NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

14

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

on

23

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This NCCI gives the expression of the elastic critical moment for doubly symmetric crosssections. Values of the factors involved in the calculation are given for common cases. For
a beam under a uniformly distributed load with end moments or a concentrated load at
mid-span with end moments, the values for the factors are given in graphs.

General

2.

Method for doubly symmetric sections

3.

C1 and C2 factors

4.

References

2
2
4
12

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py
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1.

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Contents

Page 1

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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General

14

1.

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For doubly symmetric cross-sections, the elastic critical moment Mcr may be calculated by the
method given in paragraph 2.

on

23

For cases not covered by the method given in paragraph 2, the elastic critical moment may be
determined by a buckling analysis of the beam provided that the calculation accounts for all
the parameters liable to affect the value of Mcr :

.co
m

geometry of the cross-section

warping rigidity

ail

position of the transverse loading with regard to the shear centre

gm

restraint conditions

icv

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The LTBeam software is specific software for the calculation of the critical moment Mcr. It
may be downloaded free of charge from the following web site:

er

ov

http://www.cticm.com

Method for doubly symmetric sections

ra

np

2.

to

go

The method given hereafter only applies to uniform straight members for which the crosssection is symmetric about the bending plane.

ed

The conditions of restraint at each end are at least :

ice
ns

restrained against lateral movement

restrained against rotation about the longitudinal axis

ria

l. L

The elastic critical moment may be calculated from the following formula derived from the
buckling theory :

2 EI z k I w kL GI t

2

M cr C1
2
C2 zg C2 zg
2
kL k w I z EI z

at
e

is the shear modulus (G = 80770 N/mm2)

Co

is the Young modulus (E = 210000 N/mm2)

py
rig

ht

where

ed

(1)

Iz

is the second moment of area about the weak axis

It

is the torsion constant

Iw

is the warping constant

Page 2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

is the beam length between points which have lateral restraint

23

Note : for doubly symmetric sections, the shear centre coincides with the centroid.

/2 0

is the distance between the point of load application and the shear centre.

/0 1

zg

14

k and kw are effective length factors

on

C1 and C2 are coefficients depending on the loading and end restraint conditions (see 3).

ail

.co
m

The factor k refers to end rotation on plan. It is analogous to the ratio of the buckling length to
the system length for a compression member. k should be taken as not less than 1,0 unless less
than 1,0 can be justified.

a@

gm

The factor kw refers to end warping. Unless special provision for warping fixity is made, kw
should be taken as 1,0.

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icv

In the general case zg is positive for loads acting towards the shear centre from their point of
application (Figure 2.1).

to

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ns

ed

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np

zg < 0

l. L

zg > 0

Point of application of the transverse load

Co

py
rig

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Figure 2.1

Page 3

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

L2GI t
2
C2 zg C2 zg
2
EI z

/0 1

I z

(2)

on

L2

23

2 EI z I w

M cr C1

/2 0

14

In the common case of normal support conditions at the ends (fork supports), k and kw are
taken equal to 1.

ail

(3)

icv

a@

L2

I w L2GI t

I z 2 EI z

gm

2 EI z

M cr C1

.co
m

When the bending moment diagram is linear along a segment of a member delimited by
lateral restraints, or when the transverse load is applied in the shear centre, C2 zg = 0. The
latter expression should be simplified as follows :

ov

For doubly symmetric I-profiles, the warping constant Iw may be calculated as follows :

I h t f
Iw z
4

(4)

np

er

go

ra

where
is the total depth of the cross-section

tf

is the flange thickness

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to

C1 and C2 factors

3.1

General

l. L

3.

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The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :

section properties,

ed

support conditions,

py
rig

ht

moment diagram
It can be demonstrated that the C1 and C2 factors depend on the ratio :
EI w

Co

GI t L2

(5)

The values given in this document have been calculated with the assumption that = 0. This
assumption leads to conservative values of C1.

Page 4

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

3.2

Member with end moments only

on

23

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14

The factor C1 may be determined from Table 3.1 for a member with end moment loading.

.co
m

gm

ail

-1 +1

Member with end moments

Table 3.1

Values of C1 for end moment loading (for k = 1)

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Figure 3.1

C1

+1,00

1,00

+0,75

1,14

+0,50

1,31

+0,25

1,52

0,00

1,77

-0,25

2,05

-0,50

2,33

ria

l. L

ice
ns

ed

to

go

ra

np

at
e

-0,75

2,55

Co

py
rig

ht

ed

-1,00

2,57

Page 5

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

3.3

Member with transverse loading

/0 1

/2 0

14

Table 3.2 gives values of C1 and C2 for some cases of a member with transverse loading,

Bending moment diagram

C1

C2

on

Loading and support

conditions

23

Values of factors C1 and C2 for cases with transverse loading (for k = 1)

.co
m

Table 3.2

0,454

2,578

1,554

1,348

0,630

1,683

1,645

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gm

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1,127

Member with end moments and transverse loading

ice
ns

3.4

ed

to

Note : the critical moment Mcr is calculated for the section with the maximal moment along the member

l. L

For combined loading of end moments and transverse loads as shown in Figure 3.2, values of
C1 and C2 may be obtained from the curves given hereafter. Two cases are considered:

at
e

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Case a) end moments with a uniformly distributed load

Case b) end moments with a concentrated load at mid-span

ed

The moment distribution may be defined using two parameters :

py
rig

ht

is the ratio of end moments. By definition, M is the maximum end moment, and so :
-1 1 ( = 1 for a uniform moment)

Co

is the ratio of the moment due to transverse load to the maximum end moment M
Case a)

qL2
8M

Page 6

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

14

FL
4M

/2 0

Case b)

/0 1

Sign convention for :

if M and the transverse load (q or F), each supposed acting alone, bend the
beam in the same direction (e.g. as shown in the figure below)

<0

otherwise

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on

23

>0

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gm

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The values of C1 and C2 have been determined for k = 1 and kw = 1.

L
(b)

np

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L
(a)

End moments with a transverse load

Co

py
rig

ht

ed

at
e

ria

l. L

ice
ns

ed

to

go

ra

Figure 3.2

Page 7

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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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3.0

/0 1

/2 0

C1

on

23

2.5

.co
m

2.0

gm

0,1

0,2

0,3

ail

1.5

1.4
0,4
0,5

a@

0,6
1.3

0,7
0,8
1

icv

1,2

1.2

1,5

1.0
-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.8

>0

to

go

ra

0.6

np

-1

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1.1

-1,1

ed

5.0

C1

-0,9

ice
ns

4.5

-1

4.0

l. L

3.5

-0,8

-0,7

-0,6

-0,5

ria

3.0

-0,4
-0,3

at
e

2.5

ed

1.5

1.0

-1,4

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1,6
-1,7
-1,8

0.2

0.4
M

0.6

0.8

<0

Co

py
rig

-1,5

-2

ht

-1

-1,3

-0,1

2.0

-1,2

-0,2

Figure 3.3

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C1

Page 8

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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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/2 0

0.5

/0 1

C2
0.4

23

2
1,5

on

1,2

0.3

0,9
0,8

0,7

.co
m

0,6
0,5

0.2

0,4

ail

0,3
0,2

gm

0.1

a@

0,1

0.0
-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

np

er

>0

0.8

ov

0.6

icv

-1

ra

2.5

-1,2

go

C2

-1,1

to

2.0

ed

-1,6
-1,3

-0,8

-1,8
-2

at
e

0.0
-0.8

-0.6

-1

py
rig

ht

ed

Co

Figure 3.4

-0,7
-0,6
-0,5

ria

0.5

-1,5
-1,7

l. L

1.0

-1,4

-0,9

ice
ns

1.5

-1

-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

<0

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C2

Page 9

14

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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/2 0

3.0

/0 1

C1

on

23

2.5

.co
m

2.0

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

1.4

gm

0,6

ail

1.5

a@

0,7

0,8
1.3
2

icv

1,5
0,9

1,2
1

1.1

er

ov

1.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

to

go

>0

ed

0.2

ra

-1

0,2
0,1

np

1.0

ice
ns

4.0

C1

-1,1
-0,9

-0,7
-0,6

at
e

-0,5
-0,4

-1,5

-0,2

-1,6

-0,1

-1,7

-1,8

ed

2.0

-1,3
-1,4

-0,3

2.5

-2

py
rig

ht

1.5

-0,8

ria

3.0

-1,2

-1

l. L

3.5

1.0

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

Co

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

<0
Figure 3.5

End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C1

Page 10

14

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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0.5

C2

/2 0

0.4

/0 1

2
1,5

23

1,2
1
0,9
0,8

0.3

on

0,7
0,6

.co
m

0,5
0.2

0,4

ail

0,3

gm

0,2

0.1

0,1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

er

>0

np

0.8

ov

0.6

icv

-1

a@

0.0

ra

2.5

go

C2

to

2.0

-1,2

-1,4
-1,6

-1,3

-1,8

-1,5

ed

-1,7
-2

ice
ns

1.5

-0,9
-0,8

l. L

1.0

-0,7
-0,6
-0,5

at
e

ria

0.5

0.0
-0.8

-0.6

-1

-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

py
rig

ht

ed

-1,1
-1

Co

Figure 3.6

<0

End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C2

Page 11

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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ENV 1993-1-1

/2 0

References

14

4.

23

/0 1

Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures Part 1.1 : General rules and rules for buildings.
European Committee for Standardisation.

Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J. M.

.co
m

on

Theory of elastic stability. 2nd Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. 1961.

Djalaly, H.

Gala, Y.

gm

ail

Calcul de la rsistance ultime au dversement dans le cas de la flexion dvie. Revue

Construction Mtallique n3-1974. CTICM.

Co

py
rig

ht

ed

at
e

ria

l. L

ice
ns

ed

to

go

ra

np

er

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icv

a@

Dversement lastique dune poutre section bi-symtrique soumise des moments dextrmit
et une charge repartee ou concentre. Revue Construction Mtallique n2-2002. CTICM.

Page 12

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

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/0 1

/2 0

14

Quality Record

RESOURCE TITLE

23

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

on

Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Company

Created by

Alain Bureau

CTICM

Technical content checked by

Yvan Gala

CTICM

Editorial content checked by

D C Iles

SCI

Date

2/3/05

SCI

1/3/05

CTICM

1/3/05

SBI

1/3/05

RWTH

1/3/05

Labein

1/3/05

SCI

21/4/06

G W Owens

2. France

A Bureau

3. Sweden

A Olsson

4. Germany

C Mueller

5. Spain

J Chica

go

ra

np

er

ov

1. UK

Resource approved by Technical

Coordinator

icv

a@

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:

gm

ail

.co
m

Name

to

G W Owens

ed

TRANSLATED DOCUMENT

ice
ns

This Translation made and checked by:

l. L

Translated resource approved by:

Co

py
rig

ht

ed

at
e

ria

Corrigendum 2010-10-12: Figure 3.4 Labels corrected (for curves 1.1 to 1.9)

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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

SN003b-EN-EU

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

23

Title*

/0 1

/2 0

14

Wrapper Information

on

Series

This NCCI gives the expression of the elastic critical moment for doubly symmetric crosssections. Values of the factors involved in the calculation are given for common cases. For a
beam under a uniformly distributed load with end moments or a concentrat

Access Level*

Expertise

Identifiers*

Filename

ail

.co
m

Description*

gm

P:\CMP\CMP554\Finalization\SN files\003\SN003b-EN-EU.doc

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Category*

a@

Microsoft Office Word; 14 Pages; 1400kb;

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Multi-storey buildings;

Dates

Created Date

12/10/2010

Last Modified Date

Checked Date
Valid From
Valid To

03/02/2005

Author
Checked By

Alain Bureau, CTICM

Yvan Gala, CTICM

er

np

ra
go

ice
ns

ed

to

Language(s)*
Contacts

ov

Subject*

l. L

Approved by
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Last Modified By

Lateral Torsional Buckling

See Also

Eurocode Reference

at
e

ria

Keywords*

Worked Example(s)

ed

Commentary

py
rig

ht

Discussion

Coverage

Other

National Applicability

Co

Special
Instructions

Page 14