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9-1
CAPTULO 9
DISEO DE REACTORES NO ISOTRMICOS EN ESTADO
ESTACIONARIO
9.1 El balance de energa.
Primera ley de la termodinmica.
Sistema cerrado: d = Q W
Ei Fi |entra -
E F |sale
i =1
i =1
W& = -
F PV
i
|entra +
i =1
F PV
i
|sale + W& s
i =1
u 2i
+ gz i + otras
2
9-2
dE sis
dt
Fi 0 H i 0 -
F H
i =1
i =1
Q& W& s +
A+
Fi 0 H i 0 -
F H
i =1
i =1
=0
b
c
d
B
C + D
a
a
a
Entra:
i0
i =1
Sale:
F H
i
i =1
Fi = FA0(i + iX)
FA = FA0(1 - X)
d
FD = FA0 D + X
a
FC = FA0 C +
FB = FA0 B X
b
a
c
X
a
FI = I FA0
i =1
i =1
9-3
d
c
b
H D (T ) + H C (T ) H B (T ) H A (T )
a
a
a
i =1
i =1
i =1
Fi 0 H i 0 - Fi H i = FA0 i ( H i 0 H i ) H RX (T ) FA0 X
Balance de energa en estado estacionario:
n
TR
C Pi dT
9-4
Cpi = i + iT + iT2
Cpi: capacidad calorfica de i.
T
Ti 0
T
Hi Hi0 = H i (TR ) + TR C pi dT H i (TR ) + TR C pi dT = Ti 0 C pi dT
T
Q& W& s - FA0 i C pi dT - HRX(T)FA0X = 0
i =1
Ti 0
a
a
T d
c
b
+ C pD + C pC C pB C pA dT
TR a
a
a
HRX(TR) =
d
c
b
H D (TR ) + H C (TR ) H B (TR ) H A (TR )
a
a
a
Cp =
d
c
b
C p D + C pC C p B C p A
a
a
a
HRX(T) = HRX(TR) +
TR
C p dT
Ti 0
C pi dT = i C~ pi (T Ti 0 )
C p =
~
C pi =
TR
CpdT
T TR
Ti 0
C pi dT
T Ti 0
9-5
TR
( + T + T2)dT
2
3
(T T 2 R ) +
(T T 3 R )
2
3
d
c
b
D + C B A
a
a
a
d
c
b
D + C B A
a
a
a
d
c
b
D + C B A
a
a
a
i i (T 2 T 2 0 ) + i i (T 3 T 3 0 )
Q& W& s FA0 i i (T T0 ) +
2
3
2
3
FA0 X H RX (TR ) + (T TR ) +
(T T 2 R ) +
(T T 3 R ) = 0
2
3
9-6
UA(Ta1 Ta 2 )
ln[(T Ta1 ) /(T Ta 2 )]
UA(Ta1 Ta 2 )
=0
ln(T Ta1 ) /(T Ta 2 )
UA(Ta1 Ta 2 )
ln(T Ta1 ) /(T Ta 2 )
UA
m& C C pC
Ta2 = T (T Ta1)exp
Q&
Q&
UA
m& C C pC
UA
Q& = m
&& c CpC(Ta1 T) 1 1
m& C C pC
9-7
Q& = UA(Ta T)
Ta1 Ta2 = Ta
Reactores tubulares (PFR/PBR). El flujo de calor vara a lo largo del reactor:
Q& =
1 dQ& Ua
=
(Ta T )
b dV b
dW = bdV
dQ& Ua
=
(Ta T )
dW b
Ti 0
T
i C pi dT H RX (TR ) + C p dT FA0 X = 0
TR
9-8
W& s = 0, Q& = 0
X=
C~
(T Ti 0 )
(TR ) + C p (T TR )
i
H RX
pi
XBE =
C~
i
pi
(T Ti 0 )
[H RX (TR )]
FA 0 X
rA
Q& W& s
X[HRX(TR) + C p (T TR)] =
FA 0
C~p (T T
i
i0
i =1
UA(Ta T )
X[HRX(TR) + C p (T TR)] =
FA0
Q& = 0, W& s = 0
C~p (T T
i
i0
i =1
X[HRX(TR) + C p (T TR)] =
C~p (T T
i
i0
i =1