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Defining Firewalls
A firewall prevents undesirable traffic from entering
prescribed areas within a network.
A firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces
an access control policy between networks. For
example:
A packet filtering router
A switch with two VLANs
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Limitations
If misconfigured, can have serious consequences, such as single point of
failure.
The data from many applications cannot be passed over firewalls securely.
Users might proactively search for ways around the firewall to receive blocked
material, exposing the network to potential attack.
Types of Firewalls
Firewall Types
Packet filtering firewall - Typically is a router with the
capability to filter some packet content, such as Layer 3
and sometimes Layer 4 information.
Stateful firewall - Monitors the state of connections,
whether the connection is in an initiation, data transfer, or
termination state.
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Types of Firewalls
Destination IP address
Protocol
Source port number
Destination port number
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Types of Firewalls
Stateful Firewalls
Stateful firewalls are the most versatile and the most common
firewall technologies in use.
Stateful filtering tracks each connection traversing all interfaces
of the firewall and confirms that they are valid. The firewall
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Types of Firewalls
Stateful firewalls operate mainly at the transport (TCP and UDP) layer.
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