STEAM TURBINE

Steam turbine:
The prime mover converts steam energy
into mechanical energy. There are two types of
steam prime movers viz., steam engines and
steam turbines. A steam turbine has several
advantages over a steam engine as a prime mover
viz., high efficiency, simple construction, higher
speed, less floor area requirement and low
maintenance cost. Therefore, all modern steam
power stations employ steam turbines as prime
movers.The dry and superheated steam from the
superheater is fed to the steam turbine through
main valve. The heat energy of steam when
passing over the blades of turbine is converted into
mechanical energy. After giving heat energy to the
turbine, the steam is exhausted to the condenser
which condenses the exhausted steam by means
of cold water circulation.
Steam turbines are generally classified into two
types according to the action of steam on moving
blades viz.
(i) Impulse turbines
(ii) Reactions turbines

M.Mahmood Khan

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STEAM TURBINE
In an impulse turbine, the steam expands
completely in the stationary nozzles (or fixed
blades),
the pressure over the moving blades remaining
constant. In doing so, the steam attains a high
velocity and impinges against the moving blades.
This results in the impulsive force on the moving
blades which sets the rotor rotating.
In a reaction turbine, the steam is partially
expanded in the stationary nozzles, the remaining
expansion takes place during its flow over the
moving blades. The result is that the momentum
of the steam causes a reaction force on the moving
blades which sets the rotor in motion.
Steam Turbine Parts:
Casing: In casing there are rotar ,blades, seals
and bearings and shaft
Turbine rotar: This is the moving part.They
have coated with the moving blades that fixed
on them,moving blades gives motion to the
rotar
Shaft: It means that are shaft HP,LP,IP and
generator rotar

M.Mahmood Khan

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STEAM TURBINE
Seals: Seals are used where there is a chance
of air enterning inside or a chance of steam
leak.
Turbine Blades:
Fixed blades:
Also called as a diaghram/stationary
blades.Thay direct steam towards the moving
blades.A lot of pressure is present on fixed
plates and due to high pressure it push
towards moving blades
Moving Blades:
Thay are fixed on rotar.It hit high pressure
steam than blades comes in motion ,also
comes rotar in motion.For that,rotar have
comes in same speed.
VALVES:
Main Steam Valve:
They are totally opened or closed that supply
to steam to turbine from boiler.They are
bypass.
Emergency stop/Quick Closing Valve:
>These valves are controlled.
>Used for protection,if there is any fault in
gerenerator,they get closed
>Also called protection operated valves.
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STEAM TURBINE
Governing/Regulating Valves:
To maintain 3000 rpm
To maintain steam load above/below
Other Kinds of Valves:
Gate valves
Globle valves
Safety valves
Plug valves
3-way/4-way valves
Butterfly vakves
Isolation valves
Ball valves
Non-return valves
Kinds of Gear:
Supper gear
Warm gear
Hecoal gear
Rack gear
Kinds of Sealing:
Safety box sealing
Carbon ring sealing
Librinth ring sealing
Water ring sealing
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STEAM TURBINE
Kinds of Glands:
Water seal gland
Carbon ring gland
Librnith gland
BEARING:
Bearing support the turbine routar,also it
support shaft and to support high weights.
>General bearing
>thurst bearing
Turning Gaer:
When turbine get closed and shaft comes
to stationary mode than lower part of turbine get
quick cooled as compared to the upper part,that
there is a chance of bending a shaft.
To overcome that problem we used turning gaer
so that the shaft samely get cold ,so there is no
chance of bend.
Coupling:
Coupling is a device due to which we make one
shaft with another shafts on the same line,so that
power can transmits.
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STEAM TURBINE
Kind Of Coupling:
Rigid coupling
Hydraulic coupling
Flexible coupling
Magnetic coupling
S.S.S coupling
Jaw coupling
Spider coupling
<<H.P,I.P & L.P Heaters:>>
H.P Heaters:
In H.P heaters feed water flow.This feed
water gets heat from blading steam.So
temperature of feed water increases.Blading
steam becomes condensed water ,also called as
H.P condensate,That all process called as
regenerative cycle.
Heater improves efficiency and provide heater
water to boiler that less quantity of fuel is used
and improves its effieciency.
Inlet pressure:130 kg/cm*cm
Inlet temperature:540 C
Outlet temperature: 370 C
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STEAM TURBINE
Outlet pressure: 32 KG/cm*cm
When this steam goes into the reheater than its
temperateure become high.
T=520 C
L.P HEATER:
For starting/stopping valve for control,
we keep H.P bypass and L.P bypass. .HP bypass
used H.P turbine and L.P bypass uses M.P and
l.P both turbines.
>Heat= 30 to 40% that uses in turbine.
>5%= leakage.
>Remaining used in energy heat
condenser.
This condensate gets heat from the
bleading steam.This condensate is fed to the
feed tank.

M.Mahmood Khan

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