY
0.000106
CM2
DZ
0.00058
CM2
RY
0.000034
CM2
My
M moment - node 1 [Nm]
CM2
My
-58.15
CM2
My
M moment - middle span 1 [Nm]
-220.9

Result name
RY
Result description
Value
0.000129488 Rad
Error
0.38%
RY
-0.000105646 Rad
0.33%
DZ
0.000581169 m
0.20%
RY
-3.44295e-005 Rad
-1.26%
My
1.77636e-015 N*m
0.00%
My
58.1169 N*m
-0.06%
My
M moment - middle span 1 [Nm]
-220.942 N*m
-0.02%
286
1.86 Linear element in combined bending/tension - without compressed reinforcements - Partially

tensioned section (02-0158SSLLB_B91)
Test ID: 2520
Test status: Passed
1.86.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjects to uniform loads and
compression normal forces.
1.86.2 Model description
Reference: J. Perchat (CHEC) reinforced concrete course

Units
Forces: kN
Moment: kN.m
Stresses: MPa
Reinforcement density: cm
Geometry
Beam dimensions: 0.2 x 0.5 ht

Length: l = 48 m in 8 spans of 6m,
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 20000 MPa,
Poisson's ratio: = 0.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at end x = 0,
Vertical support at the same level with all other supports

Inner: Hinged at each beam end (isostatic)
Loading
External:
Case 1 (DL):uniform linear load g= -5kN/m (on all spans except 8)

Fx = 10 kN at x = 42m: Ng = -10 kN for spans from 6 to 7
Fx = 140 kN at x = 32m: Ng = -150 kN for span 5
Fx = -50 kN at x = 24m: Ng = -100 kN for span 4
Fx = -70 kN at x = 6m: Ng = -30 kN for span 1
Case 10 (DL):uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (span 8)

Fx = 10 kN at x = 48m: Ng = -10 kN
Fx = -10 kN at x = 42m
287
Case 2 to 8 (LL):uniform linear load q = -9 kN/m (on spans 1, 3 to 7)

uniform linear load q = -15 kN/m (on span 2)
Fx = 30 kN at x = 6m (case 2 span 1)
Fx = -50 kN at x = 6m (case 3 span 2)
Fx = -8 kN at x = 36m (case 8 span 7
Case 9 (ACC):uniform linear load a = -25 kN/m (on 8th span)

Comb BAELUS: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration of more than 24h (comb 101, 104 to 107)
Comb BAEULI: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration between 1h and 24h (comb 102)
Comb BAELUC: 1.35xDL + 1.5xLL with duration of less than 1h (comb 103)
Comb BAELS: 1xDL + 1*LL (comb 108 to 114)
Comb BAELA: 1xDL + 1xACC with duration of less than 1h (comb 115)
Internal: None.
Reinforced concrete calculation hypothesis:

All concrete covers are set to 5 cm
BAEL 91 calculation (according to 99 revised version)
288
Span
1
Concrete
B20
Reinforcement
HA fe500
Application
D>24h
Concrete
No
B35
Adx fe235
1h<D<24h
No
B50
HA fe 400
D<1h
Yes
4
5
B25
B25
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
Yes
No
6
7
8
B30
B40
B45
Adx fe235
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
D<1h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cracking
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Prejudicial
Very
prejudicial
Prejudicial
160 MPa
Non
prejudicial
1.86.2.1 Reinforcement calculation

Reference solution
fc28
ft28
fe
teta
gamb
gams
h
Span 1
20
1.8
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 2
35
2.7
235
0.9
1.5
1.15
1
Span 3
50
3.6
400
0.85
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 4
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 5
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 6
30
2.4
235
1
1.5
1.15
1
Span 7
40
3
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 8
45
3.3
500
0.85
1.15
1
1.6
fbu
fed
sigpreju
sigtpreju
11.33
434.78
250.00
200.00
22.04
204.35
156.67
125.33
33.33
347.83
264.00
211.20
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
17.00
204.35
156.67
125.33
22.67
434.78
160.00
160.00
39.13
500.00
252.76
202.21
g
q
pu
pser
G
Q
l
Mu
Nu
Mser
Nser
Vu
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
-30.00
-30.00
6.00
91.13
-85.50
63.00
-60.00
60.75
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
-10.00
-8.00
6.00
91.13
-25.50
63.00
-18.00
60.75
5.00
25.00
30.00
Mu/A
ubu
74.03
0.161
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
29.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
-100.00
-50.00
-100.00
-150.00
-10.00
-50.00
-40.00
-100.00
-100.00
-8.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
131.63
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
-210.00
-127.50
-285.00
-352.50
-25.50
90.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
-150.00
-90.00
-200.00
-250.00
-18.00
87.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
Main reinforcement calculation according to ULS
89.63
65.63
34.13
20.63
86.03
0.100
0.049
0.059
0.036
0.125
a
z
Au
Mser/A
a
Mrb
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Aserp
Mser/A
a
Mrb
A
B
C
-10.00
-8.00
6.00
135.00
-18.00
90.00
86.03
0.094
131.40
0.083
0.221
0.133
0.062
0.077
0.046
0.167
0.123
0.410
0.426
0.439
0.436
0.442
0.420
0.428
6.12
20.57
7.97
8.35
9.18
11.27
5.21
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
51.000
60.000
45.000
23.000
13.000
59.400
59.400
0.108
0.430
6.46
0.4186
87.53
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.4533
0.4533
0.4737
0.4737
0.6328
0.6923
121.16
121.16
182.01
258.82
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-0.2044
-0.1156
-0.8426
-0.8250
0.2044
0.1156
0.8426
0.8250
0.238
0.432
0.428
0.414
0.385
0.386
10.22
10.99
10.75
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
51.00
60.00
45.00
23.00
13.00
59.40
59.40
0.47
96.93
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.5667
0.6678
220.78
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.8511
0.8511
0.72
231.67
1.0000
-3.0000
-1.0638
0.6303
302.44
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.3788
0.3788
0.68
319.66
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.4735
0.53
132.43
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.2556
0.53
132.43
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.1444
0.68
192.27
1.0000
-3.0000
-1.0532
0.69
258.82
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.8250
0.000
0.6157
267.55
1.0000
-3.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.00
0.67
283.60
1.0000
-3.0000
0.0000
289
Span 1
0.5667
Span 2
1.0638
tu
k
At/st
0.68
0.57
1.87
0.98
0.40
7.08
Aflex
e0
Aminfsimp
Aminfcomp
At
Atmin
6.12
-0.95
0.75
0.83
1.87
1.60
20.57
-1.67
2.38
2.54
7.08
3.40
D
alpha1
z
Asertp
Span 3
0.4735
Span 4
0.2556
Span 5
0.1444
0.203
0.420
14.049
Transverse reinforcement calculation
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.00
-0.14
-0.41
4.31
3.90
4.77
Recapitulation
7.97
10.22
14.05
-1.43
-3.17
-3.97
1.86
0.87
0.87
2.01
0.90
0.90
4.31
3.90
4.77
2.00
1.60
1.60
Span 6
1.0532
Span 7
0.8250
Span 8
0.0000
0.68
0.00
7.34
0.68
0.00
3.45
1.00
0.00
4.44
11.27
-0.29
2.11
2.80
7.34
3.40
10.75
-0.29
1.24
1.65
3.45
1.60
6.46
-0.13
1.37
0.30
4.44
1.60
Linear elements: beams with imposed mesh

29 nodes,
28 linear elements.

Solver
Result name
Result description
CM2
Az
Reference value
6.12
CM2
Amin
0.75
CM2
Atz
1.87
2
CM2
Az
20.57
CM2
Amin
2.38
CM2
Atz
7.08
2
CM2
Az
7.97
CM2
Amin
1.86
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
4.31
10.22
CM2
Amin
0.87
CM2
Atz
3.90
2
CM2
Az
14.05
CM2
Amin
4.20
CM2
Atz
4.77
2
CM2
Az
11.27
CM2
Amin
2.11
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
7.34
10.75
2
CM2
Amin
Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm ]
1.24
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
6.46
CM2
Amin
1.37
CM2
Atz
The "Mu limit" method must be applied in order to achieve the same results.
290
4.44

Result name
Az
Result description
Value
-6.11718 cm
Error
0.05%
Amin
0.7452 cm
-0.64%
Atz
1.8699 cm
-0.01%
Az
-20.5688 cm
0.01%
Amin
2.3783 cm
-0.07%
Atz
7.07943 cm
-0.01%
Az
-7.96552 cm
0.06%
Amin
1.863 cm
0.16%
Atz
4.3125 cm
0.06%
Az
-10.2301 cm
-0.10%
Amin
0.8694 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.9008 cm
0.02%
Az
-14.0512 cm
-0.01%
Amin
4.2 cm
0.00%
Atz
4.7702 cm
0.00%
Az
-11.2742 cm
-0.04%
Amin
2.11404 cm
0.19%
Atz
7.34043 cm
0.01%
Az
-10.7634 cm
-0.12%
Amin
Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm]
1.242 cm
0.16%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-6.47718 cm
-0.27%
Amin
1.3662 cm
-0.28%
Atz
4.44444 cm
0.10%
291
1.87 Design of a concrete floor with an opening (03-0208SSLLG_BAEL91)

Test ID: 2524
Test status: Passed
1.87.1 Description
Verifies the displacements, bending moments and reinforcement results for a 2D concrete slab with supports and
punctual loads.
1.87.2 Background
Calculation model: 2D concrete slab.
Slab thickness: 20 cm
Slab length: 20m
Slab width: 10m
The supports (punctual and linear) are considered as hinged.
Supports positioning (see scheme below)
1,50m*2,50m opening => see positioning on the following scheme

Materials:
Concrete B25
Young module: E= 36000 MPa

Load case:
Permanent loads: 100 kg/m2
Permanent loads: 200 kg/ml around the opening
Punctual loads of 2T in permanent loads (see the following definition)
Usage overloads: 250 kg/m2

Mesh density: 0.5 m
Slab geometry
292
Support positions
Positions of punctual loads
293
Global loading overview
Load Combinations
Code
BAGMAX
BAQ
BAELS
BAELU
294
Numbers
1
2
101
102
Type
Static
Static
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Title
Permanent loads + self weight
Usage overloads
Gmax+Q
1.35Gmax+1.5Q
1.87.2.2 Effel Structure Results

SLS max displacements (load combination 101)
Mx bending moment for ULS load combination
295
My bending moment for ULS load combination
Mxy bending moment for ULS load combination
1.87.2.3 Effel RC Expert Results

Main hypothesis
296
Top and bottom concrete covers: 3 cm

Slightly dangerous cracking
Concrete B25 => Fc28= 25 MPa
Reinforcement calculation according to Wood method.
Calculation starting from non averaged forces.
Axi reinforcements
Ayi reinforcements
297
Axs reinforcements
Ays reinforcements
298

Solver
Result
name
Result description
Reference
value
CM2
Max displacement for SLS (load combination 101) [cm]
0.176
CM2
Myy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(Mx) [kN.m]
25.20
CM2
Myy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(Mx) [kN.m]
-15.71
CM2
Mxx
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(My) [kN.m]
31.17
CM2
Mxx
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(My) [kN.m]
-18.79
CM2
Mxy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max (Mxy) [kN.m]
10.26
CM2
Mxy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min (Mxy) [kN.m]
-10.14
CM2
Axi
Theoretic reinforcements Axi [cm ]
3.84
CM2
Axs
Theoretic reinforcements Axs [cm ]
3.55
CM2
Ayi
Theoretic reinforcements Ayi [cm2]
3.75
4.53
CM2
Ays
Theoretic reinforcements Ays [cm ]
These values are obtained from the maximum values from the mesh.

Result name
D
Result description
Max displacement for SLS (load combination 101) [cm]
Value
0.174641 cm
Error
-0.77%
Myy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination

102) Max(Mx) [kNm]
25.2594 kN*m
0.24%
Myy

102) Min(Mx) [kNm]
-15.6835 kN*m
0.17%
Mxx

102) Max(My) [kNm]
31.2449 kN*m
0.24%
Mxx

102) Min(My) [kNm]
-18.7726 kN*m
0.09%
Mxy

102) Max (Mxy) [kNm]
-10.1558 kN*m
1.02%
Mxy

102) Min (Mxy) [kNm]
10.2508 kN*m
1.09%
Axi
Theoretic reinforcements Axi [cm2]
3.83063 cm
-0.24%
Axs
Theoretic reinforcementsAxs [cm2]
3.629 cm
2.23%
Ayi
Theoretic reinforcements Ayi [cm2]
3.72879 cm
-0.57%
Ays
Theoretic reinforcements Ays [cm2]
4.61909 cm
1.97%
299
1.88 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = 0) (01-0100SSNLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2514
Test status: Passed
1.88.1 Description
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = 0).
1.88.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
4
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m
Boundary conditions
Outer:
T/C stiffness ky = 0,
Inner: None.
Loading
300

Internal: None.

ky being null, the non linear model behaves the same way as the structure without support 3.
Displacements
(
) = 0.000153 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000153 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
= 0.00153 m
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000153 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
)=0
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 250 N.m
4
2

3 nodes,
Deformed shape
301
Moment diagrams

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
0.000153
CM2
RY
-0.000153
CM2
DZ
Displacement V in node 3 [m]
0.00153
CM2
RY
0.000153
CM2
My
Moment M in node 1 [Nm]
CM2
My
-250

Result name
RY
Result description
Value
0.000153175 Rad
Error
0.11%
RY
-0.000153175 Rad
-0.11%
DZ
Displacement V in node 3 [m]
0.00153175 m
0.11%
RY
-0.000153175 Rad
-0.11%
My
Moment M in node 1 [Nm]
5.05771e-014 N*m
0.00%
My
-250 N*m
0.00%
302
1.89 Non linear system of truss beams (01-0104SSNLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2518
Test status: Passed
1.89.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.89.2 Background

Element type: linear, bar, tie.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L=5m
Section S = 0.005 m2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 N/m2.
Boundary conditions
Outer:

Inner: None.
303
Loading
External: Horizontal punctual load P = 50000 N at node 3,

Internal: None.

In non linear analysis without large displacement, the introduction of ties for the diagonal bars removes bar 5 (test
No. 0103SSLLB_FEM allows finding an compression force in this bar at the linear calculation).
Displacements
u3 = u 4 =
v3 =
v4 = 0
5PL
= 0.001195 m
11ES
PL
= 0.000238 m
ES
N normal forces
N12 = 0
N 23 = P = 50000 N
N 43 = 0
N14 = 0
N13 = 2P = 70711 N
N 42 = 0
Linear element: bar, without meshing,

4 nodes,
6 linear elements.
Deformed shape
304
Normal forces

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
0.001195
CM2
DZ
-0.000238
CM2
DX
0.001195
CM2
DZ
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
-50000
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
70711
CM2
Fx
305

Result name
DX
Result description
Value
0.00119035 m
Error
-0.39%
DZ
-0.000238095 m
-0.04%
DX
0.00119035 m
-0.39%
DZ
9.94686e-316 m
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
-50000 N
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
2.08884e-307 N
0.00%
Fx
70710.7 N
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
306
1.90 Design of a Steel Structure according to CM66 (03-0206SSLLG_CM66)

Test ID: 2522
Test status: Passed
1.90.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (maximum displacement, normal force, bending moment, deflections, buckling
lengths, lateral-torsional buckling and cross section optimization) for a simple metallic framework with a concrete
floor, according to CM66.
1.90.2 Background
Calculation model: Simple metallic framework with a concrete floor.

Load case:
Permanent loads: 150 kg/m for the floor and 25kg/m for the roof.
Overloads: 250 kg/m on the floor.
Wind loads on region II for a normal location
Snow loads on region 2B at an altitude of 750m.

CM66 Combinations
Model preview
307
Code
CMP
CMS
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMN
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Type
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Structures load case
Title
SW + Dead loads
Overloads for usage
Wind overloads along +X in overpressure
Wind overloads along +X in depression
Wind overloads along -X in overpressure
Wind overloads along -X in depression
Wind overloads along +Z in overpressure
Wind overloads along +Z in depression
Wind overloads along -Z in overpressure
Wind overloads along -Z in depression
Normal snow overloads
1.90.2.2 Effel Structure results

Displacement Envelope (CMCD" load combinations)
Env.
Case
No.
Max(D)
Min(D)
Max(DX)
Min(DX)
Max(DY)
Min(DY)
Max(DZ)
Min(DZ)
213
188
204
204
213
213
201
203
148
1.1
72.1
313
148
61.5
371
370
Envelope of linear element forces

D
DX
Max.
location
(cm)
(cm)
CENTER
12.115
0.037
START
0.000
0.000
START
3.138
3.099
END
2.872
-1.872
CENTER
12.115
0.037
END
9.986
-0.118
CENTER
4.149
-0.006
CENTER
4.124
-0.006
DY
(cm)
12.035
0.000
0.434
-0.129
12.035
-9.985
-0.188
-0.240
DZ
(cm)
-1.393
0.000
0.244
-2.174
-1.393
0.046
4.145
-4.118
Envelope of forces on linear elements (CMCFN load combinations)
Env.
Case
No.
Max (Fx)
Min (Fx)
Max(Fy)
Min(Fy)
Max(Fz)
Min(Fz)
Max(Mx)
Min(Mx)
Max(My)
Min(My)
Max (Mz)
Min (Mz)
120
138
120
120
177
187
120
120
177
179
120
120
4.1
98
57
60
371
370
111
21
371
370
57
59.2
Envelope of linear element forces

Fx
Fy
Fz
MaxSite
(T)
(T)
(T)
START
19.423
-4.108
-1.384
START
-41.618
-0.962
-0.192
END
-13.473
16.349
-0.016
START
-15.994
-16.112
-0.006
START
-3.486
-0.118
2.655
START
-3.666
-0.147
-2.658
END
3.933
4.840
0.278
END
-22.324
13.785
-0.191
CENTER
-3.099
-0.118
-0.323
CENTER
-3.283
-0.155
0.321
END
-13.473
16.349
-0.016
END
-19.455
-8.969
-0.702
Mx
(T*m)
-0.003
0.000
-0.003
-3E-004
0.000
0.000
0.028
-0.028
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.003
My
(T*m)
1.505
0.000
0.002
6E-006
0.000
0.000
-4E-005
-0.004
4.403
-4.373
0.002
-0.001
Mz
(T*m)
7.551
0.000
55.744
53.096
0.000
0.000
11.531
42.562
-0.500
-0.660
55.744
-57.105
Envelope of linear element stresses (CMCFN load combinations)
Env.
Case
No.
Max(sxxMax)
Min(sxxMax)
Max(sxyMax)
Min(sxyMax)
Max(sxzMax)
Min(sxzMax)
Max(sFxx)
Min(sFxx)
Max(sMxxMax)
Min(sMxxMax)
120
120
120
120
185
179
120
120
120
1
59.2
292
57
60
371
370
293
292
59.2
1.1
308
Envelope of linear element stresses

sxxMax
sxyMax
MaxSite
(MPa)
(MPa)
END
273.860
-14.696
START
-150.743
0.000
START
262.954
37.139
END
241.643
-36.595
START
-2.949
-0.183
START
-3.104
-0.255
END
161.095
9E-005
START
-150.743
0.000
END
273.860
-14.696
START
-4.511
3.155
sxzMax
(MPa)
-1.024
0.000
-0.030
-0.011
3.876
-3.882
-0.002
0.000
-1.024
-0.646
sFxx
(MPa)
-16.453
-150.743
-15.609
-18.536
-2.949
-3.104
161.095
-150.743
-16.453
-4.511
sMxxMax
(MPa)
290.312
0.000
278.562
260.179
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
290.312
0.000
1.90.2.3 CM66 Effel Expertise results

Hypotheses
For columns
Deflections:
1/150
Buckling XY plane:
Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes

Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: hinged restraint

Lds automatic calculation: hinged restraint
For rafters
Deflections:
1/200
Buckling:
XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes

Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: no restraint

For columns
Deflections:
1/150
Buckling:
XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes

XZ plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes
Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: hinged restraint

Optimization parameters
Work ratio optimization between 90 and 100%

All the sections from the library are available.
Labels optimization.
The results of the optimization given below correspond to an iteration of the finite elements calculation.
309
Deflection verification
Ratio
Max values on the element
310
Columns: L / 168
Rafter: L / 96
Column: L / 924
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
Max values on the element
Columns: 375.16 MPa
Rafter: 339.79 MPa
Column: 180.98 MPa
311
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
312
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths

Ldi
Lds
313
Optimization

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Maximum displacement (CMCD) [cm]
12.115
CM2
Fx
Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Min (Fx) [T]
-41.618
CM2
Fx
Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Max (Fx) [T]
19.423
CM2
My
Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Min (Mz) [Tm]
-57.105
CM2
My
Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Max (Mz) [Tm]
55.744
Warning, the Mz bending moment of Effel Structure corresponds to the My bending moment of Advance Design.
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Deflection
L / 168 (89%)
CM2
Deflection
L / 96 (208%)
CM2
Deflection
L / 924 (16%)
CM2
Stress
374.67
CM2
Stress
339.74
CM2
Stress
180.98
CM2
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Columns Lfy [m]
8.02
CM2
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Columns Lfz [m]
24.07
CM2
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfy [m]
1.72
CM2
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfz [m]
20.25
CM2C
Lfy
4.20
CM2
Lfz
5.67
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure are opposite to those in Advance Design.
314
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
Ldi
8.5
Lds
8.5
CM2
Ldi
8.61
CM2
Lds
1.72
CM2
Ldi
CM2
Lds
Solver
Result name
Result description
Final section
CM2
Work ratio
1.59
IPE600
CM2
Work ratio
1.45
IPE500
CM2
Work ratio
0.77
IPE360
Rate (%)
315

Result name
D
Result description
Maximum displacement (CMCD) [cm]
Value
12.1324 cm
Error
0.14%
Fx
Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Min (Fx) [T]
-41.655 T
-0.09%
Fx
Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Max (Fx) [T]
19.4743 T
0.26%
My
Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Min (Mz)[Tm]
-57.1184 T*m
-0.02%
My
Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Max (Mz) [Tm]
55.7692 T*m
0.05%
Deflection
167.783 Adim.
-0.13%
Deflection
96.1423 Adim.
0.15%
Deflection
925.187 Adim.
0.13%
Stress
374.583 MPa
-0.02%
Stress
347.517 MPa
2.29%
Stress
180.706 MPa
-0.15%
Lfy
7.96718 m
-0.66%
Lfz
24.0693 m
0.00%
Lfy
Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfy [m]
1.72255 m
0.15%
Lfz
Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfz [m]
20.2452 m
-0.02%
Lfy
4.19567 m
-0.10%
Lfz
5.67211 m
0.04%
Ldi
8.5 m
0.00%
Lds
8.5 m
0.00%
Ldi
8.61187 m
0.02%
Lds
8.61187 m
0.02%
Ldi
2m
0.00%
Lds
2m
0.00%
Work ratio
1.59397 Adim.
0.25%
Work ratio
1.4788 Adim.
1.99%
Work ratio
0.768961 Adim.
-0.13%
316
1.91 Tied (sub-tensioned) beam (01-0005SSLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2437
Test status: Passed
1.91.1 Description
Verifies the tension force on a beam reinforced by a system of hinged bars, subjected to a uniform linear load.
1.91.2 Background

Analysis type: static, thermoelastic (plane problem);
Tied (sub-tensioned) beam
Scale =1/37
01-0005SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length:
AD = FB = a = 2 m,
DF = CE = b = 4 m,
CD = EF = c = 0.6 m,
AC = EB = d = 2.088 m,
Total length: L = 8 m,
317
AD, DF, FB Beams:
Section: A = 0.01516 m2,
Shear area: Ar = A / 2.5,

-4
4
Inertia moment: I = 2.174 x 10 m ,

CE Bar:
-3
2
Section: A1 = 4.5 x 10 m ,
AC, EB bar:
-3
2
Section: A2 = 4.5 x 10 m ,
CD, EF bars:
-3
2
Section: A3 = 3.48 x 10 m .
Isotropic linear elastic material,

11
Shearing module: G = 0.4x E.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Hinged in A, support connection in B (blocked vertical translation),

Inner: Hinged at bar ends: AC, CD, EF, EB.
Loading
External: Uniform linear load p = -50000 N/ml,
-3
-5
Internal: Shortening of the CE tie of = 6.52 x 10 m (dilatation coefficient: CE = 1 x 10 /C and temperature
variation T = -163C).
1.91.2.2 Compression force in CE bar

Reference solution
The solution is established by considering the deformation effects due to the shear force and normal force:
4 a
=1-3 xL
A
A
k = A = 2.5
r
A
t=
EA
I
A
AE
= (L/c)2 x (1+ (A/A1) x (b/L) + 2 x (A/A2) x (d/a)2 x (d/L) + 2 x (A/A3) (c/a)2 x (c/L)
= k x [(2Et2) / (GaL)]
=++
0 = 1 (a/L)2 x (2 a/L)
0 = 6k x (E/G) x (t/L)2 x (1 + b/L)
0 = 0 + 0
NCE = - (1/12) x (pL2/c) x (0 /) + (EI/(Lc2)) x (/) = 584584 N
Linear element: without meshing,
318
AD, DF, FB: S beam (considering the shear force deformations),

AC, CD, EF, EB: bar,
CE: beam,
6 nodes.
Force diagrams
Scale =1/31
Compression force in CE bar
1.91.2.3 Bending moment at point H

Reference solution
MH = - (1/8) x pL2 x [1- (2/3) x (0/)] (EI/(Lc)) x (/p) = 49249.5 N

CE: beam,
6 nodes.
319
Shape of the bending moment diagram

Scale =1/31
Mz bending moment
1.91.2.4 Vertical displacement at point D

Reference solution
The reference displacement vD provided by AFNOR is determined by averaging the results of several software with
implemented finite elements method.
-3
vD = -0.5428 x 10 m
320
CE: beam,
6 nodes.
Deformed shape
Scale =1/31
Deformed

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
FX
Tension force on CE bar [N]
584584

Result name
Fx
Result description
Tension force on CE bar [N]
Value
584580 N
Error
0.00%
321
1.92 Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) (01-0004SDLLB_FEM)

Test ID: 2436
Test status: Passed
1.92.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies for a slender beam with variable section, subjected to its own weight.
1.92.2 Background

Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free)
Scale =1/4
01-0004SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
322
Beam length: l = 1 m,
Initial section (in A):
Height: h1 = 0.04 m,
Width: b1 = 0.04 m,
Section: A1 = 1.6 x 10-3 m2,

-7
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz1 = 2.1333 x 10 m ,

Final section (in B):
Height: h2 = 0.01 m,
Width: b2 = 0.01 m,
-4
2
Section: A2 = 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz2 = 8.3333 x 10-10 m4.
3
Density: 7800 kg/m .
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A,
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.

Reference solutions
Precise calculation by numerical integration of the differential equation of beams bending (Euler-Bernoulli theories):
2
2v
2v
2 (EIz
2 ) = -A
x
x2
x
A
The result is: fi =

A
1
h2
2
2 i l
E
1
23.289
where Iz and A vary with the abscissa.

A
AE
2
73.9
E
12
AE
3
165.23
4
299.7
5
478.1
Linear element: variable beam, imposed mesh,

31 nodes,
30 linear elements.
Eigen mode shapes
323

Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
54.18
CM2
Eigen mode
171.94
CM2
Eigen mode
384.4
CM2
Eigen mode
697.24
CM2
Eigen mode
1112.28

Result name
324
Result description
Value
54.01 Hz
Error
-0.31%
170.58 Hz
-0.79%
378.87 Hz
-1.44%
681.31 Hz
-2.28%
1075.7 Hz
-3.29%
2 CAD, Rendering and Visualization
2.1
Verifying the annotations of a wind generated load. (TTAD #13190)

Test ID: 6210
Test status: Passed
2.1.1
Description
Verifies annotations of a wind generated load. It generates wind on the current 2 slope building( the remarks are
filled) then hides all the elements, makes visible only the load with identifier 1 and takes a printscreen.
2.2
Verifying hide/show elements command (TTAD #11753)

Test ID: 3443
Test status: Passed
2.2.1
Description
Verifies the hide/show elements command for the whole structure using the right-click option.
2.3
Verifying the visualisation of supports with rotational or moving DoFs.(TTAD #13891)

Test ID: 6213
Test status: Passed
2.3.1
Description
Verifies the visualisation of supports with rotational or moving DoFs by taking a printscreen.
2.4
Verifying the annotations dimensions when new analysis is made.(TTAD #14825)

Test ID: 6199
Test status: Passed
2.4.1
Description
Verifies the annotations dimensions when new analysis is made. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
2.5
Verifying the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is
made.(TTAD #12807)
Test ID: 6201
Test status: Passed
2.5.1
Description
Verifies the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is made. It takes a printscreen of
the loaded saved view.
2.6
Verifying the saved view of elements with annotations. (TTAD #13033)

Test ID: 6209
Test status: Passed
2.6.1
Description
Verifies the saved view of elements with annotations. It makes saved views and takes printscreens of them after
switching between them.
326
2.7
Verifying the grid text position (TTAD #11704)

Test ID: 3464
Test status: Passed
2.7.1
Description
Verifies the grid text position from different views.
2.8
System stability during section cut results verification (TTAD #11752)

Test ID: 3457
Test status: Passed
2.8.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the section cut results on a concrete planar element with an
opening.
2.9
Generating combinations (TTAD #11721)

Test ID: 3468
Test status: Passed
2.9.1
Description
Generates combinations for three types of loads: live loads, dead loads and snow (with an altitude > 1000 m and
base effect); generates the combinations description report.
2.10 Verifying the coordinates system symbol (TTAD #11611)

Test ID: 3550
Test status: Passed
2.10.1 Description
Verifies the coordinates system symbol display from different views.
2.11 Verifying descriptive actors after creating analysis (TTAD #11589)

Test ID: 3579
Test status: Passed
2.11.1 Description
Generates the finite elements calculation on a complex concrete structure (C35/45 material). Verifies the descriptive
actors after creating the analysis.
The structure consists of 42 linear elements, 303 planar elements, 202 supports, etc. 370 planar loads are applied:
live loads, dead loads and temperature.
327
2.12 Creating a camera (TTAD #11526)

Test ID: 3608
Test status: Passed
2.12.1 Description
Verifies the camera creation and visibility.
2.13 Creating a circle (TTAD #11525)

Test ID: 3607
Test status: Passed
2.13.1 Description
Creates a circle.
2.14 Verifying the snap points behavior during modeling (TTAD #11458)
Test ID: 3644
Test status: Passed
2.14.1 Description
Verifies the snap points behavior when the "Allowed deformation" function is enabled (stretch points) and when it is
disabled (grip points).
2.15 Verifying the representation of elements with HEA cross section (TTAD #11328)
Test ID: 3701
Test status: Passed
2.15.1 Description
Verifies the representation of elements with HEA340 cross section.
2.16 Verifying the local axes of a section cut (TTAD #11681)

Test ID: 3637
Test status: Passed
2.16.1 Description
Changes the local axes of a section cut in the descriptive model and verifies if the local axes are kept in analysis
model.
2.17 Verifying the display of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11486)
Test ID: 3742
Test status: Passed
2.17.1 Description
Creates an element with compound cross section (CS1 IPE400 IPE240) and verifies the cross section display.
328
2.18 Verifying the descriptive model display after post processing results in analysis mode (TTAD
#11475)
Test ID: 3733
Test status: Passed
2.18.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and displays the forces results on linear elements. Returns to the model
mode to verify the descriptive model display.
2.19 Modeling using the tracking snap mode (TTAD #10979)

Test ID: 3745
Test status: Passed
2.19.1 Description
Enables the "tracking" snap mode to model structure elements.
2.20 Verifying holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height (TTAD #11490)
Test ID: 3740
Test status: Passed
2.20.1 Description
Verifies holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height.
2.21 Turning on/off the "ghost" rendering mode (TTAD #11999)

Test ID: 4304
Test status: Passed
2.21.1 Description
Verifies the on/off function for the "ghost" rendering mode when the workplane display is disabled.
2.22 Verifying the "ghost display on selection" function for saved views (TTAD #12054)
Test ID: 4347
Test status: Passed
2.22.1 Description
Verifies the display of saved views which contain elements with the "ghost on selection" function enabled.
2.23 Moving a linear element along with the support (TTAD #12110)
Test ID: 4302
Test status: Passed
2.23.1 Description
Moves a linear element along with the element support, after selecting both elements.
329
2.24 Verifying the "ghost" display after changing the display colors (TTAD #12064)
Test ID: 4349
Test status: Passed
2.24.1 Description
Verifies the "ghost" display on selected elements after changing the element display color.
2.25 Verifying the grid text position (TTAD #11657)

Test ID: 3465
Test status: Passed
2.25.1 Description
Verifies the grid text position from different views.
2.26 Verifying the fixed load scale function (TTAD #12183).

Test ID: 4429
Test status: Passed
2.26.1 Description
Verifies the "fixed load scale" function.
2.27 Verifying the steel connections modeling (TTAD #11698)

Test ID: 4440
Test status: Passed
2.27.1 Description
Verifies the modeling of steel connections.
2.28 Verifying the saved view of elements by cross-section. (TTAD #13197)

Test ID: 6180
Test status: Passed
2.28.1 Description
Verifies the saved view of elements by cross-section. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
2.29 Verifying the default view.(TTAD #13248)

Test ID: 6198
Test status: Passed
2.29.1 Description
Verifies the default view to be the top view. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
330
2.30 Verifying the dividing of planar elements which contain openings (TTAD #12229)
Test ID: 4483
Test status: Passed
2.30.1 Description
Verifies the dividing of planar elements which contain openings.
2.31 Verifying the program behavior when trying to create lintel (TTAD #12062)
Test ID: 4507
Test status: Passed
2.31.1 Description
Verifies the program behavior when trying to create lintel on a planar element with an inappropriate opening.
2.32 Verifying the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model with overlapped loads
(TTAD #11837)
Test ID: 4511
Test status: Passed
2.32.1 Description
Verifies the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model that had overlapped loads.
2.33 Verifying the display of punctual loads after changing the load case number (TTAD #11958)
Test ID: 4508
Test status: Passed
2.33.1 Description
Creates a punctual load and verifies the display of the load after placing it in another load case using the load case
number from the properties window.
2.34 Verifying the display of a beam with haunches (TTAD #12299)

Test ID: 4513
Test status: Passed
2.34.1 Description
Verifies the display of a beam with haunches, in the "Linear contour" rendering mode.
2.35 Creating base plate connections for non-vertical columns (TTAD #12170)
Test ID: 4534
Test status: Passed
2.35.1 Description
Creates a base plate connection on a non-vertical column.
331
2.36 Verifying drawing of joints in y-z plan (TTAD #12453)

Test ID: 4551
Test status: Passed
2.36.1 Description
Verifying drawing of joints in y-z plan (TTAD #12453)
2.37 Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint (TTAD #12592)
Test ID: 4560
Test status: Passed
2.37.1 Description
Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint at one end (TTAD #12592)
2.38 Verifying annotation on selection (TTAD #12700)

Test ID: 4575
Test status: Passed
2.38.1 Description
Verifying annotation on selection (TTAD #12700)
332
3 Climatic Generator
3.1
EC1: Generating snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters (TTAD #12806)
Test ID: 4848
Test status: Passed
3.1.1
Description
Generates snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.2
EC1: Generating wind loads on a square based structure according to UK standards (BS EN
1991-1-4:2005) (TTAD #12608)
Test ID: 4845
Test status: Passed
3.2.1
Description
Generates the wind loads on a square based structure. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 - UK
standards (BS EN 1991-1-4:2005).
3.3
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building (TTAD #12716)
Test ID: 4846
Test status: Passed
3.3.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters and lateral parapets, according
to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It also verifies snow fall from higher to lower close
building.
3.4
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and parapets. (TTAD #12878)
Test ID: 4852
Test status: Passed
3.4.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes
1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.5
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12835)
Test ID: 4850
Test status: Passed
3.5.1
Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. The lower building is longer. The wind loads are generated
according to Eurocodes 1 - French standards (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
334
3.6
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)
Test ID: 4569
Test status: Passed
3.6.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters on each slope and middle parapets, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.7
EC1: generating wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles and
automatic calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12744)
Test ID: 4580
Test status: Passed
3.7.1
Description
Generates the wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles, using automatic calculation of
"n" - eigen mode frequency. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 - French standards (NF EN
1991-1-4/NA).
3.8
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building. (TTAD #12719)
Test ID: 4847
Test status: Passed
3.8.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies snow fall from higher to lower close building.
3.9
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12841)
Test ID: 4851
Test status: Passed
3.9.1
Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. The lower building is longer and has a 4 slope shed and the
higher building has a 2 slope roof. The snow loads are generated according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.10 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12808)
Test ID: 4849
Test status: Passed
3.10.1 Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN
1991-1-3/NA).
335
3.11 EC1: Generating snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets (TTAD #12606)
Test ID: 4570
Test status: Passed
3.11.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.12 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)
Test ID: 4568
Test status: Passed
3.12.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters on each slope and lateral parapets, according to the
3.13 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA)
(TTAD #11111)
Test ID: 4546
Test status: Passed
3.13.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). The third slope is an extension of the roof with a different angle.
3.14 EC1: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT :
3.2 - Wind - Example B)
Test ID: 4521
Test status: Passed
3.14.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.15 EC1: wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and user
defined "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276)
Test ID: 4526
Test status: Passed
3.15.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles using user defined "n" - eigen
mode frequency - (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276).
336
3.16 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.3 - Wind
- Example C)
Test ID: 4523
Test status: Passed
3.16.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-4/NA).
3.17 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (VT : 3.4 Snow - Example A)
Test ID: 4518
Test status: Passed
3.17.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-3/NA)
3.18 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.1 - Wind
- Example A)
Test ID: 4520
Test status: Passed
3.18.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-4/NA).
3.19 EC1: Verifying the wind loads generated on a building with protruding roof (TTAD #12071,
#12278)
Test ID: 4510
Test status: Passed
3.19.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with protruding roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. Verifies the wind loads from both directions and generates the "Description of climatic loads" report.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R2*3 cross section and B20 material) and rigid supports.
3.20 EC1: generating wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and
automatic calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276)
Test ID: 4525
Test status: Passed
3.20.1 Description
Generates the wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles, using automatic calculation
of "n" - eigen mode frequency (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA). The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 French standards.
337
3.21 EC1: Verifying the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. (TTAD #12233)
Test ID: 4478
Test status: Passed
3.21.1 Description
Verifies the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 French standard.
3.22 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building. (TTAD #13663)
Test ID: 6196
Test status: Passed
3.22.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.23 EC1: snow load generation on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees according to Czech national
annex. (TTAD #14235)
Test ID: 6185
Test status: Passed
3.23.1 Description
Generates snow load on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees, according to the Eurocodes 1 - Czech standard.
3.24 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height
(TTAD 13159)
Test ID: 6187
Test status: Passed
3.24.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is higher than the other and the slopes have opposite sign. Exceptional snow
falls and accumulations are checked.
3.25 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14179)
Test ID: 6184
Test status: Passed
3.25.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
338
3.26 EC1: wind load generation on multibay canopies (TTAD #11668)

Test ID: 6164
Test status: Passed
3.26.1 Description
Generates wind loads on multibay canopies, according to the Eurocodes 1 France.
3.27 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13671)
Test ID: 6167
Test status: Passed
3.27.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.28 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto (TTAD #12823)
Test ID: 6165
Test status: Passed
3.28.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 slope building according to the Eurocodes 1 France standard using auto CsCd values
and CsCd min to 0.7.
3.29 EC1: generating wind loads on a canopy according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard. (TTAD
#13855)
Test ID: 6171
Test status: Passed
3.29.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a canopy, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) only for
selected wind directions.
3.30 EC1: Generating wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with parapets. (TTAD #13672)
Test ID: 6169
Test status: Passed
3.30.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the
339
3.31 EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with parapets. (TTAD #12494)
Test ID: 6175
Test status: Passed
3.31.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a model which contains 4 slopes with lateral parapets on X+/- direction, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies also the valley accumulation.
3.32 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with double slope roof using different
parameters defined per directions (DEV2013#4.2)
Test ID: 5561
Test status: Passed
3.32.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 FR standard using
different parameters defined per directions.
The structure is 22m high, has 4 columns and 7 beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), rigid supports
and a double slope roof.
3.33 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds (TTAD #13286)
Test ID: 6177
Test status: Passed
3.33.1 Description
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies the normal and accidental snow loads on Y+/- wind directions.
3.34 EC1: snow load generation on compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof
volume (TTAD #13559)
Test ID: 6166
Test status: Passed
3.34.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a metal based compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof volume
according to the Eurocodes 1 France.
3.35 EC1: generating wind loads on a 35m high structure according to Eurocodes 1 - French
standard with CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15. (TTAD #11196)
Test ID: 6170
Test status: Passed
3.35.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the roof a 35m high structure, according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA) with CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
340
3.36 EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with gutters building. (TTAD #13856)
Test ID: 6174
Test status: Passed
3.36.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies also the valley accumulation.
3.37 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets (TTAD
#13992)
Test ID: 6179
Test status: Passed
3.37.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is much higher than the other and has the slope < 15
degrees causing the drifted snow to dissipate.
3.38 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame.(TTAD #13169)

Test ID: 6178
Test status: Passed
3.38.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-3/NA).
3.39 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13669)
Test ID: 6168
Test status: Passed
3.39.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slope building with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
3.40 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height. (TTAD #13759)
Test ID: 6172
Test status: Passed
3.40.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height to 26m, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
341
3.41 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with custom pressure values. (TTAD
#14004)
Test ID: 6176
Test status: Passed
3.41.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
It verifies the accidental accumulation from exceptional drifted snow when other region is selected.
3.42 EC1: snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to Romanian national annex.
(TTAD #13930s)
Test ID: 6183
Test status: Passed
3.42.1 Description
Generates snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to the Eurocodes 1 Romanian standard (CR 11-3/2012). 2 compounds are double sloped and one is single sloped. It also verifies parapet and valley
accumulations.
3.43 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets. (TTAD
#14005)
Test ID: 6181
Test status: Passed
3.43.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
3.44 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an multibay canopy roof (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5595
Test status: Passed
3.44.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and a multibay canopy
roof.
3.45 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with one slope (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5593
Test status: Passed
3.45.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. The obstruction is
different for each direction: X+ 1; X- 0; Y+ 0.8 and Y- 1.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof with
one slope.
342
3.46 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof using UK annex
(DEV2013#4.1) (TTAD #12608)
Test ID: 5560
Test status: Passed
3.46.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 standard.
and horizontal roof.
3.47 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with double slope (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5594
Test status: Passed
3.47.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. The obstruction is
different for each direction: X+ 1; X- 0.9; Y+ 0.8 and Y- 0.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof
with double slope.
3.48 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with a horizontal roof using different CsCd
values for each direction (DEV2013#4.4)
Test ID: 5596
Test status: Passed
3.48.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 France standard using
different CsCd values for each direction : X+ auto; X- imposed to 0.9; Y+ auto and Y- no.
and a horizontal roof.
3.49 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the
parapet height (TTAD #11943)
Test ID: 3706
Test status: Passed
3.49.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the parapet height, according to
Eurocodes 1 French standard.
343
3.50 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11687)
Test ID: 4055
Test status: Passed
3.50.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports.
3.51 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11531)
Test ID: 4090
Test status: Passed
3.51.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 French standards Martinique wind speed.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports, with rectangular cross
section (R20*30).
3.52 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11569)
Test ID: 4087
Test status: Passed
3.52.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
section (R20*30).
3.53 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11570)
Test ID: 4086
Test status: Passed
3.53.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
section (R20*30).
344
3.54 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11699)
Test ID: 4085
Test status: Passed
3.54.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame according to Eurocodes 1 French standards, using the "Case 1"
formula for calculating the turbulence factor.
The structure consists of steel elements with hinge rigid supports.
3.55 Generating the description of climatic loads report according to EC1 Romanian standards
(TTAD #11688)
Test ID: 4104
Test status: Passed
3.55.1 Description
Generates the "Description of climatic loads" report according to EC1 Romanian standards.
The model consists of a steel portal frame with rigid fixed supports. Haunches are defined at both ends of the beams.
Dead loads and SR EN 1991-1-4/NB wind loads are generated.
3.56 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls (TTAD
#11937)
Test ID: 3705
Test status: Passed
3.56.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls, according to the Eurocodes 1
French standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with rigid fixed supports.
3.57 EC1: verifying the snow loads generated on a monopitch frame (TTAD #11302)
Test ID: 3713
Test status: Passed
3.57.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a monopitch frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and B20 material) with rigid fixed supports.
345
3.58 EC1: generating wind loads on a 55m high structure according to German standards (DIN EN
1991-1-4/NA) (DEV2012 #3.12)
Test ID: 3618
Test status: Passed
3.58.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 55m high structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German standards.
3.59 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter (TTAD #11113)
Test ID: 3603
Test status: Passed
3.59.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter, according to Eurocodes 1. The
structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports.
3.60 EC1: generating snow loads on duopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN
EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3613
Test status: Passed
3.60.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of duopitch multispan roofs structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German
standards.
3.61 EC1: snow on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and parapet with height reduction (TTAD
#11191)
Test ID: 3605
Test status: Passed
3.61.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and 2 parapets, according to
Eurocodes 1. The height of one parapet is reduced.
346
3.62 EC1: generating snow loads on monopitch multispan roofs according to German standards
(DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3614
Test status: Passed
3.62.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a monopitch multispan roofs structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German
standards.
3.63 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame according to Czech standards
(CSN EN 1991-1-4) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3621
Test status: Passed
3.63.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a double slope 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 Czech
standard (CSN EN 1991-1-4).
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
3.64 EC1: generating snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to
German standards (DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3615
Test status: Passed
3.64.1 Description
Generates snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to Eurocodes 1 German standards.
3.65 EC1: generating snow loads on two close roofs with different heights according to Czech
standards (CSN EN 1991-1-3) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3623
Test status: Passed
3.65.1 Description
Generates snow loads on two close roofs with different heights, according to Eurocodes 1 Czech standards.
347
3.66 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter (TTAD
#11113)
Test ID: 3604
Test status: Passed
3.66.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter, according to Eurocodes 1.
3.67 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m)
and a parapet (TTAD #11735)
Test ID: 3606
Test status: Passed
3.67.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m) and a
parapet, according to Eurocodes 1.
3.68 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame with a fully opened face
(DEV2012 #1.6)
Test ID: 3535
Test status: Passed
3.68.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), a double slope roof and
a fully opened face.
3.69 EC1: generating wind loads on an isolated roof with two slopes (TTAD #11695)
Test ID: 3529
Test status: Passed
3.69.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof with
two slopes.
348
3.70 EC1: generating wind loads on duopitch multispan roofs with pitch < 5 degrees (TTAD #11852)
Test ID: 3530
Test status: Passed
3.70.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a steel structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has steel columns and beams (I cross section and S275 material), rigid hinge supports and multispan
roofs with pitch < 5 degrees.
3.71 EC1 NF: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11932)
Test ID: 3004
Test status: Passed
3.71.1 Description
Generates the wind loads on a concrete structure according to the French Eurocodes 1 standard.
The structure has a roof with two slopes, concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
The columns have rigid supports.
3.72 EC1: wind load generation on simple 3D portal frame with 4 slopes roof (TTAD #11604)
Test ID: 3104
Test status: Passed
3.72.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with 4 slopes roof, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has 6 concrete columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with rigid supports and C20/25
concrete walls.
3.73 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof
Test ID: 3101
Test status: Passed
3.73.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
and horizontal roof.
349
3.74 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal with Z down axis.
(TTAD #15094)
Test ID: 6206
Test status: Passed
3.74.1 Description
Generates 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA / 1991-1-3/NA), with Z down axis.
3.75 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height
(TTAD 13158)
Test ID: 6188
Test status: Passed
3.75.1 Description
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is higher than the other and the slopes have opposite sign. The model is
reversed in comparison with the one from 6187 and has only the exceptional snow fall is checked.
3.76 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14578)
Test ID: 6193
Test status: Passed
3.76.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets on Y+/- sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
3.77 EC1: Generating snow loads on a custom multiple slope building. (TTAD #14285)
Test ID: 6197
Test status: Passed
3.77.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.78 EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal. (TTAD #14975)
Test ID: 6203
Test status: Passed
3.78.1 Description
Verifies the generation of 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal.
350
3.79 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope
compound. (TTAD #15047)
Test ID: 6205
Test status: Passed
3.79.1 Description
Generates 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope compound, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA / 1991-1-3/NA).
3.80 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 3 compound building. (TTAD #13190)

Test ID: 6211
Test status: Passed
3.80.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 compound building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA).
3.81 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope portal. (TTAD #14531)

Test ID: 6194
Test status: Passed
3.81.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a 2 slope portal, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.82 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto according to Romanian national
annex. (TTAD #13930w)
Test ID: 6182
Test status: Passed
3.82.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 compound building according to the Eurocodes 1 Romanian standard (CR 1-1-4/2012)
using auto CsCd values and CsCd min to 0.7. 2 compounds are double sloped and one is single sloped.
3.83 EC1: snow load generation on double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides.(TTAD
#13717)
Test ID: 6186
Test status: Passed
3.83.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a metal based double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides, according to the
Eurocodes 1 France. One compound is a double-roof volume and the second is a single-roof volume with the same
slope as the one it is next to.
351
3.84 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a multiple roof portal. (TTAD #15140)
Test ID: 6208
Test status: Passed
3.84.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a one slope compound next to a higher double slope compound, according to the
3.85 EC1: Generating wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees. (TTAD #15307)
Test ID: 6217
Test status: Passed
3.85.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN
1991-1-4/NA).
3.86 EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet. (TTAD #14530)
Test ID: 6195
Test status: Passed
3.86.1 Description
Generates 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
3.87 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof. (TTAD #14985)
Test ID: 6204
Test status: Passed
3.87.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA). The depth for one slope is set to 20m and for the other to 40m.
3.88 EC1: wind load generation on a signboard

Test ID: 3107
Test status: Passed
3.88.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwall of a concrete signboard, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
The signboard has concrete elements (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
352
3.89 EC1: wind load generation on a building with multispan roofs

Test ID: 3106
Test status: Passed
3.89.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with multispan roofs, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
3.90 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other. (TTAD
#13320)
Test ID: 6212
Test status: Passed
3.90.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.91 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening. (TTAD #15328)
Test ID: 6216
Test status: Passed
3.91.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.92 EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11602)
Test ID: 3103
Test status: Passed
3.92.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with 2 slopes roof, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
3.93 EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D structure with horizontal roof
Test ID: 3099
Test status: Passed
3.93.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and horizontal roof.
353
4 Combinations
4.1
Generating combinations (TTAD #11673)

Test ID: 3471
Test status: Passed
4.1.1
Description
Generates concomitance between three types of loads applied on a structure (live loads, dead loads and seismic
loads - EN 1998-1), using the quadratic combination function. Generates the combinations description report and the
point support actions by element report.
4.2
Generating load combinations after changing the load case number (TTAD #11359)
Test ID: 3756
Test status: Passed
4.2.1
Description
Generates load combinations with concomitance matrix after changing the load case number. A report with the
combinations description is generated.
4.3
Generating load combinations with unfavorable and favorable/unfavorable predominant action

(TTAD #11357)
Test ID: 3751
Test status: Passed
4.3.1
Description
Generates load combinations with unfavorable and favorable/unfavorable predominant action. Predominant action is
a case family with 2 static load cases.
4.4
Generating combinations for NEWEC8.cbn (TTAD #11431)

Test ID: 3746
Test status: Passed
4.4.1
Description
Generates combinations for NEWEC8.cbn.
4.5
Defining concomitance rules for two case families (TTAD #11355)

Test ID: 3749
Test status: Passed
4.5.1
Description
Generates live loads and dead loads on a steel structure. Defines the concomitance rules between the two load case
families and generates the concomitance matrix.
356
4.6
Generating the concomitance matrix after adding a new dead load case (TTAD #11361)
Test ID: 3766
Test status: Passed
4.6.1
Description
Creates a new dead load case, after two case families were created, and generates the concomitance matrix. A
report with the combinations description is generated.
4.7
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no. 5 (DEV2012 #1.7)

Test ID: 4394
Test status: Passed
4.7.1
Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - E (Base) - only one seismic load !
Set value "0" (exclusive) between seismic and all Q loads (seism only combination).
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.8
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.9 (DEV2012 #1.7)

Test ID: 4408
Test status: Passed
4.8.1
Description
Generates loads:
3 - E Group (Base)
3 - EX
4 - EY
5 - EZ
Un-group 3 - E Group to independent loads : 3 - EX 4 - EY 5 - EZ
357
4.9
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.6 (DEV2012 #1.7)

Test ID: 4397
Test status: Passed
4.9.1
Description
Generates loads:
3 - E (Base) - only one seismic load
4.10 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.4 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4391
Test status: Passed
4.10.1 Description
Generates loads:
2 - Q (Base)
4 - Q (Base)
Test ID: 4407
Test status: Passed
4.11.1 Description
Generates loads:
2 - Q Group(Base or Acco)
2-Q
3-Q
4-Q
6 - Snow (Base or Acco)
Un-group 2-Q Group to independent 2-Q, 3-Q, 4-Q loads.
358
Test ID: 4386
Test status: Passed
4.12.1 Description
Generates loads:
Test ID: 4409
Test status: Passed
4.13.1 Description
Generates loads:
3 - E Group (Base)
3 - EX
4 - EY
5 - EZ
Defines the seismic group type as "Quadratic".
Generates the corresponding combinations and the combinations report.
Resets the combination set. Defines the seismic group type as "Newmark".
Generates the corresponding combinations and the combinations report.
Test ID: 4405
Test status: Passed
4.14.1 Description
Creates loads:
4 - Q (Acco)
5 - Acc (Base)
359
4.15 Generating a set of combinations with Q group of loads (TTAD #11960)

Test ID: 4353
Test status: Passed
4.15.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with Q group of loads.
Test ID: 4384
Test status: Passed
4.16.1 Description
Generates loads:
3 - Q (Base)
4.17 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.1 (DEV2010#1.7)

Test ID: 4382
Test status: Passed
4.17.1 Description
Generates loads:
3 - Q (Acco)
4.18 Generating a set of combinations with seismic group of loads (TTAD #11889)
Test ID: 4350
Test status: Passed
4.18.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with seismic group of loads.
360
4.19 Generating a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types (TTAD #11806)
Test ID: 4357
Test status: Passed
4.19.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types
1-G
2 - Q - Base
3-G
4 - Q -Base or acco
Generates the first set of combinations and the first combinations report.
1-G
2 - Q - Base
3-G
4 - Q -Base
Generates the second set of combinations and the second combinations report.
4.20 Generating the concomitance matrix after switching back the effect for live load (TTAD #11806)
Test ID: 4219
Test status: Passed
4.20.1 Description
Generates the concomitance matrix and the combinations description reports after switching back the effect for live
load.
4.21 Verifying combinations for CZ localization (TTAD #12542)

Test ID: 4550
Test status: Passed
4.21.1 Description
Verifies simplified combinations for CZ localization.
361
5 Concrete Design
5.1
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - horizontal
level behavior law
Test ID: 4557
Test status: Passed
5.1.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under self-weight and linear loads - horizontal level behavior
law. The verification is made according to EC2 norm with French Annex.
5.2
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - bilinear
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4541
Test status: Passed
5.2.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a simply supported beam under a linear load - bilinear stress-strain
diagram.
Verification is done according to Eurocodes 2 norm with French Annex.
5.3
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load
Test ID: 4519
Test status: Passed
5.3.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load (horizontal level behavior law).
Verification is done with Eurocodes 2 norm French Annex.
5.4
Modifying the "Design experts" properties for concrete linear elements (TTAD #12498)
Test ID: 4542
Test status: Passed
5.4.1
Description
Defines the "Design experts" properties for a concrete (EC2) linear element in analysis model and verifies properties
from descriptive model.
5.5
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads
Test ID: 4527
Test status: Passed
5.5.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads (applied at the middle of the beam).
The verification is performed according to EC2 norm with French Annex.
364
5.6
EC2: Verifying the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported beam
Test ID: 4517
Test status: Passed
5.6.1
Description
Verifies the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported concrete beam subjected to self weight. The
verification is made with Eurocodes 2 - French annex.
5.7
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined
stress strain behavior law
Test ID: 4522
Test status: Passed
5.7.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined stress strain behavior law.
Verification is done according to Eurocodes 2 norm with French Annex.
365
5.8
EC2 Test 1: Verifying a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist
simple bending - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4969
Test status: Passed
5.8.1
Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses will be made along with the determination of the longitudinal
reinforcement and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.8.2
Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
5.8.2.1
Model description
Reference: Guide de validation Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1-2002;

The following load cases and load combination are used:
Loadings from the structure: G = 15 kN/m + dead load,

Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 20kN/m,
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Quasi-permanent combination of actions: CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
Simply supported beam
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
366
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.15 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4cm

Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.524m; d=ebz=0.04m
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Exposure class XC1

Concrete density: 25kN/m3
Stress-strain law for reinforcement: Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Cracking calculation required
Concrete C25/30: fcd =
fck 25
= 16,67MPa
=
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at start point (x=0) restrained in translation along X, Y and Z,
Support at end point (x = 5.83) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(15+3.75)+1.5*20=55.31kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=15+3.75+0.3*20=24.75kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
55,31 * 5,80
= 232,59kN .m
8
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN .m
8
367
5.8.2.2
Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
Due to exposure class XC1, and 500Mpa steel resistance, we will consider a moment limit:
Calculating the reduced moment we will consider ULS moment:
because
there is no compressed reinforcement
Reference reinforcement calculation:

The calculation of the reinforcement is detailed below:
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.524m

Calculation of reduced moment:
M Ed
0,233
=
= 0,203
bw * d * f cd 0,25 * 0,524 * 16,67
cu =
cu = 0.203 < lu = 0.285
Calculation of the lever arm zc:
zc = d * (1 0,4 u ) = 0,524 * (1 0,4 * 0,287) = 0,464m
Calculation of the reinforcement area:
Au =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 11,55 * 10 4 m = 11,55cm
zc * f yd 0,464 * 434,78
Reference solution for minimal reinforcement area

The minimum percentage for a rectangular beam in pure bending is:
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 9.2.1.1(1); Note 2

Where:
fct,eff = fctm = 2.56MPa from cracking conditions
Therefore:
2.56
* 0.25 * 0.524 = 1.76.10 4 m

0.26
= 1.76cm
A s,min = Max
500
0.0013 * 0.25 * 0.524 = 1.70.10 4 m
368
Linear element: S beam,

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
ULS and SLS load combinations(kNm)

Simply supported beam subjected to bending
ULS (reference value: 232.59kNm)
SLS (reference value: 162.94kNm)
Theoretical reinforcement area(cm2)

(reference value: 11.55cm2)
Minimum reinforcement area(cm2)

369
5.8.2.3
Reference results
Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
My corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) [kNm]
232.59 kNm
My,SLS
My corresponding to the 102 combination (SLS) [kNm]
162.94 kNm
Az
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm2]
11.55 cm2
Amin
Minimum reinforcement area [cm2]
1.76 cm2
5.8.3
Result name
My
Calculated results
Result description
My USL
Value
-232.578 kN*m
Error
0.0052 %
My
My SLS cq
-162.936 kN*m
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-11.5329 cm
0.1481 %
Amin
Amin
-1.74725 cm
0.7244 %
370
5.9
EC2 Test 5: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear

Test ID: 4978
Test status: Passed
5.9.1
Description
Verifies a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram.
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az.
The objective is to verify:
- The stresses results
- The theoretical reinforcement area results
5.9.2
Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.9.2.1
Model description

Loadings from the structure: G = 52.3 kN/m
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The calculation is made considering bilinear stress-strain diagram

The stresses results

The theoretical reinforcement area results
371
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam length: 7m
Concrete cover: c=3.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.595 m; d=ebz=0.035m
Rectangular solid concrete C16/20 and S400B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
Exposure class XC1

3
Concrete density: 16kN/m
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class A
Concrete C16/20:
f cd =
f ck
16
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
2/3
= 0.30 * 16 2 / 3 = 1.90MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
400
= 347.8MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 7) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*352.3+1.5*13=90.105kN/ml
372
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=52.3+13=65.3kN/ml

Load calculations:
5.9.2.2
M Ed =
70.105 * 7
= 551.89kNm
8
M Ecq =
65.3 * 7
= 399.96kNm
8
Reference results in calculating the concrete beam moment
At first, it will be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section only:
h
0,10
Mbtu = beff * hf * d f * fcd = 0,9 * 0,10 * 0,595

* 10,67 = 523kNm
2
2
Comparing Mbtu with MEd:
M btu = 523kNm < M Ed = 551.89kNm

Therefore the concrete section is not entirely compressed;
Therefore, calculations considering the T section are required.
5.9.2.3
Theoretical section 2:
The moment corresponding to this section is:
hf
M Ed 2 = (beff bw ) * h f * f cd * d
2
= 0.418MNm
0.1
= (0.9 0.18) * 0.1*10.67 * 0595

=
2
According to this value, the steel section is:
A2 =
M Ed 2
0.418
=
= 22.08cm
0.1
hf
d * f yd 0.595
* 347.8
2
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section
M Ed 1 = M Ed M Ed 2 = 0.552 0.418 = 133kNm

cu =
M Ed 1
0.133
=
= 0.197
bw * d * Fcd 0.18 * 0.595 * 10.67
For a S400B reinforcement and for a XC1 exposure class, there will be a:
compressed reinforcement.
There will be a calculation without compressed reinforcement:
cu < lu = 0.372 ,
therefore there will be no
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.197 ) = 0.276

zc1 = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.595 * (1 0.40 * 0.276) = 0.529m
A1 =
M Ed 1
0.133
=
= 7.25cm
z c1 * f yd 0.529 * 347.8
373
In conclusion the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=7.25+22.08=29.33cm2

8 nodes,
1 linear element.

ULS (reference value: 552kNm)

For Class B reinforcement steel ductility (reference value: A=29.33cm2)
5.9.2.4
Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
552 kNm
Az (Class B)
29.33 cm2
5.9.3
Result name
My
Az
374
Reference results
Calculated results
Result description
My ULS
Az
Value
-551.893 kN*m
Error
-0.0005 %
-29.3334 cm
-0.0116 %
5.10 EC2 Test 3: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load,
with compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4976
Test status: Passed
5.10.1 Description
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
- The longitudinal reinforcement
- The verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage
5.10.2 Background

The following load cases and load combinations are used:
Loadings from the structure: G = 70 kN/m,



The longitudinal reinforcement
The verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage
375
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 1.25 m,
Width: b = 0.65 m,
Length: L = 14 m,
2
Concrete cover: c = 4.50 cm
Effective height: d = h-(0.6*h+ebz) = 1.130 m; d = ebz = 0.045m
Exposure class XD1

3
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 14) restrained in translation along Z.

Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*70+1.5*80=214.5*103 N/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=70+80=150*103 N/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=70+0.3*80=94*103 N/ml
376
Load calculations:
MEd =
214.5 * 14
= 5.255 * 10 6 Nm
8
MEcq = 150
150 * 14
= 3.675 * 10 6 Nm
8
94 * 14
= 2.303 * 10 6 Nm
8
MEqp =
5.10.2.2 Reference results in calculating the equivalent coefficient

To determine the equivalence coefficient, we must first estimate the creep coefficient, related to elastic deformation at
28 days and 50% humidity:
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 )
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.2
( fcm ) =
16.8
fcm
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925
( t 0 ) =
1
0.1 +
t 00.20
1
0.1 + 28 0.20
= 0.488 at t0=28 days

The value of the RH coefficient depends of the concrete quality:
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.3a
1 = 2 = 1
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
fcm 35MPa
if
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.8c
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa 1 = 2 = 1
In our case we have:
2 * Ac
2 * 650 * 1250
h0 =
=
= 427.63mm
u
2 * (650 + 1250)
50
100
= 1+
= 1.66
0.1 * 3 427.63
1
RH
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 ) = 1.66 * 2.925 * 0.488 = 2.375
The coefficient of equivalence is determined by the following formula:
Es
E cm
e =
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
Defined earlier:
M Ecar = 3675 * 103 Nm

M Eqp = 2303 * 103 Nm
377
This gives:
200000
31476
e =
1 + 2.70 *
= 15.82
2303 * 10 3
3975 * 10 3
5.10.2.3 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
For the calculation of steel ULS, we consider the moment reduced limit of
lu = 0.372
for a steel grade 500Mpa.
Therefore, make sure to enable the option "limit (0.372 / S 500) " in Advance Design.
Reference reinforcement calculation at SLU:
Effective height: d=0.9*h=1.125 m

M Ed
5255.25 * 103 Nm
cu =
=
= 0,383
bw * d * f cd 0,65m * 1.125 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
cu = 0.383 < lu = 0.372
therefore the compressed reinforced must be resized and then the concrete section
must be adjusted.
Calculation of the tension steel section (Section A1):
The calculation of tensioned steel section must be conducted with the corresponding moment of
M Ed 1 = lu * bw * d * f cd = 0.372 * 0.65 * 1.125 * 16.67 = 5.10 * 106 Nm
The value: lu = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * lu ) = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.372) = 0.618
Calculation of the lever arm zc: z lu = d * (1 0.4 * lu ) = 1.130 * (1 0.4 * 0.618) = 0.851m
M Ed 1
5.10 * 106 Nm
=
= 137.35cm
A1 =
zlu . f yd 0.851m * 434.78MPa
Compressed steel reinforcement reduction (Section As2):
Reduction coefficient:
sc =
3,5
3 .5
(0.618 *1.130 0.045) = 0.00327
( lu * d d ' ) =
1000 * lu * d
1000 * 0.618 * 1.130
sc = 0.00327 > yd = 0.00217 sc = f yd = 434.78MPa

Compressed reinforcement calculation:
As 2 =
M Ed M Ed 1
5.255 5.15
=
= 2.32cm
(d d ' ) sc
(1.130 0.045) 434.78
The steel reinforcement condition:
A2 = As 2 .
378
sc
f yd
= 2.32cm
Total area to be implemented:

In the lower part: As1=A1+A2=142.42 cm2
In the top part: As2=2.32 cm2
Reference reinforcement calculation at SLS:
The concrete beam design at SLS will be made considering a limitation of the characteristic compressive cylinder
strength of concrete at 28 days, at 0.6*fck
The assumptions are:
150 * 14
= 3.675 * 10 6 Nm
8
The SLS moment: MEcq = 150
The equivalence coefficient: e = 15.82
The stress on the concrete will be limited at 0.6*fck=15Mpa and the stress on steel at 0.8*fyk, or 400MPa
Calculation of the resistance moment MRd for detecting the presence of the compressed reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
e * c + s
Fc =
.d =
15.82 * 15
1.125 = 0.419m
15.82 * 15 + 400
1
1
* b w * x1 * c = * 0.65 * 0.419 15 = 2.04 * 10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.419
= 1.125
= 0.985m
3
3
Mrb = Fc * z c = 2.04 * 10 6 * 0.985 = 2.01 * 10 6 Nm

Therefore the compressed reinforced established earlier was correct.
Theoretical section 1 (tensioned reinforcement only)
M 1 = M rb = 2.01 * 106 Nm
1 =
x1 0.419
=
= 0.372
d 1.125
zc = d
A1 =
0.419
x1
= 1.125
= 0.985m
3
3
M1
2.01
=
= 51.01cm
zc s 0.985 400
Theoretical section 2 (compressed reinforcement and complementary tensioned reinforcement)
M 2 = M ser , cq M rb = (3.675 2.01) * 106 = 1.665 * 106 Nm

Compressed reinforcement stresses:
sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
1 * d
sc = 15.82 *15 *
0.372 * 1.125 0.045

= 211.78MPa
0.372 * 1.125
Compressed reinforcement area:
A' =
M2
1.645
=
= 71.92cm
(d d ' ) * sc (1.125 0.045) * 211.78
379
Complementary tensioned reinforcement area:
As = A' *
211.78
sc
= 71.92 *
= 38.08cm
400
s
Section area:
Tensioned reinforcement: 51.01+38.08=89.09 cm2
Compressed reinforcement: 71.92 cm2
Considering an envelope calculation of ULS and SLS, it will be obtained:
Tensioned reinforcement ULS: A=141.42cm2
Compressed reinforcement SLS: A=71.92cm2
To optimize the reinforcement area, it is preferable a third iteration by recalculating with SLS as a baseline amount of
tensioned reinforcement (after ULS: Au=141.44cm2)
Reference reinforcement additional iteration for calculation at SLS:
For this iteration the calculation will be started from the section of the tensioned reinforcement found when calculating
2
the SLS: Au=141.44cm .
For this particular value, it will be calculated the resistance obtained for tensioned reinforcement:
s =
89.18
AELS
s =
400 = 252 MPa
141.42
AELU
This is a SLS calculation, considering this limitation:

Calculating the moment resistance MRb for detecting the presence of compressed steel reinforcement:
x1 =
15.82 * 15
e * c
*d =
* 1.130 = 0.55m
15.82 * 15 + 252
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.65 * 0.55 *15 = 2.67 *106 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.55
= 0.94m
= 1.125
3
3
M rb = Fc * zc =
1
0.55
x 1
6
* bw * x1 * c * d 1 = * 0.65 * 0.55 * 15 * 1.125
= 2.52 * 10 Nm
2
3
2
3
According to the calculation above Mser,cq is grater then Mrb the compressed steel reinforcement is set.
M 1 = M rb = 2.52 * 106 Nm
1 =
x1 0.55
=
= 0.488
d 1.125
zc = d
A1 =
380
x1
0.548
= 1.125
= 0.94m
3
3
M1
2.52
=
= 106.38cm
zc s 0.94 252
M 2 = M ser , cq M rb = (3.675 2.52) * 106 = 1.155 * 106 Nm

sc = e * c *
1 *d d '
1 *d
sc = 15.82 *15 *
0.485 * 1.125 0.045

= 217.73MPa
0.485 * 1.125
A' =
1.155
M2
=
= 49.12cm
(d d ' ) * sc (1.125 0.045) * 217.73
As = A' *
sc
217.73
= 49.12 *
= 42.44cm
252
s
Section area:
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min

Where:
f ct ,eff = f ctm = 2.56MPa
from cracking conditions
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
* 0.65 * 1.125 = 9.73 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 9.73cm
500
0.0013 * 0.65 * 1.125 = 9.51 * 10 4 m

15 nodes,
1 linear element.
381

SLS Characteristic (reference value: 3675kNm)
SLS Quasi-permanent (reference value: 2303kNm)

(reference value: A=148.82cm2 A=49.12cm2)

382

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
5255 kNm
My,SLS,c
3675 kNm
My,SLS,q
2303 kNm
Az (A)
148.82 cm2
Tensioned theoretical reinforcement area [cm ]

2
9.73 cm2
Minimum reinforcement area [cm ]
Amin

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-5255.25 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS cq
-3675 kN*m
0.0000 %
My
My SLS pq
-2303 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-147.617 cm
-0.0590 %
Amin
Amin
9.79662 cm
0.1699 %
383
5.11 EC2 Test 44: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5213
Test status: Passed
5.11.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C30/37 subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class X0).
The verification of the bending stresses at ultimate limit state is performed.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal and transversal
reinforcement.
- Support at start point (x = 0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) fixed connection
5.11.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist eccentric loading. During
this test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal and transversal
reinforcement.

Loadings from the structure: G = 12 kN/m

The dead load is neglected

Units
Metric System
384
Geometry
Height: h = 0.30 m,
Width: b = 0.18 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.25m; ebz=0.035m
The load eccentricity will be considered of 0.50m
The load eccentricity will produce the following rotation moments:

Mx,G=6.00kNm
Mx,Q=1.50kNm
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at start point (x=0) fixed connection,
Support at end point (x = 5.00) fixed connection

Inner: None.
385
Reference results in calculating the concrete beam

The moment is defined by the following formulas:
TA = P * e *
b
3 3
= 0,5 * P * = P
a+b
5 10
TB = P * e *
a
2
1
= 0,5 * P * = P
a+b
5
5
Note: the diagram of bending moment is the same as the shear force multiplied by the eccentricity.
The ULS load calculation:
Pu = 1.35 * 12 + 1.5 * 3 = 20.70kN

Before the point of application of torque, the torque is:
TEd =
3
3
* Pu = * 20,7 = 6.21KNm
10
10
After the point of application of torque, the torque is:
TEd =
Pu 20.7
=
= 4.14 KNm
5
5
Result ADVANCE Design 2012 - Moment: (in kNm)

Reference value: 6.21 kNm and -4.14kNm
386
Calculation in pure bending
Bending moment at ULS:
Pu = 1,35 * 12 + 1,5 * 3 = 20,7 KN

M Ed =
6 * Pu 6 * 20,7
=
= 24,84 KNm = 0,0248MNm
5
5
Simple bending design:
0,0248
= 0,110
0,18 * 0.25 * 20
cu =
u = 1,25 * 1 1 2 * 0,110 = 0,146

zc = 0.25 * (1 0,4 * 0,146) = 0,235m
Au =
0,0248
= 2,43 * 10 4 m = 2,43cm
0,235 * 434,78
5.11.2.2 Torsion reinforcement

Torsion longitudinal reinforcement - Before application of the moment
Al =
TEd * uk
* cot
2 * Ak * f yd
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.3.2(3)
uk = 2 * ((b tef ) + (h tef ))

Ak = (b tef ) * (h tef )
with:
0.18 * 0.30
A
= max(0.07;0.05625) = 0.07m
tef = max 2 * c; = max 2 * 0.035;
2 * (0.18 + 0.3)
u
uk = 2 * ((18 7) + (30 7)) = 68cm = 0.68m

Ak = (18 7) * (30 7) = 253cm = 0.0253m
Al =
0.0062 * 0.68
= 1.92cm
2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
Torsion longitudinal reinforcement - After application of the moment
Al =
0.00414 * 0.68
= 1.28cm
2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
Torsion transversal reinforcement - Before application of the moment
AswT
TEd
0.0062
= 2.82cm / ml
=
=
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
387
Torsion transversal reinforcement - After application of the moment
AswT
TEd
0.00414
=
=
= 1.88cm / ml
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
Concrete verification:
Calculation of the maximum allowable stress under torsional moment:
TRd , max = 2 * v * cw * f cd * Ak * t ef ,i * sin * cos

v = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.528
250
TRd , max = 2 * 0.528 * 20 * 0.0253 * 0.07 * 0.70 * 0.70 = 0.018MN
Calculation of the maximum allowable stress under shear:
VRd , max = bw * z * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1 + cot
z = zc = 0.235m
(from the design in simple bending)
Vertical reinforcement:
cot = 1
30
= 0.528
v = 0,6 * 1
250
VRd , max = bw * zc * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1
= 0.18 * 0.235 * 0.528 * 20 * = 0.223MN
1 + cot
2
Because of the combined shear/moment effect, it must be calculated:
TEd
TRd , max
VEd
1,0
VRd , max
0.0062 0.0124
+
= 0.400 1,0
0.018
0.223
388

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
ULS load combinations(kNm)

Longitudinal reinforcement (Al=1.92cm2 and Al=1.28cm2)
Transversal reinforcement (2.82cm2/ml and 1.88cm2/ml)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
2
Al,1
Longitudinal reinforcement for the first part [cm ]
1.92 cm2
Al,2
Longitudinal reinforcement for the second part [cm2]
1.28 cm2
Ator,y,1
Transversal reinforcement for the first part [cm /ml]
2.82 cm2/ml
Ator,y,2
Transversal reinforcement for the second part [cm2/ml]
1.88 cm2/ml

Result name
Al
Result description
Al,1
Value
1.91945 cm
Error
-0.0286 %
Al
Al,2
1.27964 cm
-0.0281 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y,1
2.82273 cm
0.0968 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y,2
1.88182 cm
0.0968 %
389
5.12 EC2 Test 45: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam supporting a balcony - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5225
Test status: Passed
5.12.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C25/30 supporting a balcony - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Verifies the column resistance to rotation moment along its length. During this test, the determination of stresses is
made along with the determination of the longitudinal and transversal reinforcement.
5.12.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist rotation moment along its
length. During this test, the calculation of stresses is performed, along with the calculation of the longitudinal and
transversal reinforcement.

The geometric dimension of the beam are:
390
Concrete type: C25/30

Reinforcement type: S500B
Exposure class: XC1
Balcony load: 1kN/m2
The weight of the beam will be considered in calculation
The beam is considered fixed at both ends
Concrete cover: 40mm
Beam length: 4.00m
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.75 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
2
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 4.00) fixed connection

Inner: None.
Reference results in calculating the concrete beam
The ULS load calculation:

The first step of the calculation is to determine charges transmitted to the beam:
Vertical loads applied to the beam (kN/ml) from the load distribution over the balcony
Rotation moment applied to the beam (kN/ml) from the load distribution over the balcony
Each action (self-weight and distributed load) is determined by summing the resulting vertical loads along the eaves
and the torsional moment by multiplying the resultant by the corresponding lever arm.
CAUTION, different lever arm must be considered from the center of the beam (by adding therefore the half-width).
The results are displayed in the table below:
391
Load calculation:
From previously calculated results, the following stresses can be determined:
VEd
Shear:
Bending moment:
Torque:
M Ed
TEd
Shear and bending moment:

One can determine the load at ULS taken over by the beam:
Pu = 1,35 * 13.44 + 1,5 * 2 = 21.14 KN / m

For a beam fixed on both ends, the following values will be obtained:
Maximum shear (ULS):
VEd =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
= 42,3KN = 0,042 MN
=
2
2
Bending moment at the supports:
M Ed =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
=
= 28,2 KNm = 0,028MNm
12
12
Maximum Moment at middle of span:
M Ed =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
=
= 14,1KNm = 0,014 MNm
24
24
Torsion moment:
For a beam subjected to a torque constant:
mtu = 1,35 * 8,59 + 1,5 * 2,25 = 14,97 KNm / m = 0,015MNm / m
TEd = mtu *
392
l
4
= 0,015 * = 0,03MNm
2
2
5.12.2.2 Bending rebar

Span reinforcement (at bottom fiber)
cu =
0,014
= 0,007
0,25 * 0.70 * 16.67
u = 1,25 * 1 1 2 * 0,007 = 0,0088

zc = 0.70 * (1 0,4 * 0,0088) = 0,697m
Au =
0,014
= 4.62 * 10 4 m = 0.46cm
0,697 * 434,78
Minimum reinforcement percentage verification:
As , min
Cracking matrix required (calculation hypothesis):
As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
f ct , eff = f ctm = 2.56Mpa
f ct , eff
2.56
* bw * d = 0.26 *
* 0.25 * 0.70 = 2.27cm
0.26 *
= Max
= 2.27cm
500
f yk
0.0013 * bw * d = 0.0013 * 0.25 * 0.70 = 2.27cm
Therefore, it retains 2.27 cm .

Reinforcement on supports (at top fiber)
cu =
0,028
= 0,014
0,25 * 0.70 * 16.67
u = 1,25 * 1 1 2 * 0,014 = 0,018

zc = 0.70 * (1 0,4 * 0,018) = 0,695m
Au =
0,028
= 9.27 * 10 4 m = 0.93cm
0,695 * 434,78
It also retains 2.27 cm (minimum percentage).

Shear reinforcement
VEd = 0,042MN
The transmission to the support is not direct; it is considered a connecting rod inclined by 45, therefore
cot = 1
Concrete rod verification:
VRd , max = bw * z * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1 + cot
z = zc = 0.695m (from the design in simple bending of support)
393
Vertical frames:
25
v = 0,6 * 1
= 0.54
250
VRd , max = bw * zc * v * f cd *
VRd , max =
cot + cot bw * zc * v * f cd 0.25 * 0.695 * 0.54 * 16.67

=
=
= 0.78MN
1 + cot
2
tg + cot
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
VEd = 0.042MN < VRd , max = 0.78MN

Calculation of transverse reinforcement:
Asw VEd . * tg
0.042
=
=
= 1.39cm / ml
s
zu * f yd
0.695 * 434.78
(over shear)
From the minimum reinforcement percentage:
Asw
w,min .bw . sin
s
With:
w, min =
0,08 * f ck 0,08 * 25
=
= 0.0008
500
f yk
Asw
0.0008 * 0.25 = 2cm / ml
s
Therefore:
Asw
2cm / ml
s
Torsion calculation:
Torsion moment was calculated before:
394
TEd = 0,03MNm
Torsional shear stress:
t ,i =
TEd
2 * tef ,i * Ak
tef ,i
2 * c = 8cm
(
25
* 75)
A
= max =
= 9.375cm = 9.375cm
u 2(25 + 75)
Ak = (25 9.375) * (75 9.375) = 1025cm = 0.1025m

t,i =
TEd
0.03
=
= 1.56Mpa
2 * t ef ,i * A k
2 * 0.09375 * 0.1025
Concrete verification:
Calculate the maximum allowable stress in the rods:
TRd ,max = 2 * v * cw * f cd * Ak * tef ,i * sin * cos

v = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.54
250
TRd , max = 2 * 0.54 * 16.67 * 0.1025 * 0.09375 * 0.70 * 0.70 = 0.085MN
Because of the combined share/moment effect, we must calculate:
TEd
TRd , max
VEd
1,0
VRd , max
0.03 0.042
+
= 0.399 1,0
0.085 0.78
Torsion longitudinal reinforcement
Al =
TEd * uk
* cot
2 * Ak * f yd
uk = 2 * [(b tef ) + (h tef )] = 2 * [(25 9.375) + (75 9.375)] = 162.5cm = 1.625m
Al =
0.03 * 1.625
= 5.47cm
2 * 0.1025 * 434.78
Torsion transversal reinforcement
AswT
TEd
0.03
=
=
= 3.36cm / ml
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.1025 * 434.78
Therefore
AswT
3,36cm / ml for each face.
sT
395

11 nodes,
1 linear element.

Torsional moment (Ted=29.96kNm)
Longitudinal reinforcement (5.46cm2)
2
Transversal reinforcement (3.36cm /ml)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Mx
Torsional moment [kNm]
29.96 cm2
Al
Longitudinal reinforcement [cm2]
5.46 cm2
Ator,y
3.36 cm2/ml
Transversal reinforcement [cm /ml]

Result name
Mx
Result description
Mx
Value
29.9565 kN*m
Error
-0.1450 %
Al
Al
5.4595 cm
-0.1920 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y/face
3.35969 cm
-0.0092 %
396
5.13 EC2 Test 43: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small rotation moment and
significant compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5211
Test status: Passed
5.13.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a small rotation
moment and significant compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1).
The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
Nominal curvature method.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.13.2 Background
The calculation is based on the nominal curvature method.
Verify the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal curvature method, and then

Loadings from the structure:
150 kN axial force
15 kMm rotation moment applied to the column top (about y axis)
the self-weight is neglected

Exploitation loadings:
100 kN axial force
7 kNm rotation moment applied to the column top (about y axis)

Concrete cover 3 cm (on local y axis) and 5cm (on local z axis)
Transversal reinforcement spacing a = 40cm
Concrete C30/37
Steel reinforcement S500B
The column is considered isolated and braced
397
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm
Boundary conditions
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
NEd = 1.35 * 150 + 1.50 * 100 = 352.50kN = 0.353MN
MEd = 1.35 * 15 + 1.50 * 7 = 30.75kNm = 0.03075MNm
5.13.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete column

Geometric characteristics of the column:
The column has a fixed connection on the bottom end and it is free on the top end, therefore, the buckling length is
considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
398
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50
Effective creep coefficient calculation:

The creep coefficient is calculated using the next formula:
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M EQP
serviceability firs order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M Ed
ULS first order moment (including the geometric imperfections)
First order eccentricity evaluation:
e1 = e0 + ei
ei =
l0
11.60
=
= 0.029m
400
400
The first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
15 + 0.30 * 7
+ 0.029 = 0.124m
150 + 0.30 * 100
N Eqp1 = 150 + 0.30 * 100 = 180kN

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 180 * 0.124 = 22.32kNm = 0.02232MNm
The first order ULS moment is defined latter in this example (see chapter The first order eccentricity: stresses
correction):
M Ed 1 = 0.041MNm
The creep coefficient
(,t0 ) is defined as follows:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h0
f cm
35
> 35MPa therefore: 1 =

f cm
0 .7
(for t0= 28 days concrete age).
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
399
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
=
= 250mm RH
2 * (500 + 500 )
u
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
*
0
.
944
= 1 +
0.1 * 3 250
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.72 * 2.72 * 0.488 = 2.28

The effective creep coefficient calculation:
ef = (, t 0 )*
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.02232
= 1.24
0.041
The second order effects; The buckling calculation

For an isolated column, the slenderness limit check is done using the next formula:
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
0.353
N Ed
= 0.071
=
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.25 = 0.80
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
because the reinforcement ratio in not yet known
because the ratio of the first order moment is not known
20 * 0.80 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 46.24
0.071
= 80.37 > lim = 46.24

Therefore, the second order effects cannot be neglected.
Calculation of the eccentricities and solicitations corrected for ULS
The stresses for the ULS load combination are:
NEd= 1.35*150 + 1.50*100= 352.5kN = 0,3525 MN
MEd= 1.35*15 + 1.50*7= 352.5kN= 0.03075MNm
Therefore it must be determined:
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the stresses applied
The additional eccentricity considered for the geometrical imperfections

Initial eccentricity:
e0 =
M Ed 0.03075
=
= 0.087 m
0.353
N Ed
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
400
l0
11.6
=
= 0.029m
400 400
The first order eccentricity: stresses correction

For reinforced concrete section subjected to a combination of bending moment and compression, EN 1992-1-1
chapter 6.1 (4) recommends to consider the design value of bending moment at least M
= N Ed * e0 , where:
20mm
20mm
20mm
e0 = max h = max 500mm = max
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
In this case, the corrected forces used for the combined flexural calculations are:
N Ed = 0.353MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.087 + 0.029 = 0.116m

M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 0.116 * 0.353 = 0.041MNm
Reinforcement calculation in the first order effects
To apply the nominal curvature method, we need an initial reinforcement area to start from. For this, the concrete
section will be sized considering only the first order effect.
Advance Design calculation is different: it is iterating as many time as necessary starting from the minimum
percentage area.
The reinforcement is determined using a combined bending with compressive stress. The determined solicitations
were calculated from the center of gravity of the concrete section alone. Those stresses must be reduced to the
centroid of tensioned steel:
h
0.50
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.041 + 0.353 * 0.45

= 0.112MNm
2
2
Verification about the partially compressed section:
h
d
h
d
BC = 0.8 * * (1 0.4 * ) = 0.8 *

cu =
0.50
0.50
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.494
0.45
0.45
M ua
0.112
=
= 0.055
bw * d * f cd 0.50 * 0.45 * 20
cu = 0.055 < BC = 0.494
therefore the section is partially compressed
401
The calculation for the tensioned steel in pure bending:
cu = 0.055
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.055) = 0.071

z c = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.45 * (1 0.4 * 0.071) = 0.437m
M ua
0.112
=
= 5.89cm
z c * f yd 0.437 * 434.78
A =
The calculation for the compressed steel in bending:

For combined bending:
The minimum column percentage reinforcement must be considered:
Therefore a 5cm2 reinforcement area will be considered
5.13.2.3 Nominal curvature method (second order effects)

The curvature calculation:
Considering a reinforcement of 5cm (considered symmetric), one can determine the curvature from the following
formula:
1
1
= K r * K *
r0
r
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(1)
f yd
434.78
Es
1
=
=
= 200000 = 0.0107 m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * d ) 0.45 * 0.45
yd
Kr is the correction coefficient depending of the normal force:
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
n=
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.0706
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
5 * 104 * 434.78
=
= 0.0435
0.50 * 20
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.0435 = 1.0435
nbal = 0,4
402
1.0435 0.0706
= 1.51
1.0435 0.40
Kr =
Condition: K r
1 , therefore we consider: K r = 1
K creep coefficient: K = 1 + * ef 1
,
Therefore:
1
1
= K r * K * = 1 * 1 * 0.0107 = 0.0107 m 1
r
r0
Calculation moment:
The calculation of bending moment is defined by the following formula:
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
is moment of the first order including geometric imperfections.
is nominal moment of second order.
The 2nd order moment is calculated from the curvature:
M 2 = N Ed * e2
e2 =
1 l02
11.60
* = 0.0107 *
= 0.1799m
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to chapter 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force
at the top of column).
M 2 = N Ed * e2 = 0.353 * 0.1799 = 0.0635MNm
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2 = 0.041 + 0.0635 = 0.1045MNm

The reinforcement must be sized considering the demands of the second degree effects, as follows:
NEd = 0.353 MN
MEd = 0.1045 MNm
403
Reinforcement calculation according the second order effects:

The interaction diagram will be used.
The input parameters in the diagram are:
M Ed
0.1045
=
= 0.0418
2
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 2 * 20
According to the diagram, it will be obtained minimal percentage reinforcement:
As ,min =
0.10 * N Ed 0.10 * 0.353

=
= 0.81cm 0.002 * Ac = 5cm 2
f yd
434.78
404

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
Theoretical reinforcement area (cm2)

(reference value: Au = 5cm2)
Theoretical value (cm2)

(reference value: 5 cm2)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Amin
Reinforcement area [cm2]
5 cm2

Result name
Amin
Result description
Amin
Value
5 cm
Error
0.0000 %
405
5.14 EC2 Test 46 I: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5232
Test status: Passed
5.14.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section beam made of concrete C20/25 subjected to a normal force of traction - Inclined
stress-strain diagram (Class X0).
Tie sizing
Inclined stress-strain diagram
Determines the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, subjected to a normal force of traction.
The load combinations will produce the following efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kN
- Support at start point (x=0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked
5.14.2 Background
Tie sizing
Bilinear stress-strain diagram / Inclined stress-strain diagram
Verifies the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, C20/25, subjected to a normal force of traction.
Analysis type: static linear (plane workspace);

Loadings from the structure: Fx,G = 233.33 kN

The dead load is neglected
Exploitation loadings (category A): Fx,Q = 56.67kN

Units
Metric System
406
Geometry
Height: h = 0.15 m,
Width: b = 0.15 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Reinforcement S400, Class: B, ss=400MPa
Fck=20MPa
The load combinations will produce the following efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kN
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked

Inner: None.
5.14.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam

There will be two successive calculations, considering a bilinear stress-strain diagram constitutive law and then a
inclined stress-strain diagram constitutive law.
Calculations according a bilinear stress-strain diagram
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 11,50 * 10 4 m = 11,50cm
400
1.15
It will be used a 4HA20=A=12.57cm2

Calculations according a inclined stress-strain diagram
S 400 ClassB s ,U = 373MPa
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 10,72 * 10 4 m = 10,70cm
373
It can be seen that the gain is not negligible (about 7%).

Checking the condition of non-fragility:
As Ac *
f ctm
f yk
f ctm = 0.30 * f ck2 / 3 = 0.30 * 202 / 3 = 2,21MPa
Ac = 0.15 * 0.15 = 0.0225m

As Ac *
2.21
f ctm
= 0.0225 *
= 1.24cm
400
f yk
407

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
ULS load combinations (kNm)

In case of using the bilinear stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az=11.50cm2=2*5.75 cm2)
In case of using the inclined stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az=10.70cm2=2*5.35 cm2)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Az,1
Longitudinal reinforcement obtained using the bilinear stress-strain

diagram [cm2]
Longitudinal reinforcement obtained using the inclined stress-strain
diagram [cm2]
5.75 cm2
Az,2
5.37 cm2

Result name
Az
408
Result description
As,U - longitudinal reinforcement area when inclined
stress-strain diagram is used
Value
-5.36526 cm
Error
-0.0981 %
5.15 EC2 Test30: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5098
Test status: Passed
5.15.1 Description
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram and the moment diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
The beam model was provided by Bouygues.
5.15.2 Background
Concrete: C35/40
Reinforcement steel: S500B


The dead load will be represented by two linear loads of 23.50kN/m and 43.50kN/m
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25.00kN/m
Structural class: S3
Exposure class: XC1
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days:
409
Partial factor for concrete:

Relative humidity: RH=50%
Concrete age: t0=28days
Design value of concrete compressive strength: fcd=20 MPa
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ecm=33000 MPa
Concrete density:
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete: fctm=2.9 MPa
Final value of creep coefficient:
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement:

Steel ductility: Class B
K coefficient: k=1.08
Design yield strength of reinforcement:

Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel: Es=200000MPa
Steel density:
Characteristic strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load:
Strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load:
Slenderness ratio:
The shear stresses results

The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to a 6.4cm concrete cover
The transverse reinforcement corresponding to a 4.3cm concrete cover
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Length: L = 8.10 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =22.00
Boundary conditions
410
Outer:
Support at start point (x = 0) restrained in translation along X, Y and Z,
Support at end point (x = 10.00) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
Note: In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
5.15.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal reinforcement

For a 6.4 cm concrete cover and dinit=0.50m, the reference value will be 57.1 cm2:
For a 4.3 cm concrete cover and dinit=0.521, the reference value will be 54.3 cm2:
5.15.2.3 Reference results in calculating the transversal reinforcement
Asw VEd . * tg
=
s
zu * f ywd
Where:
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.521 = 0.469m

cot = 2.5 = 22
= 90
Asw VEd . * tg 0.589 * tg 22
=
=
= 11.67cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0.469 *
1,15
411
The minimum reinforcement percentage calculation:
0,08 * f ck
Asw
0,08 * 30
w, min * bw * sin =
* bw * sin =
* 0.80 * sin 90 = 7.01cm / ml
s
f yk
500
9 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm /ml)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My
1193.28 kNm
Fz
Fz corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) [kNm]
589.28 kN
2
Az(6.4cm cover)
Az longitudinal reinforcement corresp. to a 6.4cm cover [cm /ml]
57.07 cm2/ml
Az(4.3cm cover)
Az longitudinal reinforcement corresp. to a 4.3cm cover [cm2/ml]
54.28 cm2/ml
At,z,1
At,z transversal reinforcement for the beam end [cm2/ml]
11.68 cm2/ml
At,z,2
At,z transversal reinforcement for the middle of the beam [cm2/ml]
7.01 cm2/ml

Result name
My
Result description
My
Value
-1193.28 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz
-589.275 kN
0.0000 %
Az
Az 4.3cm cover
-54.2801 cm
0.0366 %
Atz
Atz beam end
11.6782 cm
0.0703 %
Atz
Atz middle
7.01085 cm
0.0121 %
412
5.16 EC2 Test 20: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XD1)
Test ID: 5034
Test status: Passed
5.16.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in concrete section
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section; the maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings
are verified.
5.16.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s; maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings.

Loadings from the structure: G = 30 kN/m (including the dead load)
Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 37.5 kN/m,


The compressing stresses in concrete section c
The compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s.
The maximum spacing of cracks
The crack opening
413
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=71cm;
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Exposure class XD1

The concrete age t0=28 days
Humidity RH=50%
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: fck = 25Mpa
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: f yk = 500Mpa
A st = 30.16cm for 3 beds of 5HA16
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 8) restrained in translation along Y and Z

Inner: None.
Loading
Load calculations:
M0Ed = 774 kNm
Mcar = 540 kNm
Mfq = 390 kNm
Mqp = 330 kNm
5.16.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
25 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
t0 : concrete age t0=28days
414
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
If
f cm 35Mpa ,
1 = 2 = 1
If not,
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
2 =
f cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 400 * 800
=
= 266.67 mm
2 * (400 + 800)
u
h0 =
RH
50
100
=1+
= 1.78 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.78 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.55
0.1 * 3 266.67
1

Under quasi-permanent combinations:
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 )
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
(, t0 ) = 2.55
e =
Es
200000
=
= 22.56
Ecm
31476
1 + (, t0 ) 1 + 2.55
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
bc = 0,6 f ck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
415
Neutral axis position calculation:

Neutral axis equation:
1
* b w * x1 A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) = 0
2
e * ( A sc + A st ) + e2 * ( A sc + A st ) + 2 * b w * e * (d'* A sc + d * A st )
x1 =
bw
By simplifying the previous equation, by considering

x1 =
=
e * A st + e2 * A st + 2 * b w * e * d * A st )
b
Asc = 0
, it will be obtained:
22.56 * 30.16 + 22.56 * 30.16 + 2 * 40 * 22.56 * 71 * 30.16

= 35 cm
40
Calculating the second moment:
b * x3
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
0.4 * 0.3503
=
+ 30,16 * 10 4 * 22.56 * (0.71 0.350) = 0.0145m4
3
Stresses calculation:
c =
0,330
M ser
* x1 =
* 0,350 = 7.96Mpa
0,0145
I
st = e * c *
0,71 0,350
d x1
= 22.56 * 7.96 *
= 184.7 Mpa s = 400 Mpa
0,350
x1
Maximum spacing of cracks:

Bottom reinforcement 3HA20+3HA16=15.46cm2
Ac , eff
2.5 * (h d )
2.5 * (0.8 0.71) = 0.255
(h x)
(0.8 0.350)
= b * min
=0.40 * min
= 0.15 = 0.4 * 0.15 = 0.06m 2
3
3
h
0
.8
= 0.4
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(2); Figure 7.1
p , eff =
As
30.16 * 104
=
= 0.0500
Ac , eff
0.06
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
eq =
= 16mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(3)
sr ,max = k3 * c +
416
0.425 * k1 * k 2 *
p ,eff
Where:
c=0.051m
25
k3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
25
= 3.4 *
51
2/3
= 2.113
Therefore:
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 2.113 * 0.051 +
0.425 * 0.8 * 0.5 * (16 * 103 )

= 162mm
0.050
Calculation of average strain:
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.41
Ecm
31187
s kt *
sm cm =
f ct ,eff
p ,eff
* (1 + e . p ,eff )
Es
184.71 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.41 * 0.050)
0.050
= 7.88 *10 4 0,6 * s = 5.54 *10 4
Es
200000

Calculation of crack widths:
wk = sr , max * ( sm cm ) = 0.162 * (7.88 104 ) = 0.128mm

For an exposure class XD1, using the French national annex, we retained an opening crack of 0.20mm max.
This criterion is satisfied.

11 nodes,
1 linear element.
417
SLS load combinations (kNm) and stresses (MPa)

ULS (reference value: MEd=774kNm)
SLS characteristic (reference value: Mser-cq=540kNm)
SLS quasi-permanent (reference value: Mser-qp=330kNm)
Compressing stresses in concrete section c-qp

(reference value: c-qp =7.96MPa )
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s-qp

(reference value: s-qp=185MPa)
418
Maximum cracking space Sr,max

(reference value: Sr,max=162mm)
Maximum crack opening Wk

(reference value: Wk=0.128mm)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
MEd
My corresponding to 102 combination (ULS) [kNm]
774 kNm
Mser-cq
My corresponding to104 combination (SLS) [kNm]
540 kNm
Mser-qp
My corresponding to 108 combination (SLS) [kNm]
330 kNm
Compressing stresses in concrete section c [MPa]
7.96 MPa
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s [MPa]
Sr,max
Maximum cracking space Sr,max [cm]
16.2 cm
Wk
Maximum crack opening Wk [cm]
0.0128 cm
185 Mpa

Result name
My
Result description
My ULS
Value
-774 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS cq
-540 kN*m
0.0000 %
My
My SLS qp
-330 kN*m
0.0000 %
Sc QP
Sc QP
7.76924 MPa
-2.3965 %
Ss QP
Ss QP
-181.698 MPa
1.6307 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
161.577 mm
-0.2611 %
wk
Wk
-0.125137 mm
2.2367 %
419
5.17 EC2 Test 26: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical
transversal reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5072
Test status: Passed
5.17.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. For the calculation, the reduced shear force values will be used.
5.17.2 Background
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area
of the shear reinforcement, Asw. For the calculation, the reduced shear force values will be used.
Concrete C25/30


The dead load will be represented by a linear load of 40kN/m
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25kN
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
420

The cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 5.75 m,
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.623m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =45
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam subjected to a point load, Pu, the shear stresses are defined by the formula below:
VEd =
Pu * l
2
According to EC2 the Pu point load is defined by the next formula:
Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*40kN+1.50*25kN=91.5kN
In this case :
VEd =
5.75 * 91.5
= 263KN
2
5.17.2.2 Reference results in calculating the lever arm zc:

The lever arm will be calculated from the design formula for pure bending:
Pu = 91.5kN / ml
M Ed =
cu =
91.5 * 5.75
= 378.15kNm
8
0.378
M Ed
=
= 0.167
bw * d * f cd 0.35 * 0.623 * 16.67
421
u = 1.25 * 1 1 2 * cu = 1.25 * 1 1 2 * 0.167 = 0.230

zc = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.623 * (1 0.4 * 0.230) = 0.566m
Calculation of reduced shear force
When the shear force curve has no discontinuities, the EC2 allows to consider, as a reduction, the shear force to a
horizontal axis
In case of a member subjected to a distributed load, the equation of the shear force is:
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
Therefore:
x = z * cot = 0.566 * cot 45 = 0.566m

VEd , red = 91.5 * 0.566 263 = 211kN
Warning: Advance Design does not apply the reduction of shear force corresponding to the distributed loads (cutting
edge at x = d).
Calculation of maximum design shear resistance:
VRd, max = cw * 1 * fcd * z u * b w *
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
Where:
cw = 1
coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
When the transverse frames are vertical, the above formula simplifies to:
v 1 * f cd * z u * b w
tg + cot
VRd,max =
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90
v1 strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear

25
f
= 0.54
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.623 = 0.56m
VRd , max =
0.54 * 16.67 * 0.566 * 0.35

= 0.891MN = 891kN
2
VEd = 236kN < VRd , max = 891kN
422
Calculation of transversal reinforcement:

Given the vertical transversal reinforcement ( = 90), the following formula is used:
Asw VEd . * tg 0,211 * tg 45

=
=
= 8,67cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0,566 *
1,15
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2

Result name
Result description
Fz
Reference value
2
8.67 cm2/ml
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm /ml]
At,z
263 kN

Result name
Fz
Atz
Result description
Fz
Atz
Value
-263.062 kN
Error
-0.0008 %
8.68636 cm
0.1887 %
423
reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5092
Test status: Passed
5.18.1 Description
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max., will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
5.18.2 Background
Concrete: C35/40


The dead load will be represented by two linear loads of 22.63kN/m and 47.38kN/m
424
Exposure class: XC1
Partial factor for concrete:
Relative humidity: RH=50%

Concrete age: t0=28days
Design value of concrete compressive strength: fcd=23 MPa
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete: Ecm=34000 MPa
Concrete density:
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete: fctm=3.2 MPa
Final value of creep coefficient:
Steel ductility: Class B
K coefficient: k=1.08
Design yield strength of reinforcement:
Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel: Es=200000MPa
Steel density:
Characteristic strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load:
Strain of reinforcement or prestressing steel at maximum load:
Slenderness ratio:
= 0.80
The of shear stresses results

The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to a 5cm concrete cover
The transverse reinforcement corresponding to a 2.7cm concrete cover
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Length: L = 10.00 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =29.74
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
425
Loading:
Note:
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an unreduced
shear, that will be used for further calculations.
5.18.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal reinforcement

For a 5 cm concrete cover and dinit=1.125m, the reference value will be 108.3 cm2:
For a 2.7 cm concrete cover and dinit=1.148m, the reference value will be 105.7 cm2:
5.18.2.3 Reference results in calculating the transversal reinforcement
Asw VEd . * tg
=
s
zu * f ywd
Where:
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 *1.125 = 1.0125m

cot = 1.75 = 29.74
= 90
Asw VEd . * tg 1.502 * tg 29.74
=
=
= 19.50cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
1.0125 *
1,15
426
The minimum reinforcement percentage calculation:
0,08 * f ck
Asw
0,08 * 35
* bw * sin =
* 0.55 * sin 90 = 5.21cm / ml
w, min * bw * sin =
s
f yk
500
15 nodes,
1 linear element.
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm2/ml)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My
5255.58 kNm
Fz
1501.59 kN
Az(5cm cover)
Az longitudinal reinforcement corresp. to a 5cm cover [cm2/ml]
108.30 cm2/ml
Az(2.7cm cover)
Az longitudinal reinforcement corresp. to a 2.7cm cover [cm2/ml]
105.69 cm2/ml
At,z,1
At,z transversal reinforcement for the beam end [cm2/ml]
19.10 cm2/ml
At,z,2
At,z transversal reinforcement for the middle of the beam [cm2/ml]
5.21 cm2/ml

Result name
My
Result description
My
Value
-5255.58 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz
-1501.59 kN
0.0000 %
Az
Az 5cm
-105.694 cm
2.4072 %
Az
Az 2.7cm
-105.694 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz end
19.0973 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz middle
5.20615 cm
0.0000 %
427
5.19 EC2 Test 18: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
with compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 5011
Test status: Passed
5.19.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in
concrete section and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section.
5.19.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c and
compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s.

Loadings from the structure: G = 37.5 kN/m (including the dead load),
Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 37.5 kN/m,
For the stress calculation the French annexes was used


Units
Metric System
428
Geometry
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Concrete cover: c=4 cm
Exposure class XD1

Humidity RH=50%
A st = 37.70cm for 3 HA20
A sc = 6.28cm for 2 HA10
Boundary conditions
Outer:

Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:

CCQ = 1.0*G+1.0*Q =75 kN/ml
Load calculations:
M0Ed = 855 kNm
Mcar = 600 kNm
Mqp = 390 kNm
429
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2
0.1*3 h0
RH
if
35
1 =
f
cm
If not,
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case,
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 350 * 800
=
= 243.48mm
u
2 * (350 + 800)
h0 =
RH
50
100
=1+
= 1.80 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.80 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.56
0.1 * 3 243.48
1
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
430
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
= 1 + 2.56 *
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
390
= 2.664
600
200000
= 16.90
31476
2.664
M Ecar
bc = 0,6 f ck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa

x1 =
=
1
2
e * ( A st + A sc ) + e * ( A st + A sc ) + 2 * b w * e * (d * A st + d'* A sc )
b
16.90 * (37.70 + 6.28) + 16.90 * (37.70 + 6.28) + 2 * 35 * 16.90 * (72 * 37.70 + 4 * 6.28)
= 34,41cm
35

b * x3
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
3
35 * 34,413
=
+ 37,70 * 16.90(72 34,45) + 6,28 * 16.90 * (34.45 4) = 1472097cm4 = 0.01472m4
3
c =
M ser
0,600
* x1 =
* 0,3441 = 14Mpa c = 12Mpa
I
0,01472
st = e * c *
d x1
0,72 0,3441
= 16.90 * 14 *
= 259Mpa s = 400Mpa
x1
0,3441

9 nodes,
1 linear element.
431

SLS (reference value: Mscq=600kNm)
Compressing stresses in concrete section c

(reference value: c =14MPa )
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s

(reference value: s=260.15MPa)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
600 kNm
Compressing stresses in concrete section c (MPa)
14 MPa
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s (MPa)
260.15 MPa

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-600 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc CQ
Sc CQ
14.122 MPa
0.0142 %
Ss CQ
Ss CQ
-260.116 MPa
0.0015 %
432
Test ID: 5058
Test status: Passed
5.20.1 Description
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) will be determined, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement (Asw) calculation.
5.20.2 Background
Concrete C20/25


The dead load will be represented by a punctual load of 105kN
The live load will be considered from one point load of 95kN

433
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 3.00 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading:
a
VEd = Pu 1
l

Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*105kN=1.50*95kN=284.25kN
In this case, (a = 1 m; l = 3 m):
1
VEd = 284,25 * 1 = 189,5 KN
3
Note:
434
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
5.20.2.2 Reference results in calculating the maximum design shear resistance
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
Where:
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v 1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
v 1 * f cd * z u * b w
tg + cot
VRd,max =
In this case,
= 45
and
= 90

f
20
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.55
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.435 = 0.392m
VRd , max =
0.55 * 13.33 * 0.392 * 0.20

= 0.288MN
2
VEd = 0.1895MN < VRd , max = 0.288MN

is determined by considering the transverse reinforcement steel vertical (=90) and connecting rods inclined
at 45 , at different points of the beam
before the first point load:
beyond the point load, the shear force is constant and equal to Rb, therefore:
Vu = Pu *
Asw VEd . * tg 0,18950 * tg 45

= 11.13cm / ml
=
=
500
zu * f ywd
s
0,392 *
1,15
a
1
= 284,25 * = 94,75 KN
l
3
it also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:

3 nodes,
1 linear element.
435

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Fz,1
Fz corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) x=1m [kNm]
189.5 kN
Fz,2
Fz corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) x=1.01m [kNm]
94.75 kN
At,z,1
Theoretical reinforcement area x=1m [cm /ml]
11.13 cm2/ml
At,z,2
Theoretical reinforcement area x=1.01m [cm2/ml]
5.57 cm2/ml

Result name
Fz
Result description
Fz,1
Value
-189.5 kN
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz,2
94.75 kN
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,1
11.1328 cm
0.1151 %
Atz
Atz,2
5.56641 cm
-0.0645 %
436
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5083
Test status: Passed
5.21.1.1 Description
diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the member,
limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max. will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of the
shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation.
The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
5.21.1.2 Background
diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the member,
limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of the
shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
Concrete: C25/30


The dead load will be represented by a linear load of 13.83kN/m
Exposure class: X0
437
The objective is to:
Verify the shear stresses results

Verify the transverse reinforcement
Verify the transverse reinforcement distribution by the Caqout method
Identify the steel sewing
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Length: L = 10.00 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam under a uniformly distributed load Pu, the shear force is defined by the following equation:
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
For the beam end, (x=0) the shear force will be:
VEd =
438
Pu * l
58,57 * 10
=
= 292,9kN
2
2
In the following calculations, the negative sign of the shear will be neglected, as this has no effect in the calculations.
Note:
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
VRd , max =
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
In this case:
= 30 and = 90
25
f
= 0.54
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.764 = 0.688m

VRd , max =
0.54 * 16.67 * 0.688 * 0.22

= 0.590MN
tg 30 + cot 30
VEd = 0.293MN < VRd , max = 0.590MN

The transverse reinforcement is calculated using the following formula:
Asw VEd . * tg 0.293 * tg 30

=
=
= 5.66cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0.688 *
1,15

11 nodes,
1 linear element.
439

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Fz
292.9 kN
At,z
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm2/ml]
5.66 cm2/ml

Result name
Fz
Atz
440
Result description
Fz
Atz
Value
-292.852 kN
Error
-0.0007 %
5.65562 cm
-0.0774 %
5.22 EC2 Test34: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression on the top
Method based on nominal stiffness - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5114
Test status: Passed
5.22.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made of concrete C30/37. The verification of the axial
stresses applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
Method based on nominal stiffness - The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the
method of nominal stiffness, and then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free at the top part.
5.22.2 Background
Method based on nominal stiffness
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made of concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal stiffness, and
then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.

300kN axial force
The self-weight is neglected

500kN axial force
2 = 0,3
Concrete cover 5cm
Transversal reinforcement spacing a=30cm
Concrete C30/37
441
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.60 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm along the long section edge and 3cm along the short section edge
Boundary conditions
Loading
Load combinations:
NEd =1.35*0.30+1.5*0.50=1.155MN
NQP=1.35*0.30+0.30*0.50=0.450MN

The column has a fixed connection on the bottom end and is free on the top end, therefore, the buckling length is
considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 2 * 4 = 8m
442
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 8
=
= 69.28
a
0.40

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M EQP serviceability first order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M Ed
The ratio between moments becomes:
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
N eqp * e1
N ed *e1
N eqp
N ed
0.450
= 0.39
1.155
(,t0 ) is defined as:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0 .1 + t 0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
RH = relative humidity; RH=50%

Where 1
h0 =
= 2 = 1 if f cm
35
35MPa if not 1 =
f cm
0.7
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 600
=
= 240mm
u
2 * (400 + 600 )
f cm = 38MPa > 35MPa ,
443
Therefore:
35
1 =
f cm
RH
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.73
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 240
0.1 * 3 h0
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.73 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.30

ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.30 * 0.39 = 0.90

The necessity of buckling calculation (second order effect):

lim =
20 * A * B * C
n

Where:
n=
N Ed
1.155
=
= 0.241
Ac * f cd 0.40 * 0.60 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 * 0.90 = 0.85
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
20 * 0.85 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 26.66
0.112
= 69.28 > lim = 26.66

Therefore, the second order effects must be considered.
5.22.2.3 The eccentricity calculation and the corrected loads on ULS:

No initial eccentricity because the post is subjected only in simple compression.
ei =
444
l0
8
=
= 0.02m
400 400
First order eccentricity- stresses correction:
20mm
20mm
20mm
= 20mm
13.3mm
30
30
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 6.1.(4)
The corrected solicitations which are taken into account when calculating the column under combined bending effort
and compression, are:
NEd= 1.155MN
MEd= 1.155*0.02=0.0231MNm
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation:
When using the nominal stiffness method, a starting section frame is needed. For this it will be used a concrete
section considering only the first order effects.
Advance Design iterates as many time as necessary.
The needed frames will be determined assuming a compound bending with compressive stress. All the results above
were obtained in the center of gravity for the concrete section alone. The stresses must be reduced in the centroid of
the tensioned steel.
First order moment in the centroid of the tensioned reinforcement is:
0.40
h
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.0231 + 1.155 * 0.35

= 0.196MNm
2
2
Verification if the section is partially compressed:
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
0,40
0,40
h
h
) = 0,496
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
0,35
d
d
0,35
0.196
M ua
=
= 0.133
bw * d * f cd 0.60 * 0.35 * 20
cu = 0.133 < 0.496 = BC
therefore the section is partially compressed.
Calculations of steel reinforcement in pure bending:
cu = 0.133
u = 1,25 * 1 (1 2 * 0,133) = 0,179

zc = d * (1 0,4 * u ) = 0,35 * (1 0,4 * 0,179) = 0,325m
A =
M ua
0,196
=
= 13.87cm
zc * f yd 0,325 * 434,78
445
Calculations of steel reinforcement in combined bending:

For the combined bending:
A = A'
N
1.155
= 13.87 * 10 4
= 12.69cm 2
f yd
434.78
The minimum reinforcement percentage:
As , min =
0,10 * N Ed 0.10 * 1.155

=
= 2.66cm 0.002 * Ac = 4.80cm 2
f yd
434.78
The reinforcement will be 4HA12 + 2HA10 representing 6.09cm2.

The second order effects calculation:
The second order effect will be determined by applying the method of nominal stiffness:
Calculation of nominal stiffness:
It is estimated nominal stiffness of a post or frame member from the following formula:
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
With:
Ecm
1.2
Ecd =
f cm = f ck + 8MPa = 38MPa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364MPa
1.2
1.2
b * h3 0.60 * 0.403
=
= 3,2.10 3 m4
12
12
(concrete only inertia)
Es = 200000MPa
Is
: Inertia of the steel rebars
As
6,09.10 4
=
= 0.00254
Ac 0.60 * 0.40
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
30
=
= 1.22 Mpa
20
20
N Ed
1.155
=
= 0.241
Ac . f cd 0.40 * 0.60 * 20
k2 = n *
446
As
< 0.01
Ac
69.28
= 0.241*
= 0.098 0.20
170
170
A h
6,09.10 4 0.40
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 1,37.10 5 m4
2
2 2
K s = 1 and K c =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.098
=
= 0.063
1 + ef
1 + 0.90
Therefore:
EI = 0.063 * 27364 * 3,2 * 10 3 + 1 * 200000 * 1,37 * 10 5 = 8.2566MNm

Stresses correction:
The total moment, including second order effects, is defined as a value plus the time of the first order:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.0231MNm (moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)
(normal force acting at ULS).
c0
and
c0 = 8
the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
= 1.234
8
NB = *
8.2566
EI
=*
= 1.27327 MN
2
8
l0
The second order efforts are:
N Ed 2 = 1.155MN
M Ed 2 = 0.3015MN .m
The reinforcement calculations considering the second order effect:
The reinforcement calculations for the combined flexural, under the second order effect, are done using the Graitec
EC2 tools. The obtained section is null, therefore the minimum reinforcement area defined above is sufficient for the
defined efforts.

5 nodes,
1 linear element.
447
Theoretical reinforcement area (cm2) and minimum reinforcement area (cm2)

(reference value: 2.66cm2 and 4.8cm2)

(reference value: 5.32 cm2)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
2
Ay
2.66 cm2
Reinforcement area [cm ]

2
Amin
4.80 cm2

Result name
Ay
Amin
448
Result description
Ay
Amin
Value
-2.66 cm
Error
0.0000 %
4.8 cm
0.0000 %
5.23 EC2 Test 38: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5127
Test status: Passed
5.23.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section concrete C25/30 column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked). At
the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along the Z axis is also blocked.
5.23.2 Background
Simplified Method
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30.

800kN axial force

Concrete cover 5cm
Concrete C25/30
Relative humidity RH=50%
Buckling length L0=6.50m
Units
Metric System
449
Geometry
Height: h = 0.30 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 6.50 m,
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a articulated connection (all the translations are blocked) and
to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
Load combinations:
N ED = 1.35 * 800 = 1080kN

Scope of the method:
L
L
L
L * 12 6.5 * 12
L0
L
= 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0
=
= 75.06
a
0.3
a
i
I
a2
a4
12
A
12
12
2
a
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Chapter 5.8.3.2(1)
The method of professional rules can be applied as:
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
Reinforcement calculation:
60 < = 75.06 120

1.3
1.3
32
32
= =
= 0.33

75.06
According to Conception Et Calcul Des Structures De Batiment, by Henry Thonier, page 283
k h = (0.75 + 0.5 * h) * (1 6 * * ) = 0.93

k s = 1.6 0.6 *
As =
450
1
f yd
f yk
500
= 1.6 0.6 *
500
=1
500
N ed
1
1.08
*
b * h * f cd =
*
0.3 * 0.5 *16.67 = 23.43cm
kh * ks *
434.78 0.93 *1 * 0.33

8 nodes,
1 linear element.

(reference value: 23.43cm2=4*5.86cm2)

Result name
Ay
Result description
Reference value
2
5.85cm2

Result name
Ay
Result description
Ay
Value
-5.85106 cm
Error
0.0000 %
451
5.24 EC2 Test32: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation
moment to the top Method based on nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class
XC1)
Test ID: 5102
Test status: Passed
5.24.1 Description
Verifies a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top Method based on
nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
The column made of concrete C25/30. The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at
ultimate limit state is performed.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal curvature, and
5.24.2 Background
Nominal curvature method is applied in this example.
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section column made from concrete C25/30.

The following load cases are used:
147.15 kN (15 t) axial force
14.71 kNm (1.5 tm) bending moment applied to the top of the column
Exploitation loadings ( 2
452
= 0.3 ):
63.77 kN (6.5 t) axial force

6.87 kNm (0.7 tm) bending moment applied to the top of the column
Concrete cover 5cm
Spacing between the reinforcement bar legs: s = 30cm
Concrete C25/30
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = a = 0.40 m,
Width: b = a = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.00 m,
Concrete class C25/30 and steel reinforcement S500B are used. The following characteristics are used in relation to
theses materials:

Exposure class: X0
Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8 = 33 MPa
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: f yk = 500MPa
Design value of concrete compressive strength:
f cd =
Design value of yield strength of reinforcement:
f yd =
f ck
f yk
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1 .5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free at the top.
453
Loading
Ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q

NEd = 1.35 * 147.15kN + 1.5 * 63.77kN = 294.3kN = 0.2943MN
MEd = 1.35 * 14.71 + 1.5 * 6.87 kNm = 30.16kNm = 0.03016MNm
Characteristic combination of actions defined by: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
e0 =
M Ed 0.03016 MNm
=
= 0.10m
N Ed
0.2943MN

Geometric characteristics of the column
considered to be:
l0 = 2 * L = 12m
2 3 * l0 2 3 *12m
= 104
=
0.40m
a

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
M EQP
M Ed
creep coefficient
serviceability first order moment under quasi-permanent load combination

e1 = e0 + ei
ei =
12m
l0
=
= 0.03m
400 400
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
14.71kNm + 0.30 * 6.87kNm

+ 0.03m = 0.13m
147.15kN + 0.30 * 63.77 kN
N Eqp1 = 147.15kN + 0.30 * 63.77kN = 166.281kN

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 166.281kN * 0.13m = 21.616kNm = 0.0216MNm
454
The first order ULS moment is defined latter in this example:

MEd1 = 0.0383 MNm
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
=1+
0.1 * 3 h0
1
50
1
2 * Ac
2 * 0.4m * 0.4m
100 = 1.85
=
= 0.2m = 200mm RH = 1 +
h0 =
2 * (0.4m + 0.4m )
u
0.1 * 3 200
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.85 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.64

ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP1
M Ed 1
= 2.64 *
0.0216 MNm
= 1.49
0.0383MNm
The necessity of buckling calculation (second order effects):

For an isolated column, the slenderness limit verification is done using the next formula:
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.11
Ac * f cd 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.46 = 0.77
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1.7 rm = 0.70
lim =

because the ratio of the first order moment is unknown
20 * 0.77 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 35.75
0.11
= 104 > lim = 35.75

455
The second order effects - buckling calculation

NEd = 1.35 * 147.15kN + 1.5 * 63.77kN = 294.3kN = 0.2943MN
MEd = 1.35 * 14.71 + 1.5 * 6.87 kNm = 30.16kNm = 0.03016MNm
Therefore, it must be determined:
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the applied loadings

e0 =
M Ed 0.03016 MNm
=
= 0.10m
N Ed
0.2943MN
ei =
l0
12m
=
= 0.03m
400 400
The first order eccentricity - loadings correction

The forces correction, used for the combined flexural calculations, is done as following:
N Ed = 0.2943MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.10m + 0.03m = 0.13m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 0.13m * 0.2943MN = 0.0383MNm
According to clause 6.1 (4) from EN 1992-1-1, for sections subjected to combined bending and compression efforts,
the design bending moment value should be at least M = NEd * e0, where
20mm
20mm
20mm
h
e0 = max
= max 400mm = max
= 20mm
13.3mm
30
30
Corrected bending moment is bigger than this value, so clause 6.1 (4) is fulfilled.
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation
To apply the nominal curvature method a starting section frame is needed. For this it will be used a concrete section
considering only the first order effects.
The needed reinforcement will be determined assuming a combined bending with compressive effort. All the results
above were obtained in the center of gravity for the concrete section alone. The stresses must be reduced in the
centroid of the tensioned steel.
456
h
0.40m
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.0383MNm + 0.2943MN * 0.35m

= 0.0824MNm
2
2
Verifying if the section is partially compressed:
h
h
0.40m
0.40m
* (1 0.4 * ) = 0.8 *
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.496
d
d
0.35m
0.35m
BC = 0.8 *
cu =
M ua
0.0824MNm
=
= 0.101
bw * d * f cd 0.40m * 0.35 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
cu = 0.101 < 0.496 = BC
Calculations of the steel reinforcement in pure bending
cu = 0.101
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.101) = 0.133

zc = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.35m * (1 0.4 * 0.133) = 0.331m
As =
M ua
0.0824MNm
=
= 5.73 * 10 4 m 2 = 5.73cm
zc * f yd 0.331m * 434.78MPa
Calculations of steel reinforcement in combined bending with compressive effort

A = A'
N
0.2943MN
= 5.73 *10 4 m 2
= 1.04cm 2
f yd
434.78MPa
The minimum reinforcement percentage must be applied:
As , min =
0.10 * N Ed 0.10 * 0.2943MN

=
= 0.68 * 10 4 m 2 = 0.68cm 0.002 * Ac = 3.2cm 2
f yd
434.78MPa
2
The proposed reinforcement area will be 4HA10 representing 3.14cm .
The second order effects calculation

The second order effect will be determined by applying the nominal curvature method.
Calculation of nominal curvature
Considering a symmetrical reinforcement 4HA10 (3.14cm), the curvature can be determined by the following
formula:
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.8.3 (1)
With:
f yd
434.78MPa
1
Es
=
=
= 200000MPa = 0.0138m 1
r0 0.45 * d 0.45 * d 0.45 * 0.35m
yd
Kr
: is a correction factor depending on axial load,=>
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
457
n=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.110
Ac * f cd 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
3.14.104 m 2 * 434.78MPa
= 0.0512
0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.0512 = 1.0512
nbal = 0.4
Kr =
1.0512 0.110
= 1.445 1 K r = 1
1.0512 0.40
K : is a factor for taking account of creep=> K = 1 + * ef 1
= 0.35 +
25 104
f ck
= 0.35 +
= 0.218
200 150
200 150
K = 1 + * ef = 1 0.218 * 1.49 = 0.68 1 K = 1

Therefore the curvature becomes:
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0138m 1
r0
r
Calculation moment:
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
: first order moment including the geometrical imperfections.
: second order moment
The second order moment must be calculated from the curvature:
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l2
12 m 2
= 0.248m
e2 = * 0 = 0.0138m 1 *
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top
of column).
M 2 = N Ed * e2 = 0.2943MN * 0.248m = 0.073MNm

M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2 = 0.0383MN + 0.073MN = 0.1113MNm
The reinforcement must be sized considering the demands of the second order effects:
N Ed = 0.2943MN
M Ed = 0.1113MNm
458
Reinforcement calculation corresponding to the second order:

M Ed
0.1113MNm
=
= 0.104
2
b * h * f cd 0.40m * 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
v=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.110
b * h * f cd 0.40m * 0.40m *16.67 MPa
= 0.15 ; =>
As =
* b * h * f cd
f yd
0.15 * 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa

= 9.20cm ;
434.78MPa
which means 4.60cm2 per
side.
Buckling checking
The verification will be made considering the reinforcement area found previously (9.20cm2)
Curvature evaluation:
The reinforcement has an influence only on the K r parameter:
1
= 0.0138m 1
r0
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
n = 0.110
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
9.20 * 104 m 2 * 434.78MPa

=
= 0.15
0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.15 = 1.15
nbal = 0.4
459
Kr =
1.15 0.110
= 1.387 1 K r = 1
1.15 0.40
K - coefficient which takes account of the creep K = 1 + * ef 1
K = 1 + * ef = 1 0.218 * 1.49 = 0.68 1 K = 1

The curvature becomes:
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0138m 1 It
r
r0
was obtained the same curvature and therefore the same second order
moment, which validates the section reinforcement found.


7 nodes,
1 linear element.

(reference value: 9.20 cm2 = 2 x 4.60 cm2)
460

Result name
As
Result description
Reference value
2
4.60 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Az
Value
-4.64 cm
Error
-0.8696 %
461
5.25 EC2 Test36: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal
curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5125
Test status: Passed
5.25.1 Description
Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal curvature - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made from concrete C30/37.
Method based on nominal curvature
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked and
all the rotations are permitted) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation
along Z axis is also blocked.
This example is provided by the Calcul des Structures en beton book, by Jean-Marie Paille, edition Eyrolles.
5.25.2 Background
The calculation is based on nominal curvature method.

NG = 0.40 MN axial force

NQ = 0.30 MN axial force
462
= 0,3
Wind loads:
Hw = 0.250 MN wind horizontal effect
The wind loads are applied horizontally on the middle of the column to the wider face (against the
positive sense of the Y local axis)
The quasi permanent coefficient 2
The quasi permanent coefficients are: 0
Concrete cover 5cm

Concrete C30/37
Concrete age t0=30days
2
The reinforcement is set to 8HA16 (16.08cm )
= 1 and 2 = 0
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the column cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.35 m,
Width: b = 0.60 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a articulated connection (all the translations are blocked and
all the rotations are permitted) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation
along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
N ED = 1.35 * N G + 1.5 * N Q = 1.35 * 0.4 + 1.5 * 0.3 = 0.99MN

e0 =
Mu
= 0cm
Nu
l
500
ei = max 2cm; 0 = max 2cm;

= 2cm
400
400
First order eccentricity: e1 = e 0 + e i = 2cm = 0.02m
463

considered to be:
l0 = l = 5m
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 5
=
= 49.5
a
0.35

The creep coefficient is determined by the next formula:
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
M EQP
The
creep coefficient
serviceability firs order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M EQP value is calculated using the following combination: M EQP = G + 0.3Q + 0 * W
M 0 Eqp = N qp * e1 = (0.4 + 0.3 * 0.3) * 0.02 = 0.0098MNm
M Ed
M 0 ED
value is calculated using the following combination:
M 0 Eqp = N ed * e1 + 1.5 * HW *
M oED = 1.35G + 1.5 * Q + 1.5 * W
5
L
= 0.99 * 0.02 + 1.5 * 0.25 * = 0.48855MNm
4
4
The moment report becomes:
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
0.0098
= 0.02
0.48855
(,t0 ) is:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
464
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.482
0.20
0.1 + 300.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
RH = relative humidity; RH = 50%

Where 1
h0 =
= 2 = 1 if f cm
35
35MPa if not 1 =
f
cm
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
2 * Ac
2 * 0.35m * 0.60m
=
= 0.221m = 221mm
u
2 * (0.35m + 0.60m )
f cm = 38MPa > 35MPa

35
2 =
f cm
RH
0.7
0.2
35
=
38
35
1 =
f cm
therefore
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
= 0.944
and
0.2
= 0.984
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.752
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 221
0.1 * 3 h0
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.752 * 2.73 * 0.482 = 2.30

ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.30 * 0.02 = 0.046

1 + ef = 1 + 0.046 = 1.046
The M2 moment is calculated from the curvature formula:
e2 =
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l02
*
r c
l0 is the buckling length: l0 = l = 5m

c is a factor depending on the curvature distribution. According to chapter 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1, c = 10.
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
f yd 434.78 2.1739
yd
1
and yd =
=
=
=
r0 (0.45 * d )
Es 200000 1000
465
2.1739
1
1000
=
=
= 0.0161m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * 0.30)
yd
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
n=
N Ed
0.99
=
= 0.236
Ac * f cd 0.6 * 0.35 * 20
nu = 1 +
As f yd
Ac f cd
16.08 * 104 * 434.78

= 0.166
0.6 * 0.35 * 20
nu = 1 + = 1. + 0.166 = 1.166
nbal = 0,4
Kr =
nu n
1.166 0.236
=
= 1.214
nu nbal
1.166 0.4
Condition: K r
1 , therefore it will be considered: K r = 1
K creep coefficient: K = 1 + * ef 1
= 0,35 +
=
f ck
200 150
l0 12 5 12
=
= 49.5
h
0.35
= 0.35 +
30 49.5
f ck
= 0.17
= 0.35 +
200 150
200 150
K = 1 + * ef = 1 + 0.17 * 0.046 = 1.008

Therefore:
1
1
= K r * K * = 1 * 1.008 * 0.0161 = 0.0162
r
r0
1 l2
5
e2 = * 0 = 0.0162 * = 0.04057 m
r c
10
M 2 = N Ed * e2 = 0.990 * 0.04057 = 0.04017 MNm
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2 = 0.48855 + 0.04017 = 0.5287 MNm
466
The frames must be sized considering the demands of the second order effects, as follows:
N Ed = 0.990MN
M Ed = 0.5287 MNm
Reinforcement calculation according the second order effects:
The calculation is considering the combined bending and axial solicitation and it is using the following values:
N Ed = 0.990MN
M Ed = 0.5287 MNm
The calculation resulted in 38.02cm2 tensioned reinforcement and a 20cm2 compressed reinforcement, meaning a
total of 58.02cm2 reinforcement area.
Buckling checking:
The calculation is performed considering the reinforcement area found previously (58.02cm2):
Curvature calculation:
The reinforcement area has an influence only over the Kr parameter:
1
= 0.0161m 1
r0
nu n
1
nu nbal
Kr =
n = 0.112
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
58,02 * 104 * 434.78

= 0.60
0.60 * 0.35 * 20
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.60 = 1.60
nbal = 0,4
Kr =
1.60 0.112
= 1.24 1 K r = 1
1.60 0.40
K = 1
the creep coefficient
K = 1 + . ef 1
Therefore the curvature becomes:
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0161m 1
r
r0
Considering this result, the same curvature is obtained, which means that the second order moment is the same. The
reinforcement section is correctly chosen.

5 nodes,
1 linear element.
467



Result name
Result description
Reference value
Ay
Tensioned reinforcement area [cm2]
38.02cm2

Result name
Ay
468
Result description
Ay
Value
-38.01 cm
Error
0.0263 %
5.26 EC2 Test 40: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small compression force and
significant rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5153
Test status: Passed
5.26.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a small compression force and
significant rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Nominal rigidity method - The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of
nominal rigidity, and then calculate the frames by considering a symmetrically reinforced section.
5.26.2 Background
Nominal rigidity method.

15kN axial force
150kMm rotation moment applied to the column top

7kN axial force
100kNm rotation moment applied to the column top

Concrete cover 5cm
Transversal reinforcement spacing a = 40cm
Concrete C30/37
469
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5cm
Boundary conditions
Loading
Load combinations:
NEd =1.35*15+150*7=30.75kN=0.03075MN
MEd=1.35*150+1.50*100=352.50kNm=0.352MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.352
=
= 11.45m
0.03075
NEd

considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
470
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M EQP serviceability firs order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
N Eqp1 = 15 + 0.30 * 7 = 17.10kN

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 17.10 * 10.56 = 180.58kNm = 0.181MNm
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
= 0.488
=
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h0
f cm > 35MPa therefore:
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
=
38
0 .7
35
2 =
= 0.944
f cm
and
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
471
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
=
= 250mm RH
u
2 * (500 + 500 )
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
= 1 +
*
0
.
944
0.1 * 3 250
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.72 * 2.72 * 0.488 = 2.28

ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.181
= 1.17
0.352
The second order effects; The buckling calculation:

lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.031
=
= 0.0062
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.17 = 0.81
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
20 * 0.81 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 158.42
0.0062
= 80.37 < lim = 158.42

Therefore, the second order effects can be neglected.
Calculation of the eccentricities and solicitations corrected for ULS:
NEd= 1.35*15 + 1.50*7= 30.75kN = 0,03075 MN
MEd= 1.35*150 + 1.50*100= 352.5kN= 0.3525MNm
Therefore, we must calculate:

e0 =
M Ed
0.3525
=
= 11.46m
N Ed 0.03075
ei =
472
l0
11.6
=
= 0.03m
400 400
The first order eccentricity: stresses correction:

The forces correction, used for the combined flexural calculations:
N Ed = 0.03075MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 11.49m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 11.49 * 0.03075 = 0.353MNm
M = N Ed * e0
20mm
20mm
20mm
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
The theoretical reinforcement will be determined by the following diagram
The input parameters of the diagram are:
M Ed
0.353
=
= 0.141
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.03075
=
= 0.00615
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.35
The reinforcement area will be:
As =
* 0.502 * 20
= 40.25cm 2
434.78
which means 20.13cm2 per face.
The total area will be 40.25cm2.
473

7 nodes,
1 linear element.


(reference value: 38.64 cm2= 2 x 19.32cm2)
474

Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
19.32 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Az
Value
-19.32 cm
Error
4.0000 %
475
5.27 EC2 Test 42: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant rotation moment
and small compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5205
Test status: Passed
5.27.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a significant rotation moment and small
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Nominal curvature method.
5.27.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal curvature method, and then
calculate the member by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.

476
Loadings from the structure (G):
15 kN axial force
150 kMm rotation moment applied to the column top
Exploitation loadings (Q) from B exploitation category ( 2
7 kN axial force
100 kNm bending moment applied to the column top

Distance between the reinforcement legs: a = 40 cm = 0.40 m
= 0.3 ):
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height and width are equal (square shape): b = h = 0.50 m,

Length: l = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local z
axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 3 cm; ehy = 3 cm)
The following characteristics are used in relation to concrete class C30/37 and steel reinforcement S500B materials:

Exposure class: XC1
3
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: f ck = 30 MPa
f cd =
f yd =
Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel: Es = 200000 MPa
f ck
f yk
30
= 20MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
477
Loading
Load combinations:
NEd = 1.35 * 15kN + 1.50 * 7kN = 30.75 kN = 0.03075 MN

MEd = 1.35 * 150kNm + 1.50 * 100kNm = 352.50 kNm = 0.3525 MNm
e0 =
M Ed
0.352 MNm
=
= 11.45m
N Ed 0.03075MN

Geometric characteristics of the column
considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
2 3 * l0 2 3 *11.60m
=
= 80.37
0.50m
h
Effective creep coefficient calculation

ef = (, t0 ).
M Eqp
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M Eqp serviceability first order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.029m
Eccentricity e1 is determined considering the first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
150kNm + 0.30 *100kNm

+ 0.029m 10.56m
15kN + 0.30 * 7 kN
N Eqp1 = 15kN + 0.30 * 7 kN = 17.10kN

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 17.10kN *10.56m = 180.58kNm = 0.181MNm
The first order ULS moment was defined at the beginning, in the Loading chapter:
M Ed = 0.3525MNm
478
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
h0 is the notional size of the member (in mm):
h0 =
2 * 0.5m * 0.5m
2 * Ac
=
= 0.250m = 250mm RH
2 * (0.5m + 0.5m )
u
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
*
0
.
944
= 1 +
0.1* 3 250
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.72 * 2.72 * 0.488 = 2.28

After a numerical replacement of each term, effective creep coefficient becomes:
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.181MNm
= 1.17
0.352 MNm
The second order effects; The buckling calculation

lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
0.031
N Ed
=
= 0.0062
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.17 = 0.81
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1.7 rm = 0.70

479
lim =
20 * 0.81 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 158.42
0.0062
= 80.37 < lim = 158.42

Therefore, the second order effects can be neglected.
Calculation of the eccentricities and solicitations corrected for ULS
The solicitations for the ULS load combination are:
NEd = 0.03075 MN
MEd = 0.3525 MNm

The eccentricity of the first order at ULS, due to the applied stresses

e0 =
M Ed 0.3525MNm
=
= 11.46m
N Ed
0.03075MN
ei =
l0
11.6m
=
= 0.029m
400
400
The corrected forces, which are used for the combined flexural calculations, are the following:
N Ed = 0.03075MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 11.46m + 0.029m 11.49m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 11.49m * 0.03075MN = 0.353MNm
According to clause 6.1 (4) from EN 1992-1-1, for sections subjected to combined bending and compression efforts,
the design bending moment value should be at least M = NEd * e0, where
h
500 mm
e0 = max 20 mm;
= max( 20 mm; 16.7 mm ) = 20 mm
= max 20 mm;
30
30
Corrected bending moment is bigger than this value, so clause 6.1 (4) is fulfilled.
480
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation

The theoretical reinforcement will be determined by using the following diagram:
M Ed
0.353MNm
=
= 0.141
2
b * h * f cd 0.50m * 0.50 2 m 2 * 20 MPa
N Ed
0.03075MN
=
= 0.00615
b * h * f cd 0.5m * 0.5m * 20 MPa
Therefore:
= 0.35
The total reinforcement area will be:
* 0.50 2 m 2 * 20 MPa
434.78MPa
= 40.25cm 2
which means 20.125cm2 per face.
The nominal curvature method (second order effect)

In the following, the steps necessary to calculate the curvature are shown.
Considering a reinforcement of 40.25cm (considered symmetric), one can determine the curvature from the following
formula:
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
f yd
434.78MPa
Es
1
yd
=
=
= 200000MPa = 0.0107 m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * d ) 0.45 * 0.45m
481
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
N Ed
0.03075MN
=
= 0.00615
Ac * f cd 0.50 m 2 * 20 MPa
n=
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
40.25 *10 4 m 2 * 434.78MPa

= 0.350
0.50 m 2 * 20 MPa
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.350 = 1.350
nbal = 0.4
Kr =
1.350 0.00615
= 1.41
1.350 0.40
Condition: K r
1 , therefore it will be considered: K r = 1
creep coefficient:
K = 1 + * ef 1
therefore
Calculation of design bending moment

The calculation of design bending moment is estimated from the formula:
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
is moment of the first order including geometric imperfections;
is nominal moment of second order.
The 2nd order moment is given by the curvature:
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l2
11.60
e2 = * 0 = 0.0107 *
= 0.1799m
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top
of column).
M 2 = N Ed * e2 = 0.03075MN * 0.1799m = 0.00553MNm

M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2 = 0.353MNm + 0.00553MNm = 0.35853MNm
482
The reinforcement must be sized considering the demands of the second order effects, as follows:
N Ed = 0.03075MN
M Ed = 0.35853MNm
Reinforcement calculation according to the second order effects
The interaction diagram will be used.
M Ed
0.35853
=
= 0.143
2
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.52 * 20
From the diagram
As =
= 0.35
* b * h * f cd
f yd
will be obtained, which gives:
0.35 * 0.50 m 2 * 20 MPa

= 0.004025m 2 = 40.25cm
434.78MPa
Meaning a 20.125 cm2 per side (which confirms the initial section)

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
Theoretical longitudinal reinforcement area (cm2)

(reference value: 40.25 cm2 = 2 * 20.125 cm2)
483

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Az
Longitudinal reinforcement area [cm2]
20.125 cm2

Result name
Az
484
Result description
Az
Value
-19.32 cm
Error
4.0000 %
5.28 EC2 Test33: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity
method- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5109
Test status: Passed
5.28.1 Description
Verifies a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity method- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1).
The column is made of concrete C30/37. The verification of the axial force, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is
performed.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection (all the translations and rotations are
blocked) and to the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are also blocked.
This test is based on the example from "Applications of Eurocode 2" (J. & JA Calgaro Cortade).
5.28.2 Background
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity of a
square cross section made from concrete C30/37, and then calculate the frames by considering a section
symmetrically reinforced.

The following load cases are used:
1260 kN axial force (1.260 MN) axial force

2 = 0.3
2
2
The reinforcement is set to 4HA20 (2 x 6.28cm = 12.56cm )
485
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.30 m;
Width: b = 0.30 m;
Length: L = 4.74 m;
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 5 cm; ehy = 5 cm )
Materials Properties
Used materials:
Concrete C30/37
The following characteristics are used in relation to this / these material(s):
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: fck = 30 MPa
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa)
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: fyk = 500 MPa
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
30MPa
= 20 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and to the top part, the translations along X
and Y axes are also blocked.
486
Loading
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G

The characteristic combination of actions is: CCQ = 1.0 x G

NEd = 1.35 * 1.260 MN = 1.701 MN
The characteristic combination of actions is:
NEqp = 1.0 * 1.260 MN = 1.260 MN
e0 =
Mu
0
=
= 0m
N u 1.7

Load calculation:
Additional eccentricity due to geometric imperfections:
Buckling length: L0 = 0.7*4.74 = 3.32 m
L
332
ei = max 2cm; 0 = max 2cm;

= max(2cm;0.83cm ) = 2cm = 0.02m
400
400
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.2(7)

The first order eccentricity:
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.02m

L0 * 12 3.32 * 12
=
= 38.34
h
0.3
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n

Where:
n=
N Ed
1.7
=
= 0.944
Ac * f cd 0.30 * 20
A = 0.7 if ef
is not known, if it is,
A=
1
1 + 0.2 * ef
B = 1.1 if (reinforcement ratio) is not known, if it is, B = 1 + 2 * = 1 + 2 *
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
12.56 * 104 * 434.78

= 1.27
In this case B = 1 + 2 *
0.3 * 20
C = 0.70
if
rm is not known, if it is, C = 1.7 rm

487
In this case:
20 * A * B * C 20 * 0.7 * 1.27 * 0.7

=
= 12.81
n
0.944
lim =
= 38.34 > lim = 12.81

ef = (, t 0 ).
M 0 EQP
M 0 Ed

Where:
(,t0 )
M 0 EQP
is the first order bending moment in quasi-permanent load combination (SLS)
M 0 Ed
is the first order bending moment in design load combination (ULS)
t0 is the concrete age
final creep coefficient
The ratio of the moment is in this case:
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
N eqp * e1
N ed *e1
N eqp
N ed
1.26
= 0.74
1.7
According to annex B of EN 1992-1-1, the creep coefficient
(,t0 ) is defined as:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
With:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
(for t0 = 28 days concrete age).
RH
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2
0.1 * 3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f cm 35MPa
35
1 =
f cm
h0 =
488
0.7
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
if
f cm > 35MPa
2 * Ac
2 * 300 * 300
=
= 150mm
u
2 * (300 + 300)
Where:
RH relative humidity: RH=50%

h0: is the notional size of the member (in mm)
u: column section perimeter
0.7
f cm
RH
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.86
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 150
0.1 * 3 h0
= 0.944
and
35
2 =
38
0.2
35
= 38MPa 35MPa 1 =
38
= 0.984
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.86 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.48

ef = (, t0 ) *
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
= 2.48 * 0.74 = 1.835
1 + ef = 1 + 1.835 = 2.835
Calculation of nominal rigidity:
The nominal rigidity of a post or frame member, it is estimated from the following formula:
Where:
E cd
: is the design value of the modulus of elasticity of concrete
I c : is the moment of inertia of concrete cross section

E s : is the design value of the modulus of elasticity of reinforcement
I s : is the second moment of area of reinforcement, about the center of area of the concrete
K c : is a factor for effects of cracking, creep etc.
K s : is a factor for contribution of reinforcement
Kc =
k1 * k2
1 + e
1 + ef = 2.835
k1 =
k2 =
n=
f ck
=
20
30
= 1.22
20
n*
170
1.7
N Ed
= 0.944
=
Ac * f cd 0.3 * 20
= 38.34
489
k2 =
n * 0.944 * 38.34
=
= 0.213 k2 = 0.20
170
170
k1 * k 2 1.22 0.20
=
= 0.086
1 + e
2.835
Kc =
Ecd =
E cm
CE
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
Ecd =
Ic =
Ecm
Ecm
CE
0.3
30 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
32837
= 27364MPa
1.2
b * h3 0.3 * 0.33
=
= 0.000675m 4
12
12
Ks = 1
E s = 200GPa
2
A
12.56 *10 4 0.25 0.05
d d'
4
5
I s = 2 * theo *
*
= 2*
= 1.256 *10 m
2 2
2
2
EI = 0.086 * 27364 * 0.000675 + 1 * 200000 * 1.256 * 10 5 = 4.1MNm

The total moment, including second order effects, is defined as an increased value of the first order moment:
M Ed
1.234
= 0.034 * 1 +
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
= 0.070 MNm
3.67
NB
1
1
1.7
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.0231MNm (moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)
N Ed = 1.155MN (normal force acting at ULS)

=
c0
c0 = 8
for a constant first order moment (no horizontal force at the top of column).
= 1.234
8
NB =
490
and
* EI
Lf
* 4.10
3.32
= 3.67 MN
The calculation made with flexural:
N Ed = 1.7 MN
and
M Ed = 0.070MNm
2
Therefore, a 2 x 6.64cm reinforcement area is obtained.
The calculated reinforcement is very close to the initial assumption (2*6.28cm2).

It is not necessary to continue the calculations; it retains a section of 2*6.64cm2 and it sets up 4HA20.

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Theoretical reinforcement area(cm )

(reference value: 13.08 cm2 = 2 x 6.64cm2)
491

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Az
Reinforcement area [cm2]
6.64 cm2

Result name
Az
492
Result description
Az
Value
-6.53808 cm
Error
0.0000 %
5.29 EC2 Test 37: Verifying a square concrete column using the simplified method Professional
rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5126
Test status: Passed
5.29.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a square concrete column made of concrete C25/30, using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Simplified Method
blocked) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also
blocked.
5.29.2 Background
Simplified Method
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section made from concrete C25/30.

800kN axial force

800kN axial force

Concrete cover 5cm
Concrete C25/30
Buckling length L0=0.70*4=2.80m
493
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.400 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
Boundary conditions
blocked) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also
blocked.
Loading
Load combinations:
N ED = 1.35 * 800 + 1.5 * 800 = 2280kN

L0
L
L
L
L
L * 12 2.8 * 12
= 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0
=
= 24.25
4
2
a
i
a
0.4
I
a
a
12
A
12
12
2
a
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Chapter 5.8.3.2(1)
494
The method of professional rules can be applied as:
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
= 24.25 < 60 , therefore:

=
0.86

1+
62
0.86
24.25
1+
62
= 0.746
Not knowing the values for and , we can considered k h = 0.93
k s = 1.6 0.6 *
As =
1
f yd
f yk
500
= 1.6 0.6 *
500
=1
500
N ed
1
2.280
*
*
0.4 * 0.4 *16.67 = 14,24cm
b * h * f cd =
434.78 0.93 *1 * 0.746

kh * ks *

5 nodes,
1 linear element.

495

Result name
Ay
Result description
Reference value
2
3.57cm2

Result name
Ay
496
Result description
Ay
Value
-3.56562 cm
Error
-0.1579 %
5.30 EC2 Test 41: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant compression force
and small rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5195
Test status: Passed
5.30.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section concrete column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a significant compression
force and small rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity and then
calculate the frames by considering a symmetrically reinforced section.
5.30.2 Background

150kN axial force
15kMm rotation moment applied to the column top

100kN axial force
7kNm rotation moment applied to the column top
2 = 0,3
Concrete cover 3cm and 5cm
Concrete C30/37
497
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5cm
Boundary conditions
Loading
Load combinations:
NEd = 1.35*150+1.50*100 = 352.50kN = 0.035MN
MEd = 1.35*15+1.50*7 = 30.75kNm = 0.03075MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.03705
=
= 0.087m
NEd
0.353

considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
498
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M EQP serviceability firs order moment under quasi-permanent load combination
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
15 + 0.30 * 7
+ 0.30 = 0.125m
150 + 0.30 * 100
N Eqp1 = 150 + 0.30 * 100 = 180kN

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 180 * 0.125 = 22.50kNm = 0.0225MNm
M Ed 1 = 0.041MNm
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
= 2.72
=
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
35
1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
=
38
0 .7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
50
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.72
h0 =
=
= 250mm RH = 1 +
u
2 * (500 + 500 )
0.1 * 3 250
499
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.72 * 2.72 * 0.488 = 2.28

ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.0225
= 1.25
0.041

For an isolated column, the slenderness limit verification is done using the next formula:
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.25 = 0.80
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
20 * 0.80 * 1.1 * 0.7

= 46.24
0.071
= 80.37 > lim = 46.24

Therefore, the second order effects must be taken into account.
Calculation of the eccentricities and solicitations corrected for ULS:
NEd= 1.35*150 + 1.50*100= 352.5kN = 0,3525 MN
MEd= 1.35*15 + 1.50*7= 352.5kN= 0.03075MNm

Therefore, we must calculate:

e0 =
M Ed 0.03075
=
= 0.087 m
N Ed
0.353
ei =
l0
11.6
=
= 0.03m
400 400

N Ed = 0.353MN
500
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.117m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 0.117 * 0.353 = 0.041MNm
M = N Ed * e0
20mm
20mm
20mm
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
To apply the nominal rigidity method, we need an initial reinforcement area to start from. For this, the concrete
section will be sized considering only the first order effect.
The Advance Design calculation is different: it is iterating as many time as necessary starting from the minimum
percentage area.
The reinforcement will be determined using a compound bending with compressive stress. The determined
solicitations were calculated from the center of gravity of the concrete section alone. Those stresses must be reduced
to the centroid of tensioned steel:
0.50
h
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.041 + 0.353 * 0.45

= 0.112MNm
2
2
Verification about the partially compressed section:
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
h
h
0,50
0,50
) = 0,494
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
0,45
d
d
0,45
0.112
M ua
=
= 0.055
bw * d * f cd 0.50 * 0.45 * 20
cu = 0.055 < BC = 0.494
therefore the section is partially compressed
The calculation for the tensioned steel in pure bending:
cu = 0.055
u = 1,25 * 1 (1 2 * 0,055) = 0,071

zc = d * (1 0,4 * u ) = 0,45 * (1 0,4 * 0,071) = 0,437m
A =
M ua
0,112
=
= 5,89cm
zc * f yd 0,437 * 434,78
501
The calculation for the compressed steel in bending:

For the compound bending:
A = A
N
0.353
= 5.89 * 10 4
= 2.23cm 2
Fyd
434.78
The minimum column percentage reinforcement must be considered:
As , min =
0,10 * N Ed 0.10 * 0.353

=
= 0.81cm
Fyd
434.78
Therefore, a 5cm2 reinforcement area will be considered.
5.30.2.3 Calculation of the second order effects:

Estimation of the nominal rigidity:
It is estimated the nominal rigidity of a post or frame member from the following formula:
Where:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 38Mpa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32836.57 Mpa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364 Mpa
1.2
1.2
b * h3 0.50 4
=
= 5,208.10 3 m 4
12
12
inertia of the concrete section only
Es = 200000Mpa
Is
: Inertia
As
5.104
=
= 0.002
Ac 0.50 * 0.50
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
30
= 1.22
20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
k2 = n *
502
As
< 0.01
Ac
80.37
= 0.071 *
= 0.0336 0.20
170
170
5 * 104 0.50
A h
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 2.10 5 m 4
2
2 2
Ks = 1
and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.0336
=
= 0.018
1 + ef
1 + 1.25
Therefore:
EI = 0.018 * 27364 * 5,208 * 103 + 1 * 200000 * 2 * 105 = 6.56MNm

Stress correction:
The total moment, including second order effects, is defined as a value plus the moment of the first order:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.041MNm
(moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)
N Ed = 0.353MN (normal force acting at ULS).

In addition:
c0
and
c0 = 8
because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
= 1.234
NB = *
EI
6.56
=*
= 0.48MN
2
l0
11.60
It was therefore a moment of 2nd order which is:
M Ed
1.234
= 0.041 * 1 +
= 0.182MNm
0.48
1
0.353
There is thus a second order moment of 0.182MNm

Calculation of the flexural combined reinforcement
The theoretical reinforcement will be determined by the following diagram:
M Ed = 0.182MNm
N Ed = 0.353MN
503
M Ed
0.182
=
= 0.073
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.11
As =
* b * h * f cd 0.11 * 0.502 * 20
=
= 12.65cm 2
f yd
434.78
This means a total of 12.65cm2

The initial calculations must be repeated by increasing the section; a 6cm2 reinforcement section will be considered.
Additional iteration:
One more iteration by considering an initial section of 6.5cm
504
Estimation of the nominal rigidity:
Where:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f
Ecm = 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32836.57 Mpa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364 Mpa
1.2
1. 2
b * h3 0.504
=
= 5,208.10 3 m 4
12
12
considering only the concrete section only
Es = 200000Mpa
Is
: Inertia
As
6.5 * 104
=
= 0.0026
Ac 0.50 * 0.50
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
30
= 1.22
20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
k2 = n *
80.37
= 0.071 *
= 0.0336 0.20
170
170
2
A h
6.5 * 104 0.50
0.05 = 2.6 10 5 m 4
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
2 2
2
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.0336
=
= 0.018
1 + 1.25
1 + ef
Therefore:
EI = 0.018 * 27364 * 5,208 *103 + 1 * 200000 * 2.6 *105 = 7.78MNm

Stress correction:
505
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.041MNm
(moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)

In addition:
c0
and
c0 = 8
= 1.234
NB = *
7.78
EI
=*
= 0.57 MN
2
11.60
l0
It was therefore a moment of 2nd order which is:
M Ed
1.234
= 0.041 * 1 +
= 0.123MNm
0.57
1
0.353
There is thus a second order moment of 0.123MNm

Calculation of the flexural compound reinforcement
The theoretical reinforcement will be determined, from the following diagram:
M Ed = 0.123MNm
N Ed = 0.353MN
506
M Ed
0.123
=
= 0.049
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.05
As =
* b * h * f cd 0.05 * 0.502 * 20
=
= 5.75cm 2
f yd
434.78
This means a total of 5.75cm2


7 nodes,
1 linear element.

507


Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
2.88 cm2

Result name
Az
508
Result description
Az
Value
-3.01 cm
Error
-4.6957 %
5.31 EC2 Test31: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation
moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5101
Test status: Passed
5.31.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made from concrete C25/30.
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced. Verifies the column to resist simple bending.
5.31.2 Background

15t axial force
1.5tm rotation moment applied to the column top

6.5t axial force
0.7tm rotation moment applied to the column top
2 = 0,3
Concrete cover 5cm
Concrete C25/30
509
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.00 m,
Boundary conditions
Loading
Load combinations:
NEd =1.35*15+150*6.5=30t=0.300MN
MEd=1.35*1.50+1.5*0.7=3.075t=0.31MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.031
= 0.10m
=
NEd
0.300

considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 12m
510
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 12
=
= 104
a
0.40

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
serviceability first order moment under quasi-permanent load combination

e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
1.50 + 0.30 * 0.70

+ 0.30 = 0.13m
15 + 0.30 * 0.65
N Eqp1 = 1.50 + 0.30 * 0.70 = 16.95t

M Eqp1 = N Eqp1 * e1 = 16.95 * 0.13 = 2.20tm = 0.022MNm
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
=1+
0.1 * 3 h0
1
50
1
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 400
100 = 1.85
h0 =
=
= 200mm RH = 1 +
u
2 * (400 + 400)
0.1 * 3 200
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.85 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.64
511
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.64 *
0.022
= 1.49
0.039

lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
Ac * f cd 0.40 * 16.67
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.49 = 0.77
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
20 * 0.77 *1.1* 0.7

= 35.43
0.112
= 104 > lim = 35.43

Therefore, the second order effects most be considered.
NEd= 1.35*15 + 1.50*6.50= 30 t = 0,300MN
MEd= 1.35*1.50 + 1.50*0.7= 3.075 t = 0,031MNm

e0 =
M Ed 0.031
=
= 0.10m
0.300
N Ed
ei =
12
l0
=
= 0.03m
400 400

N Ed = 0.300MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.13m
512
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = (0.10 + 0.03) * 0.300 = 0.039MNm

M = N Ed * e0

To play the nominal rigidity method a starting section frame is needed. For this it will be used a concrete section
considering only the first order effects.
The needed frames will be determined assuming a compound bending with compressive stress. All the results above
0.40
h
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.039 + 0.300 * 0.35

= 0.084MNm
2
2
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
h
h
0,40
0,40
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
) = 0,496
d
d
0,35
0,35
M ua
0.084
=
= 0.103
bw * d * f cd 0.40 * 0.35 * 16.67
cu = 0.103 < 0.496 = BC
cu = 0.103
u = 1,25 * 1 (1 2 * 0,103) = 0,136

zc = d * (1 0,4 * u ) = 0,35 * (1 0,4 * 0,136) = 0,331m
513

N
0.300
= 5.84 * 10 4
= 1.06cm 2
f yd
434.78
A = A'
As , min =
0,10 * N Ed 0.10 * 0.300

=
= 0.69cm 0.002 * Ac = 3.02cm 2
f yd
434.78
The reinforcement will be 4HA10 representing a 3.14cm2 section

The second order effect will be determined by applying the method of nominal rigidity:
The nominal rigidity of a post or frame member, it is estimated from the following formula:
With:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f
Ecm = 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
33
= 22000 *
10
b * h 3 0.40 4
=
= 2,133.10 3 m4
12
12
I s : Inertia
As
3,14.104
=
= 0.002
Ac 0.40 0.40
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
514
= 31476 Mpa
Ecm 31476
=
= 26230 Mpa
1.2
1.2
Es = 200000Mpa
0 .3
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
25
= 1.12Mpa
20
0.300
N Ed
=
= 0.112
Ac * f cd 0.40 *16.67
(cross section inertia)
k2 = n *
104
= 0.112 *
= 0.069 0.20
170
170
Is = 2 *
As
2
K s = 1 and
3,14 * 104 0.40
h
*
* c = 2*
0.05 = 7,06 * 10 6 m4
2
2
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
Therefore:
EI = 0.031 * 26230 * 2,133 * 103 + 1 * 200000 * 7,06 * 106 = 3.15MNm

Corrected stresses:
The total moment, including the second order effects is defined as a value and is added to the first order moment
value:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
(time of first order (ULS) taking into account the geometric imperfections, relative to the
center of gravity of concrete).

And:
c0
with
c0 = 8
= 1.234
NB = *
EI
3.15
=*
= 0.216 MN
2
l0
12
Therefore the second order moment is:
M Ed
1.234
= 0.133MNm
= 0.039 * 1 +
0.216
1
0.300
There is a second order moment that is negative because it was critical that the normal force, NB, is less than the
applied normal force => instability.
A section corresponding to a ratio of 5 will be considered and the corresponding equivalent stiffness is
recalculated.
515
With:
Ecd = 26230Mpa ; I c = 2,133.103 m4

Es = 200000Mpa
Is
: Inertia
= 0,005 As = 0,005 * Ac = 0,005 * 0,40 = 8cm

It sets up : 4HA16 =>
0.002 =
= 0,005 As = 8,04cm
As
< 0.01
Ac
2
As h
8,04 * 104 0.40
0.05 = 1,81 * 10 5 m 4
Is = 2 * * c = 2 *
*
2 2
2
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
Therefore:
EI = 0.031 * 26230 * 2,133.103 + 1 * 200000 * 1,81.105 = 5.35MNm

The second order effects must be recalculated:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
= 1.234
NB = *
M Ed
EI
5.35
=*
= 0.367 MN
2
l0
12
1.234
= 0.254MNm
= 0.039 * 1 +
0.367
1
0.300
There is thus a second order moment of 0.254MNm.

This moment is expressed relative to the center of gravity.
516
Reinforcement calculation for combined bending

The necessary frames for the second order stresses can now be determined.
A column frames can be calculated from the diagram below:
0.254
M Ed
=
= 0.238
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 *16.67
v=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
= 0.485 is obtained, which gives:
* b * h * f cd
f yd
0.485 * 0.40 * 16.67

= 29.75cm
434.78
Therefore set up a section 14.87cm per side must be set, or 3HA32 per side (by excess)
Buckling checking
The column in place will be verified without buckling. The new reinforcement area must be considered for the
2
previous calculations: 6HA32 provides As=48.25cm
The normal rigidity evaluation:
It is estimated nominal rigidity of a post or frame member from the following formula:
EI = K c .E cd . I c + K s .E s . I s
With:
Is
: Inertia
As 48,25 * 104
=
= 0.03
Ac 0.40 * 0.40
517
48,25 * 104 0.40

A h
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 1,086.10 4 m 4
2
2 2
k1 = 1.12
k2 = 0.069
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
The following conditions are not implemented in Advance Design:
=
If:
Kc =
As
0.01
Ac
0,3
1 + 0,5 * ef
Then:
EI = 0.031 * 26230 * 2,133 * 103 + 200000 * 1,086 * 104 = 23.45MNm

Corrected stresses
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
N Ed = 0.300MN
(normal force acting at ULS)
= 1.234
NB = *
23.45
EI
=*
= 1.607 MN
2
12
l0
It was therefore a moment of second order which is:
M Ed
1.234
= 0.039 * 1 +
= 0.05MNm
1.607
1
0.300
M Ed = 0.05MNm => =
N Ed = 0.300MN => v =
518
M Ed
0.05
=
= 0.047
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
The minimum reinforcement percentage conditions are not satisfied therefore there will be one more iteration.
The additional iteration will be made for a section corresponding to 1%; As=0.009*0.40=14.4cm2, which is 7.2cm2 per
side. A 3HA16 reinforcement will be chosen by either side (6HA16 for the entire column), which will give
As=12.03cm2.
Nominal rigidity evaluation:
EI = K c .E cd . I c + K s .E s . I s .
Is
: Inertia
As 12,06 *10 4
= 0.00754
=
Ac 0.40 * 0.40
0.002 =
if
Is = 2 *
As
2
K s = 1 and
As
< 0.01
Ac
2
12,06 * 104 0.40

h
0.05 = 2,71.10 5 m 4
* c = 2*
*
2
2
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
= 0.031
=
1 + 1.49
1 + ef
Therefore:
EI = 0.031 * 26230 * 2,133 * 103 + 1 * 200000 * 2,71 * 105 = 7.15MNm
519
Second order loads calculation:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
N Ed = 0.300MN
(normal force acting at ULS).
= 1.234
NB = *
M Ed
7.15
EI
=*
= 0.49 MN
2
12
l0
1.234
= 0.039 * 1 +
= 0.115MNm
0.49
1
0.300
Frames are calculated again from the interaction diagram:
M Ed
0.115
=
= 0.108
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 *16.67
v=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
= 0.18 is obtained, which gives:
* b * h * f cd
f yd
0.18 * 0.40 *16.67

= 11.04cm
434.78
Therefore set up a section 5.52cm per side must be set; this will be the final column reinforcement
520

7 nodes,
1 linear element.


521

Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
5.58 cm2

Result name
Az
522
Result description
Az
Value
-5.58 cm
Error
0.0000 %
5.32 EC2 Test35: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression to top Based
on nominal rigidity method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5123
Test status: Passed
5.32.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular concrete column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to compression to top
Based on nominal rigidity method- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Based on nominal rigidity method
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal rigidity method, and then
5.32.2 Background
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal stiffness method on a
rectangular cross section made of concrete C30/37, and then calculate the frames by considering a section
symmetrically reinforced.

0.45 MN axial force
0.10 MNm rotation moment applied to the column top

0.50 MN axial force
0.06 MNm rotation moment applied to the column top
2 = 0,3
523
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.45 m,
Width: b = 0.70 m,
Length: L = 4.50 m,
Used materials:
Concrete C30/37
The following characteristics are used in relation to this / these material(s):
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa) = 38MPa
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
30MPa
= 20 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
Loading
524
The characteristic combination of actions is: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
NEd = 1.35 * 0.45 MN + 1.5 * 0.5 MN = 1.3575 MN
MEd = 1.35 * 0.1 MNm + 1.5 * 0.06 MNm = 0.225 MNm

The characteristic combination of actions is:
NEqp = 1.0 * 0.45 MN + 0.30 * 0.5 MN = 0.6 MN

MEqp = 1.0 * 0.1 MNm + 0.30 * 0.06 MNm = 0.118 MNm
e0 =
Mu
0.225
=
= 0.166m
N u 1.3575

considered to be:
l0 = 2 * l = 2 * 4.50 = 9m
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 9
=
= 69.28
0.45
a

ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed

Where:
Where:
(,t0 )
M 0 EQP
is the first order bending moment in quasi-permanent load combination (SLS)
M 0 Ed
is the first order bending moment in design load combination (ULS)
t0 is the concrete age
final creep coefficient
M 0 Eqp = 1.0 * 0.1 MNm + 0.30 * 0.06 MNm = 0.118 MNm
M 0 Ed = 1.35 * 0.1 MN + 1.5 * 0.06 MNm = 0.225 MNm

The moment report becomes:
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
0.118
= 0.524
0.225
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
525
With:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
(for t0 = 28 days concrete age).
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
2
1
0.1 * 3 h0
RH
RH = relative humidity; RH = 50%
1 = 2 = 1 if f cm 35MPa
35
1 =
f
cm
h0 =
0.7
and
35
2 =
f
cm
0.2
if
f cm > 35MPa
2 * Ac
2 * 450 * 700
=
= 274mm
u
2 * (450 + 700)
Where:
RH relative humidity: RH = 50%

h0: is the notional size of the member (in mm)
u: column section perimeter
0.7
0.2
f cm
35
= 38MPa 35MPa 1 =
38
RH
RH
50
1
1
100
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2 = 1 +
* 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.70
0.1 * 3 h0
0.1 * 3 274
= 0.944
and
35
2 =
38
= 0.984
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.70 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.26

ef = (, t 0 ) *
5.8.4(2)
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.26 * 0.524 = 1.18 ,
according to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter
1 + ef = 1 + 1.18 = 2.18
lim =
526
20 * A * B * C
n
, according to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
N Ed
1.3575
=
= 0.215
Ac * f cd 0.45 * 0.70 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.18 = 0.81
B = 1.1 if (reinforcement ratio) is not known, if it is, B = 1 + 2 * = 1 + 2 *

In this case B
= 1.1 , because the reinforcement ratio in not yet known.
C = 0.70
rm is not known, if it is, C = 1.7 rm
if
In this case C
lim =
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
= 0.70 , because the ratio between the first order moments is not known.
20 * 0.81 * 1.1 * 0.7

0.215
= 26.90
= 69.28 > lim = 26.90

5.32.2.3 The eccentricity calculation and the corrected loads on ULS:

e0 =
0.225
= 0.166m
1.3575
ei =
l0
9
=
= 0.0225m
400 400
First order eccentricity- stresses correction:
N Ed = 1.3575MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.166m + 0.0225m = 0.1885m = 18.85cm
M Ed = N Ed * e1 = 1.3575MN * 0.1885m = 0.256MNm

To play the nominal rigidity method, a starting section frame is needed. For this, a concrete section considering only
the first order effects will be used.
The needed frames will be determined assuming a compound bending with compressive stress. All the results below
527
h
0.45
M ua = M G 0 + N * (d ) = 0.256 + 1.3575 * 0.40

= 0.494MNm
2
2
BC = 0.8 *
cu =
h
h
0.45
0.45
* (1 0.4 * ) = 0.8 *
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.495
d
d
0.40
0.40
M ua
0.494
=
= 0.220
bw * d * f cd 0.70 * 0.40 * 20
cu = 0.220 < 0.495 = BC , therefore the section is partially compressed.

cu = 0.220
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.220) = 0.315

z c = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.40 * (1 0.4 * 0.315) = 0.350m
A =
M ua
0.494
=
= 32.46cm
z c * f yd 0.350 * 434.78

A = A'
1.3575
N
= 32.46 * 10 4
= 1.24cm 2
434.78
f yd
As ,min =
0.10 * N Ed 0.10 *1.3575

= 3.12cm < 0.002 * Ac = 6.3cm 2
=
434.78
f yd
Therefore, the reinforcement will be 8HA10 representing a 6.28 cm2 section.

The second order effect will be determined by applying the method of nominal rigidity:
It is estimated nominal rigidity of a post or frame member from the following formula:
528
Where:
E cd
: is the design value of the modulus of elasticity of concrete
I c : is the moment of inertia of concrete cross section

E s : is the design value of the modulus of elasticity of reinforcement ( E s = 200000MPa )
I s : is the second moment of area of reinforcement, about the center of area of the concrete
K c : is a factor for effects of cracking, creep etc.
K s : is a factor for contribution of reinforcement
With:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8MPa = 38MPa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
Ecm 32837
= 27364MPa
=
1.2
1.2
b * h 3 0.70 * 0.45 3
=
= 5.316 * 10 3 m 4
12
12
(concrete only inertia)
Es = 200000MPa
As 6.28 * 10 4
=
= 0.002
=
Ac 0.70 * 0.45
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
30
= 1.22 MPa
20
N Ed
1.3575
=
= 0.215
Ac . f cd 0.45 * 0.70 * 20
k2 = n *
69.28
= 0.215 *
= 0.088 0.20
170
170
2
As h
6.28.10 4 0.45
*
Is = 2* * c = 2*
0.05 = 1.92.10 5 m 4
2
2 2
2
K s = 1 and K c =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.088
= 0.049
=
1 + 1.18
1 + ef
Therefore:
EI = 0.049 * 27364 * 5.316 *103 + 1 * 200000 *1.92 *105 = 10.97 MNm
529
The total moment, including second order effects, is defined as a value plus the time of the first order:
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
N Ed
M Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.256MNm
(moment of first order (ULS)) taking into account geometric imperfections

=
c0
and
c0 = 8
the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
= 1.234
8
NB = *
EI
10.82
=*
= 1.32MN
2
l0
9
The second order moment is:
M Ed 2
1.234
= 0.256 * 1 +
= 11.18MNm
1.32
1
1.3575
An additional iteration must be made by increasing the ratio of reinforcement.

The iteration is made considering 8HA12 or As = 9.05 cm2
Therefore
530
9.05 * 10 4
= 0.0029
0.70 * 0.45
The following are obtained:
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 2.48MNm
Given the mentioned reports, there must be another reiteration.
The reinforcement section must be increased to 8HA20 or As = 25.13 cm2 and
= 0.008 .
The followings results are obtained:
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 0.563MNm
Using the Concrete Tools EC2, combined bending analytical calculation, a 28.80 cm2 value is found.
be another iteration.
There must
531
The new considered reinforcement section is As = 30 cm2 and
= 0.0095 :
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 0.499MNm
2
Using the Concrete Tools EC2, combined bending analytical calculation, a 22.22 cm value is found
reinforcement of the column is correct.
We therefore retain a theoretical section of 30 cm.


6 nodes,
1 linear element.

(reference value: 30 cm2 = 2 x 15 cm2)
532
the

Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
15 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Az
Value
-15.995 cm
Error
0.0000 %
533
5.33 EC2 Test 39: Verifying a circular concrete column using the simplified method Professional
rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5146
Test status: Passed
5.33.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a concrete (C25/30) column with circular cross section using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Simplified Method
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked). To
the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along the Z axis is also blocked.
5.33.2 Background
Determines the longitudinal reinforcement of a circular cross section made from concrete C25/30, using the simplified
method (with professional recommendations).

5000 kN axial force

Buckling length L0 = 5.00 m
Units
Metric System
Geometry
534
Height: H = 5.00 m,
Radius: r = 0.40 m,
Concrete class C25/30 and steel reinforcement S500B are used. The following characteristics are used in relation to
these materials:

Exposure class: XC1
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
f yk
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a hinged connection (all the translations are blocked) while at
the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G

NEd = 1.35 * 5000 kN = 6750 kN = 6.750 MN

According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004): Chapter 5.8.3.2(1)

L0: buckling length L0 = L = 5 m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004): Chapter 5.8.3.2(2)
i=
I
A
, radius of giration of uncraked concrete section
Where:
*r4
I=
4
I=
, second moment of inertia for circular cross sections
* (0.4m) 4
= 0.02011m 4
4
A = * r 2 , cross section area

A = * (0.4m) 2 = 0.503m 2
535
Therefore:
*r4
2
I
4 = r = r = 0.40m = 0.20m
=
4
2
2
A
*r2
i=
L0 L0 2 * L0 2 * 5.00m
= 25
=
=
=
r
0.40m
r
i
2
The method of professional rules can be applied If the following conditions are met:
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
= 25 60 , therefore:
=
0.84

1+
52
0.84
25
1+
52
= 0.68
k h = (0.70 + 0.5 * D) * (1 8 * * )
for D < 0.60 m, if not
k h = 1.00 , where D is the diameter of the cross
section
Therefore:
k h = 1.00
k s = 1.6 0.65 *
f yd =
f yk
1.15
f yk
500
for f yk > 500MPa and > 30 ,if not k s = 1.00
500
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Therefore:
k s = 1.00
As =
N ed
1
1
6.750
* r 2 * f cd =
* 0.4 2 *16.67 = 35.58cm
*
*
f yd k h * k s *
434.78 1.00 *1.00 * 0.68
536

6 nodes,
1 linear element.


Result name
Ay
Result description
Reference value
2
17.79 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Az
Value
-17.4283 cm
Error
0.0000 %
537
5.34 EC2 Test 46 II: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5231
Test status: Passed
5.34.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section beam made of concrete C20/25 subjected to a normal force of traction - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class X0).
Tie sizing
Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Determines the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, subjected to a normal force of traction.
The load combinations will produce the following rotation efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kNm
- Support at start point (x=0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked
5.34.2 Background
Determines the reinforcement of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30, subjected to a normal force
of traction, analyzed with both bilinear stress-strain and inclined stress-strain laws.

233.33 kN axial force

56.67 kN axial force
Units
Metric System
538
Geometry
Height: h = 0.15 m,
Width: b = 0.15 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
C20/25
Reinforcement S400, Class: B
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa) = 28MPa
2
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete:
f ctm = 0.30 * ( f ck ) 3 = 2.21MPa
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
20 MPa
= 13.33MPa
1.5
400 MPa
= 347.82 MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at start point (x = 0) fixed connection,
Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked

Inner: None.
Loading
NEd = 1.35 * 233.3 kN + 1.5 * 56.67 kN = 400 kN = 0.400 MN
5.34.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam

There will be two successive calculations, considering a bilinear stress-strain diagram constitutive law and then an
inclined stress-strain diagram constitutive law.
Calculations according a bilinear stress-strain diagram
N Ed
0.400
= 11.50 * 10 4 m = 11.50cm
400
s ,U
1.15
A 4HA20 will be used A = 12.57cm2
As ,U
539
Calculations according a inclined stress-strain diagram
S 400 B s ,U = 373MPa
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 10.72 * 10 4 m = 10.72cm
373
It can be seen that the gain is not negligible (about 7%).

As Ac *
f ctm
f yk
Ac = 0.15m * 0.15m = 0.0225m

As Ac *
f ctm
2.21
= 0.0225 *
= 1.24cm
f yk
400

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
ULS load combinations (kNm)

In case of using the bilinear stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az = 11.50 cm2 = 2*5.75 cm2)
In case of using the inclined stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az = 10.74 cm2 = 2*5.36 cm2)
540

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Az,1
Longitudinal reinforcement obtained using the bilinear stress-strain

diagram [cm2]
Longitudinal reinforcement obtained using the inclined stress-strain
diagram [cm2]
5.75 cm2
Az,2
5.36 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Az-i
Value
-5.75001 cm
Error
0.0000 %
541
5.35 EC2: Verifying the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads
Test ID: 4555
Test status: Passed
5.35.1 Description
Verifies the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads. The verification is made according to
EC2 norm with French Annex.
542
without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4970
Test status: Passed
5.36.1 Description
5.36.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the


Units
Metric System
543
Geometry
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(15+3.75)+1.5*20=55.31kN/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=15+3.75+0.3*20=24.75kN/ml
544
Load calculations:
M Ed =
55,31 * 5,80
= 232,59kN .m
8
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN .m
8
M Eqp =
24,75 * 5,80
= 104,07kN .m
8

(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 )
( fcm ) =
16.8
fcm
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925
( t 0 ) =
0.1 + t 00.20
1
0.1 + 28 0.20
= 0.488 at t0=28 days

RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1 +
0. 1 * 3 h
1 = 2 = 1 if
fCM = 35MPa
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
In this case: fcm = fck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa 1 = 2 = 1
2 * Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
h0 =
= 176.47mm
u
2 * ( 250 + 600)
50
100
= 1+
= 1.89
0.1 * 3 176.47
1
RH
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 ) = 1.89 * 2.925 * 0.488 = 2.70
e =
Es
E cm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
545
Defined earlier:
MEcar =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN.m
8
MEqp =
24,75 * 5,80
= 104,07kN.m
8
This gives:
e =
200000
= 17.32
31476
104.07
1 + 2.70 *
162.94
Due to exposure class XD1, we will verify the section having non-compressed steel reinforcement, determining the
reduced moment limit, using the formula defined by Jeans Roux in his book Practice of EC2:
This value can be determined by the next formula if
luc = K( e ) *
f ck < 50MPa valid for a constitutive law to horizontal plateau:
fck
( 4.69 1.70 * ) * fck + (159.90 76.20 * )
K ( e ) = 10 4 * a + b * e + c * e 2
The values of the coefficients "a", "b" and "c" are defined in the following table:
Diagram for inclined tier
Diagram for horizontal plateau
75,3 * f ck 189,8
71,2 * f ck + 108
5,6 * f ck + 874,5
5,2 * f ck + 847,4
0,04 * f ck 13
0,03 * f ck 12,5
This gives us:
a = 71,2 * 25 + 108 = 1888
b = 5,2 * 25 + 847,4 = 717.4
c = 0,03 * 25 12,5 = 11.75
K ( e ) = 104 (1888 + 717.4 * 17.27 11.75 * 17.27 ) = 1.079
Then:
546
232,58
= 1,43
162,94
luc = K ( e ).
f ck
= 0.2504
( 4.69 1.70 * ) * f ck + (159.90 76.20 * )

Effective height: d=0.9*h=0.53m

cu =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 0,207
bw * d * f cd 0,25 * 0,519 * 16,67
zc = d * (1 0,4 * u ) = 0,519 * (1 0,4 * 0,294) = 0,458m

We will also conduct a SLS design to ensure that we do not get an upper section of longitudinal reinforcement.
We must determine the position of the neutral axis by calculating (position corresponding to the state of maximum
stress on the concrete and reinforcement).
1 =
e * c
e * c + s
17.32 * 15
= 0,394
17.32 * 15 + 400
M ser , cq = 163kNm < M rb
there in no compressed steel reinforcement. This confirms what we previously
found by determining the critical moment limit depending on the coefficient of equivalence and .
Then we calculate the reinforcement resulted from the SLS efforts (assuming the maximum constrain is reached on
steel and concrete):
Neutral axes position :
1 = 0,394

0.394
zc = d * 1 1 = 0.519 * 1
= 0.451m
3
3
M Ecq
0.163
Reinforcement section : As1, ser =
=
= 9.03cm
zc * s 0.451 * 400
Lever arm :
This shows that the tensile reinforcement obtained in SLS are not dimensioning compared to SLU.
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
547
Therefore:
2.56
* 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.73 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= 1.73cm
A s,min = max
500
0.0013 * 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.70 * 10 4 m

7 nodes,
1 linear element.



548

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
232.59 kNm
My,SLS
162.94 kNm
Az
11.68 cm2
Amin
1.73 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-232.578 kN*m
Error
0.0052 %
My
My SLS
-162.936 kN*m
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-11.6779 cm
0.0180 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
549
5.37 EC2 Test 9: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam with compressed reinforcement Inclined
Test ID: 4982
Test status: Passed
5.37.1 Description
For these tests, the constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to
the defined loads. The test confirms the presence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.37.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses, the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the verification of the minimum
reinforcement percentage are performed.
For these tests, the constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to
the defined loads. The test confirms the presence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.

Linear loadings :
Loadings from the structure: G = 55 kN/m+ dead load,
Live loads:
Point loads:
Loadings from the structure: G = 35kN;
Live loads:
Q=60kN/m
Q=25kN
2 = 0,8
The calculation is performed considering inclined stress-strain diagram

550

The longitudinal reinforcement
The minimum reinforcement percentage
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.30 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

3
Concrete C25/30:
fcd =
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
Ecm
f +8
= 22000 ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
Steel S500 :
551
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 6.3) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
Dead load:
G=0.4*0.8*2.5=8.00 kN/ml
Linear load combinations:

Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(55+8)+1.5*60=175.05 kN/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=55+8+60=123 kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.6 x Q=55+8+0.8*60=111 kN/m
Point load combinations:

Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*35+1.5*25=84.75 kN
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=35+25=60 kN
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.6 x Q=35+0.8*25=55 kN
Load calculations:
M Ed =
175.05 * 6.30 184.75 * 6.30

+
= 1002kNm
8
4
M Ecq =
123 * 6.30 60 * 6.30

+
= 705kNm
8
4
M Eqp =
111* 6.30 55 * 6.30

= 637 kNm
+
8
4

(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.925
f cm
25 + 8
552
at t0 = 28 days
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h 0
1 = 2 = 1
if
f CM 35MPa
35
If not: 1 =
f
cm
0.7
and
35
2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case,
1 = 2 = 1
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 800
=
= 266.67 mm RH
2 * (400 + 800)
u
50
100
= 1.78
= 1 +
0.1* 3 266.67
(, t 0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t 0 ) = 1.78 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.54

e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 20.94
31476
637
1 + 2..54 *
705
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck < 50MPa valid for a constitutive law to horizontal plateau:
f ck
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
K ( e ) = 104 * a + b * e + c * e
553
Where:
a = 75,3 * 25 189,8 = 1692.7

b = 5,6 * 25 + 874,5 = 734.5
c = 0,04 * 25 13 = 12
K ( e ) = 10 4 * (1692.7 + 734.5 * 20.94 12 * 20.94 ) = 1.181
Then:
1002
= 1,422
705
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck
= 0.271
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
cu =
M Ed
1.002
=
= 0.301
bw * d * f cd 0.40 * 0.707 * 16.67
cu = 0.301 > luc = 0.271
therefore the compressed reinforcement is present in the beam section

The calculation will be divided for theoretical sections:
Calculation of the tension steel section (Section A1):
The calculation of tensioned steel section must be conducted with the corresponding moment of lu :
M Ed 1 = lu * bw * d * f cd = 0.271 * 0.40 * 0.707 * 16.67 = 0.902 * 10 6 Nm
The value:
lu = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * lu ) = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.271) = 0.404
zlu = d * (1 0.4 * lu ) = 0.707 * (1 0.4 * 0.404) = 0.593m
Tensioned reinforcement elongation calculation:
su =
1 u
* cu 2 =
1 0.404
* 3.5 = 5.17
0.404
Tensioned reinforcement efforts calculation(S500A):
su = 432,71 + 952,38 * su 454MPa
su = 432,71 + 952,38 * 0.00517 = 437.63MPa 454Mpa
M Ed 1
0.902 *10 6 Nm
A1 =
=
= 34.76cm
z lu . f yd 0.593m * 437.63MPa
554
Compressed steel reinforcement reduction (Section As2):

Reduction coefficient:
sc =
3,5
3. 5
(0.404 * 0.707 0.045) = 2.957
( lu * d d' ) =
1000 * lu * d
1000 * 0.404 * 0.707
sc = 0.00295 > yd = 0.00217 sc = 432.71 + 952.38 * 0.00295 = 435.52MPa

Compressed reinforcement calculation:
As 2 =
M Ed M Ed 1
1.002 0.902
=
= 3.47cm
(d d ' ) sc
(0.707 0.045) * 435.52
The steel reinforcement condition:
A2 = As 2 .
sc
f yd
= 3.47 *
435.52
= 3.48cm
437.64
Total area to be implemented:
In the lower part: As1=A1+A2=38.24 cm2 (tensioned reinforcement)

In the top part: As2=3.47 cm2 (compressed reinforcement)

The concrete beam design at SLS will be made considering a limitation of the characteristic compressive cylinder
strength of concrete at 28 days, at 0.6*fck
The assumptions are:
The SLS moment: MEcq = 705kNm
The equivalence coefficient: e = 20.94
The stress on the concrete will be limited at 0.6*fck=15Mpa and the stress on steel at 0.8*fyk, or 400MPa
Calculation of the resistance moment MRd for detecting the presence of the compressed reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
20.94 * 15
*d =
* 0.707 = 0.311m
20.94 * 15 + 400
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.40 * 0.311 15 = 0.933 *10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.311
= 0.707
= 0.603m
3
3
M rb = Fc * z c = 0.933 * 10 6 * 0.603 = 0.563 * 10 6 Nm

555
M 1 = M rb = 0.563 * 10 6 Nm
1 =
x1 0.311
= 0.440
=
d 0.707
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.311
= 0.707
= 0.603m
3
3
M1
0.563
=
= 23.34cm
z c s 0.603 400
M 2 = M ser ,cq M rb = (0.705 0.591) * 10 6 = 0.142 * 10 6 Nm

sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
1 * d
sc = 20.94 * 15 *
0.440 * 0.707 0.045

= 268.66 MPa
0.440 * 0.707
A' =
M2
0.142
=
= 7.98cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045) * 268.66
As = A' *
sc
268.66
= 7.98 *
= 5.36cm
400
s
Section area:
Considering an envelope calculation of ULS and SLS, it will be obtained:
Tensioned reinforcement ULS: A=38.24cm2
Compressed reinforcement SLS: A=7.98cm2
To optimize the reinforcement area, it is preferable a third iteration by recalculating with SLS as a baseline amount of
2
tensioned reinforcement (after ULS: Au=38.24cm )
Reference reinforcement third calculation at SLS:
For this third iteration, the calculation will begin considering the section of the tensile reinforcement found when
calculating for ULS: Au=38.24cm2
From this value, it will be calculated the stress obtained in the tensioned reinforcement:
s =
556
AELS
28.70
* s =
* 400 = 300.21MPa
38.24
AELU
Calculating the moment resistance Mrb for detecting the presence of compressed steel reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
20.94 *15
*d =
* 0.707 = 0.361m
20.94 *15 + 300.21
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.40 * 0.36115 = 1.083 *10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.361
= 0.707
= 0.587 m
3
3
M rb = Fc * z c = 1.083 *10 6 * 0.587 = 0.636 *10 6 Nm

M 1 = M rb = 0.636 *10 6 Nm
1 =
x1 0.361
=
= 0.511
d 0.707
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.361
= 0.587 m
= 0.707
3
3
M1
0.36
=
= 36.09cm
z c * s 0.578 * 400
M 2 = M ser ,cq M rb = (0.705 0.636) *10 6 = 0.069 *10 6 Nm

sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
0.511 * 0.707 0.045
= 20.94 * 15 *
= 275MPa
0.511 * 0.707
1 * d
A' =
M2
0.069
=
= 3.79cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045)* 275
As = A' *
sc
275
= 3.47cm
= 3.79 *
300.21
s
Section area:
557

f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min

Where:
Therefore:
As ,min
2.56
* 0.40 * 0.707 = 3.77 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 3.77cm
500
0.0013 * 0.40 * 0.707 = 3.68 * 10 4 m

9 nodes,
1 linear element.

SLS (reference value: 705kNm)
SLS Quasi-permanent (reference value: 637kNm)
558

For Class A reinforcement steel ductility (reference value: A=39.56cm2 and A=3.79cm2)


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
1001 kNm
My,SLS,cq
705 kNm
My,SLS,qp
637 cm2
Az (Class A)
39.56 cm2
3.77 cm2
Amin

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-1001.92 kN*m
Error
0.0080 %
My
My SLS cq
-704.714 kN*m
0.0406 %
My
My SLS qp
-637.304 kN*m
-0.0477 %
Az
Az
-39.5884 cm
-0.0718 %
Amin
Amin
3.77193 cm
0.0512 %
559
5.38 EC2 Test 7: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stressstrain diagram
Test ID: 4980
Test status: Passed
5.38.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az.
This test performs verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined
loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.38.2 Background
Verifies the theoretical reinforcement area for a T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms
the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.

Loadings from the structure: G = 0 kN/m (the dead load is not taken into account)
Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 18.2kN/m,

The objective is to test:
The theoretical reinforcement area
560
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam length: 8m
Exposure class XC1

3
Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
25
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
f ctm = 0.30 * f
2/3
ck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
400
= 347.83MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
561
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*0+1.5*18.2=27.3kN/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=0+18.2=18.2kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
27.3 * 8
= 218.40kNm
8
M Ecq =
18.20 * 8
= 145.60kNm
8
5.38.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam moment

At first it will be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section only:
hf
M btu = beff * h f * d
2
0.12
* f cd == 1.10 * 0.12 * 0.482

*16.67 = 928kNm
2
M Ed = 218.40kNm < M btu = 928kNm

Therefore, the concrete section is not entirely compressed; This requires a calculation considering a rectangular
section of b=110cm and d=48.2cm.
Reference longitudinal reinforcement calculation:
cu =
M Ed 1
0.218
=
= 0.051
bw * d * Fcd 1.10 * 0.482 *16.67
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.051) = 0.066

z c = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.482 * (1 0.40 * 0.066) = 0.469m
A=
M Ed
0.218
=
= 13.38cm
zc * f yd 0.469 * 347.83

9 nodes,
1 linear element.

562


Result name
Result description
Reference value
Az (Class B)
13.38 cm2

Result name
Az
Result description
Theoretical reinforcement area
Value
-13.3793 cm
Error
0.0052 %
563
5.39 EC2 Test 10: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Inclined
Test ID: 4984
Test status: Passed
5.39.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State - The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the
ULS load combination, the results of the theoretical reinforcement area, "Az" and the minimum reinforcement
percentage, "Amin".
5.39.2 Background
Verifies the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms
the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.


2 = 0,3


The reinforcement minimum percentage area
Units
Metric System
564
Geometry
Beam length: 6m
Exposure class XC2

The calculation is made considering the inclined stress-strain diagram
Concrete C16/20:
f cd =
f ck
30
=
= 20 MPa
c
1,5
2/3
= 0.30 * 30 2 / 3 = 2.90 MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434.78 MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*500+1.5*300=1125 kN/m
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=500+300=800 kN/m
Quasi-permanent combination of actions
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=500+0.3*300=590 kN/m
565
Load calculations:
MEd =
1125 * 6
= 5062.5 kNm
8
MEcq =
800 * 6
= 3600 kNm
8
MEqp =
590 * 6
= 2655 kNm
8

Mbtu = b eff * h f * d f
2
0,20
* f cd = 1.40 * 0,20 * 0,9

* 20 = 4.480 * 10 3 kNm
2
Mbtu = 4.480 * 103 kNm < MEd = 5.0625 * 103 kNm

Therefore the concrete section is not entirely compressed;
There are required calculations considering the T section.
For those calculations, the beam section will be divided in two theoretical section:
Section 1: For the calculation of the concrete only
Section 2: For the calculation of the compressed reinforcement
h
0.20
MEd2 = (b eff b w ) * h f * fcd * d f = (1.40 0.40) * 0.20 * 20 * 0.90

=
2
2
= 3.2 * 103 kNm

Stress from the compressed steel reinforcement considering a steel grade S500B:
su = 432,71 + 727,27 * su 466 MPa

In order to determine the su , the neutral axis position must be determined:
MEd1 = MEd MEd2 = (5.063 3.200) * 103 = 1.863 * 103 kNm

cu =
MEd1
1.863
=
= 0.287
b w * d * Fcd 0.40 * 0.9 * 20
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1
(1 2 * 0.287) ] = 0.435
Depending of u , the neutral axis position can be established:

su =
1 u
1 0.435
* cu2 =
* 3.50 = 4.55
u
0.435
Then we calculate the stress in the tensioned steel reinforcement:
su = 432,71 + 727,27 0.00455 = 436,02MPa 466MPa
566
According to those above, the theoretical reinforcement can be calculated:

A2 =
MEd2
hf
d 2 * Fyd
3.200
= 91.74 cm
0.20
0.9
* 436.02
2
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section
MEd1 = MEd MEd2 = (5.063 3.200) * 103 = 1.863 * 103 kNm

cu =
MEd1
1.863
=
= 0.287 < lu = 0.372
b w * d * Fcd 0.40 * 0.9 * 20
For a S500B reinforcement and for a XC2 exposure class, there will be a:
be no compressed reinforcement.
cu = 0.287 < lu = 0.372 ,
therefore there will
There will be a calculation without compressed reinforcement:
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1
(1 2 * 0.287) ] = 0.435
z c1 = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.9 * (1 0.40 * 0.435) = 0.743m

A1 =
MEd1
1.863
=
= 57.46cm
z c1 * f yd 0.743 * 436.02
In conclusion the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=91.74+57.46=149.20cm2
A s,min
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
Therefore:
2.90
* 0.40 * 0.90 = 5.42 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
A s,min = max
= 5.42 cm
500
4
0.0013 * 0.40 * 0.90 = 4.68 * 10 m

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
ULS and SLS load combinations (kNm)

567



Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
5062.5 kNm
Az (Class B)
149.20 cm2
Amin
5.42 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-5062.5 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-149.031 cm
0.0329 %
Amin
Amin
-5.42219 cm
-0.0404 %
568
without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4986
Test status: Passed
5.40.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement
and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
5.40.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the

Loadings from the structure: G = 25 kN/m (including dead load),


Units
Metric System
569
Geometry
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

Humidity RH=50%
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q = 25 + 30 = 55 kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q = 25 + 0.3*30 = 34 kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ecq =
(25 + 30) * 5.80

= 231.28kNm
8
M Eqp =
(25 + 0.3 * 30) * 5.80

= 142.97kNm
8
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
t0 : concrete age t0 = 28 days

570
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
1 =
f
cm
If not
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
therefore:
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH = 50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
= 176mm
u
2 * (250 + 600)
50
100 = 1.89 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.89 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.70
=1+
0
0
cm
RH
0.1 * 3 176
1
Calculating the equivalence coefficient:

Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
f +8
Ecm = 22 * ck
10
0 .3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0 .3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
143
= 1 + 2.69 *
= 2.67
231
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.97
31476
143
1 + 2.69 *
231
bc = 0,6 * f ck = 0,6 *15 = 15Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
571

The position of the neutral axis must be determined by calculating
maximum stress on the concrete and reinforcement):
1 =
(position corresponding to the state of
e * c
16.97 *15
=
= 0.389
e * c + s 16.97 *18 + 400
Moment resistance calculation:

Knowing the 1 value, it can be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section, using the following
formulas:
x1 = 1 * d = 0.389 * 0.519 = 0.202 m
M rb =
1
x
0.202
* bw * x1 * c * (d 1 ) = 0.5 * 0.25 * 0.202 * 15 * 0.519

= 0.171MNm
2
3
3
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.519m
The moment resistance Mrb = 171KNm
Because
M Ecq = 231kNm > M rb = 171kNm
, the supposition of having no compressed reinforcement is
incorrect.
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section A1
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.202
= 0.519
= 0.452m
3
3
0.171
M rb
=
= 9.46cm
zc * s 0.452 * 400
Stress calculation for steel reinforcement sc:
'=
d ' 0.045
= 0.087
=
d 0.519
sc = e * c *
0.389 0.087
1 '
= 16.97 * 15 *
= 197.75MPa
0.389
1
Calculation of the steel compressed reinforcement A:
A' =
M ser M rb
0.231 0.171
=
= 6.44cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.519 0.045) *197.75
Calculation of the steel tensioned reinforcement A2:
A2 = A'*
197.75
sc
= 6.44 *
= 3.18cm
400
s
Calculation of the steel reinforcement :
A = A1 + A2 = 9.46 + 3.18 = 12.64cm
A' = 6.44cm
572


Where:
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
* 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.73 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 1.73cm
500
0.0013 * 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.69 * 10 4 m

6 nodes,
1 linear element.


(reference value: As=12.64cm2; A=6.44cm2)
573


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
231.28 kNm
Az
12.64 cm2
1.73 cm2
Amin

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-231.275 kN*m
Error
0.0022 %
Az
Az
-12.6425 cm
-0.0990 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
574
5.41 EC2 Test 15: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear
Test ID: 4998
Test status: Passed
5.41.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service Limit State
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the SLS load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az and of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.41.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a T concrete beam subjected to the

The calculation is performed considering bilinear stress-strain diagram


Units
Metric System
Geometry
575
Beam length: 8m
Beam height: h=0.76m
Exposure class XD1

Humidity RH=50%
Concrete: fck = 20MPa
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=20+10=30kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=20+0.3*10=23kN/ml
576
Load calculations:
M ser ,cq =
(20 + 10)* 8 = 240kNm
M ser ,qp =
(20 + 0.3 *10)* 8 = 184kNm
5.41.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of the creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 28Mpa 35Mpa
In this case
therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac 2 * 318000
=
= 162.24mm
u
3920
h0 =
50
100
= 1+
= 1.92 (, t 0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t 0 ) = 1.92 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 2.97
3
0.1* 162.24
1
RH

Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
577
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
184
= 1 + 2.97 *
= 3.28
240
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 21.89
2962
184
1 + 2.97 *
240
bc = 0,6 * f ck = 0,6 * 20 = 12Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
Neutral axis position calculation; Calculation of Mtser:
M tser
hf
0,10
s
3 * b * h 2 = 400 *
3 * 1,20 * 0,10 2 = 0,122 MNm
=
*
eff
f
2 *e d hf
43.77 0,669 0,10
d
0,669
M ser = 240kNm > M tser = 122kNm the neutral axes is on the beam body
Concrete compressive stresses
m =
M ser
beff * h f * (d
m + s
e
c = d *
h
d f
hf
2
=
)
0,240
0,10
)
1,20 * 0,10 * (0,669
2
= 3,23MPa
400
3,23 +
21.89 400 = 4,96MPa

s
=
0
,
669
*

0,669 0,10 21.89
e
c = 4.96MPa < c = 12MPa
=> there is no compressed reinforcement
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section As1
x1 =
e * c
21.89 * 4,96
* 0,669 = 14.30cm
d=
21.89 * 4,96 + 400
e * c + s
N c1 = beff * x1 *
c
2
= 1,20 * 0,1430 *
4,96
= 0,426 MN
2
M1 = Nc1 * z c1 = 0,426 * 0,622 = 0,265MN.m and z c1 = 0,669 0,1430 = 0,622m

3
As1 =
578
M1
0,265
=
= 10,65cm
zc1 * s 0,622 * 400
Calculation of the steel compressed reinforcement As2:
x 2 = x1 h f = 0,1430 0,10 = 0,0430m

c * x 2 4,96 * 0,0430
=
= 1,49MPa
x1
0,1430
c 2 =
Nc 2 = (beff b w ) * x 2
c 2
1,49
= (1,20 0,3) * 0,0430 *
= 0,029MN
2
2
M2 = Nc 2 * zc 2 = 0,029 * 0,555 = 0,016MNm

with zc 2 = 0,669 0,10
A s2 =
M2
zc 2 * s
0,0430
= 0,555m
3
0,016
= 0,72cm
0,555 * 400
Notions of serviceability moment M0 :
A s0 = A s1 A s2 = 10.65 0.72 = 9.93cm

M0 = M1 M2 = 0,265 0,016 = 0,249MN.m
Theoretical steel reinforcement section :
As =
A s0 * Mser 9,93 * 0,240

=
= 9,58cm
M0
0,249

fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
fyk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
Therefore:
2.21
* 0.30 * 0.669 = 2.31 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= 2.61cm
A s,min = max
500
0.0013 * 0.30 * 0.669 = 2.61 * 10 4 m

9 nodes,
1 linear element.
579
SLS load combinations(kNm)


(reference value: As=9.58cm2)
Minimum reinforcement area (cm2)


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
240 kNm
Az
9.58 cm2
Amin
2.57 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-240 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-9.603 cm
-0.2401 %
Amin
Amin
-2.61066 cm
-0.0253 %
580
5.42 EC2 Test 4 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot A efforts Inclined
Test ID: 4977
Test status: Passed
5.42.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, the constitutive law for
reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
- The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class A reinforcement steel ductility
- The minimum reinforcement percentage
5.42.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the value (hence the position of the neutral axis) to determine the Pivot efforts
(A or B) to be considered for the calculations.
The distinction between the Pivot A and Pivot B efforts is from the following diagram:
xu
cu 2
cu 2
= =
x u = .d =
.d
ud + cu 2
d
ud + cu 2
The limit for depends of the ductility class:
For a Class A steel: ud = 22.50
For a Class B steel: ud = 45
For a Class C steel: ud = 67.50
u = 0.1346
u = 0.072
u = 0.049
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, it will be used the
constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram.
S 500 A su = 432,71 + 952,38. su 454MPa

S 500 B su = 432,71 + 727,27. su 466MPa
S 500C su = 432,71 + 895,52. su 493MPa
The Pivot efforts types are described below:
Pivot A: Simple traction and simple bending or combined

Pivot B: Simple or combined bending
Pivot C: Combined bending with compression and simple compression
581


There will be considered a Class A reinforcement steel
The calculation will be made considering inclined stress-strain diagram

582

The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class A reinforcement steel ductility
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.90 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Effective height: d = h - (0.6 * h + ebz)=0.806 m; d = ebz = 0.040 m
Exposure class XC1

3
There will be considered a Class A reinforcement steel ductility
fck
25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
583
Loading
Dead load:
G=0.9*0.5*2.5=11.25 kN/ml
Load combinations:

Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(25+11.25)+1.5*50=123.94 kN/ml

CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=25+11.25+50=86.25kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
123.94 * 5.80
= 521.16kNm
8
M Ecq =
86.25 * 5.80
= 362.68kNm
8
For a S500B reinforcement steel, we have lu = 0.372 (since we consider no limit on the compression concrete to
SLS).
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.806 m

cu =
M Ed
0.52116 * 10 3 Nm
=
= 0,096
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.806 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
The value:
The condition: cu < u = 0.1346 is satisfied, therefore the Pivot A effort conditions are true
There will be a design in simple bending, by considering an extension on the reinforced steel tension equal to
ud = 22.50 , which gives the following available stress:
S500A su = 432,71 + 952,38 0.0225 = 454MPa
The calculation of the concrete shortening:
cu = su *
0.127
cu
= 22.50 *
= 3.27
1 cu
1 0.127
It is therefore quite correct to consider a design stress of concrete equal to
zc = d * (1 0,4 * cu ) = 0.806 * (1 0.4 * 0.127) = 0.765m

Au =
584
M Ed
0.52116
=
= 15.00cm
z c * f yd 0.765 * 454
f cd .

f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min

Where:
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
* 0.50 * 0.806 = 5.38 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 5.38cm
500
0.0013 * 0.50 * 0.806 = 5.24 * 10 4 m

7 nodes,
1 linear element.

585

For Class A reinforcement steel ductility (reference value: A=15.00cm2)


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
521.16 kNm
My,SLS
362.68 kNm
Az
Theoretical reinforcement area (Class A) [cm2]
15.00 cm2
Amin
5.38 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-521.125 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS
-362.657 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az Class A
-14.9973 cm
0.0000 %
Az
Az Class B
-14.9973 cm
0.7491 %
Amin
Amin
-5.37514 cm
0.0000 %
586
5.43 EC2 Test 8: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam without compressed reinforcement
Inclined stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4981
Test status: Passed
5.43.1 Description
The purpose of the test is to verify the results using a constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stressstrain diagram.
- The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class A reinforcement steel ductility
- The minimum reinforcement percentage
5.43.2 Background
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for using a constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the
inclined stress-strain diagram.


Reinforcement steel: Class A


The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to doth Class A reinforcement steel ductility
587
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.65 m,
Width: b = 0.28 m,
Length: L = 6.40 m,
2
Exposure class XD3

3
Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
30
= 20 MPa
1,5
f ctm = 0.30 * f ck2 / 3 = 0.30 * 30 2 / 3 = 2.90MPa

f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
0.3
30 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837MPa
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
588
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(25)+1.5*30=78.75kN/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=25+30=55kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.6 x Q=25+0.6*30=43kNm
Load calculations:
M Ed =
78.75 * 6.40
= 403.20kNm
8
M Ecq =
55 * 6.40
= 281.60kNm
8
M Eqp =
43 * 6.40
= 220.16kNm
8

(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
at t0=28 days
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0. 1 * 3 h
1 = 2 = 1 if fCM = 35MPa
589
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
In this case, fcm = fck + 8Mpa = 38Mpa
0.7
35
1 =
fcm
35
2 =
fcm
0.2
35
=
38
0.7
35
=
38
= 0.944
0.2
= 0.984
2 * Ac
2 * 280 * 650
h0 =
=
= 195.7mm
u
2 * ( 280 + 650)
RH
50
100
= 1 +
0.1 * 3 195.7
* 0.984 = 1.78
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 ) = 1.78 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.37
The coefficient of equivalence is determined using the following formula:
e =
Es
E cm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
=
MEqp
MEcar
200000
= 17.40
32837
220.16
1 + 2.37 *
281.60
f ck < 50MPa and
valid for a constitutive law considering
inclined stress-strain diagram:
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
K ( e ) = 104 * a + b * e + c * e
The values of the coefficients "a", "b" and "c" are defined in the following table:
Diagram for inclined stress-strain diagram
Diagram for bilinear stress-strain diagram
75,3 * f ck 189,8
71,2 * f ck + 108
5,6 * f ck + 874,5
5,2 * f ck + 847,4
0,04 * f ck 13
0,03 * f ck 12,5
This gives us:

a = 75.3 * 25 + 189.8 = 2069.2
b = 5,2 * 30 + 874.5 = 706.5
c = 0,04 * 30 13 = 11.8
K ( e ) = 10 4 (2069.2 + 706.5 * 17.60 11.80 * 17.60 ) = 1.087
590
Then:
437.76
= 1,425
307.2
luc = K ( e ).
f ck
= 0.272
( 4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
M Ed
0.403 *10 3 Nm
cu =
=
= 0,225
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.566 m 2 * 20MPa
cu = 0.225 < luc = 0.272
therefore, there is no compressed reinforcement

Effective height: d = 0.566m

cu = 0.225
z c = d * (1 0,4 * u ) = 0,566 * (1 0,4 * 0,323) = 0,493m
Au =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 11,68 * 10 4 m = 11,68cm
zc * f yd 0,458 * 434,78
Calculation of the stresses from the tensioned reinforcement:

Reinforcement steel elongation:
su =
1u
* cu 2 =
1 0,323
* 3.5 = 7.35
0,323
Tensioned reinforcement efforts:
su = 432,71 + 952,38 * su = 432,71 + 952,38 * 0.00735 = 439.71MPa 454MPa
Reinforcement section calculation:
Au =
M Ed
0.403
=
= 18.60 *10 4 m = 18.60cm
z c * f yd 0.493 * 439.71

fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
fct, eff = fctm = 2.90MPa from cracking conditions
591
Therefore:
As ,min
2.90
* 0.28 * 0.566 = 2.39 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 2.39cm
500
0.0013 * 0.28 * 0.566 = 2.06 * 10 4 m

7 nodes,
1 linear element.


For Class A reinforcement steel ductility (reference value: A=18.60cm2)

592

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
403.20 kNm
My,SLS
281.60 kNm
Az (Class A)
18.60 cm2
Amin
2.39 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-403.2 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS
-281.6 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-18.6006 cm
0.0000 %
Amin
Amin
-2.38697 cm
0.0000 %
593
without compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 5000
Test status: Passed
5.44.1 Description
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section.
5.44.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c and
compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s.

Loadings from the structure: G = 9.375 kN/m (including the dead load),
Mfq = Mcar = Mqp = 75 kNm
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G


Units
Metric System
594
Geometry
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

Stress-strain law for reinforcement: Inclined stress-strain diagram
Humidity RH=50%
Ast = 9,42cm
f ck = 20Mpa
f yk = 400Mpa
for 3 HA20
Boundary conditions
Outer:

Inner: None.
Loading

CCQ = 1.0 x G =9.375kN/ml
Load calculations:
Mfq = Mcar = Mqp = 75 kNm
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
595
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not, 1 =
f
cm
0.7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case,
Therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac
2 * 200 * 500
= 142.86mm
=
u
2 * (200 + 500)
50
100
=1+
= 1.96 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.96 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 3.03
3
0.1 * 142.86
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
= 1 + 3.03 * 1 = 4.03
=
M Eqp
200000
= 26.90
29962
1 + 3.03 *1
M Ecar
The maximum compression on the concrete is: bc = 0,6fck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa
596
Checking inertia cracked or not:

Before computing the constraints, check whether the section is cracked or not. For this, we determine the cracking
moment which corresponds to a tensile stress on the concrete equal to f ctm :
M cr =
f ctm * I
v
Where:
I=
b * h3 0,20 * 0,503
=
= 0,00208m 4
12
12
v=
h
= 0,25m
2
The average stress in concrete is:

2
3
ck
2
3
f ctm = 0.30 * f = 0.30 * 20 = 2,21Mpa

The critical moment of cracking is therefore:
M cr =
f ctm * I 2,21 * 0,00208

=
= 0,018MNm
v
0,25
The servility limit state moment is 0.075MNm therefore the cracking inertia is present.
1
* bw * x1 Ast * e * (d x1 ) + Asc * e * ( x1 d ' ) = 0
2
e * ( Asc + Ast ) + e2 * ( Asc + Ast ) + 2 * bw * e * (d '*Asc + d * Ast )

x1 =
bw
Asc = 0
x1 =
e * ( Ast ) + e2 * Ast + 2 * bw * e * d * Ast )

bw
x1 =
26.90 * 9,42 + 26.90 * 9,42 + 2 * 20 * 26,90 * (44 / 9,42)

= 23,04cm
20
b * x3
0,20 * 0,2303
+ 9,42 * 10 4 * 26.90 * (0,44 0,230) = 0,001929m 4

I = w 1 + Ast * e * (d x1 ) =
3
3

c =
0,075
M ser
* x1 =
* 0,230 = 8,94 Mpa c = 12 Mpa
0,001929
I
st = e * c *
d x1
0,44 0,230
= 26.90 * 8,94 *
= 219.57 Mpa s = 320 Mpa
x1
0,230
597

9 nodes,
1 linear element.


(reference value: c =8.94MPa )

(reference value: s=218.57MPa)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
75 kNm
Compressing stresses in concrete section c (MPa)
8.94 MPa
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s (MPa)
219.67 MPa

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-75 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc CQ
Sc CQ
8.99322 MPa
0.5953 %
Ss CQ
Ss CQ
-219.639 MPa
-0.0314 %
598
5.45 EC2 Test 12: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD3)
Test ID: 4985
Test status: Passed
5.45.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. The
verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
5.45.2 Background
Verify the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses, the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the verification of the minimum
reinforcement percentage are performed.



Units
Metric System
599
Geometry
Height: h = 0.65 m,
Width: b = 0.28 m,
Length: L = 6.40 m,
2
Effective height: d = h-(0.6*h+ebz) = 0.57m; d = ebz = 0.045 m
Exposure class XD3

Concrete density: 25 kN/m3
The concrete age t0 = 28 days
Humidity 50%
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q = 25 + 15 = 40 kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q = 25 + 0.3*15 = 29.5 kN/ml
Load calculations:
MEcq =
( 25 + 15) * 6.40
= 205 kNm
8
MEqp =
( 25 + 0.3 * 15) * 6.40

= 151 kNm
8
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.725MPa
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
600
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0. 2
therefore
In this case
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
2 =
f cm
35
=
38
0.2
0.7
35
=
38
= 0.944
0.2
= 0.984
In this case:
Humidity RH = 50 %
h0 =
RH
2 * 280 * 650
2 Ac
= 195.70mm
=
u
2 * (280 + 650)
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.78 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.78 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.37
=1+
0.1 * 3 195.70
1

Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
30 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
151
= 1 + 2.37 *
= 2.75
205
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.76
32837
151
1 + 2.37 *
205
601
bc = 0,6 * f ck = 0,6 * 30 = 18Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa

1 =
e * c
16.76 *15
=
= 0.430
e * c + s 16.76 *18 + 400

formulas:
x1 = 1 * d = 0.430 * 0.570 = 0.243 m

Mrb =
1
* b w * x1 * c
2
x
0.243
* d 1 = 0.5 * 0.28 * 0.243 * 18 * 0.570

= 0.297 MNm
3
3
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.57 m
The moment resistance Mrb = 297 KNm
Because MEcq = 205kNm < Mrb = 297 kNm the supposition of having no compressed reinforcement is correct.
Calculation of reinforcement area with max constraint on steel and concrete
The reinforcement area is calculated using the SLS load combination
Neutral axis position: 1 = 0,430

0.430
Lever arm: z c = d * 1 1 = 0.57 * 1

= 0.485 m
3
3
Reinforcement section: A s1,ser =
Mser
zc * s
0.205
= 10.56 cm
0.485 * 400

A s,min
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
fyk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
Therefore:
2.896
* 0.28 * 0.57 = 2.40 * 10 4 m

0.26
= 2.40 cm
A s,min = max
500
4
0.0013 * 0.28 * 0.57 = 2.07 * 10 m
602

7 nodes,
1 linear element.



603

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS

2
205 kNm
Az
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm ]
10.50 cm2
Amin
2.39 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-204.8 kN*m
Error
0.0976 %
Az
Az
-10.3489 cm
1.9991 %
Amin
Amin
-2.38697 cm
0.1268 %
604
5.46 EC2 Test 16: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear
Test ID: 4999
Test status: Passed
5.46.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the SLS load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az and of the minimum reinforcement percentage. This test performs verification for
the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms the
absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.46.2 Background



Units
Metric System
605
Geometry
Beam length: 8m
Beam height: h=0.67m
Exposure class XD1

Concrete: fck = 20MPa
Humidity RH=50%
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=40+10=50kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=40+0.3*10=43kN/ml
Load calculations:
M ser,cq =
M ser,qp =
606
(40 + 10) * 8
8
= 400 kNm
(40 + 0.3 * 10) * 8

8
= 344 kNm
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
if
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case,
therefore:
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac 2 *192600
=
= 123mm
u
3140
50
100 = 2 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 2 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 3.11
= 1+
RH
cm
0
0
0.1* 3 123
1

Es
E cm
e =
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
Where:
f +8
Ecm = 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962MPa
E s = 200000 MPa
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
= 1 + 3.11 *
344
= 3.68
400
607
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 24.54
29962
344
1 + 3.11*
400
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
Neutral axis position calculation; Calculation of Mtser:
M tser
hf
0,10
s
3 * b * h 2 = 400 *
3 *10.90 * 0,10 2 = 0,083MNm
=
*
eff
f
2 * e d h f
2 * 24.54 0,585 0,10
d
0,585
M ser = 400kNm > M tser = 83kNm the neutral axes is on the beam body
Concrete compressive stresses
m =
M ser
beff * h f * (d
m + s
e
c = d *
h
d f
hf
2
=
)
0,400
0,10
)
0.90 * 0,10 * (0,585
2
= 8.31MPa
400
8.31 +
24.54 400 = 10.61MPa

s
0
,
585
*
=

0,585 0,10 24.54
e
c = 10.61MPa < c = 12MPa
=> there is no compressed reinforcement
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section As1
and
608
Calculation of the steel compressed reinforcement As2:
x2 = x1 h f = 0,2306 0,10 = 0,1306m
c2 =
c * x2
x1
1.61* 0,1306
= 6.01MPa
0,2306
N c 2 = (beff bw ) * x2
c2
2
= (0.90 0,18) * 0,1306 *
6.01
= 0,282 MN
2
M 2 = N c 2 * z c 2 = 0,282 * 0,441 = 0,125MNm

with
z c 2 = 0,585 0,10
As 2 =
0,1306
= 0,441m
3
M2
0,125
=
= 7.06cm
zc 2 * s 0,441 * 400
Notions of serviceability moment M0 :
Theoretical steel reinforcement section :
As =
As 0 * M ser 20.46 * 0,400

=
= 18.83cm
M0
0,435

As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
Therefore:
As ,min
2.21
* 0.18 * 0.585 = 1.21*10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 1.37cm
500
4
0.0013 * 0.18 * 0.585 = 1.37 *10 m

9 nodes,
1 linear element.
609
SLS load combinations(kNm)


(reference value: As=18.83cm2)


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
400 kNm
Az
18.83 cm2
Amin
1.37 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-400 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-18.8948 cm
-0.3441 %
Amin
Amin
-1.36843 cm
0.1146 %
610
5.47 EC2 Test 6: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stressstrain diagram
Test ID: 4979
Test status: Passed
5.47.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and
for the results of the theoretical reinforcement area Az.
5.47.2 Background


Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 37.4kN/m,

The theoretical reinforcement area results
Units
Metric System
Geometry
611
Beam length: 8m
Exposure class XC1

Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
25
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
f ctm = 0.30 * f ck2 / 3 = 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa

Steel S500B :
f yd =
f yk
500
= 434.78MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*45+1.5*37.4=116.85kN/ml
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=45+34.7=79.7kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
612
116.85 * 8
= 934.8kNm
8

hf
M btu = beff * h f * d
2
0.15
* f cd == 1.00 * 0.15 * 0.435

* 16.67 = 9kNm
2
M btu = 900kNm < M Ed = 934.8kNm

Therefore, the concrete section is not entirely compressed;
Therefore, the calculations considering the T section are required.
5.47.2.3 Reference reinforcement calculation:

hf
M Ed 2 = (beff bw ) * h f * f cd * d
2
= 720kNm
0.15
= (1 0.20) * 0.15 *16.67 * 0.435

=
2
According to this value, the steel section is:
A2 =
M Ed 2
0.720
= 46.00cm
=
0.15
hf
* 347.8
d * f yd 0.435
2
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section.
M Ed 1 = M Ed M Ed 2 = 935 720 = 215kNm

cu =
M Ed 1
0.215
=
= 0.341
bw * d * Fcd 0.20 * 0.435 *16.67
For a S500B reinforcement and for a XC1 exposure class, there will be a: cu > lu = 0.372 , therefore there will be no
compressed reinforcement (the compression concrete limit is not exceeded because of the exposure class)
There will be a calculation without considering compressed reinforcement:
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * 0.341) = 0.544

z c1 = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.435 * (1 0.40 * 0.544) = 0.340m
A1 =
M Ed 1
0.215
=
= 14.52cm
z c1 * f yd 0.340 * 347.78
In conclusion, the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=46+14.52=60.52cm2

9 nodes,
613
1 linear element.



Result name
Az (Class B)
Result description
Reference value
2
60.52 cm2

Result name
Az
614
Result description
Az
Value
-60.5167 cm
Error
0.0055 %
without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4983
Test status: Passed
5.48.1 Description
5.48.2 Background



Units
Metric System
615
Geometry
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

The concrete age t0 =28 days
Concrete C25/30:
fcd =
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
Steel S500 :
f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
Ecm
f +8
= 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0. 3
= 31476MPa
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
616

CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=15+3.75+0.3*20=24.75kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kNm
8
M Eqp =
24.75 * 5,80
= 104.7kNm
8
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
16.8
( fcm ) =
fcm
(t0 ) =
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925MPa
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
t0 : concrete age t0 = 28days
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if fcm 35Mpa
35
If not, 1 =
fcm
0. 7
35
and 2 =
f cm
0.2
In this case,
, therefore 1 = 2 = 1
In this case,
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
2 Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
= 176.47mm
u
2 * (250 + 600 )
50
100
= 1.89 (, t 0 ) =
= 1+
0.1 * 3 176.47
1
RH
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 ) = 1.89 * 2.925 * 0.488 = 2.70
Therefore:
1 + (, t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
= 1 + 2.70 *
104
= 2.73
163
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 17.32
31476
104
1 + 2.70 *
163
617
bc = 0,6 f ck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa

1 =
e * c
17.32 *15
=
= 0.394
e * c + s 17.32 *15 + 400

Knowing the
formulas:
value, it can be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section, using the following
x1 = 1 * d = 0.394 * 0.519 = 0.204 m
Mrb =
x
0.204
1
* b w * x1 * c * (d 1 ) = 0.5 * 0.25 * 0.204 * 15 * 0.519

= 0.173MNm
3
3
2
Where:
Because
M Ecq = 162.94kNm < M rb = 173kNm
the supposition of having no compressed reinforcement is
correct.
Calculation of reinforcement area with max constraint on steel and concrete
The reinforcement area is calculated using the SLS load combination
Neutral axis position:
1 = 0,394

0.394
Lever arm: z c = d * 1 1 = 0.519 * 1

= 0.451m
3
3
Reinforcement section:
As1, ser =
M ser
0.163
=
= 9.03cm
zc * s 0.451 * 400

As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w

Where:
618
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
* 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.73 * 10 4 m

0.26
= max
= 1.73cm
500
0.0013 * 0.25 * 0.519 = 1.69 * 10 4 m

11 nodes,
1 linear element.



619

Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS

2
Az
Amin
162.94 kNm
9.03 cm2
1.73 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My USL
Value
-162.936 kN*m
Error
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-9.02822 cm
0.0197 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
620
with compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4987
Test status: Passed
5.49.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
The verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
5.49.2 Background

Linear loads:
Punctual loads
G=30kN
Q=25kN
2 = 0,3
Units
Metric System
621
Geometry
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.30 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

Humidity RH=50%
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Dead load:
0.40*0.80*25 = 8kN/ml
Load combinations:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=8+50+60=118kN/ml
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=8+50+0.3*60=76kN/ml
622
Load calculations:
M ser , cq =
(30 + 25) * 6.3 + (8 + 50 + 60) * 6.3 = 672.05kN .m
M ser , qp =
(30 + 0.3 * 25) * 6.3 + (8 + 50 + 0.3 * 60) 6.3 = 436.11kN .m
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
therefore
In this case
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 400 * 800
= 267 mm
=
u
2 * (400 + 800)
h0 =
RH
50
100 = 1.78 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.78 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.54
=1+
0
0
RH
cm
3
0.1 * 267
1

e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
623
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
435
= 1 + 2.54 *
= 2.65
672
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.82
31476
435
1 + 2.54 *
672
bc = 0,6 * f ck = 0,6 *15 = 15Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa

1 =
16.82 *15
e * c
=
= 0.387
e * c + s 16.82 *18 + 400

formulas:
x1 = 1 * d = 0.387 * 0.707 = 0.273 m

M rb =
x
0.273
1
* bw * x1 * c * (d 1 ) = 0.5 * 0.4 * 0.273 * 15 * 0.707

= 0.505MNm
3
2
3
Where:
Because
M Ecq = 672kNm > M rb = 505kNm
, the supposition of having no compressed reinforcement is
incorrect.
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section A1
zc = d
A1 =
624
x1
0.273
= 0.707
= 0.616m
3
3
M rb
0.505
=
= 20.51cm
zc * s 0.616 * 400
Stress calculation for steel reinforcement sc:
'=
d ' 0.045
=
= 0.064
d 0.707
sc = e * c *
0.387 0.067
1 '
= 16.82 * 15 *
= 210.78MPa
0.387
1
Calculation of the steel compressed reinforcement A:
A' =
M ser M rb
0.672 0.505
=
= 11.96cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045) * 210.78
Calculation of the steel tensioned reinforcement A2:
A2 = A'*
210.78
sc
= 11.96 *
= 6.30cm
400
s
Calculation of the steel reinforcement :
A = A1 + A2 = 20.51 + 6.30 = 26.81cm

f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min

Where:
f ct , eff = f ctm = 2.56MPa
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
* 0.40 * 0.707 = 3.76 * 10 4 m

0.26 *
= max
= 3.76cm
500
0.0013 * 0.40 * 0.707 = 3.68 * 10 4 m

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
625


(reference value: As=26.81cm2; A=11.96cm2)


Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
672 kNm
Az
26.81 cm2
Amin
3.77 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS
Value
-672.032 kN*m
Error
-0.0048 %
Az
Az
-26.8086 cm
0.0052 %
Amin
Amin
-3.77193 cm
-0.3173 %
626
5.50 EC2 Test 23: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5053
Test status: Passed
5.50.1 Description
5.50.2 Background
Concrete C25/30


The dead load family is be considered from three loads: two point loads of 55kN and 65kN and one linear load
of 25kN/m, placed along the beam as described in the picture:
627
The live load will consist of three loads: two point loads of 40kN and 35kN and one linear load of 20kN/m,
placed along the beam as described in the picture:

The theoretical reinforcement value
Units
Metric System
Geometry
628
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.30 m,
Length: L = 5.30 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Stirrup slope: 45
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
The maximum shear stresses from the concrete beam:
Using the software structure calculation the following values were obtained:
x = 0m => VEd = 406 KN
x = 0.50m (for the first point load) => VEd = 373.76 KN and VEd = 239.51 KN
x = 0.95m (for the second point load) => VEd = 210.82 KN and VEd = 70.57 KN
x = 2.06m the shear force is null => VEd = 0 KN
629
VRd , max = cw * 1 * f cd * zu * bw *
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2

Where:
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v1 = 0,6 * 1
f ck
250
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
VRd , max =
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90

f
25
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.54
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.623 = 0.561m
VRd , max =
0.54 * 16.67 * 0.561 * 0.30

= 0.757 MN
2
VEd = 0.406MN < VRd ,max = 0.757 MN

Is determined by considering the transverse reinforcement steels vertical ( = 90) and connecting rods inclined
at 45 , at different points of the beam.
Before the first point load:
Asw VEd . * tg 0,406 * tg 45

=
=
= 16,65cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0,561 *
1,15
Between the first and the second point load:
Asw 0,23951 * tg 45
=
= 9,82cm / ml
500
s
0,561 *
1,15
It also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:
Asw 0,20674 * tg 45
=
= 8,48cm / ml
500
s
0,561 *
1,15
630

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
Note: after the second point load, the minimum transverse reinforcement is set (noted with Atmin in ADVANCE Design)
(in cm/ml):
The reinforcement theoretical value is calculated using the formula:
0,08 * f ck
0,08 * 25
Asw
w, min * bw * sin =
* bw * sin =
* 0.30 * sin 90 = 2.4cm / ml
500
s
f yk
631

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Fz
Fz corresponding to 101 combination (ULS) x=0m [kN]
405.63 kN
Fz
Fz corresponding to 101 combination (ULS) x=0.5m [kN]
373.76 kN
Fz
239.51 kN
Fz
210.82 kN
Fz
70.57 kN
Atz
Transversal reinforcement area x=0m [cm /ml]
16,65 cm2/ml
Atz
Transversal reinforcement area x=0.501m [cm2/ml]
9.82 cm2/ml
Atz
Transversal reinforcement area x=5.3m [cm2/ml]
8.84 cm2/ml
At,min,z
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm2/ml]
2.40 cm2/ml

Result name
Fz
Result description
Fz,0
Value
-405.633 kN
Error
-0.0007 %
Fz
Fz,1
-373.758 kN
0.0005 %
Fz
Fz,1'
-239.445 kN
0.0271 %
Fz
Fz,2
-210.821 kN
-0.0005 %
Fz
Fz,2'
-70.5644 kN
0.0079 %
Atz
Atz,0
16.6391 cm
0.0547 %
Atz
Atz,1
9.82205 cm
0.0209 %
Atz
Atz,r
8.48058 cm
0.0068 %
Atminz
At,min,z
2.4 cm
0.0000 %
632
Test ID: 5076
Test status: Passed
5.51.1 Description
shear force diagram is generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max., will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, and the theoretical reinforcement. For the calculation, the reduced shear force
values will be used.
5.51.2 Background
Description: Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this
test, the shear force diagram is generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by
the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max. will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, and the theoretical reinforcement.
Concrete C25/30


The dead load will be represented by a linear load of 40kN/m
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25kN

The theoretical reinforcement value
633
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 5.75 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =45
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading:
VEd =
Pu * l
2
Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*40kN+1.50*25kN=91.5kN
In this case :
VEd =
5.75 * 91.5
= 263KN
2
5.51.2.2 Reference results in calculating the lever arm zc:

The lever arm is calculated using the design formula for pure bending:
Pu = 91.5kN / ml
M Ed =
cu =
634
91.5 * 5.75
= 378.15kNm
8
M Ed
0.378
=
= 0.167
bw * d * f cd 0.35 * 0.623 * 16.67
u = 1.25 * 1 1 2 * cu = 1.25 * 1 1 2 * 0.167 = 0.230

zc = d * (1 0.4 * u ) = 0.623 * (1 0.4 * 0.230) = 0.566m
Calculation of reduced shear force
When the shear force curve has no discontinuities, the EC2 allows to consider, as a reduction, the shear force to a
horizontal axis x = z. cot .
In the case of a member subjected to a distributed load, the equation of the shear force is:
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
Therefore:
x = z * cot = 0.566 * cot 45 = 0.566m

VEd , red = 91.5 * 0.566 263 = 211kN
Warning: Advance Design does not apply the reduction of shear force corresponding to the distributed loads (cutting
edge at x = d).
Calculation of maximum design shear resistance:
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
Where:
cw = 1
coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
VRd , max =
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90

f
25
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.54
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.623 = 0.56m
VRd , max =
0.54 * 16.67 * 0.566 * 0.35

= 0.891MN = 891kN
2
VEd = 236kN < VRd , max = 891kN
635

Given the vertical transversal reinforcement ( = 90), the transverse reinforcement is calculated using the following
formula:
Asw VEd . * tg 0,211 * tg 45

=
=
= 8,67cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0,566 *
1,15
Calculation of theoretical reinforcement value:
The French national annex indicates the formula:
Asw
w, min * bw * sin
s
With:
w, min =
0,08 * f ck 0,08 * 20
=
= 7.15 10 4
f yk
500
Asw
w, min * bw * sin = 7.15 * 10 4 * 0.2 * sin 90 = 1.43cm / ml
s
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for At,min,z (cm /ml)

Result name
Result description
Fz
At,min,z
Reference value
2
263 kN
1.43 cm2/ml
Theoretical reinforcement area [cm /ml]

Result name
Atminz
636
Result description
Atmin,z
Value
1.43108 cm
Error
0.0755 %
5.52 EC2 Test 19: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XD1)
Test ID: 5033
Test status: Passed
5.52.1 Description
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section; the maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings
are verified.
5.52.2 Background
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s; maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings.

Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 20 kN/m,


The maximum spacing of cracks
The crack opening
Units
Metric System
637
Geometry
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Exposure class XD1

Humidity RH=50%
A st = 15.46cm for 3 HA20+3 HA16
Boundary conditions
Outer:

Inner: None.
Loading
Load calculations:
M0Ed = 228 kNm
Mcar = 160 kNm
Mfq = 118 kNm
Mqp = 101 kNm
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
25 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
638
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
1 =
f
cm
If not
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore:
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 200 * 600
=
= 150mm
u
2 * (200 + 600)
h0 =
RH
50
100 = 1.94 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.94 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.77
=1+
RH
cm
0
0
0.1 * 3 150
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
= 1 + 2.77 *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
101
= 2.75
160
200000
= 2.75
31476
101
1 + 2.77 *
160
bc = 0,6 f ck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa
639

1
2
e * ( A sc + A st ) + e2 * ( A sc + A st ) + 2 * b w * e * (d'* A sc + d * A st )
x1 =
bw

x1 =
=
e * A st + e2 * A st + 2 * b w * e * d * A st )
b
Asc = 0
17.47 * 15.46 + 17.47 * 15.46 + 2 * 20 * 17.47 * 53 * 15.46

= 26.67cm
20

b * x3
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
3
0.2 * 0.2673
=
+ 15,46 * 10 4 * 17.47 * (0.53 0.267 ) = 0.00314m4
3
c =
M ser
0,101
* x1 =
* 0,267 = 8.59Mpa
I
0,00314
st = e * c *
0,53 0,267
d x1
= 17.47 * 8.59 *
= 147.82Mpa s = 400Mpa
0,267
x1
Maximum spacing of cracks:

Bottom reinforcement 3HA20+3HA16=15.46cm2
Ac , eff
2. 5 * ( h d )
2.5 * (0.6 0.53) = 0.175
(h x)
(0.6 0.267)
= b * min
=0.20 * min
= 0.111 = 0.2 * 0.111 = 0.0222m 2
3
3
h
0.6
= 0.3
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(2); Figure 7.1
p , eff =
eq =
As
15.46 * 104
=
= 0.070
Ac , eff
0.0222
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
= 18.22mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
sr ,max = k3 * c +
Where:
c=0.051m
640
0.425 * k1 * k 2 *
p ,eff
25
k3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
25
= 3.4 *
51
2/3
= 2.114
Therefore:
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 2.114 * 0.051 +
0.425 * 0.8 * 0.5 * (18.22 * 103 )

= 152mm
0.07
Calculation of average strain:
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.35
Ecm
31476
s kt *
sm cm =
f ct ,eff
p ,eff
* (1 + e . p ,eff )
Es
147.82 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.35 * 0.07)
0.07
= 6.33 *10 4 0,6 * s = 4.43 *10 4
Es
200000

wk = sr , max * ( sm cm ) = 152 * (6.33 104 ) = 0.096mm

For an exposure class XD1, using the French national annex, we retained an opening crack of 0.20mm max.

11 nodes,
1 linear element.


(reference value: c =8.59MPa )
641
(reference value: s=148MPa)
Maximum cracking space Sr,max

(reference value: Sr,max=152mm)
Maximum crack opening Wk

(reference value: Wk=0.096mm)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Mser-cq
160 kNm
Compressing stresses in concrete section c [MPa]
8.50 MPa
Compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s [MPa]
148 MPa
Sr,max
Maximum cracking space Sr,max [cm]
15.2 cm
Wk
Maximum crack opening Wk [cm]
0.0096 cm

Result name
My
Result description
My SLS cq
Value
-159.546 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc QP
Sc QP
8.50328 MPa
0.0000 %
Ss QP
Ss QP
-147.055 MPa
0.0000 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
15.3633 cm
0.9137 %
wk
Wk
-0.00966483 cm
-0.9137 %
642
5.53 EC2 Test 25: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with inclined
Test ID: 5065
Test status: Passed
5.53.1 Description
Verifies the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam C20/25 with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
For this test, the shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) is calculated, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement (Asw).
5.53.2 Background
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) is calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of
the shear reinforcement (Asw).
Concrete C20/25


The dead load will be represented by a punctual load of 105kN
The live load will be considered from one point load of 95kN

643
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 3.00 m,
Stirrup slope: = 45
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading:
a
VEd = Pu 1
l

Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*105kN=1.50*95kN=284.25kN
In this case (a=1m; l=3m):
1
VEd = 284,25 * 1 = 189,5 KN
3
644

Where:
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v1 = 0,6 * 1
f ck
250
In this case,
= 30 and = 45
f
20
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.55
250
250
zu = 0.9 * d = 0.9 * 0.435 = 0.392m

VRd, max = 0.54 * 13.33 * 0.392 * 0.20 *
(cot 45 + cot30) = 0.394

1 + cot 2 30
VEd = 0.1895MN < VRd , max = 0.394MN

The transverse reinforcement is calculated using the following formula:
Asw
VEd
0.18950
=
=
= 5.76cm / ml
s
zu * f ywd * (cot + cot ) * sin 0.392 * 434.78 * (cot 30 + cot 45) * sin 45
Beyond the point load, the shear force is constant and equal to Rb, therefore,
it also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:
0.09475
Asw
=
= 2.88cm / ml
s
0.392 * 434.78 * (cot 30 + cot 45) * sin 45
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
645

Result name
Result description
Reference value
Fz,1
Fz corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) x=1.0m [kN]
189.5 kN
Fz,2
Fz corresponding to the 101 combination (ULS) x=1.01m [kN]
94.75 kN
Theoretical reinforcement area at x=1.0m [cm /ml]
At,z,1
5.76 cm2/ml
Theoretical reinforcement area at x=1.01m [cm /ml]
At,z,2
2.88 cm2/ml

Result name
Fz
Result description
Fz,1
Value
-189.5 kN
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz,2
94.75 kN
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,1
5.76277 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,2
2.88139 cm
0.0000 %
646
5.54 Verifying the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards.
(DEV2013 #8.3)
Test ID: 5602
Test status: Passed
5.54.1 Description
Verifies the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards.
647
5.55 EC2 Test 4 II: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot B efforts Inclined
Test ID: 5893
Test status: Passed
5.55.1 Description
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement.
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot B efforts. For these tests, the constitutive law for
reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
The objective is to verify the longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class B reinforcement steel ductility.
5.55.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the value (hence the position of the neutral axis) to determine the Pivot efforts
(A or B) to be considered for the calculations.
The distinction between the Pivot A and Pivot B efforts is from the following diagram:
cu 2
cu 2
xu
= =
x u = .d =
.d
ud + cu 2
ud + cu 2
d
The limit for depends of the ductility class:
For a Class A steel: ud = 22.50
For a Class B steel: ud = 45
For a Class C steel: ud = 67.50
u = 0.1346
u = 0.072
u = 0.049
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, it will be used the
constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram.
S 500 A su = 432,71 + 952,38. su 454MPa

S 500 B su = 432,71 + 727,27. su 466MPa
S 500C su = 432,71 + 895,52. su 493MPa

The Pivot efforts types are described below:
648
Pivot A: Simple traction and simple bending or combined

Pivot B: Simple or combined bending
Pivot C: Combined bending with compression and simple compression


There will be considered a Class B reinforcement steel


The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class B reinforcement steel ductility
649
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Height: h = 0.90 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Effective height: d = h - (0.6 * h + ebz)=0.806 m; d = ebz = 0.040 m
Exposure class XC1

3
There will be considered a Class B reinforcement steel ductility
fck
25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
Boundary conditions
650
Outer:
Inner: None.
Loading
Dead load:
G=0.9*0.5*2.5=11.25 kN/ml
Load combinations:

Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(25+11.25)+1.5*50=123.94 kN/ml

CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=25+11.25+50=86.25kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
123.94 * 5.80
= 521.16kNm
8
M Ecq =
86.25 * 5.80
= 362.68kNm
8
For S500B reinforcement steel, we have lu = 0.372 (since we consider no limit on the compression concrete to
SLS).
Reference solution for reinforcement from Class B steel ductility
If the Class B reinforcement steel is chosen, the calculations must be done considering the Pivot B efforts.
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.806 m

M Ed
0.52116 * 103 Nm
=
= 0,096
cu =
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.806 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
The value:
A design in simple bending is performed and it will be considered a design stress of concrete equal to
f cd .
zc = d * (1 0,4 * cu ) = 0.806 * (1 0.4 * 0.127) = 0.765m
Tensioned reinforcement steel elongation :
Reinforcement steel stresses :
su =
1 u
* cu 2 =
1 0,127
* 3.5 = 24.1
0,127
su = 432,71 + 727,27 * su 466MPa

su = 432,71 + 727,27 * 0,0241 = 450.25Mpa 466MPa
Au =
M Ed
0.52116
=
= 15.13cm
z c * f yd 0.765 * 450.25

7 nodes,
1 linear element.
651



Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
My corresponding to 101 combination (ULS) [kNm]
521.16 kNm
My,SLS
My corresponding to 102 combination (SLS) [kNm]
362.68 kNm
Az
Theoretical reinforcement area (Class B) [cm2]
15.13 cm2

Result name
My
Result description
My corresponding to 101 combination (ULS)
Value
-521.125 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My corresponding to 102 combination (SLS)
-362.657 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Theoretical reinforcement area (Class B)
-15.1105 cm
0.0000 %
652
5.56 Verifying the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching
reinforcement results when Z down axis is selected. (TTAD #14963)
Test ID: 6200
Test status: Passed
5.56.1 Description
Verifies the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching reinforcement results when
Z down axis is selected.
The model consists in a c25/30 concrete planar element and four concrete columns (with R20/30, IPE400, D40,
L60*20 cross-sections) and is subjected to self weight and 1 live load of -100 KN.
653
5.57 EC2 Test 47: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to tension load - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XD2)
Test ID: 5964
Test status: Passed
5.57.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. Verification of the
bending stresses at ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state is performed.
Verification is done according to EN 1992-1-1 French annex.
5.57.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate and Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. During this



Units
Metric System
Geometry
654
Height: h = 0.20 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500, class A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are
used in relation to this material:
Exposure class XD2

Humidity RH=50%
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at start point (x=0) , fixed connection,
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Z.

Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:
Ultimate Limit State:
NEd = 1.35 * G + 1.5 * Q = 1.35 * 135 + 1.5 * 150 = 407 kN
Nser,cq = G + Q = 135 + 150 = 285 KN
Nser,qp = G + 0.3 * Q = 135 + 0.3 * 150 = 180 KN
5.57.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal reinforcement and the crack width
Calculating for ultimate limit state:
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.407
= 9.37 * 10 4 m = 9.37cm
500
1.15
Calculating for serviceability limit state:
As , ser
N ser
s = 0,8 * f yk = 0,8 * 500 = 400Mpa
As ,ser
0.285
= 7.13 *10 4 m = 7.13cm
400
Final reinforcement
Is retained the steel section between the maximum theoretical calculation at ULS and calculating the SLS or
Ath = 9.37 cm .
Therefore, 4HA20 = A = 12.57 cm .
655
Constraint checking to the ELS:
s =
N ser
0.285
s =>
= 226.80 MPa s = 400 MPa
As ,ser
0.001257
Crack opening verification:

It will be checked the openings of cracks by considering 4HA20.
Calculating the maximum spacing between the cracks
The maximum spacing of cracks is given by the formula:
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff

The effective depth d must be estimated by considering the real reinforcement of the beam:
d = 20 5 0.6
Ac , eff
2
= 13.4cm
2
2.5 * (0.20 0.134) = 0.165

2.5 * (h d )
= 0.020
= b * min
= 0.20 * min
0.20
h
= 0.100
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 7.3.4(2); Figure: 7.1
Ac ,eff = 0.040m
p , eff
this value was multiplied by two because the section is fully stretched
As
12.57 * 104
= 0.031
=
=
0.040
Ac , eff
eq =
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
= 20mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
Concrete cover of 5cm and HA6 reinforcement, therefore c=5+0.6=5.6cm
k 1 = 0.8 HA bars
k 2 = 1 pure tension sizing
25
k 3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
sr , max = k3 * c +
656
25
= 3.4 *
56
2/3
= 1.99
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 1.99 * 56 +
0.425 * 0.8 * 1 * 20
= 331mm
0.031
Calculation of average deformations
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.35
Ecm
31476
Steel stresses in SLSqp:
s =
N ser qp
As ,ser
0.180
= 143.2Mpa
0.001257
s k t *
sm cm =
fct,eff
p,eff
* (1 + e * p,eff )
=
Es
= 5.17 * 10 4 0,6 *
143 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.35 * 0.031)
0.031
=
200000
s
= 4.30 * 10 4
Es

wk = sr , max * ( sm cm ) = 331 * (5.17 *104 ) = 0.171mm

For an exposure class XD2, applying the French national annex, it retained a maximum opening of 0.20mm crack.
In case one control for cracking is required:
As Ac .
f ctm
f yk
Because h<0.3m
f ctm = 0.30 * f ck2 / 3 = 0.30 * 252 / 3 = 2,56Mpa

According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2);Table 3.1
Ac = 0.20 * 0.20 = 0.04m

As Ac *
f ctm
2.56
= 0.04 *
= 2.05cm
f yk
500

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
Longitudinal reinforcement for ULS and SLS load combinations (kNm)

ULS (reference value: Az=9.36 cm2=2*4.68 cm2)
657
SLS (reference value: Az=7.12 cm2=2*3.56 cm2)
Stresses in the steel reinforcement

(reference value: s= 226.80Mpa)
Maximum spacing of cracks Sr, max (m)

(reference value: Sr,max= 0.331m)
Crack width wk (mm)

(reference value: wk= 0.171mm)

Result name
658
Result description
Reference value
2
Az,ULS
Theoretical reinforcement area for the ULS load combination [cm ]
4.68 cm2
Stresses in steel reinforcement [MPa]
226.77 MPa
Sr, max
Maximum spacing of cracks [m]
33.1 cm
wk
Crack width [mm]
0.017 cm

Result name
Az
Result description
Az,USL
Value
-4.68337 cm
Error
0.0000 %
Ss CQ
SigmaS
-226.766 MPa
0.0018 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
32.7639 cm
-0.7155 %
wk
wk
-0.0170451 cm
-0.2653 %
659
5.58 EC2 Test 47 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a tension distributed load Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD2)
Test ID: 5887
Test status: Passed
5.58.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C25/30 subjected to a tension distributed load - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XD2).
area and the verification of the minimum reinforcement area.
5.58.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. During this

135 kN/m axial force
The self-weight is included

Exploitation loadings (category A) (Q):
150 kN/m axial force
Units
Metric System
660
Geometry
Height: h = 0.20 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Concrete cover: c = 5.00 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local
z axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500, class A reinforcement steel are used. The following characteristics are
used in relation to this material:
Exposure class XD2

3
Concrete density: 25 kN/m
The concrete age t0 = 28 days
Humidity RH = 50%
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
2
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete:
f ctm = 0.30 * ( f ck ) 3 = 2.56 MPa
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Support at start point (x=0) , fixed connection,
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Z.

Inner: None.
Loading
Load combinations:

N ser ,cq = G + Q = 135 + 150 = 285 KN = 0.285MN

N ser ,qp = G + 0.3 * Q = 135 + 0.3 *150 = 180 KN = 0.180MN
661
5.58.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal and the minimum reinforcement
Calculating the longitudinal reinforcement for serviceability limit state:
As , ser
N ser
s = 0.8 * f yk = 0.8 * 500 = 400MPa

As ,ser
0.285
= 7.13 *10 4 m = 7.13cm
400
Calculating the minimum reinforcement:
Ac = 0.20 * 0.20 = 0.04m

As Ac *
f ctm
2.56
= 0.04 *
= 2.05cm
f yk
500

6 nodes,
1 linear element.
Longitudinal reinforcement for SLS load combinations

SLS (reference value: Az = 7.13 cm2 = 2*3.565 cm2)
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement

(reference value: Amin= 2.05 cm2)

Result name
Result description
Reference value
2
Az,SLS
Theoretical reinforcement area for the SLS load combination [cm ]
3.565 cm2
Amin
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement [cm2]
2.05 cm2

Result name
Az
Amin
662
Result description
Theoretical reinforcement
combination
area
Minimum longitudinal reinforcement
for
the
SLS
load
Value
-3.5625 cm
Error
0.0000 %
2.05197 cm
0.0000 %
5.59 Testing the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis
model (TTAD #14332)
Test ID: 6189
Test status: Passed
5.59.1 Description
Tests the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis mode and generates the
corresponding report.
5.60 EC2: column design with Nominal Stiffness method square section (TTAD #11625)
Test ID: 3001
Test status: Passed
5.60.1 Description
Verifies and generates the corresponding report for the longitudinal reinforcement bars of a column. The column is
designed with "Nominal stiffness method", with a square cross section (C40).
5.61 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar with rectangular cross
section
Test ID: 4179
Test status: Passed
5.61.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation according to the Eurocodes 2 French DAN. Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement and generates the corresponding report: "Longitudinal
reinforcement linear elements".
The model consists of a concrete linear element with rectangular cross section (R18*60) with rigid hinge supports at
both ends and two linear vertical loads: -15.40 kN and -9.00 kN.
5.62 Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for an articulated beam (TTAD
#11342)
Test ID: 3638
Test status: Passed
5.62.1 Description
Verifies the minimum transverse reinforcement area for an articulated horizontal beam.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation and generates the "Transverse
reinforcement linear elements" report.
The beam has a rectangular cross section (R20*50), B25 material and two hinge rigid supports at both ends.
663
5.63 Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for articulated beams (TTAD
#11342)
Test ID: 3639
Test status: Passed
5.63.1 Description
Verifies the minimum transverse reinforcement area for two articulated horizontal beams.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation and generates the "Transverse
reinforcement linear elements" report.
Each beam has rectangular cross section (R30*70), B25 material and two hinge rigid supports at both ends.
On each beam there are applied:
- Dead loads: a linear load of -25.00 kN and two punctual loads of -55.00 kN and -65.00 kN
- Live loads: a linear load of -20.00 kN and two punctual loads of -40.00 kN and -35.00 kN.
5.64 Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a structure with 375 load cases combinations
(TTAD #11683)
Test ID: 3475
Test status: Passed
5.64.1 Description
Verifies the reinforced concrete results for a model with more than 100 load cases combinations.
On a concrete structure there are applied: dead loads, self weight, live loads, wind loads (according to NV2009) and
accidental loads. A number of 375 combinations are obtained.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforcement areas
planar elements report.
5.65 Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a fixed beam (TTAD #11836)
Test ID: 3542
Test status: Passed
5.65.1 Description
Verifies the concrete results on a fixed horizontal beam.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforced concrete
calculation results report.
The beam has a R25*60 cross section, C25/30 material and has a rigid hinge support at one end and a rigid support
with translation restraints on Y and Z at the other end. A linear dead load (-28.75 kN) and a live load (-50.00 kN) are
applied.
664
5.66 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a fixed linear element (TTAD #11700)
Test ID: 3547
Test status: Passed
5.66.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the longitudinal
reinforcement and generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a rectangular cross section R40*80, has a rigid hinge support at one end and a rigid support with
translation restraints on Y and Z. Four loads are applied: a linear dead load of -50.00 kN on FZ, a punctual dead load
of -30.00 kN on FZ, a linear live load of -60.00 kN on FZ and a punctual live load of -25.00 kN on FZ.
5.67 Verifying concrete results for linear elements (TTAD #11556)

Test ID: 3549
Test status: Passed
5.67.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a horizontal concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the reinforcement and
generates the reinforced concrete analysis report: data and results.
The bar has a rectangular cross section R20*50, a rigid hinge support at one end, a rigid support with translation
restraints on X, Y and Z and rotation restraint on X.
5.68 Verifying concrete results for planar elements (TTAD #11583)

Test ID: 3548
Test status: Passed
5.68.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results on planar elements.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforced concrete
analysis report: data and results.
The model consists of two planar elements (C20/25 material) with rigid fixed linear supports. On each element, a
punctual load of 50.00 kN on FX is applied.
5.69 Verifying the reinforcement of concrete columns (TTAD #11635)

Test ID: 3564
Test status: Passed
5.69.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement of a concrete column.
665
5.70 Verifying Aty and Atz for a fixed concrete beam (TTAD #11812)
Test ID: 3528
Test status: Passed
5.70.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation of a model with a horizontal concrete
beam.
The beam has a R20*50 cross section and two hinge rigid supports.
Verifies Aty and Atz for the fixed concrete beam.
5.71 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement bars for a filled circular column (TTAD #11678)
Test ID: 3543
Test status: Passed
5.71.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a circular cross section with a radius of 40.00 cm and a rigid hinge support. A vertical punctual load of 5000.00 kN is applied.
5.72 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for linear elements (TTAD #11636)
Test ID: 3545
Test status: Passed
5.72.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the longitudinal
reinforcement and generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a square cross section of 30.00 cm, a rigid fixed support at the base and a support with translation
restraints on X and Y. A vertical punctual load of -1260.00 kN is applied.
5.73 EC2 : calculation of a square column in traction (TTAD #11892)

Test ID: 3509
Test status: Passed
5.73.1 Description
The test is performed on a single column in tension, according to Eurocodes 2.
The column has a section of 20 cm square and a rigid support. A permanent load (traction of 100 kN) and a live load
(40 kN) are applied.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the longitudinal
reinforcement report.
666
6 General Applications
6.1
Verifying element creation using commas for coordinates (TTAD #11141)

Test ID: 4554
Test status: Passed
6.1.1 Description
Verifies element creation using commas for coordinates in the command line.
6.2
Verifying the precision of linear and planar concrete covers (TTAD #12525)
Test ID: 4547
Test status: Passed
6.2.1 Description
Verifies the linear and planar concrete covers precision.
6.3
Defining the reinforced concrete design assumptions (TTAD #12354)

Test ID: 4528
Test status: Passed
6.3.1 Description
Verifies the definition of the reinforced concrete design assumptions.
6.4
Generating liquid pressure on horizontal and vertical surfaces (TTAD #10724)

Test ID: 4361
Test status: Passed
6.4.1 Description
Generates liquid pressure on a concrete structure with horizontal and vertical surfaces. Generates the loadings
description report.
6.5
Verifying 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled (TTAD #12238)
Test ID: 4480
Test status: Passed
6.5.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a model with 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled.
6.6
Verifying the objects rename function (TTAD #12162)

Test ID: 4229
Test status: Passed
6.6.1 Description
Verifies the renaming function from the properties list of a linear element. The name contains the "_" character.
668
6.7
Creating and updating model views and post-processing views (TTAD #11552)
Test ID: 3820
Test status: Passed
6.7.1 Description
Creates and updates the model view and the post-processing views for a simple steel frame.
6.8
Changing the default material (TTAD #11870)

Test ID: 4436
Test status: Passed
6.8.1 Description
Selects a different default material for concrete elements.
6.9
Importing a cross section from the Advance Steel profiles library (TTAD #11487)
Test ID: 3719
Test status: Passed
6.9.1 Description
Imports the Canam Z 203x10.0 section from the Advance Steel Profiles library in the Advance Design list of available
cross sections.
6.10 Verifying mesh, CAD and climatic forces - LPM meeting

Test ID: 4079
Test status: Passed
6.10.1 Description
Generates the "Description of climatic loads" report for a model consisting of a concrete structure with dead loads,
wind loads, snow loads and seism loads. Performs the model verification, meshing and finite elements calculation.
Generates the "Displacements of linear elements by element" report.
6.11 Creating a new Advance Design file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar
(TTAD #12102)
Test ID: 4095
Test status: Passed
6.11.1 Description
Creates a new .fto file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar. Creates a rigid punctual support and
tests the CAD coordinates.
669
6.12 Verifying the appearance of the local x orientation legend (TTAD #11737)
Test ID: 4109
Test status: Passed
6.12.1 Description
Verifies the color legend display. On a model with a planar element, the color legend is enabled; it displays the
elements by the local x orientation color.
6.13 Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5)
Test ID: 4164
Test status: Passed
6.13.1 Description
Creates system trees using the copy/paste commands in the Pilot. The source system consists of several
subsystems. The target system is in the source system.
6.14 Launching the verification of a model containing steel connections (TTAD #12100)
Test ID: 4096
Test status: Passed
6.14.1 Description
Launches the verification function for a model containing a beam-column steel connection.
6.15 Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5)
Test ID: 4162
Test status: Passed
6.15.1 Description
Creates system trees using the copy/paste commands in the Pilot. The source system consists of several
subsystems. The target system is on the same level as the source system.
6.16 Verifying material properties for C25/30 (TTAD #11617)

Test ID: 3571
Test status: Passed
6.16.1 Description
Verifies the material properties on a model with a concrete (C25/30) bar. Generates the material description report.
670
6.17 Verifying the synthetic table by type of connection (TTAD #11422)

Test ID: 3646
Test status: Passed
6.17.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the steel calculation on a structure with four types of connections.
Generates the "Synthetic table by type of connection" report.
The structure consists of linear steel elements (S275) with CE505, IPE450, IPE140 and IPE500 cross section. The
model connections: columns base plates, beam - column fixed connections, beam - beam fixed connections and
gusset plate. Live loads, snow loads and wind loads are applied.
6.18 Verifying the overlapping when a planar element is built in a hole.(TTAD #13772)
Test ID: 6214
Test status: Passed
6.18.1 Description
Verifies that when a planar element is built in a hole of another planar element by checking the mesh.
6.19 Verifying geometry properties of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11601)
Test ID: 3546
Test status: Passed
6.19.1 Description
Verifies the geometry properties of a steel structure with elements which have compound cross sections (CS4
IPE330 UPN240). Generates the geometrical data report.
671
7 Import / Export
7.1
Verifying the export of a linear element to GTC (TTAD #10932, TTAD #11952)
Test ID: 3628
Test status: Passed
7.1.1
Description
Exports a linear element to GTC.
7.2
Exporting an Advance Design model to DO4 format (DEV2012 #1.10)

Test ID: 4101
Test status: Passed
7.2.1
Description
Launches the "Export > Text file" command and saves the current project as a .do4 archive file.
The model contains all types of structural elements, loads and geometric objects.
7.3
Exporting an analysis model to ADA (through GTC) (DEV2012 #1.3)

Test ID: 4193
Test status: Passed
7.3.1
Description
Exports the analysis model to ADA (through GTC) with:
- Export results: enabled
- Export meshed model: disabled
7.4
Verifying the GTC files exchange between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS (DEV2012 #1.9)
Test ID: 4445
Test status: Passed
7.4.1
Description
Verifies the GTC files exchange (import/export) between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS.
7.5
Importing GTC files containing elements with haunches from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12172)
Test ID: 4297
Test status: Passed
7.5.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS. The file contains steel linear elements with haunch sections.
674
7.6
Exporting an analysis model to ADA (through GTC) (DEV2012 #1.3)

Test ID: 4195
Test status: Passed
7.6.1
Description
Exports the analysis model to ADA (through GTC) with:
- Export results: disabled
- Export meshed model: enabled
7.7
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS
(TTAD #12197)
Test ID: 4388
Test status: Passed
7.7.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS. The file contains elements with circular hollow section. Verifies if the cross
sections are imported from the attached "UK Steel Sections" database.
7.8
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS
(TTAD #12197)
Test ID: 4389
Test status: Passed
7.8.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS when the "UK Steel Sections" database is not attached. The file contains
elements with circular hollow section. Verifies the cross sections definition.
7.9
Verifying the releases option of the planar elements edges after the model was exported and
imported via GTC format (TTAD #12137)
Test ID: 4506
Test status: Passed
7.9.1
Description
Exports to GTC a model with planar elements on which the edges releases were defined. Imports the GTC file to
verify the planar elements releases option.
7.10 System stability when importing AE files with invalid geometry (TTAD #12232)
Test ID: 4479
Test status: Passed
7.10.1 Description
Imports a complex model containing elements with invalid geometry.
675
7.11 Verifying the load case properties from models imported as GTC files (TTAD #12306)
Test ID: 4515
Test status: Passed
7.11.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a model with dead load cases and exports the model to GTC. Imports the
GTC file to verify the load case properties.
7.12 Importing IFC files containing continuous foundations (TTAD #12410)

Test ID: 4531
Test status: Passed
7.12.1 Description
Imports an IFC file containing a continuous foundation (linear support) and verifies the element display.
Exporting linear elements to IFC format (TTAD #10561)

Test ID: 4530
Test status: Passed
7.12.2 Description
Exports to IFC format a model containing linear elements having sections of type "I symmetric" and "I asymmetric".
7.13 Importing GTC files containing "PH.RDC" system (TTAD #12055)

Test ID: 4548
Test status: Passed
7.13.1 Description
Imports a GTC file exported from Advance Design. The file contains the automatically created system "PH.RDC".
7.14 Exporting a meshed model to GTC (TTAD #12550)

Test ID: 4552
Test status: Passed
7.14.1 Description
Exports a meshed model to GTC. The meshed planar element from the model contains a triangular mesh.
676
8 Joint Design
8.1
Deleting a welded tube connection - 1 gusset bar (TTAD #12630)

Test ID: 4561
Test status: Passed
8.1.1
Description
Deletes a welded tube connection - 1 gusset bar after the joint was exported to ADSC.
8.2
Creating connections groups (TTAD #11797)

Test ID: 4250
Test status: Passed
8.2.1
Description
Verifies the connections groups function.
678
9 Mesh
9.1
Verifying the mesh for a model with generalized buckling (TTAD #11519)
Test ID: 3649
Test status: Passed
9.1.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the mesh for a model with generalized buckling.
9.2
Creating triangular mesh for planar elements (TTAD #11727)

Test ID: 3423
Test status: Passed
9.2.1
Description
Creates a triangular mesh on a planar element with rigid supports and self weight.
9.3
Verifying mesh points (TTAD #11748)

Test ID: 3458
Test status: Passed
9.3.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the mesh nodes of a concrete structure.
The structure consists of concrete linear elements (R20*20 cross section) and rigid supports; the loads applied on the
structure: dead loads, live loads, wind loads and snow loads, according to Eurocodes.
9.4
Verifying the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.(TTAD
#15251)
Test ID: 6215
Test status: Passed
9.4.1
Description
Verifies the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.
9.5
Verifying the mesh of a planar element influenced by peak smoothing.

Test ID: 6190
Test status: Passed
9.5.1
Description
Verifies the mesh of a planar concrete element influenced by peak smoothing.
The model consists in a c25/30 concrete planar element and four concrete columns (2 x r20/30, 1 x IPE400, 1 x D40)
and is subjected to self weight and 2 live loads of -20KN respectively -100 KN.
680
10 Other Climatic Engines
10.1 NV2009: Verifying wind on a protruding canopy. (TTAD #13880)

Test ID: 6173
Test status: Passed
10.1.1 Description
Generates wind on a protruding canopy according to NV2009 - French climatic standards.
10.2 NV2009: Generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height (TTAD #12604)
Test ID: 4567
Test status: Passed
10.2.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height, according to the French standard (NV2009).
10.3 NV2009: Verifying wind and snow reports for a protruding roof (TTAD #11318)
Test ID: 4536
Test status: Passed
10.3.1 Description
Generates wind loads and snow loads according to NV2009 - French climatic standards. Verifies wind and snow
reports for a protruding roof.
10.4 NV2009: generating wind loads and snow loads on a simple structure with planar support
(TTAD #11380)
Test ID: 4091
Test status: Passed
10.4.1 Description
Generates wind loads and snow loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with a planar support, according to
NV2009 French standards.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
682
11 Reports Generator
11.1 Generating a report with modal analysis results (TTAD #10849)

Test ID: 3734
Test status: Passed
11.1.1 Description
Generates a report with modal results for a model with seismic actions.
11.2 System stability when the column releases interfere with support restraints (TTAD #10557)
Test ID: 3717
Test status: Passed
11.2.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the systems description report for a structure which has
column releases that interfere with the supports restraints.
The structure consists of steel beams and steel columns (S235 material, HEA550 cross section) with rigid fixed
supports.
11.3 Modal analysis: eigen modes results for a structure with one level
Test ID: 3668
Test status: Passed
11.3.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Characteristic values of eigen modes" report.
The one-level structure consists of linear and planar concrete elements with rigid supports. A modal analysis is
defined.
11.4 Generating the critical magnification factors report (TTAD #11379)

Test ID: 3647
Test status: Passed
11.4.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the steel calculation on a structure with four types of connections.
Generates the "Synthetic table by type of connection" report.
The structure consists of linear steel elements (S275) with CE505, IPE450, IPE140 and IPE500 cross section. The
model connections: columns base plates, beam - column fixed connections, beam - beam fixed connections and
gusset plate. Live loads, snow loads and wind loads are applied.
11.5 Verifying the model geometry report (TTAD #12201)

Test ID: 4467
Test status: Passed
11.5.1 Description
Generates the "Model geometry" report to verify the model properties: total weight, largest structure dimensions,
center of gravity.
684
11.6 Verifying the shape sheet for a steel beam (TTAD #12455)
Test ID: 4535
Test status: Passed
11.6.1 Description
Verifies the shape sheet for a steel beam.
11.7 Verifying the shape sheet report (TTAD #12353)

Test ID: 4545
Test status: Passed
11.7.1 Description
Generates and verifies the shape sheet report.
11.8 Verifying the EC2 calculation assumptions report (TTAD #11838)

Test ID: 4544
Test status: Passed
11.8.1 Description
Verifies the EC2 calculation assumptions report.
11.9 Verifying the Max row on the user table report (TTAD #12512)
Test ID: 4558
Test status: Passed
11.9.1 Description
Verifies the Max row on the user table report.
11.10 Verifying the Min/Max values from the user reports (TTAD# 12231)
Test ID: 4505
Test status: Passed
11.10.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates a user report containing the results of Min/Max values.
11.11 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the end point of super element)
(TTAD #12230, TTAD #12261)
Test ID: 4503
Test status: Passed
11.11.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on the end point
of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
685
11.12 Creating the steel materials description report (TTAD #11954)

Test ID: 4100
Test status: Passed
11.12.1Description
Generates the "Steel materials" report as a .txt file.
The model consists of a steel structure with supports and a base plate connection.
11.13 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on each 1/4 of mesh element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4486
Test status: Passed
11.13.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on each 1/4
of mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
11.14 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on end points and middle of
super element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4488
Test status: Passed
11.14.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on end
points and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
11.15 Creating the rules table (TTAD #11802)

Test ID: 4099
Test status: Passed
11.15.1Description
Generates the "Rules description" report as .rtf and .txt file.
The model consists of a steel structure with supports and a base plate connection. Two rules were defined for the
steel calculation.
11.16 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the start point of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4490
Test status: Passed
11.16.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the start
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
686
11.17 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on all quarters of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4487
Test status: Passed
11.17.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on all
quarters of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
11.18 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on each 1/4 of mesh element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4492
Test status: Passed
11.18.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on each
1/4 of mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
11.19 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on start and end of super
Test ID: 4489
Test status: Passed
11.19.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the start
and end of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
11.20 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on end points and middle of
super element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4494
Test status: Passed
11.20.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on end
points and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
687
11.21 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the start point of super
Test ID: 4496
Test status: Passed
11.21.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on the start
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230)
Test ID: 4498
Test status: Passed
11.21.2Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on each 1/4 of
mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
11.22 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the start point of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4502
Test status: Passed
11.22.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on the start point
11.23 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on end points and middle of super
Test ID: 4500
Test status: Passed
11.23.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on end points
and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
688
11.24 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on all quarters of super
Test ID: 4493
Test status: Passed
11.24.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on all
quarters of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the end point of super
element) (TTAD #12230, TTAD #12261)
Test ID: 4497
Test status: Passed
11.24.2Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on the end
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
11.25 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on start and end of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4501
Test status: Passed
11.25.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on start and end
11.26 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the end point of super
element) (TTAD #12230, #12261)
Test ID: 4491
Test status: Passed
11.26.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the end
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
689
11.27 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on start and end of super
Test ID: 4495
Test status: Passed
11.27.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on start
and end of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
11.28 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on all quarters of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4499
Test status: Passed
11.28.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on all quarters of
super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
11.29 Verifying the shape sheet strings display (TTAD #12622)

Test ID: 4559
Test status: Passed
11.29.1Description
Verifies the shape sheet strings display for a steel beam with circular hollow cross-section.
11.30 Verifying the modal analysis report (TTAD #12718)

Test ID: 4576
Test status: Passed
11.30.1Description
Generates and verifies the modal analysis report.
11.31 Verifying the steel shape sheet display (TTAD #12657)

Test ID: 4562
Test status: Passed
11.31.1Description
Verifies the steel shape sheet display when the fire calculation is disabled.
690
12 Seismic Analysis
12.1 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls

Test ID: 4803
Test status: Passed
12.1.1 Description
Verifies the torsors on walls. Eurocode 8 with French Annex is used.
12.2 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure
Test ID: 4810
Test status: Passed
12.2.1 Description
Verifies torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure. EC8 with French Annex is used.
12.3 EC8: verifying the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints (TTAD #12706)
Test ID: 4859
Test status: Passed
12.3.1 Description
Verifies the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints for a simple structure subjected to seismic action
according to EC8 French annex.
12.4 Verifying the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports (TTAD #13011).
Test ID: 4853
Test status: Passed
12.4.1 Description
Verifies the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports. The model has 2 seismic cases. Only one case
uses the damping correction. The seismic spectrum is generated according to the Eurocodes 8 - French standard
(NF EN 1993-1-8/NA).
12.5 Seismic norm PS92: verifying efforts and torsors on planar elements (TTAD #12974)
Test ID: 4858
Test status: Passed
12.5.1 Description
Verifies efforts and torsors on several planar elements of a concrete structure subjected to horizontal seismic action
(according to PS92 norm).
692
12.6 Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #12472)
Test ID: 4537
Test status: Passed
12.6.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by load case" report for
a concrete beam with rectangular cross section R20*30 with fixed rigid punctual support. Model loads: self weight
and seismic loads according to Eurocodes 8 Romanian standards (SR EN 1998-1/NA).
12.7 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building
option, according to Eurocode EC8 standard (TTAD #14161)
Test ID: 6192
Test status: Passed
12.7.1 Description
Verifies the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building option, according to
Eurocode EC8 standard. Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements
by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum.
12.8 EC8 Romanian Annex: verifying action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and
planar supports (TTAD #14840)
Test ID: 5860
Test status: Passed
12.8.1 Description
Verifies action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and planar supports of a simple concrete structure. The
seismic action is generated according to Eurocode 8 norm (Romanian annex).
12.9 EC 8 General Annex: verifying torsors on a 6 storey single concrete core subjected to
horizontal forces and seismic action
Test ID: 6088
Test status: Passed
12.9.1 Description
Verifies torsors on a 6 storey single concrete (C25/30) core subjected to horizontal forces and seismic action. The
calculation spectrum is generated considering Eurocode 8 General Annex rules. The walls describing the core are
grouped at each level.
693
12.10 EC8 French Annex: verifying seismic results when a design spectrum is used (TTAD #13778)
Test ID: 5425
Test status: Passed
12.10.1Description
Verifies the seismic results according to EC8 French Annex for a single bay single story structure made of concrete.
12.11 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section
cuts (TTAD #14460)
Test ID: 5861
Test status: Passed
12.11.1Description
Verifies torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section cuts for a concrete structure which is
subjected to seismic action defined according Eurocode 8 norm (French annex).
12.12 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to
Romanian EC8 appendix (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5601
Test status: Passed
12.12.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Romanian EC8 appendix. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
Eurocode EC8 standard (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5600
Test status: Passed
12.13.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Eurocode EC8 standard. Performs the
694
Marocco seismic standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5598
Test status: Passed
12.14.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Marocco seismic standard. Performs the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum (RPS 2011).
12.15 EC8 Fr Annex: Generating forces results per modes on linear and planar elements (TTAD
#13797)
Test ID: 5455
Test status: Passed
12.15.1Description
Generates reports with forces results per modes on a selection of elements (linear and planar elements) from a
concrete structure subjected to seismic action (EC8 French Annex).
12.16 Verifying seismic efforts on planar elements with Q4 and T3-Q4 mesh type (TTAD #14244)
Test ID: 5492
Test status: Passed
12.16.1Description
Generates seismic results on planar element meshed with T3-Q4 mesh type and only Q4 mesh type.
12.17 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Marocco seismic
standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #3.6)
Test ID: 5597
Test status: Passed
12.17.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Marocco seismic standard. Performs the
element: self weight and seismic loads (RPS 2011).
695
French PS92/100 standard (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5599
Test status: Passed
12.18.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to French PS92/100 standard. Performs the
12.19Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Algerian seismic

standards (RPA 99/2003) (DEV2013 #3.5)
Test ID: 5559
Test status: Passed
12.18.2Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Algerian seismic standard. Performs the
element: self weight and seismic loads (RPA 99/2003).
12.20 EC8 : Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Czech seismic
standards (CSN EN 1998-1) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3626
Test status: Passed
12.19.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of an inclined linear element according to Eurocodes 8 Czech standard. Performs
the finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element
reports.
element: self weight and seismic loads (CSN EN 1998-1).
12.21 Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #11478)
Test ID: 3703
Test status: Passed
12.20.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by load case" report for
a concrete beam with rectangular cross section R20*30 with fixed rigid punctual support. Model loads: self weight
and seismic loads according to Eurocodes 8 French standards.
696
12.22 Verifying signed concomitant linear elements envelopes on Fx report (TTAD #11517)
Test ID: 3576
Test status: Passed
12.21.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a concrete structure. Generates the "Signed concomitant linear elements
envelopes on Fx report".
The structure has concrete beams and columns, two concrete walls and a windwall. Loads applied on the structure:
self weight and a planar live load of -40.00 kN.
12.23 EC8: Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down. (TTAD #15095)
Test ID: 6207
Test status: Passed
12.22.1Description
Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down, according to the Eurocodes EC8 standard.
12.24 Verifying the combinations description report (TTAD #11632)

Test ID: 3544
Test status: Passed
12.23.1Description
Generates a dead load case, two live load cases and a snow load case, defines the concomitance between the
generated load cases and generates the combinations description report.
697
031516-0409-0622

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VALIDATION GUIDE

ADVANCE DESIGN VALIDATION GUIDE

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ................................................................................................. 21

Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM) ....................................................................................22

Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 30 ) (01-0009SDLSB_FEM) ...................................24

Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 0 ) (01-0007SDLSB_FEM) .....................................27

System of two bars with three hinges (01-0002SSLLB_FEM) ......................................................................30

Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM) ........................................................................33

Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 3) (01-0013SDLLB_FEM) ..........................................37

Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 1) (01-0011SDLLB_FEM) ..........................................40

Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span (01-0015SSLLB_FEM) ..........................................................43

Thin square plate fixed on one side (01-0019SDLSB_FEM) .......................................................................50

Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 15 ) (01-0008SDLSB_FEM) ..................................54

Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 2) (01-0012SDLLB_FEM) .........................................57

Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling (01-0021SFLLB_FEM) .....................................................................60

Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM) .................................................................................................62

Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter (01-0020SDLSB_FEM) ......................................66

Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 45 ) (01-0010SDLSB_FEM) ..................................70

Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM) .....................................................73

Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM) ............................................................76

Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................................81

Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM) ...............................................................85

Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM) .......................................................88

Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM) .............................................................................91

Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM) ........................................................94

EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM) ..............................................................................................................97

Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................................101

Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM) ..................................................................106

Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................................108

Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM) ...........................................114

Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)....................................................................117

Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure (01-0038SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................121

Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM) ..............................................................123

Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................126

Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................................................129

Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF) ........................................................................132

ADVANCE DESIGN VALIDATION GUIDE

Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................... 135

Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM) ...................................................................................... 138

Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................... 144

Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................................... 147

Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM) ..................................................................... 151

Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM) .......................................................... 154

Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM) ............................................... 159

Spherical shell with holes (01-0049SSLSB_FEM) .................................................................................... 161

Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM) ............................................. 170

Pinch cylindrical shell (01-0048SSLSB_FEM) .......................................................................................... 177

Triangulated system with hinged bars (01-0056SSLLB_FEM).................................................................. 181

Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM) .............................................................. 214

Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass (01-0095SDLLB_FEM) ...................................................... 216

Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM) ............................................................................ 228

Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM) ..................................................................................... 232

Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM) .................................. 235

ADVANCE DESIGN VALIDATION GUIDE

A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM) .................................................................238

Simple supported beam in free vibration (01-0098SDLLB_FEM) ..............................................................245

Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM) .....................................................................248

Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia (01-0096SDLLB_FEM) .......................................253

Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM) ..............................................................................257

Linear element in simple bending - without compressed reinforcement (02-0162SSLLB_B91) ................261

Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k -> infinite) (01-0101SSNLB_FEM) ..........................................................265

Study of a mast subjected to an earthquake (02-0112SMLLB_P92) .........................................................268

Design of a 2D portal frame (03-0207SSLLG_CM66) ...............................................................................273