POMPA HIDROLIK

Selecting the hydraulic pump, in a order to obtain the most out of the
hydraulic system, requires the analyzing of several important factors such as pump
speed, system pressure, hydraulic to be used, temperature, life expectancy, price,
and variable or fixed displacement. Once the pump has been selected careful
attention should be paid to the installation to be sure that it does not detract from
the performance or life the pump. Such things as alignment of the pump and motor,
filtration, design of reservoir, fluid used, relief protection, maintaining of proper fluid
temperature, and proper start-up and stop procedure should be adhered to. There
are no short cuts for getting the most out of your hydraulic system.

INTRODUCTION
Selecting the hydraulic pump in order to obtain the most out of the hydraulic
system is not as easy as it may at first seem because of the various types of pumps
on the market today. Some of the most common pumps are the reciprocating pump,
external gear pump, internal gear pump, screw pump, vane pump, radial piston
pump, axial piston pump and centrifugal pump. Some of these designs, such as the
axial and radial piston and vane pumps, are also available as a variable
displacement pump. With the variety of pumps available, how then does the design
engineer know which pump is the best suited for his particular application? The
proper design of a hydraulic power unit and the installation of the pump is just as
important as analyzing the factors involved in selecting the hydraulic pump. If the
design of the installation is not correct, then it will not be possible to obtain the
most out of the hydraulic system. Some of the features that should be incorporated
in the design of a hydraulic power unit and the factors that constitute a good
installation will be discussed.
SELECTING THE HYDRAULIC PUMP
First, lets consider the factor which should be taken into consideration in the
selecting of the hydraulic pump for the hydraulic system. These factors are speed,
system pressure desired, hydraulic fluid to be used, temperature, life expectancy,
price, efficiency and variable or fixed displacement.
SPEED
The faster a hydraulic pump is driven, the greater will be the displacement of
the pump in gallons per minute up to the point of cavitation. A smaller pump driven
at a high number of revolutions per minute may be able to deliver as much fluid in a
given period of time as a large pump driven at a slower number of revolutions per
minute. To illustrate further, compare two pumps, one capable of delivering 10
gallons per minute (GPM) at 900 revolutions per minute (rpm) and a large pump

capable of delivering 20 gallons per minute at 900 revolutions per minute. The
larger displacement pump will obviously be more costly because it is a larger pump
than the 10 gallons per minute pump. If, however, the 10 gallons per minute pump
is driven at a speed 1800 revolutions per minute, it too will have a displacement of
20 gallons per minute. Thus, the design engineer will be able to obtain the same
flow rate of fluid with a smaller pump and thus, effect a saving in both cost and
space. By operating at higher speeds, another cost saving will be effect on the
driving unit whether it is an electric motor, gasoline engine, or diesel engine. The
higher the revolutions per minute of the driving motor and engine, the smaller and
thus lower cost, the motor or engine will be.
Why then are not all pumps driven at speeds of 1800 or even 3600
revolutions per minute? Some smaller pumps, can be driven at speeds of 3500 to
3600 rpm. As the size of the pump increases, however, the maximum
recommended drive speed reduces. This is due to the centrifugal and inertial forces
on the moving parts and the acceleration rates for the incoming fluid. When
acceleration rates for the incoming fluid becomes too high, excessive pressure
drops and cavitation will result. Cavitation, of course, will affect the displacement
and will also severely reduce the life expectancy of the hydraulic pump.
Supercharging pump the inlet side of the pump will usually slow the pump to
be driven at a faster speed than would be recommended when pulling a vacuum.
With the supercharge pressure on the inlet side of the hydraulic pump, the speed
limitation then is dependent upon the maximum supercharge pressure feasible and
the centrifugal and inertial forces on the moving parts.
A note of caution, In most instances the noise level of the pump will usually increase
with the driven speed. Consequently, for most industrial applications where noise
level in plant may be low, it would not be recommended to operate a piston, gear or
vane type pump at speeds in excess of 1200 to 1800 rpm.
The pump supplier should be consulted regarding the maximum speed
recommended for this pump. As a rule of thumb, however, most piston, gear and
vane pumps having a displacement up to 35 to 40 GPM at 1200 rpm may be driven
at speeds up to 1800 rpm without supercharge pressure on the inlet side.
Displacements up to 150 GPM are possible with the vane, gear and piston type
pump at speeds of 1200 rpm. For the displacements above this point, supercharge
pressure is often required.
SYSTEM PRESSURE
The desired system pressure should also be considered in selecting the
hydraulic pump. Good design practice is to select a hydraulic pump that will have a
maximum continuous design pressure of at least half again as much as the
maximum system pressure calculated, or to say it a different way, the maximum
pressure required across the ports of a fluid motor or to a hydraulic cylinder should

not exceed two-thirds of the maximum rated pressure of the pump. This will provide
some margin of safety account for the inefficiency of the hydraulic system. It may
also take care of some miscalculations by the design engineer on the actual power
required. The life of the hydraulic pump is, of course, extended by not operating at
its maximum continuous design pressure.
Some vane and gear pumps are limited to maximum continuous design pressure of
100 psi and some are limited to a maximum pressure of 2000 psi. a few vane and
gear pumps in the low displacement range are being offered for system pressure up
to as high as 2500 psi. piston type pumps are available for system pressures up to
3000 and 5000 psi with a few going as high as 10000 psi or above in the low
displacement range.
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
Fluids also play a big part in the selection of the hydraulic pump. Some pump
manufacturers recommend higher viscosity fluids for their pumps than do other
manufacturers because of larger clearances between the moving parts. The supplier
of the hydraulic pump should be contacted regarding his recommendation on the
viscosity of the fluid he would recommend for his pump, or in the case of synthetic
fluids, the pump that he would recommend for operation on the fluid.