CHAPTER 1

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Introduction
Direct cost
- Loss of time, damage to work equipment & premises, loss of productivity, cost
of replacement goods and service
Indirect cost
- Cost of replacement for injured workers, costs arising from loss of commitment
and motivation of workers
HEALTH - "A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity, and the ability to lead a socially and
economically productive life.
SAFE - "Condition of being protected against emotional, educational, financial,
occupational, physical, political, psychological, social, spiritual or other types or
consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event
which could be considered NON-DESIRABLE.
Laws: OSHA 1994 & FMA 1967
Structure of legistration:
- The Act (Duties of care, Committees, SHO, DOSH Officers, Improvement and
Prohibition Notices)
- Regulation (Detailing specific requirements)
- Code of Practice (Guidance in complying with the Act, Evidence that legal
requirements contravened)
OSHA 1994
- Gazetted on 25th Feb 1994 by Parliament
- Secure safety, health and welfare of persons at work, protect others against
risks to SoH related to activities of work, to establish the National Council for
OSH.
- Scope: Person at work in all economic activities except on board ships or Armed
Forces
- 15 Parts & 67 Sections
Objectives:
1. To SECURE safety, health and welfare of persons at work.
2. To PROTECT person at a place of work against hazard.
3. To PROMOTE the occupational environment adaptable to the person's
physiological and psychological needs.
4. To PROVIDE the means towards a legislative system based on regulations
and industry codes of practice in combination with the provisions of the
Act.

Philosophy & Principles:

- Responsible on who create the risk and who work with the risk.
General Duties of Employers & Self-employed persons:
- provide and maintain plant and system of work
- make arrangement for the safe use, operation, handling, storage and
transportation of substance and plant
- provide information, instruction, training and supervision
- provide and maintain place of work and means of access to and egress from
any place of work
- provide and maintain working environment that is safe and without health risk
Other Duties of Employers and Self-employed:
- Formulate written statement on OSH
- Conduct undertaking which will not affect other persons besides his employees
- Provide information to other person if his undertaking affect them
General duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers:
- to ensure plant is designed and constructed to be safe.
- arrange for carrying out testing and examination
- adequate information
- arrange for research to minimise or eliminate hazards
- safe erection and installation
General duties of employees:
- Reasonable care for S&H of himself
- Cooperate with employer
- Wear and use PPE
- Comply with instruction on OSH
Interfere, charge and discriminate:
- not to interfere or misuse anything provided for the interest of safety and
health
- employer not to levy charge on employees
- employer/trade union not to discriminate
Safety & Health Organisation:
- Medical surveillance, S&H Officer, S&H Committee
*40 EMPLOYEES, S&H Committee must be established with Chairperson, ViceChair, Secretary and members.
Purpose of H&S Committee:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Increase & manintain the interest of employees

Convince admin and employees through awareness and training activities
Integrate H&S activities into organisation's SOP, culture & programmes.
Provide opportunity for free discussion
Inform and educate everyone
Help reduce workplace risk
Help insure compliance with federal and state H&S Standard

Accident report:
- Employer to report to nearest OSH officers.
- Medical officers to report on scheduled diseases in FMA
Enforcement & Investigation:
- Director General of OSH, OSH officers & Cert of authorisation
- Power of DOSH officer: Enter & inspect any place, enter with equipment and
authorised persons, take photos, measurement and samples, require medical
examinatons if risk of prescribed disease, question any person
- All persons must assist the officer
- Contravention can lead to prosecution or issue of notices
FMA 1967
- Enacted on 1967 and revised in 1974
- Divided into 6 parts, 59 sections and 3 schedules

CHAPTER 2
RISK MANAGEMENT & ASSESSMENT
Risk - a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period