PRECAST

CONCRETE
PIPES
Aveng Manufacturing Infraset
pipes bear the SANS mark and are
designed, manufactured and tested
in accordance with SANS 677.

Technical Data

Introduction
Aveng Manufacturing Infraset manufactures
reinforced concrete pipes using two well-known
production processes: roller suspension and
automated vertical casting using high strength,
high durability concrete. Both these processes
are used worldwide and are acknowledged to be
ideal for concrete pipe manufacturing.
All the manufacturing processes are done
under carefully controlled conditions using advanced
technology and equipment. These processes provide
flexibility for the manufacturing of tailormade wall
thicknesses for special load and strength requirements.
If corrosion problems are anticipated, Aveng
Manufacturing Infraset has several methods of
prolonging the life of the concrete pipe. The
substitution of the siliceous aggregates with
calcareous aggregates results in the extended life
of the concrete pipe. An HDPE liner can alternatively
be added to the bore of the pipe to prevent the
sulphuric acids from coming into contact with the
concrete surface.

The sewer and irrigation (SI) pipes are manufactured using dolomitic aggregates and have a
watertight Spigot and Socket or In-the-Wall joint.
Sewer pipes with a sacrificial layer (WSL) are
manufactured to the SABS 1200 LD requirements
with an additional 15mm cover for pipes ranging
from 300 to 1050 and 20mm for pipes 1200
1800. T2 and T4 pressure pipes, tested to 2 and
4 bar respectively are available on request.
Spigot and Socket and In-the-Wall joint pipes are
joined and sealed using either a rolling rubber or a
sliding rubber ring respectively. The sliding rubber
ring is installed using a soft soap lubricant.

Types of joints

Interlocking Ogee Joint

Spigot & Socket Joint

CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES
Types of pipe
Aveng Manufacturing Infraset offers a large range
of pipes readily available in nominal lengths of 2.5m
and also half-lengths on special arrangement.
Pipes ranging from 300 to 1800 with Interlocking
ogee joints, 300 to 1800 pipes with Spigot and
Socket joints and 900 to 1800 pipes with
In-the-Wall joints are all produced in three strength
classes.
Jacking pipes are manufactured only in class
100D and vary in size from 840 to 2500.
Stronger pipes capable of carrying higher D-loads
are manufactured on request.
All Aveng Manufacturing Infraset pipes bear the
SANS mark and are designed, manufactured and
tested in accordance with SANS 677.
SC (Stormwater Culvert) pipes are manufactured
with a non-watertight, interlocking ogee joint.

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Butt Joint

In-the-Wall Joint

Strength of pipes
Two strength tests are done on Aveng Manufacturing
Infraset pipes. The first is a crushing test on both the
SC and SI pipes, and the second is a hydraulic
pressure test only on the SI pipes. The two edgebearing crushing test is done to a proof load and
also to an ultimate load 25% greater than the
proof load. The proof load is determined by the
class of pipe multiplied by the nominal diameter
of the pipe. The proof load test can be defined as
a line load that a pipe must resist without the
development of crack widths exceeding 0.25mm
over a length of more than 300mm. The ultimate
load is the maximum line load that the pipe must
support in the same test.

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Technical Data

Load classifications

Installation conditions

Class of Pipe

Proof Load

Ultimate Load

50D

50 x D

50 x D x 1.25

75D

75 x D

75 x D x 1.25

100D

100 x D

100 x D x 1.25

Wolf

ACSR

18.13

Note: D = Nominal Diameter in metres.

Bear
ACSR
23.45
Example: A 1500mm 75D pipe must resist:
10.23
7/3.35
Proof Load = 75 xSteel
1.5 = 113 kN/m
7/4.0
Ultimate Load = 75
x 1.5 x 1.25 = 140 12.24
kN/m
Steel
All SI pipes
are tested to 1,4 bar
if the pipe
19/2.65
Steeland passes the test
13.55
withstands the pressure for at least two minutes without any
sign of leakage.

Embankment condition: Class C

Trench condition occurs when the pipe is placed in a trench

Total strands
then backfilled with suitable
0.149
13.2
7
material.

Weight per m
Ultimate tensile
cut
into natural ground
(kg/m)
strengthlevel
(kN) and

0.255

21.8

Trench
condition: Class
B
0.425
36.0

7
7

0.726

69.2

37

1.213

111.1

37

0.496

67.9

0.712

96.8

0.849

114

19

The following tables give the pipe strength requirements in terms of D-Loads for pipes laid in a trench condition, with trench widths
as per SANS 1200DB, and in embankment condition, both with NB36 traffic loading. These tables meet the D-Load requirements
for general site conditions.

Loads on pipes
Working loads on pipes consist of primary and secondary
loads. The primary loads that the pipes must carry are; the
mass of earth fill above the pipe, traffic loading and internal
pressures. The secondary loads result from soil movement and
temperature effects that influence the pipe line. These secondary
loads are accommodated by the flexible pipe joints.
Earth loads are determined using the Marston and Spangler
theory and are dependant upon the type of installation, type of
backfill material and height of fill. The two installation conditions
are trench and embankment.
Traffic loads are dependant upon the wheel loads, spacing
and contact areas, and the distribution of these through the fill.
The standard traffic loads applicable to national highways are
given in the TMH7: Code of practice for the design of highway
bridges and culverts in South Africa. Aveng Manufacturing
Infraset pipes are designed for a NB36 load, which equals
an axle load of 360 kN or a 90 kN wheel load. The effective
contact area of the load is a square of size 0.3m x 0.3m.
Bedding factor refers to the amount by which the bedding
enhances the load-carrying capacity of the pipe. The bedding
factor is defined as the ratio between the supporting strength
of the buried pipe to the strength of the pipe as determined
in the two-edge bearing test. The bedding of a pipe consists
of a cradle of granular material underneath the pipe, which
supports it and transfers the load to the foundation. Bedding
factors are divided into four classes and are determined by the
angle of support and type of the bedding material.

Standard bedding classes and factors

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Trench condition: Class C

In the embankment condition the pipe is installed at ground

level and is backfilled with suitable material.

2.8

3.8

Bedding
Angle
120

13.2

2.0

2.5

180

21.8

1.5

2.0

90

36.0

1.1

N/A

Bear

ACSR

23.45

1.213

111.1

37

7/3.35

Steel

10.23

0.496

67.9

7/4.0

Steel

12.24

0.712

96.8

19/2.65

Steel

13.55

0.849

114

19

Class

Trench

Embankment

69.2 angle
Bedding

7
37

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