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Struktur Beton 2
Slender Columns
dan P-delta effect
Po
Po,max
(Pb,Mb)
Tn
Slender Columns
P
Me=Pe
A
e
M=Pe
Short column
Interaction
diagram
Short column
Me=Pe
Me=Pe
Mc=P(e+)
Mc=P(e+)
P
Load-maximum
Moment curve
Material failure
e
L
A
M=Pe
Sjahril A. Rahim
Departemen Teknik Sipil FTUI
2015
Material Failure
Stability failure
(Pb,Mb)
Load-maximum
Moment curve
Mode of Failure
Short column:
Load-moment curve: O-A, Me=Pe
Material failure
Intermediate column:
Load-moment curve: O-B, Mc=P(e+)
Reduction of failure load
Material failure
Long column:
Load-moment curve: O-C, Mc=P(e+), unstable
M/P Stability failure
Slenderness
Short Column: klu/r 34-12M1b/M2b
klu/r 22
Medium Column: Metode pembesaran
moment
Long Column: klu/r > 100 Second order
analysis
PC
t
P > Pb
P < Pb
M
EI
Axial load, P
Moment, M
Loading history
D
A
Failure
PA > 0.70 PD
PA
t
PC
Axial load, P
PA
Loading history
D
Failure
Curvature ,
Moment-Curvature diagrams for a column cross section
Moment, M
Moment, M
Radius of gyration
1 3
bh
12
A bh
Ix
rx
Ix
rx 0.288 h 0.3h
A
Ix Iy
D 4
64
D 2
4
I
rx x rx ry 0.25 D
A
A
rx
ry
Ix
A
Iy
A
Slender columns
Klu
lu
lu
lu
lu
Klu
Inflection points
(a) Braced
Buckled shape of
column is shown by
dashed line
P
L
0.50
0.70
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
Recommended design
value when ideal condi 0.65
tions are approximate
0.80
1.2
1.0
2.10
2.0
Theoritical K value
Effective length factors for idealized column end conditions. Courtesy the
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
(b) Unbraced
0,7L<kL<L
kL>2L
(a) Braced Frame, hinged base (b) Unbraced Frame, hinge based
P
P
P
P
L
0,5L<kL<0,7L
L<kL<2L
EI / l
EI / l
c
of columns
of beams
20 m
20
K 0.9 1 m
for
m 2
Loading
for
Response
Model
m 2
Stiffness
Cracking
Pc
2 EI
(klu ) 2
M1b
M1b
P
M=Pe
M
P
M2b
Single curvature
M2b
Double curvature
P
P- effect
M=P(e+)
-1M1/M20
2 EI
Pc
( Klu ) 2
0.2 Ec I g E s I se
EI
1 d
0.4 Ec I g
EI
1 d
Double curvature
d= 1.2PDL/(1.2PDL+1.6PLL)
Note: (1) Jika Pu >0.75Pc, ns akan bernilai negative, kolom berada
dalam kondisi unstabel
(2) Jika ns > 2.0 perbesar ukuran kolom, karena perhitungan
menjadi sangat sensitif terhadap asumsi yang dibuat.
0M1/M21
M1 < M2
-1M1/M20
10
Braced frames
Example-nonsway column
Struktur beton 2
Sjahril A. Rahim
PD 556
kN
MD 142
PL 498
ML 130
b 350
h 550
fc 28
kN m
kN
kN m
mm
mm
MPa
fy 400
MPa
lu 4.50
11
Step-step penyelesaian:
(1) Hitung beban ultimate yang diperlukan:
3
Pu 1.2 PD 1.6 PL
Pu 1.464 10
Mu 1.2 MD 1.6 ML
kN
Mu 378.4
kN m
Jari-jari inersia
kelangsingan
r
K lu
r
K 1
1
3
b h
12
(conservative)
b h
1000
kelangsingan 28.343
M1b Mu
A
M2b Mu
Batas 34 12
M1b
M2b
Ma
Ma
Batas 22
lc
Mb
B
Cm 0.6 0.4
M1b
Cm 1
M2b
Pn
Ec 2.487 10
Mn
Ig
12
Pn 2.252 10
b Mu
Mn 643.545
Momen inersia:
1
Pu
Ec 4700 fc
b h
Ig 4.853 10
As 2580
As As
mm2
d 63
mm
Ise 2 As
Ise 2.319 10
1.2 PD
EI
d 0.456
1.2 PD 1.6 PL
Es 200000
MPa
0.2 Ec Ig Es Ise
13
EI 4.844 10
1 d
Hitung besarnya Euler bucling load:
2
EI
Pc
(K lu 1000)
Pc 2.361 10
b
1
Pu 1000
b 1.105
Pc
12
13
Members
Service State
Ultimate State
Beams
0,50 Ec Ig
0,35 Ec Ig
Columns
1,00 Ec Ig
0,70 Ec Ig
Uncracking
1,00 Ec Ig
0,70 Ec Ig
Cracking
0,50 Ec Ig
0,35 Ec Ig
Flat Plate
0,35 Ec Ig
0,25 Ec Ig
Area
1,0 Ag
1,0 Ag
Walls
Foundation rotation:
* ACI318-08
1,4 times the stiffness used for analysis under factored lateral load, ACI318-08 Chapter 8.8
ACI318-08 Chapter 10.11
14
15
Mb = FEH +Pg
F
Pg
ui
wi u i
hi
i-1
i
i-1
w i u i /h i
w i u i /h i
4
3
2
1
Lateral Force, F
FE
Level
N
FE
Mb
y
Displacement
16
M1
M1
M2
M2
sMs
Direct P- analysis
Momen pada frame proportional langsung dengan defleksi, second order
moment:
M sMs
lc
Mo
1 ( Pu ) o /(Vu lc )
P
u
Vu lc
( Pu ) o
1
Vu lc
sM s
Ms
Ms
1 Q
17
dengan Pu= Jumlah beban aksial berfaktor untuk semua kolom pada
tingkat yang ditinjau
2 EI
P (Klu)
c
EI
EI
0,2 Ec I g Es I se
1 d
0,4 Ec I g
1 d
d
Ms
sM s
1
Pu
Ms
0,75 Pc
M 1 M 1ns s M 1s
M 2 M 2ns s M 2 s
dimana M2 > M1
1 2
1
2
3
Deflection
M/Pnoh
Moments
18
M c ns M 2
dimana
ns
1
Pc
EI
EI
Cm
1.0
Pu
0.75Pc
2 EI
( Kl u ) 2
0.2Ec I g Es I se
1 d
0 .4 E c I g
1 d
19