QUESTION 1 COUNTRY/SECTOR CONTEXT AND STOCKTAKING: Based on LEIP development

process, please research and share at least five of your countrys development and climate change
goals. Secondly, explain how low emission investments would contribute towards meeting these
goals. Lastly, identify what major efforts are currently under way towards advancing investments
in low carbon development.

a) Strategic priorities of the National Policy against Climate Change (PNLCC)

Priority 1: Strengthening actions for adaptation to climate change taking into account

countrys real needs.

Priority 2: Implementation of mitigation actions for countrys development;
Priority 3: Integrating climate change at all levels;
Priority 4: Development of sustainable funding instruments;
Priority 5: Promotion of research, technology development and transfer and adaptive
management.

b) How low emission investments (LEI) would contribute towards meeting these goals?
Low emission investments offers an opportunity to achieve low carbon development
Coordination between stakeholders both in funding, technical ...
Sharing knowledge and experience with another countries
Technology transfer
Sectorial Integration of climate change and low carbon development in various
sectors
c) Efforts currently under way towards advancing investments in low carbon development
List NAMAs already available but requires refining
30 CDM projects with portfolio whose 02 already registered at the UNFCCC
secretariat
Process REDD + already advanced
Existence of National Strategy for Clean Development Mechanism (SNMDP)
Existence National Policy against Climate Change (PNLCC)
d) Sources:
o United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
o Madagascar environmental issues and the Kyoto Protocol
o Madagascar - First National Communication to UNFCCC
o Madagascar - Second National Communication to UNFCCC
o National Policy against Climate Change (PNLCC)
o Stratgie Nationale du Mcanisme de Dveloppement Propre (SNMDP)

QUESTION 2 - PRIORITY SECTORS FOR GHG ABATEMENT: Conduct research on your countrys GHG
emissions profile, including its GHG inventory and emission trends. Identify the leading emission
sectors and sub-sectors and their corresponding percentages of total national emissions. Make
sure you indicate the sources where your data is drawn from.

Madagascar has already submitted its First National Communication and second respectively in 2003
and 2010. Currently, the Third National Communication is under development. So, the following data
values as a source "Direct emission of gas greenhouse from 1995 to 2004".
The results show that for Madagascar, two sectors are responsible for almost all emissions of the
country: "agriculture sector" and the "energy sector". Indeed, for the period 1995-2004, emissions
from "agriculture" sector is around 90% and the energy around 8% of the country's total emissions.
Sectors
Agriculture
Energy
Others sectors
TOTAL (Gg q CO2)

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

23270
90,7%
2109,5
8,2%
267,6
1,0%
25647,1

25460,2
90,5%
2198
7,8%
488,1
1,7%
28146,3

24834,6
91,1%
2300,1
8,4%
115,7
0,4%
27250,4

25389,2
90,1%
2482,2
8,8%
308,1
1,1%
28179,5

26467,2
88,5%
2628,7
8,8%
804,6
2,7%
29900,5

26512,3
89,5%
2725,1
9,2%
401,4
1,4%
29638,8

27342,2
89,2%
2752,2
9,0%
561,4
1,8%
30655,8

28010,5
90,8%
2364,7
7,7%
462,4
1,5%
30837,6

28544,7
89,5%
2707,3
8,5%
628,2
2,0%
31880,2

28946,1
90,2%
2915,6
9,1%
239,9
0,7%
32101,6

And the trend in GHG emissions is given by the following figure:

GHG EMISSION TRENDS (1995- 2004)

EMISSION Gg q CO2

35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Others sectors 267.6

488.1

115.7

308.1

804.6

401.4

561.4

462.4

628.2

239.9

Energy

2109.5

2198

2300.1 2482.2 2628.7 2725.1 2752.2 2364.7 2707.3 2915.6

Agriculture

23270 25460.2 24834.6 25389.2 26467.2 26512.3 27342.2 28010.5 28544.7 28946.1

The inventory made for the years 1995 to 2004 showed that emissions of GHG countries have not
evolved much. Indeed, CO2 emissions increased from 1,331.9 in 1995 to 1,751.1 Gg in 2004, the
estimate for the year 2000 was 1,747.4 Gg, giving an emission of 0.116 tons per capita, show that is
still relatively low. If we consider the direct GHG emissions of the country's per capita, emissions is
estimated at 1,965 tons of CO2 equivalent. It should be noted that with the current pace of economic
development, we must expect an increase in the level of emissions. Actions will then be made to

mitigate emission trends. The inventory also showed that Madagascar is a large carbon sink with
absorption measured at -233568.4 Gg CO2 in 2000. This absorption is mainly due to the forest
heritage, essentially of natural forests that Malagasy Government is currently trying to protect. In
this context, the actions of management, protection, reforestation and afforestation as Madagascar
implements deserve to be supported. In terms of inventory work, a lot of assumptions and default
data were used to estimate GHG emissions and removals of CO2. To improve the results of the
inventory, then it is proposed to establish the factors and country-specific data. Furthermore, a gap
lies on the evaluation of uncertainties in the data used and the results of the inventory. Therefore, it
is also proposed to strengthen the capacity of stakeholders to inventory work.

QUESTION 3 - PLANNING COMMITTEE AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT: Applying knowledge

from Module 2 to your local context, answer the following questions:
a) Which government agency is best positioned in your country to spearhead the Low
Emissions Investment Planning Committee and why?
AGENCY
Ministry in charge of Environment
Ministry in charge of Finance and Budget
Ministry in charge of Energy and Hydrocarbons
Ministry in charge of Agriculture
Ministry in charge of Planning

WHY
Lead in terms of climate change in
Madagascar
Account manager of the State
National focal point of SREP in Madagascar
Sector with the highest greenhouse gas
emissions
Stakeholders in national planning

b) Which other agencies/institutions would be represented on the Committee and what

roles and responsibilities would they have?
AGENCY/INSTITUTION
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
CIME or Inter-ministerial Committee for
In charge of "contributing to the integration of
the Environment
environmental action in different sectorial policies and
vice versa, especially on the fiscal front and in the
planning of the area." This institution had contributed
significantly in the arbitration between some sectors.
GTCC or Climate Change Working Group
Consultative body and can provide its expertise
TFP or Technical and Financial Partner
- Investments
- Consultation planning investments and technical
support (WWF, GTZ, FES, WB, UNDP, UNEP ...)
CSO
arbitration and promote transparency and providing
information for sector analysis
PRIVATE SECTOR including LOCAL BANKS
- Investments
- Technical supportand promote transparency and
providing information for sector analysis
For example SIM (Union of Industrialists of
Madagascar)
c) How would you ensure that Committee members and relevant stakeholder groups remain
actively involved in the process?
- Empowering stakeholders
- Fluidity information and transparency
- Periodic Consultation
- Consensus in decision making.

d) Which additional stakeholders do you anticipate having to engage with that are not
represented in the Committee?
- youth representative
- Training Institution / University
- Local community
- Decentralized Local Authority
Be sure to include among the stakeholders potential partners who could play a role in financing low
emission investments.

QUESTION 4: Applying what you have learned in weeks 1 and 2, complete the following table to
help prepare your countrys low emissions investment plan:
ANSWER
INFORMATION SOURCES
Investment rationale(s) for Wood energy is the main source of energy Diagnostic of Energy sector available
in Madagascar.
selected sectors:
in
What are the energy resourceThe energy supply in Madagascar is
http://www.ore.mg/Publication/Rap
dominated
by
Wood
Energy
(92%)
and
potentials
for
energy
ports/RapportDiagnosticDuSecteurE
sources/technologies identifiedpetroleum products (7%).The share of
nergie.pdf
renewable
energies
is
still
marginal
because
as high potential / national
priorities? Have low carbonit is less than 1% of this offer. In Madagascar, Financial Law 2015
technologies been prioritizedhydroelectric power is the most exploited
through Marginal Abatementrenewable energy source. Hydroelectric
Cost curves or other cost-benefitpower plant provides 54% of the countrys
analyses? electricity in 2011.
Tips:
- You may want to refer toThe country has great potential in terms of
country resource assessmentsresources for the production of solar
for
your
research. energy, Wind Energy and Bioenergy just
- Dont forget energy efficiency waiting to be exploited.
Madagascar has a significant solar energy
potential with incident energy of about 2000
kWh / m / year. Almost all parts of the
country have over 2800 hours of annual
sunshine.
Photovoltaic devices remain fully imported:
panels, inverters, etc....
Moreover, Madagascar has great potential
for producing wind energy.
Overall, the North, South and East coasts are
the areas that have wind speed
Interestingly, reaching 7.5 to 9 m / s in the
north, 6-9 m / s in the south. Considering the
areas from North to South
along the east coast, with a wind speed of
around 6.5 m / s, Madagascar has a potential
2000 MW of wind energy.
Since 2001, the production of electrical
energy has been increasing in Madagascar.
Total net Electricity production in
Madagascar is 832,741 MWh in 2001 to
1,267,647 MWh in 2011. Since 2001,

Electricity production has increased by 50%.

The share generated by thermal power
plants rose from 268,796 MWh in 2001,
representing 32% of total production
to302577 in 2011, representing 45.5% of
total production. Compared to this,
hydroelectric power plants production
reaches 563,945 MWh in 2001, representing
68% of total production to 690,337 MWh in
2011 which represents 54% of total
production thermal power plants.
Import of low GHG emission installations to
a tax exemption to encourage operators
Enabling policy and regulatory
environment: Can you identify
particular policies (industrial,
environmental, energy, tax,
climate change policies) that
you think would favor low
emission investments and the
acceleration
of
their
implementation?

- New curent energy policy

- Electricity sector liberalization Act 1999
- Creation of the Regulatory Body of
Electricity
(ORE)and
the
Rural
Electrification Development Agency
- Charter of the environment including
climate change dimension
- National Policy against Climate Change
- Existence of National Committee for
Climate Change
- Integration of climate change dimension
in National Development Plan and
General State Policy

- 98- 032 Law Electricity Sector

Reform
- National policy against Climate
Change
- New Charter of the Malagasy
Environment
- National Development Plan
- General State Policy

QUESTION 5 PRIORITIZATION: To help the low emission investment planning Committee

prioritize investment options, please answer the following questions:

What type of barriers may exist that would affect the prioritization of projects?

Political Influence
Lack of a national mitigation strategy
Lack of sustainable funding

What are some locally-relevant country and project level risks to assess as part of the
prioritization of projects?
Financing Difficulty
National Technical capacity
Land
Policy by change of leadership

What are some additional criteria to take into consideration in order to prioritize low
emission investments, including development co-benefits relevant to your local context?
- Social Aspect of the project

How would you assess interest and readiness of private sector to invest in the prioritized
low emission sectors and projects?
- Willingness existing but with uncertainties

QUESTION 6 MONITORING AND REPORTING: What results monitoring indicators would you use
to track progress in the implementation of the low emission investment plan? What
agencies/entities would be responsible for gathering this data? How would you use this data to
implement course corrections?
Indicators
Change in the number of
investors
in
terms
of
technology

Change in the number of

investors in terms of funding

Change in the number of

investors
in
terms
of
intervention subsector

Variation of GHG emission

Deforestation rates

Demand on wood energy

Demand on electric energy

Transparency

Agencies /Entities
- Ministry in charge of Energy
and Hydrocarbons
- Ministry in charge of
Agriculture
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- Ministry in charge of Energy
and Hydrocarbons
- Ministry in charge of
Agriculture
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- Ministry in charge of Energy
and Hydrocarbons
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- Ministry in charge of
Agriculture
- Climate Change National
Body
- Ministry in charge of
Environment
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- Ministry in charge of
Environment
- Ministry in charge of Energy
and Hydrocarbons
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- Ministry in charge of Energy
and Hydrocarbons
- Technical
and
Financial
Partner
- PRIVATE SECTOR
- CSO

Course correction
if indicators change, revision of
goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

goals is required
if indicators change, revision of
goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

goals is required

if indicators change, revision of

management
and
implementation is required