Homework 5 - 6.1, 6.2, 6.

3
Shawn Paul Smith
Math 307 - Diff. Eq.
February 26, 2011

Chapter 6.1
Question 7
L(cosh(bt))
 bt

e + ebt
L
2


1
L(ebt ) + L(ebt )
2
Z

Z
1
st bt
st bt
e e dt +
e e
dt
2
0
0
Z

Z
1
t(bs)
t(bs)
e
dt +
e
dt
2
0
0
 t(bs)   t(bs)  !
1
e
e
+
2
bs 0
b s 0


 t(bs) 
 t(bs) 
1
1
1
e
e
lim

+ lim

2 t b s
b s t b s
b s
The left side only converges for b s < 0 and the right side only if b s < 0. These are only both true if
s > |b| Both limits then converge to 0.


1
1
1

2
b s b s


1
1
1
+
2 sb s+b


1
s+b
sb
+
2 s2 b2
s2 b2


2s
1
2 s2 b2
s
, s > |b|
s2 b2

Question 15
L(teat )

est teat dt

tet(as) dt

Integration by parts, dv = et(as) dt, v = et(as) /(a s), u = t, du = dt



tet(as)
as


0

as

et(as) dt

tet(as)
1
lim
0
t a s
as

et(as) dt

The left hand limit only converges (to 0) if s > a.

 t(as) 
e
1
sa as 0
1
sa

1
et(as)

t a s
as

lim

Also converges to 0 if s > a.

1
(s a)(a s)

1
, s>a
(s a)2

Question 21
Does this converge?

(t2 + 1)1 dt

[arctan(t)]0

lim arctan(t) 0

2
Yes, this does converge.

Question 24
Does this converge?
Z

et cos(t) dt

A table of integrals shows that

Z

eax cos(bx) dx =

eax (a cos(bx) + b sin(bx))

a2 + b2

So in this case, a = 1 and b = 1, so


1  t
e (sin t cos t) 0
2

1
lim (et (sin t cos t)) + 1
2 t
Even though (sin t cos t) never converges, et does converge to 0, so the whole limit does.
Z
1
et cos(t) dt =
2
0

Chapter 6.2
Question 1
Find the inverse Laplace transform

3
L
s2 + 4


3 1
2
L
2
s2 + 22
1

3
sin(2t)
2

Question 3
Find the inverse Laplace transform of
2
+ 3s 4
2
(s + 4)(s 1)
s2

We can use partial fractions to split this into two terms

A
B
+
s+4 s1
A(s 1) + B(s + 4)
(s + 4)(s 1)
2 = A(s 1) + B(s + 4)
So when s = 1, then B = 2/5, and when s = 4, A = 2/5




2 1
1
2 1
1
L
L
5
s1
5
s+4
2 t 2 4t
e e
5
5

Question 5
Find the inverse Laplace transform of
2s + 2
s2 + 2s + 5
Completing the square
s2

2s + 2
+ 2s + 1 1 + 5

2(s + 1)
(s + 1)2 + 4


s+1
1
2L
(s + 1)2 + 4
2et cos(2t)

Question 11
Solve the I.V.P. y 00 y 0 6y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1. Taking the Laplace transform, where Y (s) = L(y).
s2 Y (s) sy(0) y 0 (0) (sY (s) y(0)) 6Y (s) = 0
s2 Y (s) sy(0) y 0 (0) sY (s) + y(0) 6Y (s) = 0
(s2 s 6)Y (s) + (1 s)y(0) y 0 (0) = 0
Plugging in our initial values.
(s2 s 6)Y (s) + (1 s) + 1 = 0
s2
s2 s 6
s2
Y (s) =
(s 3)(s + 2)
Y (s) =

We need to do partial fractions...

s 2 = A(s + 2) + B(s 3)
So A = 1/5, B = 4/5.
1 1
4 1
+
5s3 5s+2




1
1
1 1
4 1
y(t) = L
+ L
5
s3
5
s+2
Y (s) =

y(t) =

1 3t
(e + 4e2t )
5

Question 14
Solve the I.V.P. y 00 4y 0 + 4y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 1. Taking the Laplace transform,
s2 Y (s) sy(0) y 0 (0) 4(sY (s) y(0)) + 4Y (s) = 0
(s2 4s + 4)Y (s) + (4 s)y(0) y 0 (0) = 0
Plugging in initial values.
(s2 4s + 4)Y (s) + (4 s) 1 = 0
s3
s2 4s + 4
s3
Y (s) =
(s 2)2

Y (s) =

Finding partial fractions

s 3 = A + B(s 2)
Therefore A = 1, B = 1, giving us
Y (s) =

1
1

s 2 (s 2)2

Conveniently, 1 = 1!
y(t) = L1

1
s2

L1

1!
(s 2)2

y(t) = e2t te2t

Question 15
Solve the I.V.P. y 00 2y 0 + 4y = 0, y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = 0. Taking the Laplace transform,
s2 Y (s) sy(0) y 0 (0) 2(sY (s) y(0)) + 4Y (s) = 0
(s2 2s + 4)Y (s) + (2 s)y(0) y 0 (0) = 0
Plugging in initial values.
(s2 2s + 4)Y (s) + 4 2s 0 = 0
Y (s) =
Completing the square.
Y (s) =

s2

2s 4
2s + 4

2s 4
(s2 2s + 1) 1 + 4

Y (s) =

2s 4
(s 1)2 + 3

We need to get s 1 in the numerator!

Y (s) =

2s 2 + 2 4
(s 1)2 + 3

Y (s) =
Y (s) =

2(s 1) 2
(s 1)2 + 3

2(s 1)
2

(s 1)2 + 3 (s 1)2 + 3

We also need to get

3 in the numerator on the righthand side.

y(t) = 2L1

s1
(s 1)2 + 3

y(t) = 2et cos

2
L1
3

3
(s 1)2 + 3

 
 
2
3t et sin
3t
3

Question 22
Solve the I.V.P. y 00 2y 0 + 2y = et , y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1. Taking the Laplace transform.
s2 Y (s) sy(0) y 0 (0) 2(sY (s) y(0)) + 2Y (s) =
(s2 2s + 2)Y (s) + (2 s)y(0) y 0 (0) =

1
s+1

1
s+1

Plugging in initial values.

(s2 2s + 2)Y (s) 1 =
Y (s) =

1
s+1

1
1
+
(s + 1)(s2 2s + 2) s2 2s + 2

Completing the square.

Y (s) =

1
1
+
(s + 1)((s 1)2 + 1) (s 1)2 + 1

Finding partial fractions

1 = A((s 1)2 + 1) + (Bs + C)(s + 1)
By setting s = 1, s = 0, and s = 1 we find A = 1/5, C = 3/5, B = 1/5
Y (s) =

1 1
1
3s
1
+
+
2
5 s + 1 5 (s 1) + 1 (s 1)2 + 1

We need to get (s 1) into the numerator of the second term.

Y (s) =

1 1
1s1+13
1

+
5 s + 1 5 (s 1)2 + 1
(s 1)2 + 1

1 1
1
s1
7
1

+
2
5 s + 1 5 (s 1) + 1 5 (s 1)2 + 1






1 1
1
1 1
s1
7 1
1
y(t) = L
L
+ L
5
s+1
5
(s 1)2 + 1
5
(s 1)2 + 1


1 t
y(t) =
e et cos(t) + 7et sin(t)
5
Y (s) =

Chapter 6.3
Question 6
Graph
g(t) = (t 1)u1 (t) 2(t 2)u2 (t) + (t 3)u3 (t)
This is the same as

, t<1

t 1 , 1 t < 2
g(t) =
3 t , 2 t < 3

0
, 3t

Question 12(a)
Graph the function:

t
, 0t<2

2
, 2t<5
f (t) =

t
, 5t<7

0
, t7

Question 12(b)
Express the function in terms of the unit step function.
f (t) = t + (2 t)u2 (t) + (5 t)u5 (t) + (t 5)u7 (t)

Question 18
Find the Laplace transform
L(t u1 (t)(t 1))
L(t) L(u1 (t)(t 1))
1
es L(t)
s2
1 es
s2

Question 22
Find the inverse Laplace transform
L

2e2s
s2 4


L1 e2s

2
s2 4

Here the function sinh(2t) is being translated by 2.

u2 (t) sinh(2(t 2))