Tif me png hn retin ct eno rook cepanr of the goers parton frelon sd pla Scie S'S pe Sr urns cae hee ein ni a itn ic hy Se ping can encuentra ae eran flr tok ne generat tas mc att ot sate he monary beng sed brcding sound fr poe diene ad, of oar tresstance fae ad cue Prodi rep te, defor om sad a : in uocerin a preiros snes ne pose wo pret hw famous wl pond to are vgn of the Tet Gren, parkas wo et ose of Chin The Chics presents ste pe n/n meno gon om ie polis ace sew platen enya gt ot rely ‘eso the idanestal confi of maya rep betes poise ap ‘oes ther ego iyi, sanganaraquat any ne mmorcren oY ovat cae orm tts CODE, THREE Re-membering the Dismembered Body of Tibet Contemporary Tibton Visionary Movements inthe People’s Republic of China Dis Grane [RODIES, BURIAL, AND RENEWAL “We nw ow that religious Tibet experienced devsaing materi oe ding the ped of Chinese conta or 1939 award proces hat gradually ntes- ‘odant the eamincng ong af vene that constr the Cala Ree Son (6676, In aon othe many bodes of Tibetans arc othe eo- Hn chao agenda, the boy of ‘Tibet hel was sgped of tx web of pay, senples, and ctr archtecral marker and even the memoria of her ESE caves proves and mouse were at tines eaated hong te human fous! Wooden and teale bodies of Bada, bhi, ad lamas sate ‘wikia hve edences were extojed shipped in amazing quanto he etisadcu sf Hong Kong and euewbes often 9 reappear n mses and ‘te clean a Bop ad Aeris io deniated form as art dealers ep ‘ean nevior of the sacred conten that ie then i Fall he immense CRASS Fagou tox comsinging th teeing bodies not only ofthe Bad! telbs a he ind Tolan ad bean eaters wo followed in his oop (pueda, Tu he bovis of eelgos Tibet were tried and eared Ie tdpe tnt fo a tre decde pet which rested inthe itr] don Seundonaf amen ization. The erie was nto Bowers for notony ‘Sor cena erent Tibet eligosty preserved in memories a eo- UISts bod within te individ bode of Tibetan sn even pally i> eee where betas conned wo race Buddies throughout the ‘fear Tans alo conceal inthe earth of Tet an uxown quo ‘ethane ous satiny and plting amocated ital es and rot impor tant the erry corpus of Buin. Wh the end of dhe Calta Reon Vgytanddhe godin emsingof reeds egos xeon tebe cera ion clsre hve slowly been recente and brought tothe BgJ DAVID GERMAN 6f day. Teens be pla npr the epi of em Pebuiing udp pring bash xed in Tess then ofthe ‘utara Resin, aswel inthe eat expe grow nh ri Jnernto a sng th a ue here es phenrenon tha wold ie canine parca Now Tibetan ed Ti eben “ety ing tba mate dase! bode nd recone some te lee cng pret et et an sient Tit cet burying rious rif in sheen nthe ie of pension sna cern hte oe es ail aap of red eps eget hoe The pet Tan er Fie (event nth cent bh rested Bana ain slg, ena octet inthe mith ceury when the taper Lng (8540) nue enerton of thaws Boschi, edna a to ‘unin ahs sano y+ Boshi ole Daring he eng kp fd fel and materi deny pene hat egos acs ela sss ars wee pupa conned ce vale he che, ethers wee prema ar gon inches eared among ener ‘eon of op Th lowing essai sd atl rena inn ithe te tu entay pred» wiped intere necting ee im tempi part ou ofthe Teter pray among te Sona wo rel conte eae toner op ‘evi impor Int neg" Anon tse eas he sea need inci comin of Tan But ety prac tht pede idea spars ido he ee ocean i Ses nthe cnouncof the elearning dies though paren seats The yi ne spr kaw Teor wear were dt ‘edto ven coreplay a mya rng thera pod ia Tet? bd and bay of Tie tel thesk of fn enc Sons Within the Nyaa uote ey Egret Tec came noe ary reamie maven i eastern Tibethy mean ofthe wey of max prt rent proponent, Khenp phim, who repre on of the ost aman is tibia endurance and sual Ugh the Cura Remaion, and cia pre is cantemporary marivasons wil the weasue adn’ inital parane- (tevin eet to cencey Tie Tn doing, highlight ways wich Contemporary Tibetans ha bee able wo maniplte er Bade ps in ‘Sonia wih oder oo be capable of generating innovation nd renee 1H CENTRIPETAL NATURE OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN GOLOK ter 8 perenne prt rego we len SrctE Repco Chm ene reo an ice cll The tage tenes he omemparary pes eStats utenons Regn Sr nd rein sang er De ac bee Bua psn ere cence sepsis my fhe te yet nd cat cat ages ap omc nee: (Ses icons matey anes eee eerie eo st pan pe ww rhe es i wl sac the De No eden Kacy ie jon snd eset pa “niente conn Cine ar pati eee eater en elnpeenint ee oe a ace oem eg hind ote sae lynne ecient Ten cmb Fee eng th moni eee inn lng ti aaa Aca cig chen et Re ne rae Sai an oer gms fear i a somes wo be in i oe ser en cnt ern oot ec of Se eo ute tsa in ae el expe 0 a anomie rain alewins Dee Se sen amt tap nani, pn a8 Oe “tnt nef teas yee a ied ey heaton ly Sy eam nal peony of cen CA ee rao tf tery Tet See cl estncorcasel asa opto hg2 DAVID GxaaNo vast anécape with immense geographic barley, were dus rilorced to he pola of dinterason bythe Calera Revotion. This dcetering of rigs Sdenty fen rel ac present, in emotional ene beiag diverted outwardly in two dicesons i parelay not rendered alngethe to Chinese ‘utes the novalgal remembered pastor the ect enn of relge com ‘ies in South A “Aint ths aco, bloreproceing dep into he penomenen of Te, ‘ve wl begin oking yas parca ene felis evil of Nyingu {eadhins in eotmporry Tibet My comments ar ised on scar ing extesed suai gg0~ga ia Khar and Cental Tet, ow posal clas Sod a Sichuan and he Tibetan Antonomows Region respocty a wel om contemporary bgographiss For nat of thi ine Iwas earn etl a ontemplave ude ofthe Great Palen (ogra) avr of rele Fou communis belonging th Nyingra sit of Tien Bais, My own ‘experince sugges that Tibetan religous commune in Sichuan af santa les coerenely contri by Chinese pola autores than ze thei conte pars in the Tibetan Autnamous Regio, parson he monary ad ei witha Sve tose hours by od rom he mtn rt eters of Ls ad Shige In fac the Nyingmtaon in parla hs undergone ator ie ‘ctrl eel ina vary sort tie topo an extensive ne-mork a age ‘ad small onasic communis doughouteauera Tibet. In pt ile by te (evealiniage of rationals sentiment and rego tition with the cone rarplis rece geuzrate in some are, the Nyinga’ row sors ‘olin ter taconal eas on maaan erate ch he Go Ling pie and dynanie period mythlogy snd he slave prevalence of chaste teachers whose appeal excels hr monaic boundries. "The mat intesing ofthe new commun aeselgos intl and runner in Goo Seta headed by KhenpoJkphun, who i atthe har othe resugeut ings radon in eaten Tibet [fine heard of Khenpo Jpn a the summer of 989 when I war sting ia South Ia tthe onary of ear Rinpoche the etre: tar head ofthe Nyingma sect Kenpo Namal, om resident ies academic calege a ras) wer Keno kph’ en, ha Ing een eaveed wo Khar to sy with hin. Two things immediatly sod out fem Khenpo Namérafs dsipdan af bi ache: he wa nl learned inthe Great Peteionwadtion of tani Badin od he was «pli Teton The later asertion partly ak me, since the Ter movetnet not for she moa part ben scent taseplated in ree Tie, not suprising sen ‘he vas angen he earl and geographic lneeapeon which Ter was So een. In ation, Ter was widely roredastong fag commutes tobe rca Hite in cope wihn Te ial comparvon to eae’ pre ‘ago sats asa vena proce of renewal ta reed se eal of ‘ew tes nerwoven wha bint caleron of neil es ad etre rk orinterepentent suport of tame ae, “The ftowing year I bry met Khenpo kph fo the fst mein Las, where war esti with Khenpo Namara on is way to nda or is et wip Use of the Peoples Replica Chins. Sabnequenay during that yes, Tian ‘Tuber of vague aecouts of Khepo Jiu while staying in Kham which eneraly elected ami of repet, ae, and jelous Hwee, cas 00 unt Se ftowng yearn Daruedo (Ranga) tht In ale alk with Khenpo and hire greater length during a weeklong sere of teachings he ene de ‘henpo Nests ital deserpdons of hm were bone out in obvervations of Sin carina among Chine and Terns aa well a the mirselous nature of tary of the sr tld about hm, which een by Tisetan standards seemed (0 Fhe one's ingnatin, In parla, hey ener around is sta a8 Te tena revs of tenures or nev sepres ram Tibe® ancient past Talo be tame clea that Kenpo’ community was oraoriary term ofthe propa Alon of Gre Peecoon tants don wick wtiacely brought me thee fa nection with ny on esa Us range! fora two-month ay that un ‘er (90 in Glok Sera Khenpo' tint ‘Wit oud hz pone to ben nny ways tacinglyafre om what hd encounted in thes part of Thee. Here he sured landcape of The was Tg revived inthe radical wy that only Ter ea snd elgous energy hs apr peated ectpeal in asked contrat the alisuted state in which instatona ‘Bea chien favs ol n many parte of Tet. Khenpe Jshun has rested a Aigndeancountermowenent rewablabing de center of gravity within Tibet nel thereby sermning the ow of authority ad value toward Chinese oder tiny on he on hand, aid efigee Tibetaa communis, om the oer Not oly ashe creme an cadens evonment that in some ways surpass what Iaale i refugee monasteries ut he as lio managed to projet an intl ‘Namie sd harismate pretence capable of eorpeing wi ny ofthe great Ning lana now living or ree decented in exe" He bas conte "Thet rgmcned cultral cnegy around hn reinvented iin the Tibet pys- {Ea and Egil lndicape, diel rene the contemporary stain with "Thats pa sed thin ar way resoaatinted Tibean ey win here ‘Tiles of iin the eontemporry People's Repel of Chin, thus eigrating “Tibetan pre elF-onfideee and gens of pipe. He has done sin a uriquely ‘Tien and n pasar Nyngs,fsion Theses be has employed ave revnved around the iden of preset gues wi ing of encarnatons ‘ching buck tthe eightivcetury Tibetan empire the reconfiguration andr Shimon of the body of Tibetan seed geogepy Dough italy, eam ‘Bimeulous een and actual psn! #icoers Inked to that web of einca atoning te tlecta! and rater ubsuctre of ican itelec- al cle within that asap by Ouading temples wtp, monasteries nd {ext centry and, above alle, hi atm ofthe mande ofthe Teton the ‘Sear ner who able eva 2 vicevlink to Tiers grows ast un {oibngderte prota of that kin he present In dese way, Khenpo haxPee eee eee eee eee eee sf avID GERMAN lp to reverse the mtg Now of Tibet ent into contemporary Chie ee rb cule, eige centr in Sout Aaa, depression, nostagi, o een he favo len darn ofthe Wet, and insted fev a prfounly bean ens of identy win aizuely Tibetan andsape [MEYOND THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION Bene ducing the Ter movement and how i a funetone to create a cen Uiptal lg fren contemporary extern Tie, woul ike rey wo igh light some ofthe deals af Khenp' fle. Aa eat by hme, his ngage, and vrs eared ral account ise ha al of he ecto elements 0 standard in vation Titman bagiographiey parca fora ecesented Te {on He was bora nig tannin parent aid hat he ws bor whoo sate eae wih his et fst and eal une, with the placenta te dep ‘sound his ef sealer Eke a moma abe, He then sat up by how Pes, ‘pene his jes ani Matus personal mane, Ome pot ad wok or eight dines. ‘The exaacrnary events nee dead by is bngraphes ors the yewines accom ofthe mile Donate ond usin named Bene, both of whom were al vga Ando ng. Kenpo later recllated exerci ‘intense ight on emeing from the womb, which he Ugh was pertap the light of «bre ap, and ling aero ace of orspasion He wea give he ame Kelang Nange, ich wants "Vieorous Goad Rotine" ‘ring his teens be wat recognized a the eincrnation of the famed Teton emb Ligpe (196-920, wn was an important Nyngan teacher ofthe th ‘cen Da Lama. Khenp was quite wel iow in hey Jers bth fr py. le powers and imelecual achweent bt tis rime beens rapped wos the chao ed ofthe Chinese ception ula inthe Call Revol on es hee that the modern legen of hile began outline Be was ther mprsoned nor torre uring this mio prod but ely ot ‘ied lg acives unabated. Doing the ex phates of the Ctra Rev. ‘tion Khespo ws tone print summoned to an eganined “kale eon” ‘where egos gues nd eer“ enemie" ere routinely piyaly tnd ‘verily bused, fle leaving permanent pysal danage The igh bere he exion he performed firing ul with mans payer sete othe gest wa rainy Ger of Ling he hero ofthe Tibetan atonal ei that hs bees pr ally pra in ester Tbe. Over the eau of the nigh, Ma fas nes Decelyavelled yp and became hideously dor, scoring to his ace ‘secountof events. nth morning when peoples hit digas, they were onvinced Khenpo had contacted a dangerous nftous dence and the ae ished him form the own. Ac other key janes wen he was thealened by torts, be ud ie wale to repent he et through the lena Gear of “Ling an ths remained in ited spa troughou the long poise and socal ‘umd. Other seco speak fa mculus Seppearane ol kismet -MENDERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET 2) sec snore hn car pric wee set lant abrupt ecg of rk Tenet uy ese en hn res costo parte SS nore Mon of ering sper wos tot rng ‘erwan hep ine oui wih hr ahd her dager le becom ‘eee ge empowerment ech et ade prcics oa ied Seat dee tale in be caomip ‘Khenpophur’ pat ie meee al play crcl : won er hr ee remen n nin ona fase onl ad wi King Ge usr eechery ad roa King Gea fed or it Dra Ce top io be taro of Tits pon Dodi Fe lcs Bune aw el of ele poe 2d mol bat been wren sd lng Gor nthe sng coe need tic apr ngs gn King ra ict Tie ‘anc an inprncsnormabe egir on Tm hve coed tu eee orig i Suh tio on King Ocar wr sau hina of egy hat feo tenner roan ath iat Wir teeny ok en of mol Artal jeer and Sect rng the Cultural Revolution, Khenpo Jikphun has thus selied : ‘Fecmrlatenppteaon tos ware dy for ster, babii penn eo go nee a pe he. Bing Catal Ren a ber of aso ng i arene teh yo eth ia enh a, te ig htc wih pa Matsuo Bsn fo ‘Hocus tl mpd y Mpa Riyadh rtd iar ing em the man) ee dah yo a dwn nw earn Se mepte wad gt Ia Kenpo. oon word in tyesmsranasragonne rear sisal agree ‘Sipresceen ors esi pb ook ownins heseene istorii of an er man, On eo 12 ing or yer eg ta re be Se rion ntl fit well up from ea earner ptSS seca aee aCe CCS EES REECE EERE EEC EEE EEE sea we hl te Oe Ls th Wo King Cow toi Seliay de tet agra te eines np scene le kh surelows wh tr ws dre wth a el ween oF feo of av sad ass Whe wet nde tng Ot ny ont ca abs ws pa th ely ‘tered By go gt adage ped ep Sere led po hy wend el ora arch Hews sb he ‘od repect rim wh aceon gr nd ‘cece bn," get nla yng tr ‘ener qui of or Bo pec ad Mid ino ym er ig as ga io Bo cing td ng bg ny trong shut The Gene ors emit inthe wth iii had ‘sie noarentne upton eG Pabst od he wd ot ‘al ong he Eat Sp of Pwnage ‘rm oye pny plo eer nd ta fot im A bie a cy rn se mi igen geo py van cee iy a ee Exton deter ona ceca bat Ray Coan chine aa Sty af ering mbes pont nd at cg We wee ena ‘Eis see pn aero On ny her Darn mi wes ou amc a gy, fake epee me {sie on yds moet "A eee gio eed yi the ah hone moth of 19 ants ee es ane) He ‘SS dng nant igh or nore Ring Go ni ‘SEscer Dam src Youny One mgs sng Toe sng haere Vis sch her geerily ound wi a He nema ences heat tral rere Tet ps eet pe ech a thd np, aid le domly concaed wih Tit wed icp an i tony ban cna to Khewpo igh spans gent il ac te deeply ound nhl bran atic of Tibetan tn el hy he ‘een th bas of any of is aeons soul beste tnt not oly was Ca cently xpd the itctcentary conn neces Ab teetenicpren ray opt econ tly Titan ene fcr or "penton" Assu neen Ilaria ee alle the Hee of Lig eee ors sound a Tibetan ching te Oca sate fled ni tio center ing ound ponenn, hing and propiey bt was qu uppresed oy Ch ‘ese mtn spol pcan” ArT ae com Klee’ Sha veaion ef neh ncmaric” kos awed a to repay ee REMEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET 6: eset ‘Tibetan nation desty and sabi communi whe simultaneously a raeatal renewal without Cs probe. ‘cs the erlean following te Calta! Revelation nally penetrated 0 thet mete eas ofthe Pepe's Repute of China in m8 at the age of ft ten Kenpo immeditcly et ebout easing a Budhist monastic center and ‘Shnry ised ovis sans and prophecies Propheis play an important ‘le a guna wide eran Bed bot parca withthe Tere, 5a Wich they ate undestoed aot ut speedos ofthe future but t “words of Crh of an enlightened gure tha ave the nine power of ringing evens So being! A ey ropbery wie to authxie the schoo founding as draws orn the fropheles of Dod Kustang Zhen 745-2 the fit of Ee thn ine of Nyingoa curate nas asd in Golo ise a he Ley he Sec ig "Ther wl se ton fe vi Padma ene” the tre nda cing raat ote Firncafecon of adits of fe ol nour ‘ssw pet iy be aces th iH sing! wel, "Ths ving em rcs the psn eie ‘he cng each pe of gat bl heap Fgh fil name an Phonak ad accreted the sco ea ering ohn by na 9 tha es de tough oe wee BaeSTgecrrrenct oh exten hae of heh ln ‘Signed scies The fc ing howe he erred a y alae w see Tecpel shuld bin eligi (Sct Lang ly ray le fm or pial mar) ep ok ae ye ole i nd lod ith len Sone. la of ol etree Nake ad Damen, oo sare htm nett feat and wet rapeey Tinea pot ano ae Peart ence or thes eg patina te pat bo ha TSP usb bop a som enlighten the Grex een ERLE a me nce bende by racine win broke ek anc Seared, in imporans osama born prophesied ys ede AE Stripes ation encuner wih fies inaeenoenty we SEES hepa tamed Trthng Djom Dae Ae aso font enh he ar ar soa he ad ote Yen ae Pe es Spe ohim genes al sow wappedina whe eemo- aera ia rtd wer arto sa story em and wi Reale sik nip he url elighenet acivies wl be acinlind "Ta escheat phned the opel yea sme me nd ry STI rand" erin ee Ten ts bala pre Mrmage kes, oul no comma oration ever doped here.6 DAVID GERMANO Tn fliinent of tha prophecy, henpo iphun went othe delat Larang valle lane off the main oud about en rine de rom Gok Sri nd ound is present academy tere o the tenth day of he weve a month ‘nig (te ronaenky en) for he expres arpa of reviving Budi cha Stdipand media, Itwns ed Hermiage of Fes wih the Great ‘re Light Body aS han ‘tarp de rd) atid Khe hd is own ettonal resience contacted on the lotion of ‘Thiskthng Daj Dex former hermitage to neighboring ree people came wrx othe canter Simply ss Larung gas wie fa mre cane seas ton refered to a Keno gut [erally Khenpo' nary or ding “encaropma,” deter “or” (ge) fer Figo elgour caer tat ioe explety morartcnconttuton, Beer th, Kenpo tied eewberela Gook es Ue sto was oly devoid of ary man ‘constructions, orth cle that mater fo dhiractonally nomad eon shoe the te in, ich da ir barcen in he winter and ile with lowering {gases inthe spring and sumer However, i 968 fan earth-monkey yet ‘exo Jlphun ina tamed the ora f ay (Gubyagartempowe ‘eat alto ey dpe in hissane po, ater ick he sto Khe Gale Gorin a scemingly joing manner "In the moni yea wel eur now vl found age mona neadeny ia the pot At that cme ths are, rom the Shadowy arco the valley Yo sun southern part wil esas wih stu ral ara, nd mean. WH ou go afr std and analy ot ‘mediation Ti ule may large monatre or nannies Now ui a al tural Tibes, Khenpo'reiou center no the evied lr ol previous es lishmen: located atts origina ste. Although there are rope ait ed tw the Larang vale the msn force behind the eons devepreat i found the cara presance of Khenpa™ Aliaugh donot eae to ea eon ofthe eens tht governed hes ini ears and parley of the exert to which the gerne! ay have Deen aware or usprove ofthe communi ingot pers tha ‘hefounding ofthe community beg ina infra and pial Titan ae nea charac lama ply bot smal perro hom a ins = tle of eoe dep tok up reidence neste The comity ten gress word ff mouth nace eher sg practioner, ha in very bapa’ Gon bul oneoom midenes in seordance with the rea ranging om the Fate wood cabin andthe more camman ene an dt hue a sole exude rescence bal fom sacked sears fer dividual were fe to come and go without ny formal membership proces at long as they adr othe mina beh ‘orl oem that Kher ised on. At the eweomert residences begat to ‘peal ovr thei the evi community ply expanded daring i ine Arcade wa al reident population of one howd mons and mune vied Seuween the aad and a nanaery jst down the steam. While Kenpo = potedly experienced spree om goverment! nibort, a hy ar Ing pois occurred when he Panchen Lam cere he inate an cade REMEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET & "wey. Koerp' hone nasn, Mow he blogs athe ple eens oo ie oe et Sr enctmaastee ewmreares et get einen be Boss meccricnea cameron tae toe renee aon tee terete teaorforuaet Tr rec iterate vegies Pace ieastncran aco ‘tcf equated that there beso promoion of tat poston sce would Shaman niemar ets DeaeacinDavo obeMANo ‘wey, Khergo ame non, The eligo ele Kenpo ‘lens sig ie omracsn eae bl at Sera are lain the ht pesormed he tonal ama’ role of ic Sor insome pela dies In the sumer of tot a potentially expose di Jute epee the boundaries bees ert County i de Gan ean ned The Pada drs nthe Tehongor sgn, event with economic picts thos te tea arabe doe fe Aer Eling ores thicerenes beth Sides were prepsing fr armed ate when the scondranking pita gue of Serta cameta Khenpo toaskfoto, Khespe wrt a seri of keer to peopl om bth de sgeing x compres nd eventaly defined the uation, Howe in he mi-eses Khenp became the abet of pelea spin afer he wa fe the ery fey Ten rligos lnder wh eet ga a certo of the goverment’ candidate in he Panchen Lama rekzcaaation controversy This tnuscompoundedy the ares nd reported tora of an aston Gol ox = Povey poncng erate concen Tea ndependcnes. Ax wrt Uh tou at an of 96 hs ben ein he sy wo engage vei a= vy uid he ow nate” ‘Although the rar maori of residents ae monks governed by mona rule of conduct and allowing «ait chal program, and although Khe JFitphun bine kas mains none wma hugh ise he bas a tinal termed the ecademy a mountain hermitage (Mond) rather ht a7 tual monastery tht woul exablh and wainsn kis own dete tds AUMIMBERING THE DISMENBERED BODY OF TIBET 6 inne wh te hare Tihtan erga on ecarin conta i ‘oe nu Toe itteson al the on ve pate hoe monster 6 ceeds ere when Rhenpa ihn sot enchingo rene ion they. do nox perv cove nanan comin aciin recht trashed dances (son Ade Ro the cor esto sain te acemie ‘Katona tte operon sted wiring died aa monster the Pepe Republi of Chita Kenpo espns enn fr ot are tng monty then he tt prong contemporary neds be ee vel of wlan anon all ne Tie tk at in it iw 3 now ‘Teme wu eine eri tendenieoul never soph Thal ths come to scan loan nlite peiod witht chang ing pei one san or oval te back and oth Been therhome monasen nd arong Gem poplin id ong Sl therjornt of ican Sue gh ry are ted Nyngan Roughly percent of the edest poplin are Nyigma, 20 pert Kyi to pee aj pre eb, wi em te Bon ad onan eae: Daring major ary ua epee of ale ea Conga por i reat rnb The ce is ns ieoned or Gas of he camera ort, nen aon o Khe’ ee ‘etching ding on al Buchs ran ditions oka Fo dleret Se alton ase pend eng post ogee a shared vio thene Whe thete a kage contingent surindingaes the wcdeny 2 tonne coder ter fom ought he Tibean dsc Scher ané Gn pve epesy for Sera, Gao, Thor, Ab Repgong ear bg and Mina ie ae some fo te Then Ae tens Region kh ncadenwetr ad Centra Tie though st we Tom nse ares such at Chand en Conjo" One ote protien fr tran whe come o he aeadony re power of he Gok oad det shh cemely dieu fr ier Tea wo understand i que dt Tam ocghbonng Ar sod tn dlc od) enue, Coal ibe ‘Mond iy Gyeon ne partial rend ice he lnguage dan Menthe ore af ibetan toe degre teen ced a ibe), Cee 265 Winker nn nse up os yenre beg osodertand te alk dat Satome cin end is mas wacormen epee fa righ cholo PEE igus crue ncomprcen se Te pe doo ply allo ‘Spy mon to comes sy or any gh eel people Koen meneame vrs such thor who pial awed he th wSurng the Catal Reve, re reard—hs ered in» og Pe Sane Somes fer an oon sun with an expanded pop An upto sean dng major nary tals Ati scone changing comourty Kenpo Jghun be ho funded apn mien uc of aol wear oy designed 2EbETuadment of "eheapo dere, wich 3 aalogos oe "gtdegre in he Geli and dacorate in Western verses. The program i Nate tematic dof ge bay of etn ders ens crit analy {nd evaluate procedes with the exception tnt compotion s of considerably tess imporance tan in Weve academe pograns, Ir standard rogues fer Tibetan monk cha piting, medina, poet, ory epi Imology the Indian Bust Mabiyaea phosphates of Madhya ‘nd Citar, te ela tant al he Gren efion-Respiens of thse ‘egres have tradtoally been seared ret aligns preg in ib and have ‘become port teachers sola and author fn Nyinga and Kagy® rmonastein However ti pes sch producto longer, rigorous sce {ured programa who were in sor reply al ex llowing te lng chaos of the Calaral Rewlon,Thut the dersopment of gprs scolaste taining Drogas a Larung sel ase thoes aching caries lad gran fr Tibet that he founded during the Pom as Been ap port fer Khenpo “lpr, Inthe ie decade roughly one undead benpes graduate: hon his eadenes eat ode youngmen a ther wendeo ier Requirements or {tihenpo degre ave heen sosewbat else i ight of the presi aed or {Guaifed ean ester so tht op stden an eoplete the program in fi Jars. Some of trae ow Hbepesunstey rem to their own maanastrics Yo teach, ome say eth centro Become advan! teachers In thei os hor ‘Synge in arr tui ad vom event by Khenpo kph to muasterox svi expecially eel ned teaching ania, ‘ihpo lun bas eased athe schol, sick the one in Nyatong nt the se of i prevow nections reside vo ded mane) and et 1 ‘Minya (one hundred mons) He ako osiney makes to hes ones, ‘hock, an rete! cents to gh teachings and enpowerment Since his ara ‘my eane any new enpon who are sent nah ewer is Ks wo ther ‘mona centr are nual close. Given is explcedxn forthe acer fer era entero te rene of Badd allover Tibet without requting st Individuals change ie monasc afin, these reaionships are of elferent ode than the eal enjoyed by wana bec af manatees with ‘ronginttinel concer inf tba one cola scderne wn wee lation acadomies grat gr) in 4 tamber af the mona wat have R= merged since the Curl Revo’ end. Throughout heat str theo Potion of the cperesconeered with onus dacipline and the ual the monthly mons eonfsionnl che immer eat atl sri observance of ie regulations, However, unite ina religous isan ated wih the Nj Ingma et inthe regs communi of Tada and Nepal which have becom concerbed abot al ele wih maintaining sbr-based exci radtins tothe Aersmant of coterie nian, Kheapo ha consent ven teachings en ‘mona ase onthe supreme cate tions ofthe Great Pareto be aval guie agra mamber of mona sd lay indians cre proctic= ings onerplavepresrpsinown at beathough and diet trameendnc. RE-MEMBURING TILE DISMEMBERED RODY OF TIBET “This uml blend of monastic dicipine and the Great Pectin’ appeal of tantie eedom would seem to he even by two overarching mations: dhe (Grea Peony ona ele i the peo eeurenam that Rhenpo has Strongly soca and is highly experensal ye sesmlined contemplates tem, whi fess ret and ena enplemeatble mode of practice not ean fon rrr commmankiy, completed teal experi, ce eleasve academic Ting Though the resident monks are duo actully part of monasey he mn lee st fon mute don de valk ae forming» trv mennery Beaded by ‘Rhenp's yout las, Ani Manto (1966 in the re-hrse year the eed So ‘ehh Rhenpo explain as being def the rebive poery eels insti fons for wornen Tete ae for older ae henpos who ave bozn ase 0 teal the my a gp there were lo fone female henpoa Tally mei ot titen receie Kheapo Jkphans teaching, hough they id reccive empower {nent bat in og the set all was consracte expel ab nuns and moals Could recive hse tacking smlaneouy fa the new balla line of ower {pls monks and mans and there are dlileen door or en andl exit oa pe ‘ent incroction tat could lad to reaches ofthe ceo elibuey Tor genera ‘dy, however te ran eon ou ova bling cies Tipu. Asi praceion of rani domed in wan ak costae The rare hm he uney hed iy Kieop esa the see we este@pavip ceEmMano heng Jpn alo asa ue of Han Chines dpe, and wo Tibetan maak i ther enty tes specialize fo wachiag Chinese and trating “Rhcop eackings to Chinese Tn agg thi t forty Chinese monks and aac Pie lnsenipamanenteidence, oo f whom knew Tibetan and there ‘Tntorm suet x Chinese within ee gai! program run by dhe igual roecsnsructors Ia at, Khenpo pay the Chinese monks and nuns a spec “Teer of vet yan per mot because hey have come roms fs thi a Tine coer the sow of fanny, bute yale dung fr fv), and she asc ne verdes Wie dere are examples of Chinese moals who have wholshearedly ‘Sete he Tibetan ese nary soa toxin an atde of cura ety and pee, eel nisin ofthe aeciaton eset they ‘iu uteequrniy te oleate her owe sus as eacher. Despite the overtly ‘Rats cglayedby many Chine tvs Tens dere eens a poe ‘Eat bet in th spl power of Tibeun Busi. Talo wise period ‘Sis Bon devel Chines acl who made he ng tek or their homeland Toe Rheny in reste some of them are considered be very advanced ‘Raden. tf Ehepo spent o mens fs Beg atthe Budi Higher ‘Rendony ste Panchen Lam’ viaon, ding which tne many Chins ‘tei hme aie een ote provncs in the PRC to receive tenchings. Moai scp ee pe Bein um remorse dame ent pie amag empon thee Seman orn aide opty cone hens er ef amaftteEeclye Goetetcma Secon neem coherent rune rinneagets sent les ieoecce gear areteten anes iemamsyancticere eictinanncnen enna ee eae eh micah canepsnt ae eeetotnt a a a ati er eset ere ee unenemria hevaronmien Soci accent helms ‘artetinpemy ear eg RE-AOMOURING THE DISMEMBERED DODY OF TIBET ‘dais Hncages, women are often sido be of crucial impotence as cosas Jatt donc, soe iis elise that is posible wo were the transce- qtr pal ey in rlance on the ans echniques of sexal youxs ination, {Euibioved that sexalyoge somtbtes is some ential wy toa Tetons abi TAOS teasree™ Though Khenp Jpn accodngy el that he gos rte andar conection al cae tha the tie had come Serb acaal yoga to enhance elton, he chve neo act on dem” ‘Eoin enter Sgures such athe fonder ofthe Geluk radon, Taonga ogy tt ehenpo ltr explained is eling hat ost contemporary “yog! see inst rdinary nvidune and used the claim tani ye” Teyana dat they peaed nds te spel of seal ese He thas le vata co act an explo preserve the teaching integrand refi 0 c= OPT comort despite ir arse coneis, wel tthe posveavan- CEES Nutt have derived fm thei prac of oun og, Shor fire Heeaniad tea evens well inuwn master nared Loar, who beeame wp Me exasnd, “Noweay Teac ave sch ight vieous meri! What ean be See penne thie warped am now on you mast perm the rockon eet erouon efor the Sky Dancer (kt, di and praise che eri of SES yows sd large guberng Sine ne n your le your gatesing of di Ti al erenty nee at ht tine you mu propagate the staan ane, SERS Eitan cama above allo he oquent writing of Langehenpa nd Siphon os wny vs Benftwl crueknparllyo he teaching 10 eee ing ‘Th, dpe being dosed to ke up &consort a 8 RESET eae tie dasoery a Te, Kheapo fk feed o deine dhe cpportunity De ea civ hence or writ eal examples ding a tine of enoral See Cadrowed by Lao ne radional terminology of Teta’ teva.” oF ‘fer sccumulon of vrwous ets and postive kari ber). ribo raping then that iy eement of Khenp's poi mison fe roving cd at the Clr Reson bas bent expe the need fra ths. Eon and eal reir of Bahn in Tibet at x corrective to lhe Pee Pevuptions he fh had developed diving the preceding thee decades ‘Mvaatedipine- shat celbaey—and cious sty of case Bod text ae cine in Rheopo vsin of Tibet Baddhispath and Sse nade (Eas osoc enol Tibetan rls vals a yal to one's gu, While cae i the some of nonelbate monks, erate monks darespect to Fe ok. Stary predate eent Chine infuenr, seems reatonnble 0 se dr dae te done of the Caltral Revlon ound te radtiona ess of Fer Tyg clara fr wore cont than inthe preceding cores, Fanaa ete and exc eandard so which tender and conduct howl sere etted and whch boo be rejected, Abuve ally nine wit a esate eae diling ate fouaton of al pov quay he emplit~ ae de ned fr deed prstinnas to become rons ad nuns wit the cere inne speci ew who bad ney aster ane contemplationsd were ths beyond any need for conventional morality and discipline, He alto ‘femelle advsing dat Tibetan mons ad nuns a ‘Sur needed aati strict accordance wi he Buddha's ehica teachings on ‘mons daspine si the tantric corpu For hue practioner who broke thei ‘Hone and anc wes easing the Callual Revolution (igh ab vows of lua cnc fr regis srt, ad reverence fr one's teachers the rpion as ol soserere wf Be Band restores, he insucted tbe perfor ‘cof appropriate also renewing wows for oters whose actions had ‘ery damaged their vows ley any pony ofrnal renewal, be insted on ‘Sulion fom monasse series He so exhorted seriou eligi praciion- (in general—vether orduned ar monks and munt or ly tase praciion- oe exert heme in tectigues or pring thelr negative acy and tran [gress and to forsake ther waar actives such as agreltre which they ‘Neel to engage in during the Guta Revolution. He ele hat people who td broken the commitment (daw, sony) by soc acs as beating aan Should new be peated tvs he mopareri ut nto take past in epewer= nent usando of een if Fomerly they were high reineamat lamas "Though he was only aie to fal on adherence to tbe circulars preseiptions within iowa enters he aetiely encouraged other monasteries in extern Tibet ‘Gamma tewees polly o suppor his agenda ‘This force asertion of the pray of aie monate wales and Wacisonal standards inthe pom ‘Cat! Revoonetvrnment hi et cnstent tension with hae who ex ese i at dot ative ring the Cltral Revolution, spee Khenpo {Fisphun as avated «hard fine again auch indiduas. This ha been the ounce of conieabe enon wih lea plal leader, who argued that he ‘Gain Revlon conttes a mpc suaton and thus eid not ivaive & breach of mona or nti vows. Howeve te Pchen Lama ao advocated ‘wailing toe teaching from thowe with Broken commitment, suggesting ‘tht insens they be gen exces a eching Tn ti way Khenpo fe tht monaaie communities could puiy damsel, and agin become warty elo rei foray people bono, ale alms, and {21 for eight cannot be oveemphasand haw central this etal ise isn terme of the elatoshis betwen ly inv and monk ine ei pari (copcilyceley) whe quae the monks ax rece eerngs fo the Iny communi Exe if ths ary” alvays ofa clave tr, hen nretons arc very public and exten ca len to ay people questioning teenie nate tut, least in la manifetaton Tle unranees in rm thatch fer ing corte regis merit making” wid mei understood as positive kara ‘hat wi ee to mundane benefits, beter eb, andevenonly pial growth ‘Az Ronald. Schon has shown, thi elatonship btn enact (sy ‘and monks at ky clement of Tibetan soy as been repeatedly tacked by Chinese relgaue pace or pole! implications” Whi Khenpo fas conjoined his tong edna and etal anda with src emphasis on ‘monascian and insience on exposing Tibetan religious bypoevsy even whe Ieidng dct compiciy wih Chinee rue, he hus distanced his movenest Tom ay ivoement with overt polit proets This contra sarpy wih Savers pteaal of the concn of eal mpi of Buda wih poli> ial pot tat hs dominated the ongoing dentate in Lhasa Khespos brad of poanaiss has ot ivaed contontatinal race to goverment tutor, whether nis sve on stoma education i edtonal Tibet Tearing an sito to cloniiitensed embarrassment ver Tibet ce ina backward par or in his eval ofthe tonal eritmkng insttuon of {nteracton bxineen ona and lay commas, Howeve, Kenpo puns ‘ies agenda, wells his manually cp teaching ofthe esotrits ach- {age pvt the Great Peretion, as bee he owes of considerate d= fect contoversy among Ton tough not wits Chinese autores. AL one fin, Rheapo Jkghun explained hi motalins wa huge monastic amen ‘ee began hi pit andere he cing hr wa ee ose er een whe anny she mons mney pes Howe by Foca ny wang ir pico, any ep iw hve eg one malo a ec xen oye atin i ng ate ‘dof ven tighten interes, ote he ope tht noe ee ‘fewer te Bod escings be bere tig son yor fee ng ene et tere en Oe yay el the dg ame ey etn tee i Td EEEie my om le i hese hw een cern oT woo futyanm onthe ghee My eng seta expen ye {yen Dhoni i he owing ‘Ahugh many bingy Beka tap pon Ne, Tht iho dingy che rar te Way ot enn. Aner econ has bee cone ime ay tc acon Pee em fee cots och arb nkedte Fac suns nd cones tial os a bt oth Techn are rhb composded yh nm aan gna hrc py ted with he iia Te Sr wry cn oe me ig con Fecha yin of Bait nn tn Res no eh ed purty le eo Seana nso aroma pon omen eg a aaa eee ec of es apn porn ey “Snag” (nh cae torre Alig he enn of i ion 8 ae cunber a hue re Kemps pore pes a oe tom Kept cmc eam 0 ond ei ees NS ymonct woman and vance amongmany hr fle Nap he fe andes within rtnary ay rnin, nd hve ud a tt wenn ta ety mana once poe Sx nd ney arm tee ch gre wah rene the cn ne parc the inl elation ot eu rotons athe vile aja of denice Khenpo cn hs beni aqgringa me bce ib se cnjed with sto prego ecg he pro elo which ad Buds ‘pei cas inion he mila socal ete al be ans ote soporte sonatas. This en ‘din hin with heim of arson” phenomenon hatter cml a tra and eet nt hse was ef ins, gs when the ay Nyaa tana Kis Ling vated the United Sete om Glan eparey ear Repo on ser occasions een ti oly Nicomn ues ere Pein Tin ly hep rel of the date Tan Bait gsm of een "i he Tet mada gs faa Nc ‘enc ephas on monaiserel cis wed om pale ate ts old veri igen arin rua ne es Re ico Chit corr spy pd eins ea ne Cental Tet Rhea hr mex sings, boson oe Nstemcttonet cedpigtnagenetwesneincdoeearereah ce kone pel and hey ee cored mT, ete. Tas oe sas ssi, th the pind ten of Bahr Shs fs ins ‘tikes he cal pec of Bom aa rg ana ‘aged coe Ts enon cision hasten diana ion of bi son ps ft he gavage soos eg ‘se rtrin steam i afte Cla Rent herald ee lion tray npn a iy gues secs ree Sis at nace eng tote piano we as ‘cpl ning opin tn eprint occa iti res on ech alse boom ng Ta ‘cyin ge inesr in flee ef rus Olea a to coca aed pot ae val eve in resins Ys by of tes ‘goal esis shy ae year ste he bop nd sso er sd oe mee mie see eee he Bt ie ey chr Bos of Titi ography oto solemn eton wth em enc ie pie wa nating sted ace des nett pnd peat ae | i i RE-MEMBERHNG THE DISMEMBERED HODY OF TIBET 3 ee earner Se eee ee eee ene er eed ie reper eet Sega esac on ee el eee sige re ocean i ee eee eee eae coed eee eee ieee eas Sen ee neers eee een Pct wian gen mm le ouch CE ere cper ge Se a eet rine Teen eel nee Ee Tae Sel tel or ne Teen ees Benatar a ta ae Peete eae eee ens eee See eee Sr epee eer ee es es accep aoe ae crated ngage comm pracios sada ems Sos te en Ne ee eee ee ieee ce igen Eee kre a a ena Se bee go Sa eth ae See Seen canescensentry wih conned pecienhcetry Theta ions whe revialie SEEN cea aprpiason a the wah ef matralfowing to Tibet grt marae pre Ont tern sce shel ope wre moar dopenon of Idan Buhist modes eur Stercaun harbcone knowns he ese (Te) movement The Theta ‘Retcnmentdes began a ee inte vet an eth eens wih he Chua ev bed te tps Ashe new Bodhi eps soring wating an autor on ni puter Tiban Budi eages ‘elke de thle, he Nygm, daped he Ter moveent m3 re ‘Gomer lobed th vary Sonat ug he at pein ei {yeh adn Buln had een embeded in he sub boes of ‘eon wel te geogap bay oC Tet er ota ai the dk esol eon sto ie fgets dion having since dagpeared Stn uth nln the Titan bod oe wrt any tuchinp hier urknown vt id hve en ough ot in gh Shy adnan tl Vina concen the ke fe Poco tend of beg ply saint a ht ine Ths hing fee now eng gruay renered Wy remain, prea of Pa Thc Virlarta’ehcenury Tica ple wi haber Sonne speed ese of he rere he Teta. Ths oe the Ei ene reece i te geal ee or xed by ‘nara tra ey mt pred py om snore pene, Tagpen nt etree noosa apn din eel conenplve nine ta ead shed genous eae Sih te now ote mar tral myths pred a ening ‘Eo conbat be meer snl of conzmporr lad aor ‘yan in ai We comp densa chee lope concen the ate and coset uch ec tact nearer wo cttonos ek ‘em este ol implant) ad (9) en vealed ons “it meal sopra eee Fr ther lyse a {Ep nh an npc sce oon known sD ape The ae be rmardn ter erthans (gt an ete of ida eon yay bare nthe body of Tt sd the oer mca conrad in the manganese cho ‘vane Wise we may rely uodeed the ur in es of penance compen hic by Eada cmp yo ops [items wel ates an aa oy sean he eats aie ine comple sare ted on vio an propicy tcots ‘Sng ril ers ae an fe ag pov eign oF be ender sper etc dred Ihre, het theta thin te dp of ie Tn earth rte dg aa Te bean to" he get of cent to an Tanna oF VE jp at RE-MUACMERING THE DISMEMRERED BODY OF TIBET alam, whe he agent of dscotery tthe reinerasion of one f thelr pre ‘cpa Tein dices "The fineons ef the ely Ter movement during carl tural wee chs href (in the ace of modernist tac ro aurie and authenticate the [Nyngrae religous wadions ying a competing power rutae ete sk fully powerfil meme of the dat period, Read by rewented Pade ‘nasanbhie: (2) appropiate and bandon br a elPeoniouly aatchtho- hows tradition te ae intellectual and rigs materale stemming om India vith aching er a slat (to develop uniquely Tet theo ‘es pct, and pte nan ernment fen dominated by a eae of car tule ocr ofthe hil pointe Te elo pve tho wens Tne qui fr legitinason wes creating spices whieh thy col teenlonm nd infec Titan term wtb imply reproducing he, "Thu Te he an ingore ber fanetion Sat prevented indigenous Teta noc pacts and be us beg overlie bythe mente Powe fd autor dat nore cawial Inn Badd eyes astured i the ‘enth and owl caries. ws ately concerned wih armel and Sos Titan scent the feof a fe offre ele, an thas ‘wih the vale of Titan auton. ve invoking of Tale aor with Padi sd Vilar, was pres the presence an actions ‘Tah wasof crucial sg, and th this ooeationsimulanectly ane tied aerate i signee of Tibetan cure nando sl ally woul Uke temas he oko the Great Petia in the tex sore ealt ao nly was tome ofthe mst portant ods of ery Ter wel a Snguably dhe hy doctriastem ia the nieeeth-eentary eeumenial move ‘nt tha Kio kplan iit tab ss beer he mot mp de {his abo in Ripe’ carpus, orl eacing, aed community The Great efecto scl oT rere a iad omens trans ration thet een reece he appropriation of the modes portaions into characters Nyingmt ace, wale a setrcldietionofsd the tot ated ae cleat Sela iovesons of the dominant madera Teton ste: sure epi stead of regulated refinement, Treen eapurecs tend of pore ction advocacy of ination In ead of maxi iets spots pateraing instead of contd itxonal frdeting hy HE sted of moran, What rade che Great Pesecton 90 Cigoly it 4 thea of interpret sation was pee ily is tong hoor of ena, which wasn Tibet apparent negation o key ‘Bushs bell al valuen AsT hive aged eer" oe of the key functions ofthis dernaretve langage wo deca he inpexing nee o- Tevencs an atboriy oven fica oF ougt ad practic, here ‘ring serena ti reviewing diinesely Tibetan vison. Te Endre was a genuinely Teh ern of Budi an dh nao ‘oui appmopited anedhroughyveved che auld of Tibetan elo76 pavip GERMANO Fre 54 Mar epi te son f Creat Rtn comemplain fo he [an edge sed nen, The gues oe ea lf eve male an mae Boag ih the aaa to th ih epee ‘oxahupenapic alo es cul and language. The Great Peston hear negation dhs a= Aonedn ces and sun a Bonded Too course dat sted he pres of deni othe new Te materia owing ino Tit ad yt pnd theahemy ef atu asada. Thr procs was hanpere in rai i os by the mene dans of ily eandaing primary meri Uh sen cle an lnguage Ge, Idan Bad sr, aed o ape ‘sf co the warplane parade thi general rejection ofthe proce ‘ion af new email erature and parade through Tian stor speaking inthe anonymont crea vice of Buddha as ws fequent it Te) eth Gres Pectin andthe moder’ own igen Indy were hi the tee ‘main tort cabled the Nyanga creas rary and ines wrk ot ending ve tat were as rooted Tne arma thy wren theists Royal Tani he Toi Cassy ‘We ren now to Khenpo Jin redeployment fiance Ter sete legtinatos antinnovaton guint the bareop oth teoformed lanier of ‘he enti entry Some af the more seartable accounts of the er Figure 3. Aktion of Teta Keno gh bs eee. Mac af de ‘cet chy th hil Gr he ight ig the darren lobe doe fn acd sy ingame f te ero ease eto Ty ao dade della te ss he il pent non Fb ost- Cultura Remon eves of teen are a allows nfo he enied {ate in wortiowtern Tibet as beng the locaton af the alae of he lgedaey King Gea and dicted an archaeologist orped up ancent bul ‘ones ae wi sever eae chet ot da This we Hed hs eal {8 previous incarnation ae Yuo Burne (ie, “nee tanuole Ugh the Abremnentoned sn of Dana one of Kia Gessner, Since Vu Bamme is aid to be ay eran af Manju and Gesir an emanation of Avalo ‘edvara, thesia bis ow coe seladanhip to the comerprary Dal Eales eka Dut avis othe Bla Pale on is trp to use iene ewe histories mpaetan soos of which even the cre ors were unaware, His von wie Ving Saye Monastry during he sme (op ae elated edo "A pica dieiery of an unknown scree happened during is i oa place now a Sure Site Interior Monastery whi isa tobe aoc wih the Buc’ Bnligiened Speech." Here he dsemered and opened yp ated tion cave Vn ae a sere Dak eae At dan om the eveteenh of te fi funae month in gy, ea for awe nae dao and dense ‘deny mi, Beng se some in ape” He then elated the allowing san3 DaWID OERMANO {is concerning prevonly unevealed ced stead i ssid eft nd fifth ins ae vote in tere Dal languages Peteiamiones, “Tote dieting ing, Onesie thew ope et, Inks mde of ig mer dan ami recy asp he ‘Acer wh ack and inact, Pa tine wit gay In zandance with he mention of teri, Khng cll taper 9 Joinery whi wc orang yn nodng tothe ace {haa ander boy nd pve them th flog ntact Om cesses, sens ees neti iy up he shape ‘ey nowt non of tia dese we et und ee ‘arin nee So on ad Arete den sah ‘hemeiaon coe, Khcpo ete wet os ety rein Govt ws me st ef Avastin Thre Rico tare a Sion ines alco an ocr ts Hes ace am ica oceainent te ene dp, ad tae aro pone Sealy Doe om tn the eve te ple ote ey ce ino aia grt es psn ee When he cc ho ‘a energie I eo, he ered ta a cing Maj “Techie el they ad nd ha sty pec Be cme, seeRieenca eke meine hee istacen oes peso the moun oman sro ld show fom he pie mae. Re peed san! ee ml Tan eee te th pra he ingen hae Invi i fal iene weft dened tis vec nas Eveyhing war dey ej Key hed Sect ‘Te denis wer nde sewn ewe preps hat perpen the wolf Ties Badia The merce ween {fds Vinal’ enti ached core anon ew ee x ese whve Vineland “urnedthe whe os fn un Dk eh Css Wao {Dpsyilogr imi tare ron rind prvony ed Scenes wee metodo cet rpc earn Sonn ese rope ‘Theriea matin co Via hi ot rit in ae zor bh Grou Caper Mecnin n the Nb eon ‘Andi hat rossi ean Any af DSi In addition, « Teton naned Matta once revealed treasure ened phe Manning th Fat, Dials wth he Dat Fira Seber of Dens ich asa proplete pang Khenpo iexpetd ns referring t his opening of Use sacred eaves tothe outside wes” ‘A pwr pt onthe Tore wi be open ay Uren Rises eon the dorte asa! cne fern ace ate fhe Dei wl i peted yan emanag oes by nce it icra br wen beep reine nd te ue ang ht ee are si border [ere top wi wee ied gg and conor, ie regi 9 {Syl wo eve prose hn daytime tae erp hs iene hi st a. prev now ster seh suction bea A ‘ey of he Dlg Kee Yangdaneg, ge te ol oh bes quate ‘Erng be duat peed ye aconor of Pear Vee ‘ul bonivavecerns fetoningas ase ener fr Dali” andes het whe nT Fiaally Kenpo lis dips bow the ce bo ‘te ng mea hat coerce pred with thm wel ‘Snatched nd ef it cel encnus with Vaasa hd he Dai ees. ‘epimers bike Keexpo noma creat cacy ners ot Chane Ney agen or he portance gendered pracn te momen Tian ey coor Chin teh indium of cred geoph agus hat Tian womens eben ft isan pt neti wih ead fo he mee pac of Bode {Bat mons syed an nortan rl the uber eosin tates ef Buda tory th si a ‘Source mag” ery ae eny Tis gunt the cso oem ‘ie etna repay ost ta sed exe Ie he opin eee sed ad ela oogh ay expen ‘nS tt ae np of incon ben oma bab ay a8 ost ingeran lee foe none vai lest ma ‘Scrat Ds ay rept Shan rae eres coe ee fe perp ways to xp al pid ad emsrent wih ee fase omens oF donated itboe The empl ute rized he sa thse empl a Pay iat ping dey tan ety in rene the er Stonésencnp tones uay ened ee en at ome in th Fe TBEURepubced China Hovevessunal Budi old nt be vee nl ges fc porno dames reine" the ht yes estar of ony prperlyconeced omc iain, meric sch tans are ed oma mare he aa Sammie commantcs hat inhabit Ties ated grog the ngFg 36 Af yew ly he ns rc tet le ie ce enna pec Dkr at ony the Toca eae of nonmonasic Tibetan nteletals and in general the porvesven a {ay liga contemplative rls My snap gta wie Kenpo ‘utr to rena deren large part fom thc ky rl of sh sian Inthe rconsycon of Tibetan deny and emai is ein of Ua ‘eof mora hrc onan age comunity wth that chara (and general ny leader inthe el” haha siatd hin atthe cee of ae eras aration of Tibetan esitance ough the modi the Titan, landscape inl, ‘The mostinporn: aspect ofthese ses however reas othe Ter per nomenon, sce no conemporary Test moe cee th Klip ‘hun. The eto ae cla is treasures neo lng erp of phic ‘rate, poo contemplate manual, and sal ees of uel ‘ene preci, and power and hic oer have Deen extn aca, {pete The background is Teren an egy ee ted elim tobe the reinearation of Nanam Doge Dd, one of the wey Se prin Titan dpe af Panavise cgi ey Thi ‘Ter aresuppeed ob etal teachings that heresies ame ifebaconly ow babes ell and evi. at mat of hixoxps i npr by ‘ponuieou cmposon, whether weno shew wt ‘mii fom figures of the pate dayedapes we andy eecorder ope fruch composiionsas they emerge and later snr thes. Along wih ese wa ‘om teanues, is Ter ato ide mater erth eautesauch a yellow srl ‘Contrled in odi-aped oka ad various tates rial bmplemen recovered ‘rem within rock, To give a sent ofthe nature of these covers Twi rie deze fur ck vents (lof which npr inde pet-Caltural Reston ‘pens the final wo alo providing wore sett of bis ability ganze Chinese Sid efigee Tibetan inter a wal, “Tne seme rican Tous example of public reasreo¢- aed wien Kheno,Jikphn war eving = Maui empowerment on th tenth ‘ay of thea laar moh in gn the orig whe pesfrming the pein {nary secnsons Khenpe kept looking up athe ty ie eran you ab, que ure Tike is xia, italy lent cond, e was noe performing te alo he Than groves propery a es chaning the estation very eal and at mee ‘ery dow. Ia the altsnoon ae che rial fea oring wan being pelormed, ‘Repo Chape wae sting ar the atendant who banded Khenpo Jpn the ‘bal im at tegued. Then as he prsented the merical cones (gor) 0 Kenpo, Khenpo sod up ines of ting then nd held a white oBering st in is otlched anh A "chen? resembling dak green Bid xg he fl fom the sy in front of isn ad lane on is dake i A number ff peo oseral a whom Interviewed i gs) witnessed i aing, and Lama CGakior in prtelar mentioned essing inthe space Gont of Kheapo's Fhends i ll da. Kienpo then picked cup Pom de desk and alowed the they ro people ere ope around, who fond bi hotto the toe, This vent etal only one of many epeted sales, ranging om reciving eral teasree out of thin le to Unprening bis footprints in solid ook, and ‘demorstates the aan urn of power and scaly with which is revelry ae- vies ve imbued him, Ths conviction that hs aeons ean step Beyond the ‘Doundares of enporeliy and orion marralHmiatons sgt oh Tower tat be my alo be capable ofa den veran af another imposible feat nancy leading der beyond dhe equly angle confine of Chinee occ pallon, a presence now deeply rooted within he Hela soiland pate. Resign mye leugef aiat Tit, While on pigs ‘age to the realy ered Samye Mowasty in Gena ibe." Khenpo went 9 the Basing Turqute Tiled Por onthe conal ample secon or, where he Surdcniy expesenced « pare memory of Padmatambhaw expovding the ‘minal Hour Gres Perfen (ying tress) caching 10a rinse of King Ti Songdeten and fis leet abject. Saying, "Though previously Pad ‘asinbhay avg dhe prof tenehinge in Os very ste now in ia prexent {Bam Tan evenrxogniae it" Khenpo wep profaely and sung o0g of met. ‘When Fake him abost in ggh be le thatthe recnstruced Sameoe eager pre 97 Theresa Sane Monty in ovate fie di nome it Tit nd height cos a dt wae ale Pantie Fedmnumbhn caning Tita st ecco eee Sboily epesathe ein! dc common oe wens Monae bi psi emai anyway py wi pd ‘pink hepa bandon fo pt a tas ny sg ste ut i yal ‘arene Be eh hemor and fle ep see na a tte tn cw pl pi Hs Bg eto a Sine, Kane ey eed fee gee he on Fu ci int yo, wk pes ‘ety ome Then Ke et ean Ape cor deh tne ue Meaty Ago ln nee canal Pee of al aye eng Glos Facute i cla Din fr hop ck as tu Copper Cac nara ce! Ive rt sn an gc mgm ae Tin eed cn ino heme copy ea pation orem Kha pene ee Kl heey at Heda nee iio tena a [RU-MEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIBET & ‘his wrath vinulzaion, he confined her beneah the ground sd onde that she remain thee fr wine year. aly anivingm Chimp, Kheapo stayed a ‘eusshang Re Rock and beeame deeply absobedin rials of deity evocation. [athe imperil period, Kheno lser si, Padatamblavs hd ease ext a tha pot in the center of two stone hes” shape ke enc hel with locke wae spiral the content of which surimarzd he tne cenerplave tad of Aetyvsuatization subtle bey pretend the Grea erfetin,o the ake of renewing deenerta teachings in autmerant ies of si. Padmasibara hd entrstd the stones YesheTaoge, tren her to hand deliver der a the distant Foe 6 aa emanation af hi dpe Nanam Dore Duo, eho would arcs tthe gathering place of Dakin clea Tivo and Chimpbe Since hhevecoqnized thatthe tine hl come forthe tense abe exacted, Kenpo fe hun tok one pat ofthis eamire ou Fam concealment ting his ay t Rod Rock, Asforheother stone cht, sbsequeny Khanpo went tthe per par of the foot af the Drigung Tze mountain north of Late and then sem Reap {Chope farther on witha white offerings, rsuucing him Us not wo come lek nil he had Found a rock exaely Uke the one recovesed a Chip. Figure yf The so conch bap! wean ches mensonein th acount of KRheapelreenfon Sys Cha nk te low ala erase me4% DAVID GERMANO ‘Khao Chap hen absinthe stone om the band of x woman saying in e= ‘retin the Painaambhana mediation eve a Teo who widely bleed tobe fn emanation of Veshe ogee Thong theme had a6 coe (0 ‘asthe rnnre dating fm thee two one chess, by vite of there bing ‘retiding necesity Khenpo ceeded a expomermen ual and evocation ri {al for he godiew Karur wel ax sn empowereent rial fr the Fie ‘Garay in ce nanne of combined earth tease vom weasure deviving hom ‘hove cer, “Theses trate hw Khenpo Jiphun'eanimason end extension of “Tibetan mythology adie ane = yam prose ported in lve eli Sona to te Tibetan laicape, which i underoed aa sri of residencee (ave) inhabited by te Baad, ane spits, local deroste ene, "ed the ik, who Hae aon played amr rl ia the history of Vibe fultace* Nic history i thus rteved tough reviltion of the sered Inndkespefincreted in ance Tiber, a ecapeae proces ih other Teta, both human snd nonhuman, that aves eacounes exchanges, ply a= ions, and sobannces ndemtod as produce of ex, a “usu” Tee tex vu ge tose encounter actions and beanies sigan, oid ‘eminent erly ground Tibetans in Tibet ence gas hs “Teeisone of themom ering crysalioion ofthe marked mebuance nietaton sf Tibetaa plsiage and ee practices tng cred geography” A common rad Trees of Tata China _10.1987 Kenpo went to "he We Pek) Mountains a Cina saying that rms 2 very young age ‘nnd en intense dese to go tere in persona it was the Bods Mais ‘main pue land Haron arch" Clase Tea hates peak of Male ge ing Tibet fom bis bomen the Wot Moun the eighth century aed de ligt exoanate frm there ais nex ler Thi was none le ha i Be sous emperor Ti Songdesen such tat the mountains are aa integral par of Tete dj pas and mye present” Kbenpo bosune convinced Ue te ad ame daring he ne ping of 8 when he ws ving an erpowerne the Mapa Ja of Manu vane cyl wo more atone thou pl Mer large-scale Wheto Tne Kalen tnt inion tha he rite ‘o more than sx thonand people During the sing escent, the paw ofthe ial when the iy (he “gps being” vo tht itr npn deed ‘and doles ino the dsiples visualization of the deity (he Noone ‘being the empowerment dt data nan nner visionary main fo ‘Kheapo and gave him = propheey "Since thee wil be grat het othe ‘eachingy ard ving being You got the Fe Peak Mounting, yo should go here" Ac hate an eteral gn of thi von wat wine by everyone sent Khespo was perceive to ate the ot shove the goa! bored there fora shat me From that dine on Kenpo ebcouraged al nse 0 Dsform thousres of rial eocalans of Made (main rain of Bi REMEMBERING THEDISMEMRERED BODY oF TIBET marisa with vinalizatin of his arn, nd in he beginning of ig he et ont the Wutni Mountains alongwith comand of ober Tibetans" Along the way he Visived such mow Buda sacred se as the Imposing Epa Mow (Gemeishan in Sichuan) andthe Hoge Boddha statue at Laban in Sichuan and Finally arsed a Beilng "Tere Khenpo,Jikphun conmed the Punchen Lat ‘about te ongoing prteation and orm of Badd he had undertaken ad “wae reassured that he was onthe ight path. Makiag payers for the eke of Teachings and ving beings in font of the sal tpa located na pagoda on the slopes of Bejing’ Western Hil Xin} which is belived conta one the four eps of he Buddna, Kenpo pan ten departed forthe Wit Mountains “Ainet en thousand individuals om areain Amdo, slong with member various other egonl and ethic groups (Tibetan, Chinese, Mangala, es) aid to have gathered there wid Khenpo. He Sst might them base dorrne such as Tongkhapa’s Tne Pail Ascot al (Lam gt ram gon renunc fon, the alrunieenlghvened nnd andthe thetic vew), Tonga’ Sie ‘arid Maing of th Pu (Lam ni is iy ad the Kad master Gyale ‘Tihokee Zara's (1295~ 16) Thane Pcs of «Bodin nt ‘Then, before te Srtpa wit Nuelewsof the Realized Ones Rls he hall th ‘Tien who had rele there ageher erate aro oundaion by ein the Prayer of Sonate’ Cnt (emg od nan lon hy milion ses ‘otal* and Khenpo himself made poet prayers oral hoe situa rated him tobe reborn in he Blsfl pur an (Stkhtvat, fo he eacing to spread far and wid, and fra senet beings to atin Mis. To being bent 0 the ‘eating in general, Khon a exqiste mass of Pcmsambbva, Ai fand ‘Tongthtps, along otien, bulk wit the spptopriaie ornaments and {masa inetd in them neal proved mary such sacred objet ir the oh ‘momar nthe area. One day Be uaseled toa rponstery on he ase of on fof the key mounts immed on arial ven chen are ad oa ‘ragially appeiced sod recived teaching fom bin, afer wick they mide “lnappentet it thin i Ina mediation eave called the cave af Suchana Shas ti} Klnsypa hep st cet or tre wodks While yng ther, om ‘morning ofthe tentyinth of the fours nar mon, be ad 9 pre vision © ‘Maat youl bad, asempare by inten contemplave experience. ‘Then Khenpefkphun went oa ene onthe Eastern Terrace where the oem ean be seen which sented witha apt mentioned in the dota Siem ‘Matt consane residence” He dd a tworveck reueat Dee apd ters ‘hat he experienced unnterrped visions of radiant gt ly and night swell ‘other powerful contemplative experience and vitons. Then onthe tenth day © {he sath Ia month wen Khenpo wer aking = feast oflving detested ‘Mature whl staying atthe Clear and Coal Rock Monaro the sky becam [pervaded by range puters of rinbow ight jt ae cxpkned in the Clear a ‘Goal Mountains guidebook efksnce ko Malle emnatons beng present46 avin oeaaiano ‘nur ght rs: Whe Kenpo ian ha a von of Mats his thes stage ranbow gh inlng avery ail rainbow aoed gt ‘phere, wee vite by eveyone thre Suseuenty, Cerone preset wi ese a extacdary phy of indo ight tn ou une ad po. Uographe were ae, Ding Khe ss reine Nara aly) rock eave onthe Baer Tere’ op” hee hae wn enced y 2 ‘Phere af rinbow ight, which agin Cee mee, henpo pun ve Covered nite sate made of eager goth eave which ater feo the Das Lama, ho was eg byt As Khenpo ado he Savio rai the Wit! Meus cea box pro te act there ponent hades ea leiden al ocr ot ‘ing tsvik One ay we aying a he eatin ce a Sacha, be ‘si, "Thacare oud he cena onan er tee rele asaered se ne sins dren hts damned dys im that pt” He ‘retina ther relat ig wl Later ciple ond it es acy as ‘Khepo hal cesaed Kenpo aa Ml many sates and ae tne os cele wanes anh Caan Gl Nat daring his ty “Tis exenson of Khepo gus Te actin part f China in which iba and Chie Budd ratoaly ince cee eign po spect of eommon pond, skated ply sd gmbelc space af tans fovenment ig sh peace oni le necting ee ‘Stns I lion, heron leone ot Ter he Wa nnn ine heat of te CBs cela wiha conemporey ‘Theta prenne he prec eon oft ent mae migra of Cl nse mila and pam incl The Unk he Chines erate ef “iba tsuneo and eng barbara 9 highly lca xed preset Kis repre etal dere bein opined tal ihe apy orn esd pe sound en ne Joe Inasngandeap of Chine crus, udraning he compted TE tetan eprom” we ma eto accont ot ony Ue can ‘eof turin nthe oa Tien sere enya eof CH tse ancl Western Buds appropriation ibn ere Un omens Bot lo alo the iba ami get we conta ch hy are onstrated ane who arth bth changing sje nd ejec in phone. ‘oof inert gsr bond the al cone ef we iy ‘eked “Onna” The Chino cnn wah cin Boddy sparc. lay important, ad The peony winced exseme of pera den ancl nancial ppb Har Chine bth noes ud Tibetan lous gues win the Repl Repub of Chin fn ned othe bg se {Bx contin bean important fe in Chee resstance tote ee Wile The mre fen witsed Chine cen of ibta a Sack and bt, the pene nprtaace the ong manent ik Cin gain ries he pouty of common ground ware Chino ad Te RENEMBERING THE DISMENUERED BODY OF INST & ‘etn ati of resizance as wel as oppress heres andthe consis (Gredeconstucia) of identi encounter each othe and ova, even within an ‘eral perm of divergence Toned Tn wg Ti Khcap Japan ais previ inaraion st ea Linge ad spat onesie personal ani othe ‘Gerth Ds Lato such tbo Rep an te curent Dl Lara forty fe asong dott meet oe ter one bs ef hi kari comme {or Keenp ened intense ahn te Dalal Lr, Thorbe deed eae tld tomset wth she Dali Lama novi heared Buca es hee Fer Rapcie who in gpg woud beste heat of the Nyingma tad, had toed hn come toh tonstic seats Bape, Sou nino ea taro bt Khe pospoved sceag that inion case resin careless nena ibet wel ay xing pial eu ance! Howeve toward thee fe fet nar month arte Tibean New ‘Yarn tggor Kcapo Jighan Sly ae he tp nosed by Khenps Nanda om Pen Rinpoche’ monanery™ When visting the fro Ya- {tao Padimuasbave cet Noa cowie of the Kathanvay. he ‘Sperenced pale mao in which he old a teaching le ened Tis ‘Sige Dane fe Titty Dey Enea Spi, te Dag Sal ck Bag™ “Thema ere fo to bg ht Pace woe around hi eck which consid nr dagger embodying the caeace Uf is tty diy ‘When Kbeapo sbseacay rovein Dare oe i enpoerment (othe Dal anand abso Oing conwrato, an aay eching ot {ise spoaneny eg n Khong in which ie Dal Lama wee futon hs teal In adconoeacanger of tnhingr and wide ranging come Stn oar rs at ee ncaa ued pale meron of the prev rasp a hehe ‘ala tama ad era Lingo rir aenp' epra he Dll ama fied uplstin eye fr the Dg ce at Kho bad requested ht Te compo, tnd ths Khcnpo roche the ial tannin fr om fe Dass Lam dey Pp of he owes see qunly widely elated vhs cuern Het enough 1 el hee rma the lel uo! wap pe ih i ‘Ao driv Khenp' ise Ani Mana ws recogni by the Dal “Lana he craton of Mier ays Dron» Cental beta nae fomot Yate Togyel who wat te daugiero the portant Nyig maser ‘Terk Lrg (610"sJuyso cey inke the th Dal Lama Khespo ona edt the Dei Laat Neng Coleg, here vee Derr ‘Shponermen int em} othe sul phase a hich he grote dey rend epi poet of Neng dy powered te Necong O= Sci and in ighy unusual ak gve propecia io rigs 10 iheopor ar tcsne ine, th gods Doge Yona deny ok omenge. Khoo Fun gn Beings oa goap lays wun he dj of ber human orc and ge props, Khenpo hima experienc vid pst memure and wept ar role oer reatinsips and timate "Thirerf eet poinuio the deployment f Te wihin Ten elugseeone mics rte inne of era nent rang on within he Po Dies Repl of Chin exeriagpowefl an postive feta on Titan i lag one is confines Hix dramatic aedora bod wiin a major bean ‘mona io Lin ad wii he cr and pen het of efigpe Tet [Dinars underent the pradoieal notion that wads Thetis eure fone cue of Tbe and point ton pele aging a wit ein the Fractious Tibetan community troughs povnt band of tyth reed wii mda oft east em aint here "THE VALUE AND LIMITS OF CONTEMPORARY TER wold ike noe resnide he hemes of merit lenin, and rn ia comparative manner hatter he tore! gp toe Uh rg the rear cals the eleventh and seth cones an Khonpels compo ‘ay fal of Tein he ate sensi eniry Fieve hee sg ae ‘eatin Tibetan imaginion that ataclasthe Chins onan, te ore RE-MEMBERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIRET all dhe Cultural Revolution, wth he das paid of Teta tory flowing the ‘rllapa of the empire Ta bo eas Budim wa erected, the clan fd cconamie sets collapsed, key religious ad temporal menue Went Sto decay formal eduction slowed a sani and socal chnoseropted Aly ference tha ie nepodatly vient that beeen dese engendered ands tzverned collapse af central ethoriy that osured in the ninth cantar a he ‘Tibetan emplve ditegesed for iteral reson and the coewed and othe engendered devetatin brought about hy Chere ison aed aceupason. Ae ‘Tibetans have begun to reemenge fm te new dk period in the past 70 cacy there are ue unavoidable sicinons of th eneva of Teta en tity wit the enim’ of Tibet ure ging in te attend ent ‘The points of sary an a8 folewe () confi with coeeve temporal authori ties and reste thogh antaoman halo are el () tase aout ‘of now ctrl nfraation Bowing in Tibet er ote, ache in er tue writen in len language (norly Chines and toa fr ese degre nih, in cont to the ear predominance of Seasrt and sociated lng) (@) sebuilding monasteries sd esalhing egous Hneagr afer an extended bsenee are forme among many Tibetan? anes (there controversy ‘over pay interme of rigs inaction or corruptions (the ination fad, or reinearnae amas, has sumed enewed importance 2m inatsaion that fst developed daring the Theta reainne) Tn tame of authori con- bts in early Tibet, agiogp his rom leven heen century Tibet are pervaded by themes of socal colt st new religous and poiiea intitaions Strogaled to eeure and conoid power is the region Imporan. themes include the stricent eins af Nyingnn vada by the ues of eleventh Century weer Tbe moppreion of populist religious movenens andthe FRegemont ue ofthe Sey ect unde he patonage af dhe Mongol Yaan En pire inthe thitenh cen Acusatns a antinori behavior Figuring ot aly within many of dhe cote inolved wo din ype: soil anges tions lake i unter, angioma suppose seule of wnbrlded enuelyandeven ial mirdr ch ae redeted a the infirious “unon and i ‘ration [sber glslogna) wo power sgios ead? martial engagement in Social confi" and more intial tanugesions isolvng palit we ment shat scraed to capers wih teal leader.” xi of monastio. bbased sdohte ection, and general thetrcaloppason to ody fai ‘omaly defined Buddhist ees and intallocual syens in for of personal ‘ealization of the transcendent ms ofthe Baas teachings Fil hei on ofthe rnearnate lana we «poole oem of hereditary uri took Tihape between the elven and the force entry asa sbaegy fr in ionizing sii legimacy ad charms ong oer thing and pes this inition, along with ke idelogy of lneconneted Hines of reinarmations ‘deeply inervined with bean history, hasbeen at de forefton of religous thhangein enter Ties lowing the ea of the Caltral Revoition.‘There ar of cours ria lizene as wel 8 Chins authorises maintain adaute temporal ent, Tibetans aren many wast fs conta of teow fare, Thus the new enemies—the Chigese and madecnity are common to ‘mow Tibetans and are clonal ard exile oer, in contast co the largely inea‘Tibetn nature of conics during the cevent and cet cetaie.™ Audion, the conning vitality of rege commana in South Aa renin a anzed alent epecialiygven the cotniedeidence of hy eligi ea above ll the cure Dla Lara in hese eed an exci appendages ‘The. The rhoerc often hea fom Tibetan learn Dhavamala and eit ‘Western soporte echoes thi state of afi, olen ring in a srange iver sion te rea Tibet aot in Tibet armor sine he at aten cre of Te betas is enly maintained in uncomupted form among refuge groups. Leving side the problematic rare of such tetris does spre x poral ese of ‘nadequay alention, snd abandonment that one often encounters in Tibetan asf the Pepi Repub o Chia, att arnong te religious ele "Tha cement he we a how Tibetans ve deal wih the Healy die ‘membered by of Tian and Tie, wich utr ape a ial utes edited che od of moderne, arama, and Ha ingen np tea how have Tibeustursed and massed, che pt in ode cope ‘vith the peal dangerous manienon of ete eure enor verona ‘moder that has 0 abrupt ina every dnecion of hi ve a the presen conet ae xine jut one spect ofthe respnse the renee on {he Te phenomenon snong Nyngra tans aa staton cle sia ‘hat hich rst elcid is hetora anton nthe eleventh ery Pir othe opening of Tet the ouside word inthe ely oa, he Ter movement spe Pred to have become uit nied is eop. In rege comimniie ey fe ‘enowidged Teen rodsced manly wisi tesue, anda fra Tae fart treasres vere almost eay aba, at ope would expe, since the ‘efages cared with than Tibetan bodies bt not the By of Tibet heel ‘was unkown o what etent the Te addon waa in Tibet, atl Howe remy on expeience a Tiet hat evel the etence of vant nl longed Ter movement ta is eergeld a ne ofthe mest power andl rates fr the renewal of wadtonal Tibetan culture among Nyingna ta ‘ins Tibet, Barth sures pla manaaspe in Dl angunge spi fontaine sates, and ua plement ere ducted lage gunn was told one prominent ama, example that Topo a welrknow Ny ‘nga lama, ha shown him alae ches fl of auch edcneies belonging to ‘us rece deceased Banpo sue, Khandeo Khai Wangma The penore- ‘50m cover the fil pecrum om dhe asim to he abs one pot wie 1 \asivingn Sichuat a wel-enown Nyngan, of whom sd ead & ma ber of inns cama fm young women concern is acon tow them, revealed to me everal sates that be cained to have revealed ae Te" vile in prison, An arguably more repectble Tenon i the mle aged,emle emer cee eee eee RE-MEMNERING THE DISMEMBERED BODY OF TIHET gr “Tern Tare Lhamo from Gols, who repre i iter but has revealed & rmber of beau poe Ter “The contemporary Ter movement ths snr in many respects tothe n= ial developmen of Ter inthe eleventh tothe histeeth centary ght dom to (he moteral item taken cut ofthe cvth and the ed yellow manuseins; bol ‘iSonary retrievals lao take place agua the Balop of more mundane re- heres of ancient manuncripsidden or neglected during let ines. I a ‘Gon, tse mevernen geet be facing on the ground is sar ways terms of exabihlng suena and egitim ia the ace of oppressive te porl autores” The role of treasure evens in revving the acred am Scape andl plgiage ses a fandamestal to the reormatin of Tibetan iden- Tiyceaot ony the uniquely Tibetan pas gin ying, but the land {slr is yielding concrete rus nterined wh that past The religous charae- ter of many ofthe shared “emo” that have hii plaed a hey role a ‘oulating collective idensy for Tibetans ena Unt these ations perform a nal role in the reconstruction and remem a thi Men ta time of ‘reme presures flowing slong peo of vse arksae!” Ta may ways dae {ebuiding of sare ses long wth te other rarlfcations of Te sa diet r= pons othe lst of dimensions in Tats rng he Cultural Reveltion, ot thove accurately the cull devattio, eve in Tibet was teed out ‘hte just a physielly the thousand of Ropak and manaseris were T= thced to rubble tering the landscape The Ter movement exende the rots of the peeent not only inthe eanemporsrygoogrpi andsape Dut as in the landscape of Tibet’ remembere past fa dh wa is of unique value in imb ‘ng the present with renter value ane rronaee fo a very unt generation of Tibetans me aes “The potency of Te a Tibetan response to modernity spariualy ees in ‘elation to Khenpo ikphuw’s mpc on some Chinese Nat nly re ere Chie ese monks nal hus eient in his Gloe center und Chines lay Buds p= osially making the long pigrage there, have hear eports of Kenpo li rally being mobbed by Chinese Biddsite or simply che carious seking bis Hogs o teachings Goring vk to Chengd,Lmysl witnessed "wanserence of contlousness” (a a wachings be gave in Daredo which were aended by ‘nary Chinese In Golo beesine fends wil one Chinese moa fom Bejing tho he rejected is fae, a amos gon tases, 0 tay wd Kenpo fk Bun, Thushere finally a'Tietan phenomenon that reves the stand Han ‘dial of “iy, barbaric Tibet” and vases the possibility of an aeeowl- ‘ue cullural superiority alas in some rapes: Kenpo’ rip inthe Le ffs the Wats Movntsns was «major epctce wang ibewns rd Chi= nee, numerous publey ported miracles eelason of Te, and een thing ‘tfture Fr on Chine teretory Taistne sing of gravy y dhe Tex pie ommenon has ocurred with regard to percepsons of refigee Titan religious Commute Tere much ttonger a The proper than in eligee Tibet drsersing he gene eligi around nb wi regard the Fad {ng autonomy nd cols of elage eres. Thus Kenpo fispho' 990 trp lon nd Nepal eid considerable iret among Tica paralel theigpeot ftv that as marked the return prominent eed nmin to Tibet Sine teeny foe "Thee aother aspect of Khenpo iogrepy shai standard for «Tern: controny The longed Tibetan concer fr Bel purity © mer Ua ‘Te adie, ft been a contra ie in the post-Culral Revolution ea ‘Aening he backround of a large cultural foo 08 contin and nage “Tey” Tinea Buddhas an excedngy song fas on egos nee ‘rough an usiyaken continuum of masts athe mesa of valid ransenision of fn tat train. nth lee and wel certs, Ning groups were [Requeny tached as being noe in corp eager that may ave see hen oes be whore pital author oe nd under thos et ha ‘omoded daring the coro the dark period, The tenure thor waste N= Inga mnt potent pone och cic, at ee” inate Bt Pdmasambbavs and other dante period sins nt oly prvi an athe Tage at a could even tobe ore tan ortinay Uae whose nes and purty wa invalyereded bythe ages of temporality nd nar ar The tue of religions neg fall type in moder ‘ibe —inal= tsona, doe ygieeaaed by the ren material deviation, mae eat and deep oil rupures has grated the ncional Teta cancer ‘vis the agi of esa epaciaiy'n it ofeantind kat eal mer ther own soioplical fue Tho eed i he quent clans ae ‘om eles Tibetans that Buh in Tibet as become eiupted, nih Ue pure eigen at populist ao ct eel have oly Ie altel ‘elugee Tibet ‘While Khcapo' revival of Tera ofieda potently potent reponse concerns, conor neil sees theatre Tetn al {hat ones the enearaton ofa fmou eht-ecntary Bare wih spec dee sco re ores of sxpare roquies el elmer wl athe wily {o pronate com so ato onreome estan tach cin (he aero of Tern mary waa av to oncom "The Khe fps Tere ‘on tau bas cause costerable subsume af jean paral nce tie Takeo his leader of movements to purify odes engi easter Tee of breaches of sna ant vow tha ree rig the Ctra Revi by hisconsstent opposition othe patpaizn of var in major tl ere ‘ents or high egos pon This ae ld a leet one rin Tern ‘Nims Ge bom and it iscanected whe eso betwee ay ae pat tiers and moni sng at have ree athe reser of Tibet Buddha. Howes ane earer Ter ovement, which were the eet lene facts refrmise oneal roads give hs proponent ered to be ‘onmenas, noel, and olen gen fo singly aston bev! and car Great Pron movement ich were atc inet {Gn i antacid fon cate gerne, ‘Ehenpo tained Ter nd the Cre Been to el ror, erate ‘Soahand none none Ts kage otal sd eer “Enns ent Te ely tea nbn fil nae ‘She pono of pporng incon tial wrens and carpe ‘Beep Hower ld yee th herd Ter coe a cg natn Utube oment ine luo the Cameo Thets Once ae Ring i eating of ety Tien pur nds ve Chi ‘ee edna end colnlnon spt to rahepe that me geoph and ‘ktrilennfanoctones often nen emerge ie Bus poten athoky abdomen wth Tien he fe fhe Seltgh of mover Th una eran of peonal cama ed ‘Rosny Bua rtnlcn nde sos nicely Tbs a mag ‘Rn and spoutancous manetins of ees ensines a revton “Doreen a ns range ch wl ea oe betwen srt od mg Tea at inn, tino, Chino ry wd Tena ‘Pein The uc ha negrason canbe ec, ample en vw PeoRat teens eet nlc, popu moemens Fe ang “pik poueon, ulate oremenned Heros o Ling that were oy ppc iy alarmed Chinese ator ™ Ra pom of ile etree act and otenpoay Ter he que aon ar of the nthorarin er thi current Tecra pe ‘ges a Beira, and alee for the ment, appear i excend ve ‘he capac ofthe Great Refection to creas a alcbemiea bferzone of or: el megan; nye fare wil el younger Teton may prove ob mre ade ‘enturus i reviving tbe ening yet ee intersection of adc and ‘modernity onc am cers. Ad then, thie magne fue omen e longing bey af telgout Tibet may comple ric fom the desde aga ata roonigued ges wih te eapaciy wl and power a speak wl ‘i dtc yt ranged sic inthe meer ate, FOUR A Pilgrimage of Rebirth Reborn The 1992 Celebration of the Drgung Powoa Cherm Math Katia In Ang og she plage and eval regu techn navn ase Ds tne Rows Chenoa wn reed er» hn 0 heya yar ke cet Sine tepertane Tibetan eligi od ral ederatony wes doa ld oniponce in very ee yea nd cynic darig he Timah cach monkey oa! aso bad bern a corened in 98 ep formar n {968 as roy eee aah on realy al pe ‘Tealoal Tibetan if tht masa the Clr! Rea, then sbi Stile ini the paral tation o ans on regis obverse China, nd above allen he cal waton of Chi’ ios tot yetatrance ficient fo pik the een of an cent ta {his Spee nae on bth xl exearch an and ohecvan ofthe D fing Rove Chenin daring iv rvoa ney Mary and developmen Miigsimage a wimg and xylan fr ou ndevcig the ret plgrage in Tier lose adi the Seman of Te en ince pa ards preaen ‘ginage (avers ng Swe proionty among the charac signin we Thebes seal pro May Trae eard eto be pry eps cine ef ‘there plore enn malate rodeo be mamerun impor temple Tromaseres te vy of iets ase cpa Bere 9 yO Frere amended «pub eainggvesyhe Dla ama doy ‘denon gore reals by the maby gins who aie wit rSlominandy Chis cy The pine who Boke has bing sing The tenes avd moni ran equi eng nde a0 Sane eden ‘Tay nadon wi ore put rego sie, pln RUPE Ty leon imperan Tien comme, beth oaBuddhism in Contemporary Tibet Religious Revival and Cultural Identity Melvyn C. Goldstein Matthew T. Kapstein Ovville Schell UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESSAD Budchismin ‘conte Thoet mn temporary Tet 384 1998 hel ee Care eit Cn eg a "aon Eg Siaty Tage ei f Ciene {len mcoenpny Te gine dca eine Os FRc Hivos fae se Te i Pepe amit tn ne en ef fier Na see et er i ye CONTENTS tt ie Mage i 4: The Rov of Monn Lif a Dep Morstery May tans 4, Re-menbsing he DmesbotBadyo Tet (Contarino Monee The Reps Rep a Cia “aoe 4 Aes of Rebit Rébor: ‘he gp Clam te gang Por hens ‘Mates Tin 1, Ris nd Geral Hetey wre Bn at og W780 6 ConlaingRetetins Mine Toa? 182 ores J 7