11/19/2015

ChemistryProjectQuestion:Whydoesthetensilestrengthofcottondecreaseontreatingwithacids?|YahooAnswers

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ChemistryProjectQuestion:Whydoesthe
tensilestrengthofcottondecreaseon
treatingwithacids?
Thetensilestrengthofplantfibres(eg.:Cotton)decreasesonsoakinginacids
whilethetensilestrengthofanimalfibres(eg.:Wool)remainunaffectedon
soakinginacids.Why?Thetensilestrengthofanimalfibresdecreaseson
soakinginalkalisorbaseswhilethetensilestrengthofplantfibresremain...
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Answers
BestAnswer:Theglycosidicbondincelluloseischemicallyanacetal
group,andacetalsarehydrolyzedbyacid.Treatmentbyacidwillpartially
hydrolyzethepolymerchainsincellulose,ineffectshorteningthemandthus
decreasingthetensilestrength.
Acetalsarestabletobases,socellulosefibersretaintheirpropertieswhen
treatedwithbase.
Animalfibersareproteins,whichcontainpeptidebonds.Thepeptidebond
chemicallyisanamidegroup,andamidesdonotreadilyhydrolyzeinacid
solution.Amidesarehydrolyzedbybases,soanimalfibersarehydrolyzedto
shorterchainsandlosetheirtensilestrengthinbases.
IIRC,syntheticfiberslikeNylon(whichisalsoapolyamidelikeproteins)owe
someoftheirchemicalresistancetotheirmore'crystalline'structure,i.e.,
thereisgreaterregularityinthemolecularstructure,andthisregularityreduces
theabilityofbasesoracidstoapproachtheamidebondstoinitiatea
hydrolyticreaction.Additionally,syntheticfiberstendtobehydrophobic,and
waterthusisnotabletohydratetheamidebondadequatelytoassistinattack
ontheamidebondtobeginhydrolysis.
Doctorwho3yearsago
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ChemistryProjectQuestion:Whydoesthetensilestrengthof
cottondecreaseontreatingwithacids?

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