Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2013

International GCSE
Biology (4BI0) Paper 2B
Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate
Biology (KBI0) Paper 2B

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Summer 2013
Publications Code UG037085
All the material in this publication is copyright
Pearson Education Ltd 2013

Question
number
1 (a)
(b)

(c)
(d)
(e)

Answer

Notes

adenine / thymine / guanine / cytosine;

ignore A, T, G and C

allow remove bacteria / get

rid of bacteria / eq

(kill) bacteria / (kill) pathogens / fungi / microbes /

viruses / eq;
2 prevent disease / prevent infection /
prevent spread of disease / prevent spread of infection;
3 affect growth (of explant) /
(less) competition (for minerals);
protein / enzymes / named protein;
organism / bacterium / virus / fungus that causes disease /
infection;
1 identical / clones / all same / no variation / eq;
2 large quantities / more / high yield / eq;
3 fast / faster / eq;
4 free from disease / free from pathogens / eq;
5 all year production / prevent extinction / eq;

ignore other molecules DNA

ignore harm / illness
ignore quality and
characteristics being
controlled
ignore cost /cheaper
ignore conservation

Marks
1
max 2

1
1
max 2

Question
number
(f)

(g)

Answer

Notes

Marks

never runs out / renewable / can be replaced /

can be grown again / unlimited supply / eq;

ignore never dies out ignore

reproduced
ignore reused

1
2
3

ignore extinction / food

chain effect
ignore loss of habitat
ignore loss of species / less
biodiversity
ignore climate change
ignore loss of wood resource
ignore aesthetic appearance

4
5

leaching / eutrophication / run off / eq;

soil erosion / flooding / eq;
rain(fall) / water cycle effect / less transpiration /
drought / desertification / eq;
global warming / greenhouse (effect) /
(more) CO2 in air / less CO2 removed / eq;
loss of medicinal plants / eq;

Total

max 3

11

Question
number
2 (a)

Answer

Description of stage

Notes

Marks

Name of stage
3

Heat from the sun causes liquid water

to change into water vapour

evaporation

Water vapour in the air changes back

into liquid water

condensation;

The liquid water falls to the earth

loss/evaporation/diffusion of water
from leaves/plant / stomata;

precipitation / rain(fall) /
snow;

transpiration

ignore guard
cells.
water loss
and plant
needed for
the mark

Question
number

(b)

Answer

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

(more) bacteria / fungi / microbes / microorganisms;

decomposition / decompose(rs);
respiration;
(less) oxygen;
fish die / animals die;
mineral ions / named mineral ion / nutrients;
plant growth / algal bloom / eq;
eutrophication;

Notes

Marks

ignore disease
4

ignore plant death;

ignore blocking light /
less photosynthesis

Total

Question
number
3 (a) (i)
(ii)

Answer

Notes

changed (by scientist) / altered (by student) /

variable that is changed / eq;
volume of water (collected) / water in cm3;

Marks
1

allow amount of water

1
ignore time taken /
variable that is measured
/ volume of water added

(iii)

(b)

Variable
mass of dry soil
size of measuring cylinder
volume of water collected

Tick
3

(iv)

7.1(428) / 7.14 / 7.143;

(v)

(A) (more) decimal places / hundredths /

smaller scale interval / eq;

(i)
(ii)

less water / water drains away / eq;

less anchorage / eq;
(less) oxygen / not aerobic;
active transport / active uptake;
respiration / energy / ATP;

allow one mark for 7.142

or 14 in working
ignore milliseconds
ignore digital
ignore split seconds
ignore mineral ions

2
1
2

ignore ref to mineral ion

or water concentration
gradient or waterlogged
Total

max 2
10

Question
number
4 (a) (i)

(ii)

(b)

(c)

(i)

Answer
same alleles / DD / dd / both dominant / both recessive /
only one type of allele / eq;

ignore only one allele

present
allow other letters eg
AA or aa.
reject genes

DD;
Dd;

(ii)

mother DD and father dd;

Dd and Dd;
zero / 0(%) / no chance / 0 out of 2 / eq;

(i)

22 800 000 / 22.8 million;

(ii)

Notes

not enough people tested / small sample / only 24 tested /

chance / probability / eq;

Marks
1

2
2
Allow any ratio
0:whatever
allow one mark for 12
or 0.12 in working
ignore anomalous
ignore human error
Total

2
1

Question
number
5 (a)

Answer
removal / eq;
waste products of cells / metabolism / respiration / chemical
reactions;

(b)

(i)

(i)

getting rid of toxic

waste = 1
ignore toxic
ignore examples such
as CO2 / urea
MP2 reject if ref to
egestion/faeces

release sweat / sweating / eq;

evaporation / eq;
cooling / heat loss / eq;

(ii) vasodilation / dilate / widen / expand / eq;

(more) blood to skin/surface / blood near to skin/surface;
cooling / heat loss / eq;

(c)

Notes

lower blood glucose / lower blood sugar / eq;

glycogen;
liver / muscle;
(ii) 1 control water level / water regulation / osmoregulation /
eq;
2 permeability / eq;
3 collecting duct;
4 water reabsorption / water into blood / water into body /
less waterloss from body / more concentrated urine /
less urine / eq;

Marks
2

3
ignore names of blood
vessels
ignore
vasoconstriction
reject blood vessels
moving
must be stated
converts glucose to
glycogen = 1

max 2
max 3

Total

13

Question
number

6 (a)

(b)

Answer

Lactobacillus (bulgaricus) / Streptococcus (thermophilus);

sterilise / kill / pasteurise;

bacteria / microorganisms / pathogens / eq;

(c)

1
2
3
4

(d)

avoid killing Lactobacillus / bacteria /

organisms (that make yoghurt);
optimum temperature;
enzymes;
(enzymes) denatured / destroyed;

Notes

ignore lactic acid

bacteria
ignore get rid of
ignore denature
enzymes
ignore taste /
competition /
contamination / disease
ignore denature
organism
allow converse

Marks

ignore make lactic acid

/ make yoghurt

(time) to make lactic acid;

max 2
(warm) optimum temperature;
enzymes;
bacteria reproduction / bacteria growth / eq;

(e)

kills bacteria / stop growth of bacteria;

low pH / more acid / acidic / lactic acid / eq;
denatures/destroys enzymes / alters active site / eq;

allow microbes as eq to
bacteria
denatures bacteria = 1

Total
Total for paper

10
60

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