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Perspectives on Hydrogen and Fuel cells

developments in Europe:
Programmes, Markets, Public/private Partnerships
Hydrogen 2012 Conference

Fukuoka, Japan
1st February 2012
Paul.lucchese@cea.fr

Who am I ?

Background

Nuclear Engineer, Ecole Centrale de Paris 1983


Advanced research degree (DEA) in applied chemistry
Worked in nuclear industry (now Areva) in thermohydraulics
Then managed 9 years a research laboratory in Thermal spraying (more than
30 publications, patent)

2001-2005 Project manager H2 and FC, biofuels programme,


2005-2010 Programme Director for New Technologies for Energy @CEA

Now: Deputy Scientific Chair of CEA Technological Research Division

External responsabilities:
European level:

N ERGHY Chairman, 2008-2012 European research association on Hydrogen and fuel cell
Governing Board Member of JTI FCH

France:

Vice Chair of AFHYPAC the french plat-form and association on Hydrogen&Fuel Cell

International:

French representative at IEA HIA agreement


French representative at IPHE International partnership on hydrogen economy
Program director of Nato Saharawind project in Morocco and Mauritania
French representative in EU/Latin America partnership on Innovation/Renewables

Alternatives Energies at CEA

Public Research Organization


Defense, Nuclear, Energies, ICT and health
9 research centres, 16 000 people
Annual budget: 3.3 billion , 2200 patents

Chambery
Grenoble

New Energies: 2010 Figures


750 collaborators

400 patents
120 M Budget
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe
Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe


1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK
2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:

Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked
1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?
2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?
3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?
4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase


Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe
Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe


1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, Norway, UK
2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:

Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked
1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?
2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?
3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?
4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase


Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

Climate/Energy package adopted in 2007/2008


TARGETS

Low carbon
technologies

EU leadership in Climate Change Negociation

Tools/Directives
-ETS
-Sharing the effort in non ETS
- Promoting Renewables
- CCS
- CO2 emissions standarts for new cars 130g in 2012

An acceleration since the beginning of the 2000s

Todays in Europe: near 100 GW Wind Energy


Source: Eurostat

SET PLAN STRATEGIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PLAN

OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe
Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe


1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, Norway, UK
2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking: Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked
1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?
2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?
3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?
4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase


Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

A constant effort on Hydrogen and fuel cells R&D

Total expenses in the


world: near 6 B in 2009
25- 35 % public funding
In 2008 25 000 Fuel cells
system ordered
Business Turn over:500
to 1000 M

Source: IEA

Source IEA IPHE, NFCHA


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A COHERENT PROGRAMME IN GERMANY


MAIN DRIVER MOBILITY

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HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL IN UK:


HOW TO MANAGE DEBT REDUCTION AND INNOVATION ,

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Flexible plug-in hybrid, 30kW Intelligent Energy PEM FC,


14kWh Li-Polymer battery, regen breaking, 100kW emotor
A fleet of 20 iconic British taxis are being planned for use
in London in 2012 as High Profile assets
The taxi has zero emissions, can cruise at over 80 mph and
has a range of about 250 miles
Energy consumption less than diesel or battery versions
on the London taxi drive cycle*
Well-to-wheel energy consumption**

12

12

10

10

WTW Energy consumption


MJ/km (MJ/km)

WTW Energy consumption (MJ/km)

A glimpse of the future: Hybrid FC London taxi

8,00
4

8,00
4

1,28
0

1,78

3,15
1,28

TTW

TTW

WTT

WTT

1,78
2,52

2,52
2,30

2,30

3,15
1,69

1,69
1,67

1,67

ICE diesel: D

ICE
EV:
diesel:
E(A) D
Diesel

HEV-FC:
EV: E(A)
NG (A) PHEV-FC:
HEV-FC:
E (A)
NG
&(A)
NG (A)
PHEV-FC: E (A) & NG (A)
Battery
Fuel
cell

*PCO-Cenex London Taxi Drive Cycle, **DTEA, Instituto Superior Tcnico, Lisbon

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13

France: A new Association and Platform AFHYPAC


Chaired by Marianne Julien from Air Liquide

A governemental French Road map by


Ademe since 2011, available on www.ademe.fr

Two call for proposals in 2011 in the frame


of the Investment for the future Plan (35 B on
5 years, on which Energy Part: 6 B):
A first call, launched 6th may 2011,
focussed on Stationnary, early markets,
and Renewable/hydrogen coupling
projects, estimation of public budget 100
M
A second published in early 2012 focussed
on future mobility technologies

A stronger involvment of French governement


through Energy and industry Directorate
Priority: promote SME, Create Jobs in
France
High level of R&D program, development on
system and niches markets

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2020 french vision for HFC:4+1 pillars


PEUGEOT 307
EPURE

Pillar 11::convergence
Pilier
Hydrogen/renewables
hydrogne
Convergence
et nergies
renouvelables
Hydrogen by RE
lhydrogne par les EnR ,
Hydrogen for RE
lhydrogne pour les EnR

Pilllar22: :lectro
Pilier
electro - mobility
mobilit de
nouvelle gnration
EXTEND
the
llargissement
des marchs
markets of electric
mobility
du vhicule
lectrique
Range Extender

Pilier
Pillar 5 : mesures
cross cutting
transversales
issues
and public incentives
daccompagnement
de la filire
Codes&standards
Pilier
hydrogne
au
Pillar33::piles
Fuel et
cells
and hydrogen
for a de
sustainable
city
service
la ville durable
and Hydrogen
Fuel
piles cells
et hydrogne
au cur des
inside
eco-cities
co - quartiers
et des rseaux
etnergtiques
part of smart intelligents
grids

Pilier
: hydrogne
piles,
Pillar
4 : 4Fuel
cells andet
Hydrogen
vecteurs
de croissance
for international
market
internationale
Export

Exporter
les technologies
future technologies
for energy
nergtiques de demain

15

EC strongly support for FC & H2 R&D since 10 years

Industry

470

EC

16

FCH JU: european private/public partnership of 940 M


a success Story!!!

* New European Research Grouping on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen


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Strong commitment from Industry

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European research grouping


N.ERGHY 66 Members 20 Countries
Geographical Member Distribution
June 2011

Totalling: 67 members

SINTEF
NTNU
Univ. Of
Uppsala

~ 250 M

TKK
VTT

IFE
KTH

>2000 researchers
WaRE
UKERC

Univ. Bordeaux 1
TECNALIA
CIDETEC

DTU

Next
Energie

Belgium
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Norway
Czech Republic
Poland
Denmark
Portugal
Finland
Romania
France
Spain
Germany
Sweden
Greece
Switzerland
Italy
Turkey
Israel
UK

LEI
HZG

Inst. Energetyki
FZJ
CUTEC NRI Rez
DLR
FZK
INERIS, IFP CNRS
IM Mainz
ICT
CEA
Univ.
ZSW
Eifer
Nancy
M.I.N.E.S
EMPA PSI

Fundacion ITMA

Univ. Poitiers

Univ. Montpellier 2

Fundacion Cidaut
CIEMAT
INTA
LNEG

CENER
Hidrogeno
Aragon
IREC
AIJU

IMDEA Energia
CNH2

Univ. Alicante

FBK
Univ. Perugia
CNR
Univ. Salerno

Univ. Turin
ENEA
Politecnic
Univ. Turin

Univ. Genoa

ICIT
UNIDO-ICHET
BH2Society

CPERI

Univ. Romela Sapienza


Univ. RomeTor Vergata

Tbitak
FORTH

CRES

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N.ERGHY members

20

FCH JU targets intergrated in SET Plan

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FCH JU

Early
Markets
(1214%)

Stationary
Power
(34-37%) &
Generation
CHP

Cross-Cutting
Activities
(6-8%)

Multi Annual Implementation Plan

Transportation & Refuelling


Infrastructure
(32-36%)

Hydrogen
Production &
(10Distribution
12%)

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2008 call project: H2moves Scandinavia

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Call 2009 project: CHIC

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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe
Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe


1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK
2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:

Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked
1. What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?
2. What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?
3. What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?
4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase


Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix

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Future is Electro Mobility


Electro Mobility
Drive train options (e.g. HEV, PHEV,
Range Extender, )

Battery
Technology

Fuel Cells
& Hydrogen

Infrastructure

26

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FCV are mandatory to reach GHG target and transportation sector


decarbonization (-95%) at 2050

System cost

Since Mac Kinsey Study, we


know that:
TCO are the same for all future technologies
FCV assume 70 % of the solution CO2
reduction in terms of mileage
There is huge financial gap for the first
years for vehicles and Hydrogen
infrastructure deployment

EV

EV is
advantageous
FCV

FCV is
advantageous

Cruising range

Main issues to adress:


Financing the gap for the introduction phase
of vehicles and also of infrastructure
deployment
transition to clean hydrogen production
Coordination and coherence at European
level
Public acceptability
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European Industry want to reach all markets in 2020

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But 80 % of the effort is ahead


2014-2020 will be the critical period of introduction
Create new mechanisms
-a new JTI 2.0
- A Fundamental Research programme
-commitment from European member
states programmes
-reimbursable grants for first markets

29

Create new business for Hydrogen produced


from electricity in excess from wind at low costs

Intermittent characteristic
of wind in Spain

Order of magnitude
for storage needs
From 10 000 MWh
to X 100 000 MWh

If use of 5 % devoted to Hydrogen production from


a 100 GW Wind parkdun parc de 100 GW
Additional costs
>>> 40 TWh of additional electricity
600 000T Hydrogen
Could supply 5 millions cars/year
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But a part of the solution could be New Business cases for Hydrogen
How to increase the penetration rate of renewables in a
energy mix ?
Mixing with natural gas for
transports, NG network etc.

New uses of CO2 free H2 in


Industry

Hydrogen for fuel cells cars


Hydrogen
from electricity in Excess
from renewables

Replacement of Existing CO2- H2


In industry
60Mt H2 today are produced from Fossils fuels for Amonia and
petrochemical
Emitting near 500 MT CO2 2 % world Emissions

Storage and re injection of


electricity in the grid
(H2 Turbines, Fuel cells)
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Replacing existing hydrogen production by CO2 free processes


for existing market and for new ones
SYNFUELS
from coal, Natural
gas,
oil waste lignite
CO2
biomass
XTL
BTL
5 % of world oil
production (5m B/d)

Water
electric furnace
Oxygen, Cl

7-10%
World CO2

Iron steel industry


Cement
Phosphates 5%
industry World CO2
Using Conventionnal technologies
producing 5 Mb/day in Alberta
will produce 300 MT Additinal CO2
(50 % of Canada Emissions)

Driver CO2
CO2 price key
Challenge: H2 production cost

32

Europe has a very good NG grid


Europe is on North of large solar resources
Indicative costs for potential new sources
of gas delivered to Europe, 2020 ($/MBtu)

33

Do we have to choose between Debt and Climate Change ?

34

Key element: future of CO2 price

?
Hydrogen

Source: IEA

35

OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Energy policy in Europe
Main drivers of the European Climate/Energy policy

2. Main Hydrogen and Fuel cells programme in Europe


1. Examples of national programme: Germany, France, UK
2. European FCH JU (JTI): Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:

Description and results

1. What are next steps: 2014-2020 and beyond: Hydrogen and renewables are strongly linked
1.
2.
3.
4.

What are the Needs for an european Plan for Hydrogen cars infrastucture deployment ?
What are the Needs to develop Hydrogen for a larger integration of Renewables ?
What could be the impact of economic and budget debt crisis ?
What is needed at international level to sustain Hydrogen development

4. Conclusions: Towards an Smart Energy Grid

Hydrogen as a bridge between Energies, a bridge for the transition phase


Hydrogen as a second key energy carrier for a sustainable energy mix
36

Conclusions/recommendations
We know Hydrogen and Fuel cell economy are feasible but only a few policy
makers and industry know that
The crisis of debt will sharpen the competition for public incentives
We need to develop and share at international level the evaluation studies and to
influence policy maker
Demonstrate that FCV/H2 will be competitive
Work on economics and business cases on coupling Hydrogen and renewables: nothing is done
IPHE workshop in Sevilla, Spain 15 november 2012
Promote policy measures, rules

More cooperation is needed through international framework to share and


promote these works and studies
IPHE, IEA, IRENA

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Conclusion: Hydrogen could be a bridge in Europe

Between past, present and future

Between energies: fossils, renewables & nuclear

Between European Countries:


one key element of an European energy policy

Between European Union and eastern and southern countries


and Mediterranean ring

Besides Electricity, Hydrogen is the second


universal energy carrier associated to efficient
and sustainable technologies

to participate to a Smart Energy Grid system :


Gas, Electricity, heat plus ICT

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The first Dream: Jules Verne 1874

Je crois que leau sera un jour employe


comme combustible, que lhydrogne et
loxygne, qui la constituent, utiliss isolment
ou simultanment, fourniront une source de
chaleur et de lumire inpuisables et d'une
intensit que la houille ne saurait avoir.
Jules Verne, Lle mystrieuse (1874)
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Thank you for your attention

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