Glossary PDF

Glossary
UMUX Multiservice
Access Platform
UMUX / UCST R8
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary UMUX Multiservice Access Platform

UMUX / UCST R8
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
April 2008 by KEYMILE AG
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Table of contents
Glossary
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
i
1
Technical Customer Documentation, Glossary
iii
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
AAL
ATM Adaptation Layer
The standards layer that allows multiple applications to have data converted to
and from the ATM cell. A protocol used that translates higher layer services
into the size and format of an ATM cell.
AAL-1
ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1
AAL functions in support of constant bit rate, time-dependent traffic such as

voice and video.
AAL-2
This AAL is still undefined by the International Standards bodies. It is a placeholder for variable bit rate video transmission.
AAL-3/4
ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3/4
AAL functions in support of variable bit rate, delay-tolerant data traffic requiring
some sequencing and/or error detection support. Originally two AAL types, i.e.
connection-oriented and connectionless, which have been combined.
AAL-5
AAL functions in support of variable bit rate, delay-tolerant connection-oriented

data traffic requiring minimal sequencing or error detection support.
ABR
Area Border Router
Router that connects the backbone network with another area. They maintain
routing tables of both areas.
ABR
Available Bit Rate
ABR is an ATM layer service category for which the limiting ATM layer transfer
characteristics provided by the network may change subsequent to connection
establishment.
A flow control mechanism is specified which supports several types of feedback to control the source rate in response to changing ATM layer transfer
characteristics. It is expected that an end-system that adapts its traffic in
accordance with the feedback will experience a low cell loss ratio and obtain a
fair share of the available bandwidth according to a network specific allocation
policy.
Cell delay variation is not controlled in this service, although admitted cells are
not delayed unnecessarily.
ABUS
UMUX internal bus for the cross connection of ATM traffic (VCC, VPC). The
ABUS is physically identical with the SBUS.
The first unit configured (ABUS, SBUS unit) defines the signal structure of the
bus.
AC
Alternate Current
AC
Active Closed
State of the working contact if the relay is actively driven.
ACONV
ACR
ABUS unit for the UMUX with access to the ABUS and PBUS (totally up to 16
2 Mbit/s). The ACONV provides services as follows:
- CES 2 Mbit/s (up to 16 CES 2 Mbit/s for unstructured traffic signals). The
P12 interface (PBUS) provides the same features as the P12 of the LOMIF.
- IMA (up to 14 IMA UNIs). IMA-1 is a high capacity network IMA, IMA-2 14
are IMA interfaces with reduced performance.
Allowed Cell Rate
An ABR service parameter, ACR is the current rate in cells/sec at which a

source is allowed to send.
ADACA
The ADACA is an ABUS unit for the UMUX with 16 ADSL line interfaces and
access to the ABUS for ATM traffic. The ADAC transports bi-directional ATM
traffic (32 8064 kbit/s upstream and 32 1024 kbit/s downstream) via its 2wire ADSL interfaces. The ADACA operates with ADSL ATM modems at the
remote side and is optimised for the interoperation with POTS splitters.
ADACB
The ADACB provides the same basic features as the ADACA but is optimised
for the interoperation with ISDN-BA splitters at the remote side.
ADM
Add-Drop-Multiplexer
Multiplexer which adds and drops traffic signals for local use to and from the
aggregate signal.
ADPCM
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code

Modulation
A reduced bit rate variant of PCM audio encoding (see also PCM). This algorithm encodes the difference between an actual audio sample amplitude and a
predicted amplitude and adapts the resolution based on recent differential
values.
ADSL
Asymmetrical bit-rate DSL
The speed of the up- and down-stream transmission can be different.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
AFI
Authority and Format Identifier
The first part of the IDP of an OSI (NSAP) address that specifies the type (and
the responsible authority) of the address (second part: IDI).
AG
Access Gateway
The AG is a Media Gateway type. The AG supports line side interfaces, e.g.
for analogue or ISDN phones.
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
Signal level is automatically adapted to compensate attenuation of the line

length or conditions.
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
An all ones signal sent down or up stream by a device when it detects an error
condition or receives an error condition or receives an error notification from
another unit in the transmission path.
A-law
The ITU standard for analogue to digital audio data conversion using PCM
coding and companding. The A-Law technique is used throughout Europe and
has a more constant signal-to-quantizing noise ratio than its North American
counterpart, u-Law.
ALCAR
Alarm unit with 24 binary inputs, 4 command outputs and 4 ports for serial
communication.
ALS
Automatic Laser Shutdown
Mechanism to switch of the Laser in TX direction for security reason.
AN
Access Network
Any system (distributed or monolithic) between the LE and the user
ANSI
American National Standards

Institute
A U.S. standards body.
AO
Active Open
State of the working relay contact if the relay is actively driven.
APDSW
Apdsw
Application Download SoftWare
UMUX software which loads the ESW from the MIB of the NE to the units.
API
Application Program Interface
API is a programmatic interface used for interprogram communications or for

interfacing between protocol layers.
APS
Automatic Protection Switching
Protects section or trails/paths in the network by switching traffic to a protecting section / trail in case of failure of the active section/trail.
ARD
Automatic Ring Down
Mode of the SUBLA. The SUBLA in the ARD mode provides a locally timed
sequence of ringing signals.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
The procedures and messages in a communications protocol which determines which physical network address (MAC) corresponds to the IP address in
the packet.
AS
Autonomous System
OSPF expression: Entity of systems that use a common routing strategy and
are managed by a common administration.
ASBR
Autonomous System Boundary

Router
ABR located between an OSPF AS and a non-OSPF network. They must run
both routing protocols.
ASD
Acceleration Spectral Density
ASP
Abstract Service Primitive
An implementation-independent description of an interaction between a service-user and a service-provider at a particular service boundary, as defined
by Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).
ASP
Application Server Process
An application server is a logical entity serving a specific application instance

for e.g. handling the Q.931 messages and call processing for D-channels. The
ASP is part of the softswitch.
Asynchronous Time Asynchronous Time Division

Multiplexing
Division Multiplexing
A multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized in a

priori unassigned time slots. The time slots are assigned to cells upon request
of each application's instantaneous real need.
AT
Starts with 10 consecutive ESs (included in AT) and ends with 10 consecutive
SESs (not included in AT)
Available Time
ATIOP
ATM
page 2 of 36
ABUS unit for the UMUX with an optical STM-1 interface. The ATIOP provides
a UNI for the transmission of ATM cells via an optical STM-1 signal.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
A transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an
individual user is not necessarily periodic.
ATM allows the transmission of virtually any traffic data (and speed) by means
of standardised data packets via the network.
Example of an ATM product: UMUX with the UCST & UNEM R6.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
ATM Traffic Descriptor
ATM Traffic Descriptor
A generic list of traffic parameters that can be used to capture the intrinsic
traffic characteristics of a requested ATM connection.
ATM User-User
Connection
ATM User-User Connection
An association established by the ATM Layer to support communication between two or more ATM service users (i.e., between two or more next higher
entities or between two or more ATM-entities).
The communications over an ATM Layer connection may be either bidirectional or unidirectional. The same Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) issued
for both directions of a connection at an interface.
ATU
Asynchronous Transfer Unit
ATU is a third party product used for the concentration of management access.
AUG-n
Administrative Unit Group, level

n
Level of the SDH multiplexing structure.
AU-n
Administrative Unit, level n
AUXP
AUXiliary Pattern
Bit pattern 1010 used for the signalling of particular PRA conditions.
AWG
American Wire Gauge
Wire diameter unit used in USA
BA
Basic-Rate Access
2B + D ISDN channel (2 x 64kbit/s + 16 kbit/s). Same meaning as ISDN-BRA.
BATMO
BATtery MOdule
Installation set to implement an external battery pack for power backup with
the POSUA unit (UMUX 1200). The BATMO does not include the batteries.
BBE
Background Block Error
BBER
Background Block Error Ratio
B-channel
Bearer channel
64 kbit/s channel for voice or data
BDR
Backup Designated Router
See DR.
BECN
Backward Explicit Congestion

Notification
A Resource Management (RM) cell type generated by the network or the

destination, indicating congestion or approaching congestion for traffic flowing
in the direction opposite that of the BECN cell.
BER
Bit Error Rate
A measure of transmission quality. It is generally shown as a negative exponent, (e.g., 10-7 which means 1 out of 1E+7 bits are in error or 1 out of
10,000,000 bits are in error).
BHCA
Busy Hour Call Attempts
Conventionally, the capacity of a telephone switching system is measured by

the maximum number of call attempts per hour (during busy hour of the day)
that can be handled by the system.
This measure is referred to as BHCA.
BICC
Bearer Independent Call Control
BICC is an adaptation of the narrow-band ISUP protocol for use in a bearer

and message transport independent environment. In NGN, BICC is used as
the signalling protocol between softswitches.
BIP
Bit Interleaved Parity
Measurement method for detecting errors occurring in a digital signal
BIP
Bit Interleaved Parity
A method used at the PHY layer to monitor the error performance of the link. A
check bit or word is sent in the link overhead covering the previous block or
frame. Bit errors in the payload will be detected and may be reported as maintenance information.
BIS
Border Intermediate System.
B-ISDN
Broadband ISDN
A high-speed network standard (above 1.544 Mbps) that evolved Narrowband

ISDN with existing and new services with voice, data and video in the same
network.
BN
Bridge Number
A locally administered bridge ID used in Source Route Bridging to uniquely

identify a route between two LANs.
BOM
Beginning of Message
An indicator contained in the first cell of an ATM segmented packet.

A logical node that is in a specified peer group, and has at least one link that
crosses the peer group boundary.
BORSCHT
Battery feed, Over-voltage protection, Ringing injection, Supervision, Codec, Hybrid, and Testing
Common explanation of PSTN functions.
BP
Basic Package
Basic feature package of the UMUX Network Element Manager
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
BPDU
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
A message type used by bridges to exchange management and control information.
BR
Border Router
OSPF expression: Router that connects an OSPF area to the backbone

(area).
B-RAS
Broadband Remote Access

Server
Common Internet access point for many clients for various services. The BRAS is located between the Internet and a regional access network.
BRI
Basic Rate Interface
ISDN interface
Broadband
Broadband
A service or system requiring transmission channels capable of supporting

rates greater than the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) primary rate.
Broadband Access
Broadband Access
An ISDN access capable of supporting one or more broadband services.
Broadcast
Broadcast
Data transmission to all addresses or functions.
BT
Burst Tolerance
BT applies to ATM connections supporting VBR services and is the limit parameter of the GCRA.
B-TE
Broadband Terminal Equipment
An equipment category for B-ISDN which includes terminal adapters and

terminals.
BW
Bandwidth
A numerical measurement of throughput of a system or network.
CA
Carrier Adapter
PSTN Signalling mode for interworking between the Access Network and
exchange.
CAC
Connection Admission Control:
Connection Admission Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the

network during the call set- up phase (or during call re-negotiation phase) in
order to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or should
be rejected (or whether a request for re-allocation can be accommodated).
Call
Call
A call is an association between two or more users or between a user and a

network entity that is established by the use of network capabilities. This association may have zero or more connections.
CAP
Carrier-less Amplitude Phase

(Modulation)
Modulation method specially adapted for the data transmission via copper
pairs in PSTN networks. CAP allows e.g. the transmission of 1168 kbit/s within
a bandwidth of 278 kHz.
CAS
Channel Associated Signalling
The signalling information for each TS in the frame is transmitted in a dedicated TS and is synchronised to the frame.
CBR
Constant Bit Rate
An ATM service category which supports a constant or guaranteed rate to

transport services such as video or voice as well as circuit emulation which
requires rigorous timing control and performance parameters.
CCD
Clear Channel Data
64 kbit/s channel for data transmission. No encoding.
CCM
Customer Configuration Management
Database with data on equipment and customer configuration allows you to

identification and trace materials
CCR
Customer Configuration Registration
Registration of data for the CCM database
CCR
Current Cell Rate
The Current Cell Rate is an RM-cell field set by the source to its current ACR
when it generates a forward RM-cell. This field may be used to facilitate the
calculation of ER, and may not be changed by network elements. CCR is
formatted as a rate.
CCS
Common Channel Signalling
A form signalling in which a group of circuits share a signalling channel. Refer

to SS7.
CDF
Cutoff Decrease Factor
CDF controls the decrease in ACR (Allowed Cell Rate) associated with CRM.
CD-ROM
Compact Disk-Read Only Memory
Used by a computer to store large amounts of data. Commonly used for interactive video games.
CDV
Cell Delay Variation
CDV is a component of cell transfer delay, induced by buffering and cell

scheduling. Peak-to-peak CDV is a QoS delay parameter associated with CBR
and VBR services.
The peak-to- peak CDV is the ((1-a) quantile of the CTD) minus the fixed CTD
that could be experienced by any delivered cell on a connection during the
entire connection holding time. The parameter "a" is the probability of a cell
arriving late. See CDVT.
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
CDVT
Cell Delay Variation Tolerance
ATM layer functions may alter the traffic characteristics of ATM connections by
introducing Cell Delay Variation. When cells from two or more ATM connections are multiplexed, cells of a given ATM connection may be delayed while
cells of another ATM connection are being inserted at the output of the multiplexer. Similarly, some cells may be delayed while physical layer overhead or
OAM cells are inserted.
Consequently, some randomness may affect the inter-arrival time between
consecutive cells of a connection as monitored at the UNI. The upper bound
on the "clumping" measure is the CDVT.
CE
Connection Endpoint
A terminator at one end of a layer connection within a SAP.
CEI
Connection Endpoint Identifier
Identifier of a CE that can be used to identify the connection at a SAP.
Cell
Cell
A unit of transmission in ATM. A fixed-size frame consisting of a 5-octet

header and a 48-octet payload.
Cell Header
Cell Header
ATM Layer protocol control information.
CENCA
Control unit for the legacy UMUX 1100/1300, containing the cross connect
matrix and control and monitor functionality for all the other UBUS Units.
CER
Cell Error Ratio
The ratio of errored cells in a transmission in relation to the total cells sent in a
transmission. The measurement is taken over a time interval and is desirable
to be measured on an in-service circuit.
CES
Circuit Emulation Service
The ATM Forum circuit emulation service interoperability specification specifies interoperability agreements for supporting Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic
over ATM networks that comply with the other ATM Forum interoperability
agreements. Specifically, this specification supports emulation of existing TDM
circuits over ATM networks.
cfg
configuration
Extension used for configuration data files (filename.cfg) created with the
UCST.
CIF
Cells in Frames
Cells In Frames is a protocol established by the CIF Alliance which specifies

how to transport ATM protocol over Ethernet, Token Ring and other frame
protocols. CIF uses software at the workstation instead of a new hardware
Network Interface Card to do QOS scheduling and ABR flow control.
CL
Connectionless Service
A service which allows the transfer of information among service subscribers

without the need for end-to- end establishment procedures.
CLI
Calling Line Identification
Used in PSTN application to show the calling number in the display of the
called telephone set. Is an inband transmission using DTMF or FSK. Transmission takes place in the ringing pause.
CLIP
Calling Line Identification Protocol
Used in PSTN application to show the calling number in the display of the
called telephone set. Is an inband transmission using DTMF or FSK. Transmission takes place in the ringing pause.
CLK
CLocK
(Internal) Timing signal.
CLNP
ConnectionLess Network Protocol
Protocol for the data transfer in the OSI world (equivalent to TCP/IP in the IP
world).
CLP
Cell Loss Priority
This bit in the ATM cell header indicates two levels of priority for ATM cells.
CLP=0 cells are higher priority than CLP=1 cells. CLP=1 cells may be discarded during periods of congestion to preserve the CLR of CLP=0 cells.
CLR
Cell Loss Ratio
CLR is a negotiated QoS parameter and acceptable values are network specific. The objective is to minimize CLR provided the end-system adapts the
traffic to the changing ATM layer transfer characteristics. The Cell Loss Ratio
is defined for a connection as: Lost Cells/Total Transmitted Cells. The CLR
parameter is the value of CLR that the network agrees to offer as an objective
over the lifetime of the connection. It is expressed as an order of magnitude,
having a range of 10-1 to 10-15 and unspecified.
CMR
Cell Misinsertion Rate
The ratio of cells received at an endpoint that were not originally transmitted by
the source end in relation to the total number of cells properly transmitted.
C-n
Container, level n
Level of the SDH multiplexing structure. Often the hierarchy type (European
=2, American =1) is amended to n.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
CNG
Comfort Noise Generation
Complementary to the transmit-side VAD, a comfort noise generator (CNG) is

a receive-side device. A CNG generates a local noise signal that it presents to
the listener during silent periods.
COBU<X>
Generic term for the COBUX and COBUV control units of the UMUX. The units
provide central system control, synchronisation and feature the MIB for the
NE, including the ESW for units with SWDL. The control units fit slots 11 and
12 (redundant unit only).
COBUL
Control unit for the UMUX 1200/1500. The COBUL provides access to 4 x
2 Mbit/s for the UBUS and 128 x 2 Mbit/s for the PBUS) but provides no SDH,
no voice, no ECC, no conference or diagnostic functions.
COBUQ
Control unit for the UMUX 1500 providing reduced functionality compared to
COBU<X> (no ECC, no conference or diagnostic functions, access capacity
limited to 4 x 2 Mbit/s for the UBUS and 32 x 2 Mbit/s for the PBUS).
With the former UCST 3.3a/1: Control unit for the NE UMUX 1400
COBUV
Control unit for the UMUX 1200/1500. The same features as the COBUX but
with additional conference functions for 64 kbit/s traffic data.
COBUX
Control unit for the UMUX 900/1200/1500. The unit features serial, Ethernet
and PDH/SDH ECC access for management communication and Diagnostic
functions for traffic data channels. The COBUX provides capacity for 2 times 4
x 2 Mbit/s UBUS and 128 x 2 Mbit/s PBUS accesses.
COD
Connection Oriented Data
Data requiring sequential delivery of its component PDUs to assure correct

functioning of its supported application, (e.g., voice or video).
COLT
Legacy name of the xDSL line

terminal equipment
xDSL line terminal equipment provides data transmission via copper pairs and
optical fibres. xDSL equipment is available as units for subrack operation or as
desktop units (e.g. MUSIC 100).
The functions and units are available for the UMUX multiservice access system.
(COpper Line Terminal)

COLT soho
Legacy name of the MUSIC 100. The MUSIC 100 is a desktop unit with Ethernet interfaces and bridge/router
functionality. MUSIC 100 uses xDSL transmission via copper pairs at the
aggregate side.
COM
COMmon
Common contact for the working relay contacts (AO, AC).
Connection
Connection
An ATM connection consists of concatenation of ATM Layer links in order to

provide an end-to-end information transfer capability to access points.
Connection
Connection
In switched virtual connection (SVC) environments the LAN Emulation Management entities set up connections between each other using UNI signalling.
Connectionless
Connectionless
Refers to ability of existing LANs to send data without previously establishing

connections.
CoS
Class of Service
Tagging system on Ethernet frames which allows to differentiate class of

services. IEEE 802.1p
CPCS
Common Part Convergence

Sublayer
The portion of the convergence sublayer of an AAL that remains the same
regardless of the traffic type.
CPCS-SDU
Common Part Convergence

Sublayer-Service Data Unit
Protocol data unit to be delivered to the receiving AAL layer by the destination
CP convergence sublayer.
CPE
Customers Premises Equipment
End user equipment that resides on the customer's premise which may not be
owned by the local exchange carrier.
CPS
Customer Parameter Set
Used in V5 applications to define the custom specific parameters of the V5

interface.
CPS
Customer Parameter Set
CPS allows defining custom specific functions and parameters for V5, NGN
and ATM-IAD (LES) applications.
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
A mathematical algorithm that computes a numerical value based on the bits

in a block of data. This number is transmitted with the data and the receiver
uses this information and the same algorithm to insure the accurate delivery of
data by comparing the results of algorithm and the number received. If a mismatch occurs, an error in transmission is presumed.
CRC4
Cyclic Redundancy Check
The cyclic redundancy check uses a 4th order polynomial.
page 6 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
CRF
Cell Relay Function
This is the basic function that an ATM network performs in order to provide a
cell relay service to ATM end-stations.
CRF
Connection Related Function
A term used by Traffic Management to reference a point in a network or a

network element where per connection functions are occurring. This is the
point where policing at the VCC or VPC level may occur.
CRM
Cell Rate Margin
This is a measure of the difference between the effective bandwidth allocation

and the allocation for sustainable rate in cells per second.
CRS
Cell Relay Service
A carrier service which supports the receipt and transmission of ATM cells
between end users in compliance with ATM standards and implementation
specifications.
CS
Convergence Sublayer
The general procedures and functions that convert between ATM and nonATM formats. This describes the functions of the upper half of the AAL layer.
This is also used to describe the conversion functions between non-ATM
protocols such as frame relay or SMDS and ATM protocols above the AAL
layer.
CS2000
Communication Server 2000
Nortel Media Gateway Controller
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access

with Collision Detection
Protocol used in IEEE 802.3 LANs.
CSMACD Eth
Ethernet path interface (traffic layer) on the unit level which is used (UNEM
NP) for the LAN-side of Ethernet ports (NEBRO, LAWA4, SYN4E etc.).
CSU
Channel Service Unit
An interface for digital leased lines which performs loopback testing and line
conditioning.
csv
Comma Separated Variables
Extension used for files (filename.csv) containing data suitable for processing
in tables (e.g. table calculation systems, formatting for printing etc.).
CTC
Common Transmit Clock
Synchronisation mode used with IMA for NEs with IMA interfaces.
See also ITC.
CTD
Cell Transfer Delay
This is defined as the elapsed time between a cell exit event at the measurement point 1 (e.g., at the source UNI) and the corresponding cell entry event at
measurement point 2 (e.g., the destination UNI) for a particular connection.
The cell transfer delay between two measurement points is the sum of the total
inter-ATM node transmission delay and the total ATM node processing delay.
CTP
Connection Termination Point
The Adaptation based on G.805
CU
Control Unit
CWDM
Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing
Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing combines up to 16 wavelengths onto a

single fibre. CWDM technology uses an ITU standard 20nm spacing between
the wavelengths, from 1310nm to 1610nm.
DA
Destination Address
Information sent in the forward direction indicating the address of the called
station or customer.
DA
Destination MAC Address
A six octet value uniquely identifying an endpoint and which is sent in IEEE
LAN frame headers to indicate frame destination.
DAS
D-channel
ISDN: 64 kbit/s channel carrying the D-channel, the Alarm-bit and the Service
bits.
Data Connections
Data Connections
Data VCCs connect the LECs to each other and to the Broadcast and Unknown Server. These carry Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 or IEEE 802.5 data frames as
well as flush messages.
DATA<X>
DATAS supports all interfaces (multiprotocol) and all network functions.

DATA5 unit supports all interfaces (multiprotocol) but no network functions.
Single protocol unit versions are available which support only one interface
type of the DATAS and DATA5 basic functionality
DATAS
Versatile data unit with 4 high and low speed serial data interfaces and a
10BASE-T/100 Base-TX Ethernet LAN interface. The DATAS supports the
serial interfaces V.35, X.24/V.11, V.24/V.28, RS-485 with PM and subrate
multiplexing for rates < 64 kbit/s. The V.35 and X.24/V.11 interfaces support
the P12 modes terminated, transparent and clock master.
DB
DataBase
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
DC
Direct Current
DCC
Data Communication Network
DCC
Data Country Code
This specifies the country in which an address is registered. The codes are
given in ISO 3166. The length of this field is two octets. The digits of the data
country code are encoded in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) syntax. The codes
will be left justified and padded on the right with the hexadecimal value "F" to
fill the two octets.
DCE
Data Communication Equipment
A generic definition of computing equipment that attaches to a network via a

DTE.
D-channel
Data channel
16 kbit/s channel for signalling or data
DCN
Data Communication Network
General term for communication networks. Often used in the meaning of MCN.
DEGM
DEGraded Monitoring period
Threshold [bad sec] for errors with "bursty" error distribution.
DEGTHR
DEGraded THReshold
Threshold [bad blocks] for errors with "bursty" error distribution.
Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing
A function performed by a layer entity that identifies and separates SDUs from
a single connection to more than one connection.
DES
Destination End Station
An ATM termination point which is the destination for ATM messages of a

connection and is used as a reference point for ABR services. See SES.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol
The DHCP allows the following process: The host looks for a DHCP server
and gets a temporary IP address from the server if WINS is enabled.
Different Configura- Different Configuration

tion
UNEM: State of a UMUX if the UNEM database and the NE have different
configurations. UNEM R5C updates its database automatically.
DISC
Command of OSI user network
DISConnect
DLPI
UNIX International, Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI) Specification: Revision

2.0.0, OSI Work Group, August 1991.
DMT
Discrete Multitone
DNU
Do Not Use
Discrete multitone is a method of separating a Digital Subscriber Line signal

so that the usable frequency range is separated into 256 frequency bands (or
channels) of 4.3125 kHz each. Within each channel, modulation uses quadratude amplitude modulation. By varying the number of bits per symbol within
a channel, the modem can be rate-adaptive. Both G.DMT and G.lite use DMT.
Domain
Refer to Administrative Domain.
DR
Designated Router
DS
Digital Section
(Access Digital Section)
DSCP
Differentiated Service Code

Point
In DiffServ (IP), traffic is divided into a small number of forwarding classes,

and resources are allocated on a per-class basis. The traffic is classified with
a DSCP. In each node, there are different queues for each forwarding class.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Loop
Describes the digital transmission via the (analogue telephone) subscriber

loop. DSL is used in countless variations such as:
- ADSL Asymmetrical bit-rate DSL
- HDSL High bit rate DSL
- SDSL Symmetrical DSL
- MSDSL Multi-rate Symmetrical DSL
- LMSDSL Low speed Multi-rate SDSL
- etc.
to closer indicate the particularity of the DSL transmission.
DSLAM
Digital Subscriber Line Access

Multiplexer
DSP
Domain Specific Part
The second (of two) basic parts of an OSI (NSAP) address (first part: IDP).
The DSP consists of the High Order DSP, the SID and the SEL.
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
Digital component especially suitable for processing of traffic signals in the

digital domain.
page 8 of 36
OSPF router that generates LSAs for a multicast network and has other special functions in running OSPF
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
DSS1
Digital Subscriber Signalling

System #1
N-ISDN UNI Signalling
DSS2
DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signalling System #2
B-ISDN UNI Signalling
DSU
Data Service Unit
Equipment used to attach users' computing equipment to a public network.
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment
A generic definition of external networking interface equipment such as a

modem.
DTM
DeskTop Modular
Refer to LR DTM.
DTMF
Dual Tone Multi Frequency
DU
Dial-Up
DUN
Dial-Up Networking package
Windows software for serial the implementation of communication networks.
DUPI4
Dual Power Interface 4
The DUPI4 allows dual power supply of the UMUX 1500 subrack. The DUPI4
is mechanically and electrically integrated with the UMUX 1500 subrack
(DUPI4 is for use with the UMUX 1500 subrack R2 only).
DXC
Digital Cross Connect
Switch fabric for the cross connection of signals, here 2 Mbit/s and n x 64
kbit/s signals
Erlang
A measurement of occupancy ([E], but actually without unit). International unit

of average traffic on a facility during a period of time (usually a busy hour)
E0
Electrical interface signal 64 kbit/s
E0
Unit functional layer and UNEM
E0-nc
E0 n times concatenated
E1
Also known as CEPT1, the 2.048 Mbit/s rate used by European CEPT carrier
to transmit 30 64 kbit/s digital channels for voice or data calls, plus a 64 kbit/s
signalling channel and a 64 kbit/s channel for framing and maintenance.
E12
E-12
Short form for the first level of the European PDH hierarchy (= 2 Mbit/s).
E22
E3
Also known as CEPT3, the 34.368 Mbit/s rate used by European CEPT carrier
to transmit 16 CEPT1s plus overhead.
E31
E32
EA
Element Agent
UNEM functional block that serves a set of NEs.
EA
Element Agent
The element agents of the UCST are sets of parameters which define the
UCST access to a set of NEs.
EB
Errored Block
A block of data with one or more bit errors.
EBR
Errored Block Ratio
ECC
Embedded Communication
Channel
System integrated data channel for the management communication of the

UMUX.
EDC
Error Detection Code
Bit errors in a signal are detectable by checking the signal's associated Error
Detection Code (EDC). An example of the EDC is the SDH BIP-N (Bit Interleaved Parity) and P12 CRC-4.
Edge Device
Edge Device
A physical device which is capable of forwarding packets between legacy

interworking interfaces (e.g., Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.) and ATM interfaces
based on data-link and network layer information but which does not participate in the running of any network layer routing protocol. An Edge Device
obtains forwarding descriptions using the route distribution protocol.
E-DSL
EF

xDSL section interface
Envelope Function
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 9 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
EF Addr
Envelope Function Address
13 bit number (for ISDN) which uniquely references a user port within a V5
interface
EFCI
Explicit Forward Congestion

Indication
EFCI is an indication in the ATM cell header. A network element in an impending-congested state or a congested state may set EFCI so that this indication
may be examined by the destination end-system. For example, the end- system may use this indication to implement a protocol that adaptively lowers the
cell rate of the connection during congestion or impending congestion. A
network element that is not in a congestion state or an impending congestion
state will not modify the value of this indication. Impending congestion is the
state when a network equipment is operating around its engineered capacity
level.
EFS
Error Free Seconds
A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems, usually

expressed as EFS per hour, day, or week. This method gives a better indication of the distribution of bit errors than a simple bit error rate (BER). Also refer
to SES.
ELAN
Emulated Local Area Network
A logical network initiated by using the mechanisms defined by LAN Emulation. This could include ATM and legacy attached end stations.
EM
Element Manager
Managing tool for NEs:

UCST and the EM part of UNEM
EMC
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
Equipment used in high speed data systems, including ATM, that generate
and transmit many signals in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Interference to other equipment or radio services may result if
sufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures or
transmission media. National and international regulatory agencies (FCC,
CISPR, etc.) set limits for these emissions. Class A is for industrial use and
Class B is for residential use.
EML
Element Management Layer
An abstraction of the functions provided by systems that manage each network element on an individual basis.
EMS
Element Manager System
High performance managing tool for the management of NEs and networks of
NEs:
UNEM, featuring networking functions and a graphical network overview.
EN
European Norm
End Station
End Station
These devices (e.g., hosts or PCs) enable the communication between ATM
end stations and end stations on "legacy" LAN or among ATM end stations.
EOC
Embedded Operation Channel
Independent data channel based on SIFOX and F-interfaces for management

communication of legacy UMUX.
EOM
End of Message
An indicator used in the AAL that identifies the last ATM cell containing information from a data packet that has been segmented.
EoS
Ethernet over SDH
Set of protocols allowing to transport Ethernet frames over SDH networks.
EOW
Engineering Order Wire
Voice channel using overhead bits in a transmission system. Commonly used

for service communication between different stations.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read

Only Memory
ER
End Router
OSPF expression: Router that terminates a virtual link in the remote area.
ER
Explicit Rate
The Explicit Rate is an RM-cell field used to limit the source ACR to a specific
value. It is initially set by the source to a requested rate (such as PCR). It may
be subsequently reduced by any network element in the path to a value that
the element can sustain. ER is formatted as a rate.
ES
Errored Second
Second with one or more EBs
ES
Electrical Section
The section between two electrical STM-1 interfaces.
ES
End System
System that terminates the OSI protocol.
ES
End System
A system where an ATM connection is terminated or initiated. An originating

end system initiates the ATM connection, and terminating end system terminates the ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.
page 10 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
ESI
Equipment Synchronisation Input Inputs on the COBU<X> for 2 MHz timing signals.
ES-IS
End System-Intermediate System
ESM
OSI routing protocol running between L1 and L2.

PSTN Signalling mode for interworking between AN and Ericsson exchange.
ESO
Equipment Synchronisation
Output
ESR
Errored Seconds Ratio
ESW
Embedded SoftWare
The ESW is the downloadable software for the UMUX units with software
download. Sometimes the ESW is called the unit SW.
ET
Elapsed Time
Duration of measurement interval.
ET
Exchange Terminal
ETHUB
Ethernet HUB
ETS
European Telecommunication
Standard
ETSI
European Telecommunication
Standards Institute
The primary telecommunications standards organization.
Exchange Line Analogue
UBUS unit with 12 POTS interfaces to the PSTN interface of the exchange.
Ethernet switch with 5 10BaseT / 100BaseTX Ethernet interfaces. Fits to the

UMUX subracks but has no bus access.
EXBAT
EXLA<X>
Outputs on COBU<X> for 2 MHz timing signals.
UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (4B3T coding) to the ISDN exchange.
EXLIC
UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (2B1Q coding) to ISDN exchange.
Local Management Interface for UMUX NEs
F15
F-interface of the UMUX 900/1200/1500.
Fairness
Fairness
As related to Generic Flow Control (GFC), fairness is defined as meeting all

the agreed quality of service (QOS) requirements, by controlling the order of
service for all active connections.
FANU2
FAN Unit 2
Integrated fan unit for the UMUX 1200 subrack. The FANU2 is mandatory for
horizontal operation of the UMUX 1200.
FANU3
FAN Unit 3
Integrated fan unit for the UMUX 900 subrack. The FANU3 is mandatory for
horizontal operation of the UMUX 900.
FANU5
Fan Unit 5
The FANU5 is a 19-inch fan unit for the UMUX 1500 which allows for up to
1200 Watt of heat dissipation in the UMUX 1500 subrack (This power capacity
is available with the UMUX 1500 subrack R2)
FANUV
FAN Unit
19-inch fan unit with 3 fans for rack installation. The FANUV is used with the
UMUX 1500 in conjunction with heat deflection shields.
FAS
Frame Alignment Signal
FC
Feedback Control
Feedback controls are defined as the set of actions taken by the network and
by the end-systems to regulate the traffic submitted on ATM connections
according to the state of network elements.
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
A 100 Mbps Local Area Network standard that was developed by ANSI that is
designed to work on fiber-optic cables, using techniques similar to token-ring.
FE
Front End
Used to locate loops, performance evaluation etc. of traffic signals.
FEBE
Far End Block Error
FEBE
Far End Block Error
A maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead that a bit error(s) has
been detected at the PHY layer at the far end of the link. This is used to monitor bit error performance of the link.
FEC
Forward Error Correction
A technique for detection and correction of errors in a digital data stream.
FIB
Forwarding Information Base
List of link states after applying SPF algorithm in OSI routing elements.
Flush Protocol
Flush Protocol
The flush protocol is provided to ensure the correct order of delivery of unicast
data frames.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 11 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
FM MOA
Fault Manager - Managed Object The UNEM software component representing the northbound interface to
Agent
Nortel Preside for fault management
FO
Foreign Object
Foreign Object is the representation in the UNEM database of an external

equipment that UNEM supports only for fault management.
FOP
Failure Of Protocol
Failure of the protocol in the protecting channel which controls the MSP
(SYNIO).
Foreign Address
Foreign Address
An address that does not match any of a given node's summary addresses.
Forwarding Description
Forwarding Description
The resolved mapping of an MPOA Target to a set of parameters used to set

up an ATM connection on which to forward packets.
FR
Frame Relay
FRAD
FRame Assembler Disassembler
FRS
Frame-Relay Service
A connection oriented service that is capable of carrying up to 4096 bytes per

frame.
FRTT
Fixed Round-Trip Time
This is the sum of the fixed and propagation delays from the source to the
furthest destination and back.
FSK
Frequency Shift Keying
FSK is a modulation technique used by modems in which two different frequencies in the carrier signal are used to represent the binary states of 0 and
1.
FSP
Frame Synchronisation Pulse
Timing signal of the PBUS that indicates the start of a frame
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FW
Firmware
GARP
General Attribute Registration

Protocol
Used by switches and end stations in a bridged LAN to register and de-register
attribute values, such as VLAN Identifiers, with each other, in order to form a
reachability tree that is a subset of an active topology.
GbE
Gigabit Ethernet
Version of Ethernet, which supports data transfer rates of 1 Gigabit per second. IEEE 802.3z
GCAC
Generic Connection Admission

Control
This is a process to determine if a link has potentially enough resources to

support a connection.
GCRA
Generic Cell Rate Algorithm
The GCRA is used to define conformance with respect to the traffic contract of
the connection. For each cell arrival the GCRA determines whether the cell
conforms to the traffic contract. The UPC function may implement the GCRA,
or one or more equivalent algorithms to enforce conformance. The GCRA is
defined with two parameters: the Increment (I) and the Limit (L).
GECOD
G.703 CODirectional
UBUS unit for 8 full duplex 64 kbit/s channels according to ITU-T G.703.
GFC
Generic Flow Control
GFC is a field in the ATM header which can be used to provide local functions
(e.g., flow control). It has local significance only and the value encoded in the
field is not carried end-to-end.
GFP
Generic Framing Procedure
Framing used for Ethernet over SDH (or other protocols). Allows frame delineation, etc. ITU-T G.7041
GND
GrouND
Ground or zero volt potential of the power supply.
GSM
Global System for Mobile applications
GSM-R
Global System for Mobile applications with Railways
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Mainly used in the context of UNEM
GVRP
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol
Switches connected through 802.1Q trunk ports use GVRP to exchange information in order to dynamically create and manage VLA.
GWF
GleichWellenFunk
The GWF application requires a phase locked relationship between the sent
and the received frames (MEGIF 272).
H.248
page 12 of 36
Explanations
Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG) are two important elements in NGN. The H.248 / MEGACO protocol is used for MGC to MG
(IPSMG) communication.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
H-Channel
H-Channel
H-Channels are ISDN bearer services that have pre-defined speeds, starting
and stopping locations on a PRI and are contiguously transported from one
PRI site through networks to another PRI site.
HDLC
High Level Data Link Control
An ITU-TSS link layer protocol standard for point-to-point and multi-point

communications.
HDSL
High speed DSL
Header
Header
Protocol control information located at the beginning of a protocol data unit.
HEC
Header Error Control
Using the fifth octet in the ATM cell header, ATM equipment may check for an
error and corrects the contents of the header. The check character is calculated using a CRC algorithm allowing a single bit error in the header to be
corrected or multiple errors to be detected.
Hello Packet
Hello Packet
A type of PNNI Routing packet that is exchanged between neighbouring logical nodes.
HIRAC
UMUX HDSL modem with 5 interfaces for the digital transmission of up to

1024 kbit/s over copper pairs to the AM64/<xxx>-type remote modems.
HLM
Higher Level Manager
HRL
High Return Loss
HU
Height Unit
HW
Hardware
Corresponds to 44.45 mm. Basic measure used with the 19-inch construction
practice.
HWY
Highway
I/F
Interface
IAD
Integrated Access Device
IANA
Internet Address Numbering

Authority
IC-channel
Internal Communication channel
UMUX internal communication channel
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
Integrated part of the IP suite, used to announce network errors or network

congestion and for some network management commands e.g. ping.
ICN
Internal Communication Network UMUX internal communication structure.
ICR
Initial Cell Rate
An ABR service parameter, in cells/sec. A source should send initially and

after an idle period at that rate.
ID
Id
Identifier
Used together with a type of identifier (Customer Id, User Id, Node Id etc.)
IDI
Initial Domain Identifier
Second part of the IDP of an OSI (NSAP) address that specifies the domain
and the institution responsible for the address (first part: AFI).
IDP
Initial Domain Part
The first (of two) basic parts of an OSI (NSAP) address (second part: DSP).
The IDP consists of the AFI and IDI.
IDU
Interface Data Unit
The unit of information transferred to/from the upper layer in a single interaction across the SAP. Each IDU contains interface control information and may
also contain the whole or part of the SDU.
IE
Intermediate transmission Equip- U-interface Repeater equipment.

ment
IE
Information Element
IEC
International Electrotechnical
Committee
IEC
Inter-exchange Carrier
A long distance telephone company.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
A worldwide engineering publishing and standards-making body for the electronics industry.
IF
If
InterFace
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
UBUS or PBUS Highway
Used for remote access devices with integrated modem (ADSL) and multiple
service access capabilities such as PSTN, ISDN and data services.
Used in the V5 context for the standardised description of V5 features.
page 13 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
IFP
Internet Facsimile Protocol
Fax data format (control and image) according to ITU-T, T.38.
IGMP
Internet Group Management

Protocol
IGMP is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to

neighbouring multicast routers.
ILMI
Integrated Local Managment

Interface
An ATM Forum defined interim specification for network management functions between an end user and a public or private network and between a
public network and a private network. This is based on a limited subset of
SNMP capabilities.
IMA
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
The transmission of ATM traffic (cells) via PDH 2 Mbit/s trunks (Inverse Multiplexing for ATM) with traffic policing.
There are 2 approved specifications
- AF-PHY-0086.000 (V1.0/July 1997)
- AF-PHY-0086.001 (V1.1/March 1999)
IOP
Interoperability
The ability of equipment from different manufacturers (or different implementations) to operate together.
IP
Internet Protocol
Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking of

dissimilar computers across a network. This protocol works in conjunction with
TCP and is usually identified as TCP/IP. A connectionless protocol that operates at the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model.
IPLM1
The IPLM1 provides an IP (Ethernet) DSLAM for the UMUX with 24

ADSL/ADSL2(+) interfaces per unit and 2 GbE uplinks (1 electrical + 1 optical)
to the network. The line interfaces support ADSL over POTS lines (via splitters) The IPLM1 provides the interworking functions for the termination of the
ATM layer and adaptation of the Ethernet traffic for IP services (Triple Play).
The IPLM1 has no access to the UMUX internal bus systems for traffic signals.
The access is limited to management purposes.
IPLM2
Same functionality as the IPLM1 but 2 electrical GbE uplinks.
IPLM4
Implements the IPLM2 functionality for ADSL over ISDN-BA lines (via splitters)
according to annex B.
IPLM6
24 SHDSL ports and principally the same functionalities as IPLM2 but for
SHDSL line interfaces.
IPoE
IP over Ethernet
Classic connection mode between Internet access provider and client.
IPSMG
IP Subscriber Media Gateway
The New Generation Network (NGN) architecture separates the control, media
and transport mechanism in the networks. Media Gateway Controller (MGC)
and Media Gateways (MG) are two important elements in providing voice
delivery in NGN. The IPSMG unit for UMUX provides media conversion and
sets up transport connections, as instructed by the MG. The IPSMG unit is
fully compliant with the media gateway control protocol H.248 / MEGACO. For
ISDN transport, the IPSMG supports the SIGTRANS standards.
IRL
Input rate limiting
IRL can be configured on the IPLM<x> for each VC in order to control the
bandwidth usage in upstream direction.
IS
Intermediate System
Element of the OSI hierarchy.
IS
Intermediate System
A system that provides forwarding functions or relaying functions or both for a

specific ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.
ISBUQ
UBUS unit for the UMUX 1200/1500 and UMUX 1100/1300 providing 8 ISDNBRA user ports (2B1Q) for V5.x applications.
ISBUT
UBUS unit for the UMUX 1200/1500 and UMUX 1100/1300 providing 8 ISDNBRA user ports (4B3T) for V5.x applications.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN-BA
ISDN - Basic Access
Same meaning as ISDN-BRA Capacity: 2B+1D channel
ISDN-BRA
ISDN - Basic Rate Access
Same meaning as ISDN-BA
ISDN-PRA
ISDN - Primary Rate Access
Capacity: 30B+1D channel
IS-IS
Intermediate System-toIntermediate System
Layer 3 OSI routing protocol, equivalent to OSPF in IP.
page 14 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
ISO
International Organisation for

Standardisation
An international organization for standardization, based in Geneva, Switzerland, that establishes voluntary standards and promotes global trade of 90
member countries.
ISP
Internet Service Provider
ITC
Synchronisation mode used with IMA for NEs with IMA interfaces.
See also CTC
ITU-T
International Telecommunication
Union - Telecommunication
Standardisation Sector
ITU-T is an international body of member countries whose task is to define

recommendations and standards relating to the international telecommunications industry. The fundamental standards for ATM have been defined and
published by the ITU-T (Previously CCITT).
IUA
ISDN User Adaptation
Signalling adaptation module for the transport of Q.931 signalling between SG

and ASP by means of SIGTRAN.
IVL
Independent VLAN learning
In a bridged VLAN, MAC address learning is performed individually for each

VLAN.
IWF
Interworking Function
L1
Level 1
Device that routes traffic within an OSI area
L2
Level 2
Device that routes traffic between OSI areas.
L3 Addr
Layer 3 Address
15 bit number (for PSTN) which uniquely references a user port within a V5
interface
LACP
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
According to IEEE 802.3ad; used to bundle several physical ports together to

form one logical port.
LAN
Local Area Network
A network designed to move data between stations within a campus.
LANE
LAN Emulation
The set of services, functional groups and protocols which provide for the
emulation of LANS utilizing ATM as a backbone to allow connectivity among
LAN and ATM attached end stations.
LAPD
Link Access Procedure D
A layer 2 protocol defined by ITU-T. This protocol reliably transfers blocks of

information across a single Layer 1 link and supports multiplexing of different
connections at Layer 2.
LAPD according to ITU-T, Q.921 is e.g. used with ISDN BA (D-channbel).
LAWA4
PBUS unit that connects a local area network (LAN) over a 10BaseT interface
to UMUX units with aggregate interfaces.
Layer Entity
Layer Entity
An active element within a layer.
Layer Function
Layer Function
A part of the activity of the layer entities.
Layer Service
Layer Service
A capability of a layer and the layers beneath it that is provided to the upper
layer entities at the boundary between that layer and the next higher layer.
Layer User Data
Layer User Data
Data transferred between corresponding entities on behalf of the upper layer

or layer management entities for which they are providing services.
LB
Leaky Bucket
Leaky Bucket is the term used as an analogous description of the algorithm

used for conformance checking of cell flows from a user or network (See
GCRA, UPC and NPC). The "leaking hole in the bucket" applies to the sustained rate at which cells can be accommodated, while the "bucket depth"
applies to the tolerance to cell bursting over a given time period.
LC
Link Connection
Represents the transmission capacity in UNM NP Model
LCAS
Link Capacity Adjustment

Scheme
Protocol that allows bandwidth to be added or removed to a Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) from the management system. ITU-T G.7042
LE
Local Exchange
The local exchange provides the analogue telephone and ISDN services.
LE2Q2
Family of UBUS units with 2 IFs for twisted copper pairs and front or UBUS
data access. The LECA2 family supports xDSL services.
The LECA2 uses the 2B1Q line code.
LE2QR
Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LE2Q2 (2B1Q). The
LE2QR provides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/s
G.703/G.704, X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.
Local 48 volt DC or mains powering.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 15 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
Leaky Bucket
Leaky Bucket
An informal term for the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm.
LEC
Local Exchange Carrier
A telephone company affiliate of a Regional Bell Operating Company or an

Independent Telephone Company.
LEC
LAN Emulation Client
The entity in end systems which performs data forwarding, address resolution,
and other control functions.
LECA2
Family of UBUS units with 2 IFs for twisted copper pairs and front or UBUS
data access. The LECA2 family supports xDSL services.
LECA2 uses CAP.
LECAB
Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LECA2 (CAP). The LECAR
provides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/s G.703/G.704,
X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.
110 240 V mains powering.
LECAF
Special unit with 2 xDSL IFs for twisted copper pairs. The LECAF has no bus
access and provides front access for all signals and services. The xDSL IFs
are compatible with the LECA2 xDSL IFs.
LECAR
Desktop unit with 2 DSL interfaces compatible with LECA2 (CAP). The LECAR
provides locally a 2 Mbit/s G.703/G.704 IF or n x 64 kbit/s G.703/G.704,
X.21/V.11, V35 or V.36 IFs.
Local 48 volt DC or mains powering.
LECID
LAN Emulation Client Identifier
This identifier, contained in the LAN Emulation header, indicates the ID of the
ATM host or ATM-LAN bridge. It is unique for every ATM Client.
LECS
LAN Emulation Configuration

Server
This implements the policy controlled assignment of individual LE clients to

different emulated LANs by providing the LES ATM addresses.
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LEMQ6
PBUS unit that concentrates the xDSL IP-packed oriented traffic of its 6 subscribers and transfers the traffic to the local 10BaseT front interface or to the
PBUS cross connect.
The LEMQ6 uses the 2B1Q line code.
LEMU6
PBUS unit that concentrates the xDSL IP-packed oriented traffic of its 6 subscribers and transfers the traffic to the local 10BaseT front interface or to the
PBUS cross connect.
The LEMU6 supports CAP.
LES
LAN Emulation Server
This implements the control coordination function for the Emulated LAN, examples are enabling a LEC to join an ELAN, resolving MAC to ATM addresses.
LESA8
PBUS unit with 8 DSL IFs and 8 x 2 P12 PBUS access. The LESA8 provides
up to 8 DSL services via 1 pair or up to 4 DSL services via 2 pairs. Mixed
modes are possible.
The LESA8 supports the 2B1Q, CAP and PAM16 line codes.
LESA8 is compatible with the LECAR and MUSIC 200 R1 CPE.
LESI8
Same as LESA8 with differences as follows:

The current version supports the CAP and PAM16 line codes.
The LESI8 is compatible with the MUSIC 200 R2 and MUSIC 700 CPE family.
LFA
Loss of Frame Alignment
Link Connection
Link Connection
A link connection (e.g., at the VP-level) is a connection capable of transferring

information transparently across a link without adding any overhead, such as
cells for purposes for monitoring. It is delineated by connection points at the
boundary of the subnetwork.
Link Constraint
Link Constraint
A restriction on the use of links for path selection for a specific connection.
Link Metric
Link Metric
A link parameter that requires the values of the parameter for all links along a
given path to be combined to determine whether the path is acceptable and/or
desirable for carrying a given connection.
Link State Parameter
Link State Parameter
Information that captures an aspect or property of a link.
LINTE
page 16 of 36
Telephone line test unit for the UMUX 1300/1100(E). LINTE is no longer supported.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
LLC
Logical Link Control
Sub-protocol at Layer 2 in the OSI model performing framing, flow control and
error correction.
LMSDSL
Low speed Multi-rate Symmetrical DSL
The following rates are defined for MSDSL:

128 / 256 kbit/s.
LOC
Loss of Cell Delineation
A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY

overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost cell delineation.
Used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
LODS
Link Out of Delay Synchronisation
State of a link within an IMA group which can no longer be synchronised to the
other links in the group because of its delay.
LOF
Loss of Frame

overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation.
This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
LOMI4
PBUS unit for the UMUX with 4 2 Mbit/s interfaces G.703 for transparent or
structured signals. Performance monitoring, protection and diagnostic functions are provided. Functionally identical with the LOMIF.
LOMIF
PBUS unit for the UMUX with 8 2 Mbit/s interfaces G.703 for transparent or
structured signals. Performance monitoring, protection and diagnostic functions are provided.
LOP
Loss of Pointer

overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the
start of cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY
layer.
LOS
Loss Of Synchronisation
LOS
Loss of Signal

overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the received signal.
This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
LR
Line Runner
The LineRunner SHDSL is a Keymile product family of SHDSL components

suited for data transmission in copper networks. The LR family has subrack
based equipment for the central office and desktop units for the customer
premises. Repeaters allow for SHDSL range extensions and remote powering
is supported for remote equipment.
LR DTM
LineRunner DeskTop Modular
The Line Runner DTM is a desktop unit for the STIC<X> unit with SHDSL
transmission (1 or 2 pairs) and X.24/V.11, V.35, V.24/V.28 interfaces supporting 1+1 path protection and point to multipoint applications. Remote powered
LR DTM versions are available.
LR SREG
LineRunner SHDSL Regenerator Regenerators with remote powering capabilities for the range extension of the
SHDSL loop in applications of STIC<X>, LR DTM.
SREG1 supports 1-pair, SREG2 supports 2-pair systems.
LSA
Link State Advertisement
Packet containing information about each of the links to its neighbours to

every other router.
LSAP
Link Service Access Point
Logical address of boundary between layer 3 and LLC sublayer 2.
LSB
Least Significant Bit
The lowest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value.
LSD
Link State Database
List of link state PDUs received from other routing elements.
LSP
Link State Protocol
Protocol used with OSPF to update the link state information for the routers.
See LSA.
LT
Functional group for PRA applications. The LT functional group consists of the
2 function blocks LT-U and LT-V3.
LTE
Line Terminal Equipment
Used for interfaces providing direct termination of the physical transmission

(copper pairs, optical fibres).
LTP
Linear Trail Protection
To protect VC-12 Tributaries over two STM-1 paths
LT-U
Reference point for PRA applications. LT-U connects the LT to the transmission (network) side.
LT-V3
Reference point for PRA applications. LT-V3 provides the reference point V3
for the UMUX network (exchange side).
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 17 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
MAC
Media Access Control
Unique identifier (address) of the COBU<X> used for addressing (QX-interface,

NSAP with IP tunnelling)
MAC
Media Access Control
IEEE specifications for the lower half of the data link layer (layer 2) that defines
topology dependent access control protocols for IEEE LAN specifications.
MADT
Mean Accumulated Down Time
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
A network designed to carry data over an area larger than a campus such as
an entire city and its outlying area.
Management System
Management System
An entity that manages a set of managed systems, which can be either NEs,
subnetworks or other management systems.
MAGIC
UMUX unit with 8 magneto subscriber line interfaces. The MAGIC detects and
generates the magneto line signalling and provides voice interfaces with E&M
signalling (e.g. for the NEMCA, NEMSG).
MAGI8
Improved substitute for the legacy MAGIC unit.
MAP
Multiservice Access Platform
All the equipment and software which is managed via UCST and UNEM,
including UCST and UNEM.
MaxCR
Maximum Cell Rate
This is the maximum capacity usable by connections belonging to the specified service category.
MBS
Maximum Burst Size
In the signalling message, the Burst Tolerance (BT) is conveyed through the
MBS which is coded as a number of cells. The BT together with the SCR and
the GCRA determine the MBS that may be transmitted at the peak rate and
still be in conformance with the GCRA.
MC
Matrix Connection
Cross Connection in UMUX
MC
Management Communication
MCAS
Mercury CAS
Proprietary CAS signalling system supported by the SUBLA and PHLC<X>

units.
MCDV
Maximum Cell Delay Variance
This is the maximum two-point CDV objective across a link or node for the
specified service category.
MCLR
Maximum Cell Loss Ratio
This is the maximum ratio of the number of cells that do not make it across the
link or node to the total number of cells arriving at the link or node.
MCN
Management Communication
Network
The MCN is the network that transports the management communication of

the UMUX.
MCR
Minimum Cell Rate
An ABR service traffic descriptor, in cells/sec. The source is always allowed to

send at this rate.
MCTD
Maximum Cell Transfer Delay
This is the sum of the fixed delay component across the link or node and
MCDV.
MDF
Main Distribution Frame
MEGACO
Media Gateway Control protocol
MEGIF
Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG) are two important elements in NGN. The H.248 / MEGACO protocol is used for MGC to MG
(IPSMG) communication.
UBUS unit with 2 2 Mbit/s interfaces according to ITU-T G.703/704.
MFA
Multi Frame Alignment
Indicates the alignment of the CRC-4 multi-frame of structured 2 Mbit/s traffic

signals.
MG
Media Gateway
The media gateway (MG) is responsible for the media stream conversion, i.e.
the conversion of TDM based voice signals into ATM cells or IP packets and
the signalling protocol conversion. There are three types of MGs: Access
Gateway, Trunking Gateway and Residential Gateway.
MGC
Media Gateway Controller
The media gateway controller (MGC) manages the connections and contains
the call control functionality. A single MGC can control several MGs. The MGC
terminates the H.248/MEGACO protocol. The MGC is part of the softswitch.
MIB
Management Information Base
NE database which the COBU<X> manages.
MIB
Management Information Base
A definition of management items for some network component that can be

accessed by a network manager. A MIB includes the names of objects it contains and the type of information retained.
page 18 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
MID
Message Identifier
The message identifier is used to associate ATM cells that carry segments
from the same higher layer packet.
MIR
Maximum Information Rate
Refer to PCR.
MON
Monitored
Fault reporting option monitored.
MOSPF
Multicast OSPF
Type 6 of OSPF routing packets.
MPEG
Motion Picture Experts Group
An ISO Standards group dealing with video and audio compression techniques and mechanisms for multiplexing and synchronizing various media
streams.
MPOA
Multiprotocol over ATM
An effort taking place in the ATM Forum to standardize protocols for the purpose of running multiple network layer protocols over ATM.
MRTIE
Maximum Relative Time Interval

Error
This parameter is described in ITU-T G.823 for traffic interfaces and is relevant
for the ACONV adaptive clock mode (resistance to jitter & wander). Wander is
always specified and measured as a Relative Time Interval Error (RTIE) between the signal of interest and some reference clock.
MS
Multiplex Section
The Multiplex Section Layer allows synchronisation routing information to be

carried over the STM-1 signal via the SSM (Synchronisation Status Message).
MSB
Most Significant Bit
The highest order bit in the binary representation of a numerical value.
MS-DOS
Microsoft Disk Operating System
Microsoft and MS-DOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation USA and

world-wide.
MSDSL
Multi-rate Symmetrical DSL
The following rates are defined for MSDSL:

128 / 256 / 384 / 512 / 768 / 1024 / 1536 / 2048 / 2304 kbit/s. Same rates for
up- and downstream.
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
Protection of the Multiplex Section e.g. via the 2 optical ports of the SYNIO.
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
MTIE
Maximum Time Interval Error
MTTF
Mean Time To Failure
MIRIG
Ringing signal generator unit for the SUBL<X > units in the UMUX 1100(E).
This parameter is described in ITU-T G.823 for synchronisation interfaces and

is relevant for the ACONV adaptive clock mode (resistance to jitter & wander).
Detailed definition of MTIE is provided in ITU-T G.810.
MTTR
Mean Time To Repair
MTU
MtU
Maximum Transmission Unit

Maximum Transfer Unit
Media Transfer Unit
Maximum size of a data packet (number of octets) that is allowed for the medium (network).
Multiplexing
Multiplexing
A function within a layer that interleaves the information from multiple connections into one connection.
MUSIC 100
The MUSIC 100 is a desktop unit with Ethernet interfaces and bridge/router
functionality. MUSIC 100 uses xDSL transmission via copper pairs at the
aggregate side (legacy name of the COLT soho).
MUSIC 200
The MUSIC 200 is a desktop unit and uses xDSL transmission via copper
pairs at the aggregate side. The MUSIC 200 provides integrated G.703 interface, 2 Mbit/s, 120 ohms and an interface adapter (G.703, 2 Mbit/s , X.21 /
V.11 N x 64 kbit/s, V.35 N x 64 kbit/s , V.36/RS449, 10BaseT N x 64 kbit/s).
MUSIC 700
The MUSIC 700 is the generic name of a range of CPE which use G.SHDSL
transmission via copper pairs at the aggregate side. Depending on the type,
the units of the MUSIC 700 series provide interfaces for telephone, ISDN and
LAN services.
MUSIC 703
The MUSIC 703 has the same basic features as the MUSIC 710 but not
POTS interfaces. Instead it features 3 universal serial data interface n x 64
kbit/s.
Supported interface types X.21/V.11, V.35 or V.36
MUSIC 710
The MUSIC710 is the first desktop unit of the MUSIC 700 series of units
which provides interfaces for telephone services including POTS and V5.x
user ports and LAN services via 2 local 10BaseT/100BaseX interfaces.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 19 of 36
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
The MUSIC 711 has the same features as the MUSIC 710 but additionally
features a universal serial data interface n x 64 kbit/s.
Supported interface types X.21/V.11, V.35 or V.36
MUSIC 711
NA
Non-urgent Alarm
NAT
Network Address Translation
Native Address
Native Address
An address that matches one of a given node's summary addresses.
NBI
North Bound Interface
An interface of a management system to a higher level management system
NE
Network Element
The NE is the basic (manageable) element of the network, normally a UMUX

Multi-service Access System or subrack based xDSL equipment.
NE
Network Element
A system that supports at least NEFs and may also support Operation System
Functions/Mediation Functions. An ATM NE may be realized as either a standalone device or a geographically distributed system. It cannot be further decomposed into managed elements in the context of a given management
function.
NEBRA
The NEBRA has the same functionality as the NEBRO but provides all optical
front interfaces (100 Base-FX and 1000 Base-SX/LX).
NEBRE
The NEBRE provides VLAN switching (tagging, traffic priorisation) and bridging (rapid spanning tree protocol) functions for the traffic collected from its
10/100 BaseT (electrical) and 100 Base-FX or 1000 Base-SX/LX (optical) front
interfaces. The NEBRE has no traffic interface with a generic UMUX bus.
NEBRO
The NEBRO is a SBUS unit which packs the 10/100 BaseT (electrical) and
100 Base-FX or 1000 Base-SX/LX (optical) traffic of its front interface into VC12 and VC-3 groups (virtual concatenation) for the transport via SDH traffic
(Ethernet over SDH). The release 2 of NEBRO includes VLAN switching (tagging, traffic priorisation) and bridging (rapid spanning tree protocol) functions.
NEF
Network Element Function
A function within an ATM entity that supports the ATM based network transport
services, (e.g., multiplexing, cross-connection).
Neighbour Node
Neighbour Node
A node that is directly connected to a particular node via a logical link.
NEL
Network Element Layer
An abstraction of functions related specifically to the technology, vendor, and

the network resources or network elements that provide basic communications
services.
NEM
Network Element Manager
Tool for the management of NEs and networks of NEs:

UNEM, featuring networking functions and a graphical network overview.
NEMCA
UBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signalling.
NEMGE
UBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signalling. High signal level inputs.
NEMSG
PBUS unit with 8 analogue interfaces for 2- or 4-wire voice and E+M signalling
(replaces NEMCA). NEMSG includes additionally circuits for P0-data and
voice traffic (including signalling) conferences (multipoint-to-multipoint, pointto-multipoint).
NEXT
Near End Crosstalk
Equipment that must concurrently receive on one wire pair and transmit on
another wire pair in the same cable bundle must accommodate NEXT interference. NEXT is the portion of the transmitted signal that leaks into the receive
pair. Since at this point on the link the transmitted signal is at maximum and
the receive signal has been attenuated, it may be difficult to maintain an acceptable ACR with the received signal if the cable media allows large amounts
of crosstalk leakage to occur. Foiled or shielded cables generally have less
crosstalk than unshielded varieties.
NGN
Next Generation Network
The NGN architecture separates the control, media and transport mechanism
in the networks. Media Gateway Controller (MGC) and Media Gateways (MG)
are two important elements in providing voice delivery in NGN. The IPSMG
unit is the UMUX MG for NGN.
NIF
Nodal Inter-Working Function
Software module at SG that interworks between ISDN and SIGTRAN stacks.
NIM
Non Intrusive Monitoring point
Configurable monitoring point for SYN4E which allows the signal monitoring in
VC containers.
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
N-ISDN
Narrowband Integrated Services

Digital Network
Services include basic rate interface (2B+D or BRI) and primary rate interface
(30B+D Europe and 23B+D North America or PRI). Supports narrowband
speeds at/or below 1.5 Mbps.
NM
Network Management
NMON
Not monitored
Fault reporting option not monitored
NMS
Network Management System
An entity that implements functions at the Network Management Layer. It may

also include Element Management Layer functions. A Network Management
System may manage one or more other Network Management Systems.
NP
Networking Package
Licensed Option to UNEM BP, Trail Manger
Nrm
An ABR service parameter, Nrm is the maximum number of cells a source

may send for each forward RM-cell.
NSAP
Network Service Access Point
OSI address according to ISO 8348
NSAP
Network Service Access Point
OSI generic standard for a network address consisting of 20 octets. ATM has
specified E.164 for public network addressing and the NSAP address structure
for private network addresses.
NT
NT
Functional group for PRA applications. The NT functional group consists of the
2 function blocks NT1-U and NT1-T.
Network Termination
Network Termination represents the termination point of a Virtual Channel,

Virtual Path, or Virtual Path/Virtual Channel at the UNI.
NT1-T
Reference point for PRA applications. The NT1-T provides the reference point
T for the UMUX network.
NT1-U
Reference point for PRA applications. The NT1-U connects the NT1 to the
transmission (network) side.
NTR
Network Timing Reference
Used in with end-to-end synchronisation via transmission (e.g. SHDSL).
NTU
Network Terminating Unit
For example the NTU remote data unit for the SULIS UBUS unit.
nx64K
O&M
This refers to a circuit bandwidth or speed provided by the aggregation of nx64

kbps channels (where n= integer > 1). The 64K or DS0 channel is the basic
rate provided by the T Carrier systems.
Operation and Maintenance
O22
8 Mbit/s optical signal.
O22

Physical Medium Section
OAM
Operations Administration and

Maintenance
A group of network management functions that provide network fault indication, performance information, and data and diagnosis functions.
Octet
Octet
A term for eight (8) bits that is sometimes used interchangeably with byte to
mean the same thing.
ODI
Remote Defect Indication
Lower Order Path Overhead. Indicates to the far end that TU-AIS has been
inserted at the TC-sink into the egressing TU-n.
ODI
Outgoing Defect Indication
In combination with TC
OEI
Outgoing Error Indication
Lower Order Path Overhead. Indicates errored blocks of egressing VC-n
OEI
Outgoing Error Indication
ONP
Open Network Provision
ETSI specification (ETSI TBR12) for 2 Mbit/s leased lines of public networks
that are synchronised by private network operators.
OODBMS
Object Oriented Data Base

Management System
A database from Versant
OOF
Out Of Frame
Refer to LOF.
ORL
Output rate limiting
ORL can be configured on the IPLM<x> for each ATM port and for each physical Ethernet port in order to control the bandwidth usage in downstream direction.
OS
Operating System
Here: Software system of the NE including basic and unit SW
OS
Optical Section
Deals with the Optical Section Layer on the STM-1 side.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
A seven (7) layer architecture model for communications systems developed

by the ISO for the interconnection of data communications systems. Each
layer uses and builds on the services provided by those below it.
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
A link-state routing algorithm that is used to calculate routes based on the

number of routers, transmission speed, delays and route cost.
OSPF is used for ECC routing with the COBUX. The LEMU6 and LAWA4
support OSPF routing for their subscriber traffic.
P0
64 kbit/s signal
P0
UCST TDM cross connections.
P0_nc
P0-nc
P0 n times concatenated
P12
P12s
2 Mbit/s signal, structured according to ITU-T G.704
P12x
2 Mbit/s signal, unstructured or with unknown structure
P22
IF on the unit level.
P31
IF on the unit level
P32
IF on the unit level.
PABX
Private Automatic Branch Exchange
A subscriber-owned telecommunications exchange that usually includes access to the PSTN.
PAD
Packet Assembler and Disassembler
A PAD assembles packets of asynchronous data and emits these buffers in a

burst to a packet switch network. The PAD also disassembles packets from
the network and emits the data to the non-packet device.
PAM-16
Phase Amplitude Modulation
Line code used with DSL (Digital Subscriber Loop) transmission
PBUS
PBUS
Internal highway structure implemented with UMUX 1200/1500 for cross connection on 1/1 and 1/0 level. Depending on type of UMUX, limitations on use
apply.
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
PBX is the term given to a device which provides private local voice switching
and voice-related services within the private network. A PBX could have an
ATM API to utilize ATM services, for example Circuit Emulation Service.
PC
Protocol Control
Protocol Control is a mechanism which a given application protocol may employ to determine or control the performance and health of the application.
Example, protocol liveness may require that protocol control information be
sent at some minimum rate; some applications may become intolerable to
users if they are unable to send at least at some minimum rate. For such
applications, the concept of MCR is defined. Refer to MCR.
PC memory card
PCMCIA card fitted to COBU<X>. Standard capacity 8 MBytes.
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
An audio encoding algorithm which encodes the amplitude of a repetitive

series of audio samples. This encoding algorithm converts analogue voice
samples into a digital bit stream.
PCMCIA card
Official name for PC memory card. Refer to PC memory card.
PCON2
PBUS unit for the UMUX 1200/1500 providing protocol conversion for 10 V5.1
interfaces and 1 V5.2 interface (with up to 8 2 Mbit/s links).
PCONV
PBUS unit for the UMUX 1200/1500 providing protocol conversion for 4 V5.1
interfaces or 1 V5.2 interface (2 2 Mbit/s links). The PCONV has 2 2 Mbit/s
G.703 electrical interfaces for structured and unstructured signals.
PCR
Peak Cell Rate
The Peak Cell Rate, in cells/sec, is the cell rate which the source may never
exceed.
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDH (plesiochronous means nearly synchronous), was developed to carry

digitised voice over twisted pair cabling more efficiently. This evolved into the
North American, European, and Japanese Digital Hierarchies where only a
discrete set of fixed rates is available, namely, nxDS0 (DS0 is a 64 kbps rate)
and then the next levels in the respective multiplex hierarchies.
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
PDR
Processing Defect Ratio
Used in conjunction with BHCA.
P-DSL
xDSL path interface on the unit level (traffic layer) which is used (UNEM NP) to
adapt to P0_nc or P12 or VC-12.
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
Packet term for OSI networks.
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
A PDU is a message of a given protocol comprising payload and protocolspecific control information, typically contained in a header. PDUs pass over
the protocol interfaces which exist between the layers of protocols (per OSI
model).
PEC
Product Engineering Code
The KEYMILE Product Engineering Code technically identifies and describes

the product, its state and evolution. The PEC cannot be used for ordering or
other commercial purposes.
Permanent Virtual
Circuit
Permanent Virtual Circuit
PETS
Plesiochronous Equipment
Timing Source
Timing system of for PDH traffic signals and equipment.
PHA
PBUS Highway Access
Number of PBUS highways (each 2 Mbit/s of traffic signals plus corresponding

signalling) presently seized by a unit.
PHAU
(PH)
PBUS Highway Access Per Unit
This UMUX specific figure provides the maximum number of PBUS accesses
per unit in 2 Mbit/s accesses. This number is always a multiple of 4 (n x 4, n =
0 32).
PHLC1
PSTN High density Line Card
3 slot wide PBUS unit for UMUX 1200/1500 with 60 PSTN subscriber line
interfaces featuring subscriber line test. Used with V5.x and other special
protocol based signalling systems.
PHLC2
Ditto
Ditto for 30 subscribers
PHLC3
Ditto
Ditto for 10 subscribers
PHY
OSI Physical Layer
The physical layer provides for transmission of cells over a physical medium
connecting two ATM devices. This physical layer is comprised of two sublayers: the PMD Physical Medium Dependent sublayer, and the TC Transmission
Convergence sublayer. Refer PMD and TC.
Physical Link
Physical Link
A real link which attaches two switching systems.
PICS
Performance Implementation
Compliance Statement
Standard compliance lists for the definition of the national V5.x performance
PICS
Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
A statement made by the supplier of an implementation or system stating

which capabilities have been implemented for a given protocol.
PID
Protocol Identification
Refer to OUI.
PJE
Pointer Justification Event
A PJE is an inversion of the I- or D-bits of the pointer, together with an increment or decrement of the pointer value to signify a frequency justification.
PJE counts are reported separately for pointer increments (positive events)
+PJE and decrements (negative events) PJE.
PLL
Phase Locked Loop
Phase Lock Loop is a mechanism whereby timing information is transferred

within a data stream and the receiver derives the signal element timing by
locking its local clock source to the received timing information.
PLS
Physical LAN Signalling
PM
Performance Monitoring
Most UMUX units provide PM for their traffic signals.
PM
Physical Medium
Physical Medium refers to the actual physical interfaces. Several interfaces

are defined including STS-1, STS-3c, STS-12c, STM-1, STM-4, DS1, E1, DS2,
E3, DS3, E4, FDDI-based, Fibre Channel-based, and STP. These range in
speeds from 1.544Mbps through 622.08 Mbps.
PMA
Physical Medium Attachment
A device that e.g. attaches the NE to a 10 BASE-T Ethernet LAN.
PMD
Physical Media Dependent
This sublayer defines the parameters at the lowest level, such as speed of the
bits on the media.
PMS
OS, ES

Physical Medium Section of STM-1
(OS = optical, ES = electrical)
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
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Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
PNNI
Private Network-Network Interface
A routing information protocol that enables extremely scalable, full function,

dynamic multi-vendor ATM switches to be integrated in the same network.
PODIS
POwerDIStribution
Power distribution unit for the remote powering of 4 HDSL CAP desktop units
in conjunction with the POSUR unit.
POP
Point Of Presence
Port Identifier
Port Identifier
The identifier assigned by a logical node to represent the point of attachment

of a link to that node.
POSUA
Power supply unit for the UMUX 1200. It converts the mains voltage first to the
primary battery voltage and then to the internal VCC supply voltages. The
POSUA can drive an external battery for power backup (BATMO option).
POSUM
Power converter unit for the UMUX, which converts the battery voltage to the
internal power supply voltages. The unit fits any slot in the UMUX subrack and
can be operated in parallel in order to build up protection.
Higher capacity and efficiency than the POSUS.
POSUR
Power Supply Remote
POSUS
Power source for the remote powering of the LECAR/LE2QR and DSL regenerator in conjunction with the PODIS unit.
Refer to POSUM.
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
PPPoE
PPP over Ethernet
Popular connection mode between Internet access provider and client.
PRA
Primary Rate Access
The Primary Rate Access is an ISDN based function that provides a 2 Mbit/s
access. Refer to PRI.
PRBS
Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
Sequence of bits with a random pattern of bits which repeats after a number of
bits (e.g. sequences of 1011-1, 1015-1, 1020-1 bits).
PRC
Primary Reference Clock
PRI
Primary Rate Interface
An ISDN standard for provisioning of 1.544 Mbit/s (DS1 North America,

Japan, et al) or 2.048 Mbit/s (E1 Europe) ISDN services. DS1 is 23 B
channels of 64 kbit/s each and one signalling D channel of 64 kbit/s/ E1 is 30
B channels of 64 kbit/s each and one signalling D channel of 64 kbit/s.
Private ATM Address
Private ATM Address
A twenty-byte address used to identify an ATM connection termination point.
Protocol
Protocol
A set of rules and formats (semantic and syntactic) that determines the communication behaviour of layer entities in the performance of the layer functions.
Protocol Control
Information
Protocol Control Information
Information exchanged between corresponding entities, using a lower layer

connection, to coordinate their joint operation.
PRS
Primary Reference Source
PSC
Protection Switch Count
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone

Network
PT
Payload Type
Payload Type is a 3-bit field in the ATM cell header that discriminates between
a cell carrying management information or one which is carrying user information.
PTI
Payload Type Indicator
Payload Type Indicator is the Payload Type field value distinguishing the
various management cells and user cells. Example: Resource Management
cell has PTI=110, end-to-end OAM F5 Flow cell has PTI=101.
PTMPT
Point-To-Multipoint
A main source to many destination connections.
The PSC is a protection performance parameter and provides information of

the number of switching events.
PVC
Private Virtual Circuit
This is a link with static route defined in advance, usually by manual setup.
PVCC
Permanent Virtual Channel

Connection
A Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) is an ATM connection where switching is

performed on the VPI/VCI fields of each cell. A Permanent VCC is one which
is provisioned through some network management function and left up indefinitely.
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
PVPC
Permanent Virtual Path Connection
A Virtual Path Connection (VPC) is an ATM connection where switching is

performed on the VPI field only of each cell. A Permanent VPC is one which is
provisioned through some network management function and left up indefinitely.
PW
Password
Used in context with User Classes, Customer Id and System Access.
Q1
Local Management Interface allowing to connect several NEs
QCS
Queue Congested Seconds
Indicates the number of seconds that a buffer queue of an ATM interface in

the UMUX is congested (buffer queue full).
Q-in-Q
Queue in Queue
VLAN Tag stacking, 802.1Q that allows providing extra information (Protocol/type, VLAN priority/tag, etc.) into the frame header.
QL
Quality Level
4-bit code in the TS 0 of a PCM frame (SSM) indicating the quality level of
the signal provided for synchronisation use.
QoS
Quality of Service
Quality of Service is defined on an end-to-end basis in terms of the following

attributes of the end-to-end ATM connection:
- Cell Loss Ratio
- Cell Transfer Delay
- Cell Delay Variation
QX
RAI
LAN Management Interface

Remote Alarm Indication
RAS
Remote Access Service
Modems for the remote access of NEs.
RDB
Router DataBase
Database of the (OSPF) router with the router tables and link state information.
RDI
Remote Defect Indication
The Remote Defect Indication signal is representing the defection of the received signal.
REI
Remote Error Indication
The Remote Error Indicator signal is containing the number of detected error
detection code.
Also in combination with TCM
REN
Ringer Equivalent Normal
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference
Refer to EMI.
RIB
Routing Information Base
Database formed of the LSD and FIB in the OSI routing elements.
RIGEN
Ringing signal generator unit for the SUBL<X> units in the UMUX 1300 and
UMUX 1500.
RM
Resource Management
Resource Management is the management of critical resources in an ATM

network. Two critical resources are buffer space and trunk bandwidth. Provisioning may be used to allocate network resources in order to separate traffic
flows according to service characteristics. VPCs play a key role in resource
management. By reserving capacity on VPCs, the processing required to
establish individual VCCs is reduced. Refer to RM-cell.
RM-Cell
Resource Management Cell
Information about the state of the network like bandwidth availability, state of
congestion, and impending congestion, is conveyed to the source through
special control cells called Resource Management Cells (RM-cells).
ROM
Read Only Memory
Router
Router
A physical device that is capable of forwarding packets based on network layer

information and that also participates in running one or more network layer
routing protocols.
RPF
Reference Publication Format
The RPF notification for NSAP addresses is specified in the ITU-T standard
X.213 and represents the NSAP addresses in the format IDP + DSP.
RPS
Remote Powering System
RS
Regenerator Section
The Regenerator Section Layer allows the STM-1 signal to be labelled with a
STM-1 TTI for ensuring that any incorrect connection of the wrong optical
signals is monitored and alarmed.
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Protocol implemented on bridge devices which allows to avoid loops in multipath scenarios. Convergence time around 1 second depending on the network
number of bridge devices on the network. IEEE 802.1w
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 25 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
RTP
Real-Time Transport Protocol
RTP is used for the transport of voice packets across an IP network.
RX
Rx
Interface which receives the signal (normally equal to input).
SA
Source Address
The address from which the message or data originated
SA
Source MAC Address
A six octet value uniquely identifying an end point and which is sent in an IEEE
LAN frame header to indicate source of frame.
SAAL
Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer This resides between the ATM layer and the Q.2931 function. The SAAL
provides reliable transport of Q.2931 messages between Q.2931 entities (e.g.,
ATM switch and host) over the ATM layer; two sublayers: common part and
service specific part.
SABME
Set Asynchronous Balanced

Mode Extended
Command of OSI user network.
SAP
Service Access Point
A SAP is used for the following purposes:

- When the application initiates an outgoing call to a remote ATM device, a
destination_SAP specifies the ATM address of the remote device, plus further addressing that identifies the target software entity within the remote
device.
- When the application prepares to respond to incoming calls from remote
ATM devices, a local_SAP specifies the ATM address of the device housing
the application, plus further addressing that identifies the application within
the local device.
There are several groups of SAPs that are specified as valid for Native ATM
Services.
SAR
Segmentation and Reassembly
Method of breaking up arbitrarily sized packets.
SASE
Stand Alone Synchronisation

Equipment
The SASE reconditions clock signals by eliminating jitter from the clock (function according to ITU-T G.812). The UMUX do not provide this function.
SbU
Subunit
Term of an generic element in the structure of UMUX (refer to units)
SBUS
UMUX internal bus for the cross connection of SDH signals (VC-12, VC-3).
The SBUS is physically identical with the ABUS.
The first unit configured (ABUS, SBUS unit) defines the signal structure of the
bus.
SCN
Switched Circuit Network
SCN is a type of network in which a physical path is obtained for and dedicated to a single connection between two end-points in the network for the
duration of the connection.
SCR
Sustainable Cell Rate
The SCR is an upper bound on the conforming average rate of an ATM connection over time scales which are long relative to those for which the PCR is
defined. Enforcement of this bound by the UPC could allow the network to
allocate sufficient resources, but less than those based on the PCR, and still
ensure that the performance objectives (e.g., for Cell Loss Ratio) can be
achieved.
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission

Protocol
SCTP is a part of the SIGTRAN framework. SCTP is a common signalling

transport layer supporting a common set of reliable transport functions for
signalling transport.
SD
Signal Degraded
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDSL
Symmetrical DSL
SDT
Structured Data Transfer
An AAL1 data transfer mode in which data is structured into blocks which are
then segmented into cells for transfer.
SDU
Service Data Unit
A unit of interface information whose identity is preserved from one end of a

layer connection to the other.
SE
Switching Element
Switching Element refers to the device or network node which performs ATM
switching functions based on the VPI or VPI/VCI pair.
SEAL
Simple and Efficient Adaptation

Layer
An earlier name for AAL5.
page 26 of 36
The ITU-TSS International standard for transmitting information over optical

fibre.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
SEC
Synchronous Equipment Clock
Block of the SETS timing system.
Segment
Segment
A single ATM link or group of interconnected ATM links of an ATM connection.
SEL
Severely Errored Second
Selector switch within the NSAP address. SEL is a part of the DSP (other
parts: High DSP, SID).
SEL
Selector
Generally used to identify different destinations on an ES such as applications

or services above the data link layer on NSAP addresses.
Semipermanent
Connection
Semipermanent Connection
A connection established via a service order or via network management.
SES
Severely Errored Second
A unit used to specify the error performance of T carrier systems. This indicates a second containing ten or more errors, usually expressed as SES per
hour, day, or week. This method gives a better indication of the distribution of
bit errors than a simple Bit Error Rate (BER). Refer also to EFS.
SES
Source End Station
An ATM termination point, which is the source of ATM messages of a connection, and is used as a reference point for ABR services. Refer to DES.
SESR
Severely Errored Second Ratio
SETS
Synchronous Equipment Timing

Source
Timing system for SDH signals and equipment.
SETS P
Synchronous Equipment Timing

Source Protection
Protection of the SETS timing system.
SF
Signal Fail
SFP
Small Form factor Pluggable
Pluggable module with SFP electrical or optical transceivers of any flavour.

SFP modules provide 100BASE-FX / 1000BASE-SX/LX and STM-1 (S.1.x,
L1.x, X1.x and CWDM) optical interfaces. SFP modules with electrical STM-1
interfaces are available as well.
SG
Signalling Gateway
The SG interconnects the NGN with the PSTN or ISDN signalling network and
allows end-to-end signalling for calls between NGN and PSTN or ISDN, i.e.
the SG connects the softswitch to the signalling network SS7 or to an ISDN
TE.
Shaping Descriptor
Shaping Descriptor
N ordered pairs of GCRA parameters (I,L) used to define the negotiated traffic
shape of a connection.
SHDSL
Single pair High speed Digital

Subscriber Line
Data transmission over subscriber lines with symmetrical bit rates (up- and
downstream) according to ITU-T G.991.2 (= G.SHDSL). SHDSL uses the
PAM-16 line code. Several pairs are used in the line bonding mode.
SID
System IDentifier
Sequence of the NSAP address that identifies the system (=system address).
The SID is a part of the DSP (other parts: High DSP, SEL).
SIFOX
SIxty-FOur kbit/s X.24
UBUS unit with 4 full-duplex synchronous 64 kbit/s interfaces (X.24 and V.11).
Unit is required to implement the EOC.
SIGTRAN
SIP-T
SIGTRAN allows to transport telephony signalling over IP.

Session Initiation Protocol for
Telephones
Extension of SIP to support inter-softswitch communications. In NGN, BICC is

used as the signalling protocol between softswitches.
SLID1
Same as SLIM1 with differences as follows:

The current version supports the CAP and PAM16 line code. Other codes are
FUTURE OPTIONS.
SLID1 is compatible with the MUSIC 200 R2 and MUSIC 700 CPE family.
SLID2
Same as SLID1 with differences as follows:

Supports additionally remote powering for the CAP regenerator.
SLIM1
PBUS unit provides two DSL services as well as two E12 interfaces. The
SLIM1 provides access to the PBUS for Nx64 kbit/s and P12 traffic signals.
The SLIM supports 2 single pair services or 2 two-pair services or a mixture of
both.
The current version supports the CAP line code.
SLIM1 is compatible with the LECAR and MUSIC 200 R1 CPE.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 27 of 36
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
SLIM2
Same as SLIM1 with differences as follows:

Supports additionally remote powering for the CAP regenerator.
SMDS
Switched Multi-Megabit Data

Services
A connectionless service used to connect LANs, MANs and WANs to exchange data.
SMG
Subscriber Media Gateway
The SMG is the same as an Access Gateway (AG), i.e. it supports line side
interfaces, e.g. for analogue or ISDN phones.
SNAP
SubNetwork Access Point
Same as SID
SNC
Sub Network Connection
Is a part of a NP application
SNC
Subnetwork Connection
In the context of ATM, an entity that passes ATM cells transparently, (i.e.,
without adding any overhead). A SNC may be either a stand-alone SNC, or a
concatenation of SNCs and link connections.
SNCP
SubNetwork Connection Protection
SNCP/I
SNCP with Inherent monitoring
For P12x, P0-nc signals
SNCP/N
SNCP with Non-intrusive monitoring
For P12s signals
SNI
Service Node Interface
SNMP
Simple Network Management

Protocol
The UNEM provides an SNMP interface for alarms.

Originally designed for the Department of Defense network to support TCP/IP
network management. It has been widely implemented to support the management of a broad range of network products and functions. SNMP is the
IETF standard management protocol for TCP/IP networks.
SOH
Section OverHead
Section overhead in SDH signals and containers (e.g. the SOH in the STM-1
frame).
Source Traffic
Source Traffic
A set of traffic parameters belonging to the ATM Traffic Descriptor used during
the connection set-up to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of the connection requested by the source.
SPF
Shortest Path First
Algorithm used by routing protocols to find the best (cheapest) route to a

destination network.
SPTS
Single Program Transport

Stream
An MPEG-2 Transport Stream that consists of only one program.
SREG
SHDSL Regenerator
Refer to LR SREG.
SRQ
Signal ReQuest
Indicates the result of the input signal monitoring for the SYNI<X> units with
MSP (SF, SD/high No request)
SRTS
Synchronous residual Time

Stamp
A clock recovery technique in which difference signals between source timing

and a network reference timing signal are transmitted to allow reconstruction
of the source timing at the destination.
SS7
Signal System Number 7
A family of signalling protocols originating from narrowband telephony. They

are used to set-up, manage and tear down connections as well as to exchange
non-connection associated information. Refer to BISUP, MTP, SCCP and
TCAP.
SSCS
Service Specific Convergence

Sublayer
The portion of the convergence sublayer that is dependent upon the type of
traffic that is being converted.
SSI
Synchronisation Status Indication
Indicates weather the data stream can be used as timing source for synchronisation or not.
SSM
Synchronisation Status Message Encoded information in TS 0 of PCM frames, providing a quantitative value for
the usability of the data stream for synchronisation purposes. Standardised by
G.704.
STB
Set Top Box
Used for connection and billing between Internet video- and TV subscribers
and the video- and TV provider.
STC
System Time Clock
The master clock in an MPEG-2 encoder or decoder system.
page 28 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
STIC1
The STIC1 has 8 DSL line interfaces and provides access to the PBUS for
Nx64 kbit/s and P12 traffic signals. STIC1 provides a maximum of 8 single-pair
DSL services, or 4 two-pair DSL services, or a mixture of both. STIC1 supports
wetting current individually for each DSL service.
STIC2
Same functionality as STIC1 but with support of line powering for a regenerator or a desktop unit individually on each DSL service.
STM
Synchronous Transfer Module
STM is a basic building block used for a synchronous multiplexing hierarchy

defined by the CCITT/ITU-T.
STM-1
Synchronous Transport Module

1
SDH standard for transmission over OC-3 optical fibre at 155.52 Mbps.
STM-1 operates at a rate of 155.52 Mbps (same as STS-3).
STM-n

n
(where n is an integer)
SDH standards for transmission over optical fibre (OC-n x 3) by multiplexing

n STM-1 frames, (e.g., STM-4 at 622.08 Mbps and STM-16 at 2.488 Gbps).
STM-nc

n concatenated
(where n is an integer)
SDH standards for transmission over optical fibre (OC-n x 3) by multiplexing

n STM-1 frames, (e.g., STM-4 at 622.08 Mbps and STM-16 at 2.488 Gbps,
but treating the information fields as a single concatenated payload).
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol
Protocol implemented on bridge devices which allows to avoid loops in multipath scenarios. Convergence time up to 30 seconds depending on the network number of bridge devices on the network. IEEE 802.1D
SUBAT
UBUS unit with 4 U-interfaces (4B3T coding) to NT1s (ISDN subscriber side).
SUBH
High density UMUX PBUS units with POTS subscriber line interfaces. SUBH
supports V5.x and other special protocol based signalling systems and subscriber line test.
The SUBH generation of units replaces and substitutes the PHLC unit generation.
SUBH1
PBUS unit with 10 POTS subscriber line interfaces. The SUBH1 substitutes
and replaces the PHLC3.
SUBH3
PBUS unit with 30 POTS subscriber line interfaces in 1 slot of the UMUX
subrack. The SUBH3 substitutes and replaces the PHLC1.
SUBL<X>
UBUS unit with 12 POTS interfaces to telephone sets.
Sublayer
Sublayer
A logical sub-division of a layer.
SUBUK
UBUS unit with 12 POTS interfaces to telephone sets. UK version.
SULIC
UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (2B1Q coding) to connect the NTU remote data
unit.
SULIS
UBUS unit with 8 U-interfaces (2B1Q coding) to NT1s (ISDN subscriber side).
SVC
Switched Virtual Circuit
A connection established via signalling. The user defines the endpoints when
the call is initiated.
SVCC
Switched Virtual Channel Connection
A Switched VCC is one which is established and taken down dynamically

through control signalling. A Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) is an ATM
connection where switching is performed on the VPI/VCI fields of each cell.
SVL
Shared VLAN learning
In a bridged VLAN, MAC address learning is performed globally and all VLANs
can use the same forwarding database.
SVPC
Switched Virtual Path Connection
A Switched Virtual Path Connection is one which is established and taken

down dynamically through control signalling. A Virtual Path Connection (VPC)
is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI field only of
each cell.
SW
Software
General expression for any kind of software.
Switched Connection
Switched Connection
A connection established via signalling.
SYN4E
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
SBUS unit with 4 SFP-module based STM-N interfaces and 4 local Ethernet
interfaces. 2 STM-interfaces support STM-4 or STM-1 modules, while the 2
remaining interfaces support STM-1 only. SYN4E provides a local cross connect for VC-traffic and has SBUS access for VC-12 and VC-3 traffic.
SYN4E supports EoS in VC-12, VC-3 and VC-4 with VCAT and LCAS for
10/100/1000BASE-T tributary traffic.
page 29 of 36
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
SYNAC
SBUS unit that terminates 8 VC-12 traffic signals provided via the SBUS on
the PBUS.
SYNAD
SBUS unit with 16 interfaces (G.703) for terminated 8 VC-12 traffic signals that
are provided via the SBUS
SYNAM
Same features as the SYNAD but with 8 interfaces.
Sync
Synchronisation
SYNIC
SBUS unit with one electrical STM-1 front interface for SDH aggregate traffic.
Provides SETS.
SYNIF
SBUS unit with one optical STM-1 front interface for SDH aggregate traffic.
Provides SETS.
SYNIO
SBUS unit with two optical STM-1 front interfaces for SDH aggregate traffic.
Provides SETS.
SYNOT
SBUS unit with 1 optical STM-1 front interface for VC-12 and VC-3 tributary
traffic for the SBUS.
No SETS function.
SYNUF
SBUS unit with SFP cage for a SFP module with an optical or electrical STM1front interface for SDH aggregate traffic. Provides SETS and MSP over 2
SYNUF units.
SYNVA
SBUS unit mapping VC-12 tributary traffic from the PBUS to the SBUS.
No SETS function.
SYTEL
SBUS unit with 1 E31 (34 Mbit/s) / E32 (45 Mbit/s) front interface for VC-3
tributary traffic for the SBUS.
No SETS function.
TC
Tandem Connection
Sections of the VC-12 path that are connected in series or tandem.
TC
Transaction Capabilities
TCAP (see below) plus supporting Presentation, Session and Transport protocol layers.
TCD
Technical Customer Documenta- Entity of all the documents created for the UMUX customer documentation.
tion
TCM
Tandem Connection Monitoring
TCM allows you to individually monitor segments of a VC-12 path.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Originally developed by the Department of Defense to support interworking of

dissimilar computers across a network. A protocol which provides end-to-end,
connection-oriented, reliable transport layer (layer 4) functions over IP controlled networks. TCP performs the following functions: flow control between
two systems, acknowledgements of packets received and end-to-end sequencing of packets.
TCR
Tagged Cell Rate
An ABR service parameter, TCR limits the rate at which a source may send
out-of-rate forward RM-cells. TCR is a constant fixed at 10 cells/second.
TCS
Transmission Convergence
Sublayer
This is part of the ATM physical layer that defines how cells will be transmitted
by the actual physical layer.
TD(S)
Time Domain Signals
TDM
Time Division Multiplexer
A method in which a transmission facility is multiplexed among a number of

channels by allocating the facility to the channels on the basis of time slots.
TE
Terminal Equipment
Terminal equipment is e.g. used for the

- ISDN equipment connecting to the S interface of NT1.
- Endpoint of ATM connection(s) and termination of the various protocols
within the connection(s).
TE
Transport Entity
Is a object class representing SNC, Circuits or Trail etc.
TE
Terminal Equipment
TG
Trunking Gateway
page 30 of 36
The TG is a Media Gateway type. The TG is located between PSTN and

packet network. It terminates circuit-switched trunks in the PSTN and virtual
circuits in the packet network.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
TLV
Type / Length / Value
A coding methodology which provides a flexible and extensible means of

coding parameters within a frame. Type indicates parameter type. Length
indicates parameter's value length. Value indicates the actual parameter
value.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 31 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
TM
Terminal Multiplexer
TM
Traffic Management
Traffic Management is the aspect of the traffic control and congestion control
procedures for ATM. ATM layer traffic control refers to the set of actions taken
by the network to avoid congestion conditions. ATM layer congestion control
refers to the set of actions taken by the network to minimize the intensity,
spread and duration of congestion.
The following functions form a framework for managing and controlling traffic
and congestion in ATM networks and may be used in appropriate combinations.
- Connection Admission Control
- Feedback Control
- Usage Parameter Control
- Priority Control
- Traffic Shaping
- Network Resource Management
- Frame Discard
- ABR Flow Control
TM MOA
Trail Manager - Managed Object

Agent
The UNEM software component representing the northbound interface to

Nortel Preside for trail management
TP
Termination Point
To inheritance TTP and CTP
Trail
Trail
An entity that transfers information provided by a client layer network between

access points in a server layer network. The transported information is monitored at the termination points.
Trailer
Trailer
Protocol control information located at the end of a PDU.
Transit Delay
Transit Delay
The time difference between the instant at which the first bit of a PDU crosses
one designated boundary and the instant at which the last bit of the same PDU
crosses a second designated boundary.
Triple Play
POTS, data and video over a single access line, typically of the ADSL2+ type.
TS
Time Slot
64 kbit/s channel in a PCM structure
TS
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is a mechanism that alters the traffic characteristics of a

stream of cells on a connection to achieve better network efficiency, while
meeting the QoS objectives, or to ensure conformance at a subsequent interface. Traffic shaping must maintain cell sequence integrity on a connection.
Shaping modifies traffic characteristics of a cell flow with the consequence of
increasing the mean Cell Transfer Delay.
TS
Time Stamp
Time Stamping is used on OAM cells to compare time of entry of cell to time of
exit of cell to be used to determine the cell transfer delay of the connection.
TTI
Trail Termination Identifier

Trail Trace Identifier
Unique identifier assigned to a trail and carried by the traffic signal.
TTP
Trail Termination Point
The adaptation based on G.805
TTRP
Tunnel-Tunnel Router Protocol
TUG-n
Tributary Unit Group
Ditto.
TU-n
Tributary Unit, level n
TUN<XY>
Family of UBUS transmission units. Member of this family are units such as
TUNOL, TUNOP, TUNOS and TUNEL.
TUNEL
UBUS unit with 2 electrical 8 Mbit/s interfaces according to ITU-T G.703. Built
in 2 Mbit/s DMX for local cross connection or UBUS access.
TUNOF
Special unit with 1 optical 8 Mbit/s IF and 4 electrical 2 Mbit/s IFs according to
ITU-T G.703. Built in 2 Mbit/s DMX for local cross connection. The LECAF has
no bus access and provides front access for all signals.
TUNOL
UBUS unit with 1 optical 8 Mbit/s interface and 4 electrical 2 Mbit/s interfaces
according to ITU-T G.703. Built in 2 Mbit/s DMX for local cross connection or
UBUS access.
TUNOP
UBUS unit with 2 optical 8 Mbit/s interfaces.
page 32 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
TUNOR
Desktop unit with 1 optical 8 Mbit/s IF and 4 E12 IFs. The TUNOR supports
the G.703 and V.11 2 Mbit/s standard and ISDN-PRA functionalities.
Mains or local 48 V battery powering.
TX
Tx
Interface which send the signal (normally equal to output).
UA
Urgent Alarm
UAT
UnAvailable Time
UBR
Unspecified Bit Rate
UBR is an ATM service category which does not specify traffic related service
guarantees. Specifically, UBR does not include the notion of a per-connection
negotiated bandwidth. No numerical commitments are made with respect to
the cell loss ratio experienced by a UBR connection, or as to the cell transfer
delay experienced by cells on the connection.
UBUS
UBUS
Internal 2 Mbit/s PCM-highway for traffic and signalling data implemented with
all the UMUX. Depending on UMUX limitations on use apply.
UCST
UMUX Configuration Software

Tool
PC/computer based EM to manage the NEs of KEYMILE.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
This protocol is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite and provides a means for
applications to access the connectionless features of IP. UDP operates at
layer 4 of the OSI reference model and provides for the exchange of datagrams without acknowledgements or guaranteed delivery.
UDPTL
UDP Transport Layer
Facsimile UDP Transport Layer according to

ITU-T, T.38.
ULCAS
Universal LineCard for AScostream
UMUX modem unit with 5 interfaces for the transmission of up to 128 kbit/s
over copper pairs to the AM-type Analogue Network Terminating Units.
X.21/X.21bis interface options.
UME
UNI Management Entity
The software residing in the ATM devices at each end of the UNI circuit that
implements the management interface to the ATM network.
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UMTS is the new standard to connect all types services via mobiles to the
network controllers.
UMUX
Universal MUltipleXer
Family of application optimised Multi-service Access Systems. The modular

structure of the UMUX equipment supports a large range of traffic interfaces
(voice and data) and transmission interfaces from 64 kbit/s up to STM-1
(SDH). The UMUX provides also an ATM core with IMA, Circuit Emulation and
an STM-1 (ATM) interface. Various units with interfaces for the electrical,
optical and DSL transmission are available.
Unassigned Cells
Unassigned Cells
A cell identified by a standardized virtual path identifier (VPI) and virtual channel identifier (VCI) value, which has been generated and does not carry information from an application using the ATM Layer service.
UNEM
UMUX Network Element Manager
Workstation based EM for large UMUX networks with an enhanced graphical

user interface. The UNEM allows multi-sessions and supports multiple EAs
and redundant databases.
UNI
User Network Interface
An interface point between ATM end users and a private ATM switch, or between a private ATM switch and the public carrier ATM network; defined by
physical and protocol specifications per ATM Forum UNI documents. The
standard adopted by the ATM Forum to define connections between users or
end stations and a local switch.
Unicasting
Unicasting
The transmit operation of a single PDU by a source interface where the PDU
reaches a single destination.
UNIDA
UNIversal Data Access unit
UBUS unit with 4 (or 2) data interfaces (depending on the type of the interface): X.24/V.11, V.36 RS-449, V.36 RS-499, V.35, V.24/V.28.
Unit
UP
Term of a generic element in the structure of UMUX. A unit contains 1 or more

Subunits.
User Port
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Mainly used in relation to V5 applications. Physical or logical user port implemented in the AN to provide the relevant interface functions towards the enduser
page 33 of 36
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
UPC
Usage Parameter Control
Usage Parameter Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network
to monitor and control traffic, in terms of traffic offered and validity of the ATM
connection, at the end-system access. Its main purpose is to protect network
resources from malicious as well as unintentional misbehaviour, which can
affect the QoS of other already established connections, by detecting violations of negotiated parameters and taking appropriate actions.
UT
Unavailable Time
Starts with 10 consecutive SESs (included in UT) and ends with 10 consecutive ESs (not included in UT).
UTOPIA
Universal Test & Operations

Interface for ATM
Refers to an electrical interface between the TC and PMD sublayers of the

PHY layer.
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair
A cable having one or more twisted pairs, but with no shield per pair.
V5
Protocol and interface for the switch-independent deployment of PSTN and

ISDN traffic in the access network with provides the corresponding user ports.
V5.1
V5.1 uses one structured 2 Mbit/s signal for 30 PSTN subscribers or a PRA
access. V5.1 does not allow concentration.
V5.2
V5.2 allows concentration of the PSTN and ISDN subscriber traffic and multiple protection of the traffic on the concentrated section.
V5CAS
V5CAS is a proprietary CAS signalling code which is an extension of MCAS

(Mercury CAS) and carries out of band PSTN signalling.
VAD
Voice Activity Detection
VAD allows a data network carrying voice traffic over a packet network to
detect the absence of audio and conserve bandwidth by preventing the transmission of "silent packets" over the network.
VBR
Variable Bit Rate
An ATM Forum defined service category which supports variable bit rate data
traffic with average and peak traffic parameters.
VC
A communications channel that provides for the sequential unidirectional

transport of ATM cells.
VC-12
UCST TDM cross connections

Virtual Container 12 of STM-1
VC-3

VC-4

VCAT
Virtual Concatenation
Map Ethernet signals (10, 100Mbps, etc.) into several smaller SDH transport
containers (VC-12 or VC-3). Similar to Inverse multiplexing. ITU-T G.707. The
aggregation of smaller signal containers (members) is called a Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG).
VCC
Virtual Channel Connection
A concatenation of VCLs that extends between the points where the ATM
service users access the ATM layer. The points at which the ATM cell payload
is passed to, or received from, the users of the ATM Layer (i.e., a higher layer
or ATM-entity) for processing signify the endpoints of a VCC. VCCs are unidirectional.
VCG
Virtual Concatenation Group
Refer to VCAT.
VCI
Virtual Channel Identifier
A unique numerical tag as defined by a 16 bit field in the ATM cell header that
identifies a virtual channel, over which the cell is to travel.
VCL
Virtual Channel Link
A means of unidirectional transport of ATM cells between the point where a

VCI value is assigned and the point where that value is translated or removed.
VC-n
Virtual Container, level n
Level of the SDH multiplexing structure. Often the hierarchy type (European
=2, American =1) is amended to n.
VCO
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
An oscillator whose clock frequency is determined by the magnitude of the

voltage presented at its input. The frequency changes when the voltage
changes.
VCOX
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Refer to VCO.
VD
Virtual Destination
Refer to VS/VD.
Virtual Channel
Switch
Virtual Channel Switch
A network element that connects VCLs. It terminates VPCs and translates VCI
values. It is directed by Control Plane functions and relays the cells of a VC.
page 34 of 36
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
Glossary
KEYMILE AG
Abbreviations
Meaning
Explanations
Virtual Path Switch
Virtual Path Switch
A network element that connects VPLs. It translates VPI (not VCI) values and
is directed by Control Plane functions. It relays the cell of the VP.
VLAN
Virtual LAN
Group of devices that are configured so that they can communicate as if they
were connected to the same wire, when in fact they are located at different
LAN segments.
VoXXX
Voice over XXX
This abbreviation is used in combination with transmission various technologies such as ATM (VoATM), IP (VoIP), DSL (VoDSL) etc.
VP
Virtual Path
A unidirectional logical association or bundle of VCs.
VPC
Virtual Path Connection
A concatenation of VPLs between Virtual Path Terminators (VPTs). VPCs are

unidirectional.
VPI
Virtual Path Identifier
An eight bit field in the ATM cell header which indicates the virtual path over
which the cell should be routed.
VPL
Virtual Path Link
A means of unidirectional transport of ATM cells between the point where a

VPI value is assigned and the point where that value is translated or removed.
VPT
Virtual Path Terminator
A system that unbundles the VCs of a VP for independent processing of each

VC.
VTOA
Voice and Telephony Over ATM
The ATM Forum voice and telephony over ATM service interoperability specifications address three applications for carrying voice over ATM networks;
desktop (or LAN services), trunking (or WAN services), and mobile services.
WAN
Wide Area Network
This is a network which spans a large geographic area relative to office and
campus environment of LAN (Local Area Network). WAN is characterized by
having much greater transfer delays due to laws of physics.
PC operating systems.
Windows 95/98/2000 and Windows ME/NT/XP are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation USA and world-wide.
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 2k
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows XP
WINS
Windows Internet Name Services
WS
Work Station
UNIX based desktop computer.
CLAN
Micro Computer LAN
Internal communication structure for UMUX unit microprocessors
1000Base-SX/LX
Standard for optical Ethernet interfaces withj a maximum transmission rate of

1000 Mbit/s.
100Base-FX
Standard for optical Ethernet interfaces with a maximum transmission rate of

100 Mbit/s.
1000Base-T
Standard for electrical Ethernet interfaces a maximum transmission rate of

1000 Mbit/s.
100Base-TX
Standard for electrical Ethernet interfaces with a maximum transmission rate

of 100 Mbit/s.
10Base-T
Standard for electrical Ethernet interfaces with a maximum transmission rate

of 10 Mbit/s.
155 Mbit/s
155520 kbit/s
16-CAP
Carrierless Amplitude/Phase
Modulation with 16 constellation
points
The modulation technique used in the 51.84 Mb Mid-Range Physical Layer

Specification for Category 3 Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP-3).
2 Mbit/s
2048 kbit/s
2 MHz
2048 kHz
2B1Q
2 Binary, 1 Quaternary
Line code for the ISDN U-interface.
4B3T
4 Binary, 3 Tertiary
Alternate line code for the ISDN U-interface. This code is manly used in Germany.
EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC
page 35 of 36
Glossary
Abbreviations
Meaning
64-CAP
Carrierless Amplitude/Phase
Modulation with 64 constellation
points.
8 Mbit/s
8448 kbit/s
page 36 of 36
KEYMILE AG
Explanations
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EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC

Glossary UMUX Multiservice Access Platform

Copyright and Confidentiality:

Copyright in this document vests in KEYMILE AG (KEYMILE). This

KEYMILE has taken reasonable care in compiling this document,

EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC

April 2008 by KEYMILE AG

EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC

Technical Customer Documentation, Glossary

ATM Adaptation Layer

ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1

AAL functions in support of constant bit rate, time-dependent traffic such as

ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2

ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3/4

ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5

AAL functions in support of variable bit rate, delay-tolerant connection-oriented

Area Border Router

Available Bit Rate

State of the working contact if the relay is actively driven.

An ABR service parameter, ACR is the current rate in cells/sec at which a

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code

Asymmetrical bit-rate DSL

The speed of the up- and down-stream transmission can be different.

EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC

Technical Customer Documentation, Glossary

Authority and Format Identifier

Automatic Gain Control

Signal level is automatically adapted to compensate attenuation of the line

Alarm Indication Signal

Automatic Laser Shutdown

Mechanism to switch of the Laser in TX direction for security reason.

Any system (distributed or monolithic) between the LE and the user

American National Standards

A U.S. standards body.

State of the working relay contact if the relay is actively driven.

Application Download SoftWare

Application Program Interface

API is a programmatic interface used for interprogram communications or for

Automatic Protection Switching

Automatic Ring Down

Address Resolution Protocol

Autonomous System Boundary

Acceleration Spectral Density

Abstract Service Primitive

Application Server Process

An application server is a logical entity serving a specific application instance

Asynchronous Time Asynchronous Time Division

A multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized in a

Technical Customer Documentation, Glossary

EN/5/LZTBU 221 115/5 RC

ATM Traffic Descriptor

ATM Traffic Descriptor

ATM User-User Connection

Asynchronous Transfer Unit

Administrative Unit Group, level

Level of the SDH multiplexing structure.

Administrative Unit, level n

Level of the SDH multiplexing structure.

American Wire Gauge

Wire diameter unit used in USA

2B + D ISDN channel (2 x 64kbit/s + 16 kbit/s). Same meaning as ISDN-BRA.