GRADISTAT

Version 4.0
A Grain Size Distribution and Statistics Package for the Analysis of
Unconsolidated Sediments by Sieving or Laser Granulometer
Developed by Simon Blott
Surface Processes and Modern Environments Research Group
Department of Geology
Royal Holloway
University of London
Egham
Surrey TW20 0EX
E-mail: s.blott@gl.rhul.ac.uk
Tel/Fax: +44 (0)1784 414168

The development of this program was inspired by Dave Thornley and John Jack at the Postgraduate
Research Institute for Sedimentology at the University of Reading, UK, and the Department of Geology at
Royal Holloway University of London, UK. It is provided in Microsoft Excel format to allow both
spreadsheet and graphical output. The program is best suited to analyse data obtained from sieve or
laser granulometer analysis. The user is required to input the mass or percentage of sediment retained
on sieves spaced at any intervals, or the percentage of sediment detected in each bin of a Laser
Granulometer.
The following sample statistics are then calculated using the Method of Moments in
Microsoft Visual Basic programming language: mean, mode(s), sorting (standard deviation), skewness,
kurtosis, D10, D50, D90, D90/D10, D90-D10, D75/D25 and D75-D25. Grain size parameters are calculated
arithmetically and geometrically (in microns) and logarithmically (using the phi scale) (Krumbein and
Pettijohn, 19381; Table 1). Linear interpolation is also used to calculate statistical parameters by the Folk
and Ward (1957)2 graphical method and derive physical descriptions (such as very coarse sand and
moderately sorted). The program also provides a physical description of the textural group which the
sample belongs to and the sediment name (such as fine gravelly coarse sand) after Folk (1954) 3. Also
included is a table giving the percentage of grains falling into each size fraction, modified from Udden
(1914)4 and Wentworth (1922)5 (see Table 2). In terms of graphical output, the program provides graphs
of the grain size distribution and cumulative distribution of the data in both metric and phi units, and
displays the sample grain size on triangular diagrams. Samples may be analysed singularly, or up to 250
samples may be analysed together.
The program is ideal for the rapid analysis of sieve data and is freely available from the author at
the above address. Please note that the copyright for the program is held by author, and any distribution
or use of the program should be acknowledged to him.
S. Blott

October 2000

Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J. (1938) Manual of Sedimentary Petrography. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C. (1957) Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary
Petrology, 27, 3-26.
3

Folk, R.L. (1954) The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature. Journal of
Geology, 62, 344-359.
4

Udden, J.A. (1914) Mechanical composition of clastic sediments. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 25, 655-744.

Wentworth, C.K. (1922) A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. Journal of Geology, 30, 377-392.

Instructions on the Use of the GRADISTAT Program

Single Sample Analysis
1. Switch to the "Single Sample Data Input" sheet if it is not already active. Enter the aperture sizes of
the sieves or Laser Granulometer bins used in the analysis into the cells in column B. Sizes may be
entered either in ascending or descending numerical order. For convenience, you can click on one of the
standard sieve or Laser Granulometer size intervals and GRADISTAT will enter the size classes for you.
Any non-standard sieve sizes can be used, although some of the statistics may not be calculated if you
have not used sieves with at least whole phi intervals. See the section below if the sample contains
unanalysed sediment, such as material retained in the pan after sieving. At least one size class larger
than the largest particles in the sample should also be entered. A large area to the right of the data
columns is provided for the cut and paste of data from other spreadsheets, such as the import of Laser
Granulometer data.
2. Enter the weight or percentage of sample beside each size class in column C. When you have
finished, make sure there are no data further down the spreadsheet which could cause an error. The
program will accept data down to row 230.
3. Enter the sample identity, analyst, date and initial sample weight (optional) at the top of the "Single
Sample Data Input" sheet.
4. Click the "Calculate Statistics" button and wait a few moments for the program to finish running. When
the dialog box appears, click "OK".
5. The results are summarised on the "Single Sample Statistics" sheet, which includes a distribution
histogram of the sample. Select "Print..." from the file menu to print the Summary Statistics page. The
data is also shown on triangular diagrams on the "Gravel Sand Mud" and "Sand Silt Clay" sheets.
Further cumulative and distribution plots are given on other sheets.
Multiple Sample Analysis
1. Switch to the "Multiple Sample Data Input" sheet. Enter the aperture sizes of the sieves or Laser
Granulometer bins used in the analysis into the cells in column B. The aperture sizes must be the same
for all the samples. Sizes may be entered either in ascending or descending numerical order. For
convenience, you can click on one of the standard sieve or Laser Granulometer size intervals and
GRADISTAT will enter the size classes for you. Any non-standard sieve sizes can be used, although
some of the statistics may not be calculated if you have not used sieves with at least whole phi intervals.
See the section below if samples contain unanalysed sediment, such as material retained in the pan after
sieving. At least one size class larger than the largest particles in the sample should also be entered.
2. Enter the weight or percentage of sample in column C onwards. Make sure there are no data further
down the spreadsheet which could cause an error. The program will accept data down to row 230.
3. Enter the sample identity, analyst, date and initial sample weight (optional) in the green cells above
each sample listing.
4. If you require a Summary Statistics printout for each sample, select a tick in the option box.
5. Click the "Calculate Statistics" button and wait for the program to finish running (this may take several
minutes). GRADISTAT will give a warning if it detects a sample whose combined weight is greater than
the given sample weight. Click "OK" when prompted on the dialog boxes.
6. The resulting statistics for all samples are summarised on the "Multiple Sample Statistics" sheet. The
data for each sample included in the analysis are also shown on triangular diagrams on the "Gravel Sand
Mud" and "Sand Silt Clay" sheets. Cumulative and distribution plots will show the results for the last
sample in the analysis. If graphical plots for other samples are required, use separate single sample
analyses (above).
Unanalysed Sediment
Occasionally, samples may contain sediment in a size fraction of unspecified size, such as material
retained in the pan after sieving. Ideally, the whole size range in a sample should be analysed, and this

the given sample weight. Click "OK" when prompted on the dialog boxes.
6. The resulting statistics for all samples are summarised on the "Multiple Sample Statistics" sheet. The
data for each sample included in the analysis are also shown on triangular diagrams on the "Gravel Sand
Mud" and "Sand Silt Clay" sheets. Cumulative and distribution plots will show the results for the last
sample in the analysis. If graphical plots for other samples are required, use separate single sample
analyses (above).
Unanalysed Sediment
Occasionally, samples may contain sediment in a size fraction of unspecified size, such as material
retained in the pan after sieving. Ideally, the whole size range in a sample should be analysed, and this
may require further analysis of sediment remaining in the pan after sieving. The larger the quantity of
sediment remaining in the pan, the less accurate the calculation of grain size statistics, with statistics
calculated by the Method of Moments being most susceptible. Errors in Folk and Ward parameters
become significant only when more than 5% of the sample is undetermined. If the sample contains
sediment in the pan the user should do one of the following:
1. Enter the weight or percentage of sample in the pan with a class size of zero (or leave the class size
blank). GRADISTAT calculates the statistics assuming all sediment in the pan is larger than 10 (1 m).
The grain size distribution graphs do not however plot the quantity of sediment in the pan.
2. Enter the weight or percentage of sample in the pan with a class size which the user considers to be
the lower size limit of sediment in the pan. GRADISTAT calculates the statistics assuming all sediment in
the pan is larger than this value and plots this quantity on the grain size distribution graphs.
The above two options are recommended where there is less than 1% of the sample remaining in the
pan.
3. Do not enter the quantity of sediment in the pan at all. GRADISTAT calculates the statistics ignoring
the sediment in the pan as if it were not present in the sample. This is recommended where there is
more than 1% of the sample remaining in the pan.
Samples containing more than 5% of sediment in the pan should ideally be analysed using a different
technique, such as sedimentation or laser granulometry. Great care must however be taken when
merging data obtained by different methods.
Graph Scales
The size scale used in graphical plots is dependent upon the range of sizes specified on the sample input
sheets: the first and last values provide the extreme values on the graphs. While one size class larger
than the largest particles in the sample should be entered, other size classes outside the grain size range
of the sample have no influence on the statistical calculations. These classes may be deleted to narrow
the size scale on graphs. Note that unused size classes within the size range of the sample should also
be deleted, otherwise GRADISTAT assumes that zero sample weight was present in those size classes.
Copyright Simon Blott (2000)

Table 1. Statistical formulae used in the calculation of grain size parameters.

f is the frequency in percent; m is the mid-point of each class interval in metric (
phi (m) units; Px and x are grain diameters, in metric or phi units respectively,
cumulative percentile value of x.
(a) Arithmetic Method of Moments
Mean

x =

fmm

Standard Deviation

Skewness
2

f ( m mx a )

f ( mm
x a )3

Kurtosis

f ( m mx

Table 1. Statistical formulae used in the calculation of grain size parameters.

f is the frequency in percent; m is the mid-point of each class interval in metric (
phi (m) units; Px and x are grain diameters, in metric or phi units respectively,
cumulative percentile value of x.
(a) Arithmetic Method of Moments
Mean

x a =

Standard Deviation

fmm

a =

100

Skewness
2

f ( m mx a )
100

Kurtosis

f ( mm
x a )3
100 3

Sk a =

f ( m mx
100 4

Ka =

(b) Geometric Method of Moments

Mean

x g = exp

Standard Deviation

f ln m m
100

Skewness

Kurtosis
3

f ( ln mmln { x g )
f ( ln m m
f ( ln m mln { x g )2
Skg =
Kg =
g = exp
100 ln 3
100 ln 4
100
g
g

Sorting (g)
Very well sorted
Well sorted
Moderately well sorted
Moderately sorted
Poorly sorted
Very poorly sorted
Extremely poorly sorted

Skewness (Skg)
< 1.27
1.27 1.41
1.41 1.62
1.62 2.00
2.00 4.00
4.00 16.00
> 16.00

Very fine skewed

Fine skewed
Symmetrical
Coarse skewed
Very coarse skewed

Kurtosis (

< -1.30
1.30 -0.43
0.43 +0.43
+
0.43 +1.30
> +1.30

Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic

(c) Logarithmic Method of Moments

Mean

x f =

Standard Deviation

S fmf
100

sf =

Kurtosis
3

f ( m x )
Sk =
100 3

Sf ( m f x f )
100

Sorting ()
Very well sorted
Well sorted
Moderately well sorted
Moderately sorted

Skewness

Skewness (Sk)
< 0.35
0.35 0.50
0.50 0.70
0.70 1.00

K =

Very fine skewed

Fine skewed
Symmetrical
Coarse skewed

> +1.30
0.43 +1.30
0.43 +0.43
0.43 -1.30

f ( m
100 4

Kurtosis (
Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic

(d) Logarithmic (Original) Folk and Ward (1957) Graphical Measures

Mean

M Z=

Standard Deviation

16 +50 + 84
3

I=

Skewness

84 16 955
+
4
6.6

Sk I =

16 + 842 50

+
- 29 Sorting (I)
Very well sorted
Well sorted
Moderately well sorted
Moderately sorted
Poorly sorted
Very poorly sorted
Extremely poorly sorted

2 ( 84 16 )
5 + 952 50

< 0.35
0.50
0.70
1.00
2.00
4.00
> 4.00

Very fine skewed

Fine skewed
Symmetrical
Coarse skewed
Very coarse skewed

K G=

95

2 . 44 ( 75

2 ( 95 5 )

Skewness (SkI)
0.35
0.50
0.70
1.00
2.00

Kurtosis

0.3 to +1.0
0.1 to +0.3
+
0.1 to -0.1
0.1 to -0.3
0.3 to -1.0

+
+

Kurtosis (
Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic
Extremely
leptokurtic

2 ( 95 5 )
Sorting (I)
Very well sorted
Well sorted
Moderately well sorted
Moderately sorted
Poorly sorted
Very poorly sorted
Extremely poorly sorted

Skewness (SkI)
0.35
0.50
0.70
1.00
2.00

< 0.35
0.50
0.70
1.00
2.00
4.00
> 4.00

Very fine skewed

Fine skewed
Symmetrical
Coarse skewed
Very coarse skewed

Kurtosis (

0.3 to +1.0
0.1 to +0.3
+
0.1 to -0.1
0.1 to -0.3
0.3 to -1.0

+
+

Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic
Extremely
leptokurtic

(e) Geometric Folk and Ward (1957) Graphical Measures

Mean

M G=exp

Standard Deviation

ln P16 +ln P50 +ln P84

G =exp

ln P16 ln P84
4

Skewness

Sk G=

ln P5 + ln P 952 ( ln P50 )

Table 2.

K G=

2 ( ln P25 ln P5 )

Sorting (G)
Very well sorted

ln P5 ln P9
6 .6

Kurtosis

ln P16 +ln P84 2 ( ln P 50 )

2 ( ln P 84 ln P16 )

ln P5 ln P 95
2 . 44 ( ln P25ln P 75)

Skewness (SkG)
< 1.27

Very fine skewed

Kurtosis (
0.3 to -1.0

Very platykurtic

Size scale adopted in the GRADISTAT program, modified from Udden

(1914) and Wentworth (1922).

phi

Grain Size
mm

-10

1024

-9

512

-8

256

-7

128

-6

64

Descriptive term
Very Large
Large
Medium

Boulder

Small
Very small

- 29 -

Very coarse
-5

32

-4

16

-3

-2

-1

0
1

1
microns
500

250

125

63

31

Coarse
Medium

Gravel

Fine
Very fine
Very coarse
Coarse
Medium
Fine
Very fine
Very coarse
Coarse

Sand

-1

0
1

1
microns
500

250

125

63

31

16

Very coarse
Coarse
Medium

Sand

Fine
Very fine
Very coarse
Coarse
Medium
Fine
Very fine

Silt

at the Postgraduate
rtment of Geology at
ormat to allow both
ained from sieve or
of sediment retained
ach bin of a Laser
thod of Moments in
eviation), skewness,
eters are calculated
ale) (Krumbein and
ameters by the Folk
y coarse sand and
ural group which the
r Folk (1954) 3. Also
modified from Udden
am provides graphs
and phi units, and
gularly, or up to 250

e from the author at

and any distribution

New York.

. Journal of Sedimentary

omenclature. Journal of

erica, 25, 655-744.

77-392.

he aperture sizes of
n B. Sizes may be
n click on one of the
ize classes for you.
be calculated if you
he sample contains
ne size class larger
he right of the data
the import of Laser

C. When you have

ause an error. The

e top of the "Single

nish running. When

cludes a distribution
Statistics page. The
Silt Clay" sheets.

the sieves or Laser

s must be the same
umerical order. For
r size intervals and
n be used, although
whole phi intervals.
ined in the pan after
also be entered.

e are no data further

n to row 230.

e green cells above

ion box.

his may take several

eight is greater than

atistics" sheet. The

on the "Gravel Sand
e results for the last
arate single sample

e, such as material
e analysed, and this

atistics" sheet. The

on the "Gravel Sand
e results for the last
arate single sample

e, such as material
e analysed, and this
arger the quantity of
istics, with statistics
d Ward parameters
he sample contains

leave the class size

er than 10 (1 m).
pan.

user considers to be
ming all sediment in
aphs.

ple remaining in the

he statistics ignoring
nded where there is

ed using a different
ver be taken when

on the sample input

ne size class larger
the grain size range
be deleted to narrow
sample should also
hose size classes.

in size parameters.
of each class interval in metric (
metric or phi units respectively, at the

ness

( mm
x a )3

Kurtosis

f ( m mx a )4

in size parameters.
of each class interval in metric (
metric or phi units respectively, at the

ness

Kurtosis

( mm
x a )3
0 3

Ka =

f ( m mx a )4
100 4
a

ewness

Kurtosis
3

( ln m mln { x g )
f ( ln m mln {
xg)
Kg =

0 ln 3
100 ln 4
g

Kurtosis (

< -1.30
.30 -0.43
.43 +0.43
.43 +1.30
> +1.30

Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic

ness

Kurtosis
3

( m x )
0 3

> +1.30
.43 +1.30
.43 +0.43
.43 -1.30

f ( m x )
K =
100 4

Kurtosis (
Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic

ness

+ 842 50

84 16 )
+ 952 50

Kurtosis

K G=

95 5
2 . 44 ( 7525 )

( 95 5 )

0.3 to +1.0
0.1 to +0.3
+
0.1 to -0.1
0.1 to -0.3
0.3 to -1.0

Kurtosis (
Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic
Extremely
leptokurtic

( 95 5 )
Kurtosis (

0.3 to +1.0
0.1 to +0.3
+
0.1 to -0.1
0.1 to -0.3
0.3 to -1.0

Standard Deviation

exp

ln P16 ln P84
4

ln P5 ln P95
6 .6

Kurtosis

K G=

ln P5 ln P 95
2 . 44 ( ln P25 ln P 75)

Very platykurtic
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Very leptokurtic
Extremely
leptokurtic

Kurtosis (
0.3 to -1.0

Very platykurtic

modified from Udden

erm

Boulder

Gravel

Sand

Sand

Silt

Single Sample Data Input Screen

Sample Identity: VF-74-103
Analyst:
Date:
Initial Sample Weight:

Aperture
(microns)
2000
1400
1000
710
500
355
250
180
125
90
63
44
31.1
22
15.6
11
7.78
5.5
3.89
2.75
1.94
1.38
0.97
0.69
0.49
0.35
0.24

(optional)

Class Weight
Retained (g or %)
0
0
0
0.13464
1.063936
2.055048
1.918908
0.857588
0.074471
0.705293
2.99559
6.214972
8.757624
9.820956
9.701094
9.020275
8.088584
7.219306
6.642093
6.1388
5.430837
4.335836
3.386764
2.851151
1.931925
0.654313
0

Enter your data in the columns below, and then click the "Ca
Statistics" button. See the "Information" sheet for more info
Auto. add
apertures
at:

mns below, and then click the "Calculate

"Information" sheet for more information.

SAMPLE STATISTICS
SAMPLE IDENTITY: VF-74-103

ANALYST & DATE: ,

SAMPLE TYPE: Bimodal, Very Poorly Sorted

SEDIMENT NAME: Coarse Silt

m
MODE 1:
MODE 2:
MODE 3:
D10:
MEDIAN or D50:
D90:
(D90 / D10):
(D90 - D10):
(D75 / D25):
(D75 - D25):

26.55
427.5

5.257
1.247

1.514
12.51
62.30
41.16
60.78
7.822
26.91

4.005
6.321
9.368
2.339
5.363
1.591
2.967

MEAN ( x ) :
SORTING ():
SKEWNESS (Sk):
KURTOSIS (K):

TEXTURAL GROUP: Mud

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION

GRAVEL: 0.0%
COARSE SAND:
SAND: 9.9%
MEDIUM SAND:
MUD: 90.1%
FINE SAND:
V FINE SAND:
V COARSE GRAVEL: 0.0%
V COARSE SILT:
COARSE GRAVEL: 0.0%
COARSE SILT:
MEDIUM GRAVEL: 0.0%
MEDIUM SILT:
FINE GRAVEL: 0.0%
FINE SILT:
V FINE GRAVEL: 0.0%
V FINE SILT:
V COARSE SAND: 0.0%
CLAY:

METHOD OF MOMENTS
Arithmetic Geometric Logarithmic

m
m
41.46
11.71
6.416
98.87
4.613
2.206
4.319
0.211
-0.211
23.20
2.963
2.963

FOLK & WARD METHOD

Geometric Logarithmic
Description

m
10.87
6.524
Medium Silt
4.899
2.292
Very Poorly Sorted
-0.035
0.035
Symmetrical
1.123
1.123
Leptokurtic

Particle Diameter (f)

12.0000

10.0000

8.0000

6.0000

4.0000

2.0000

0.0000

10.00

Class Weight (%)

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

10

1.2%
4.0%
0.9%
3.8%
14.7%
19.6%
17.1%
13.9%
11.5%
13.3%

100

Particle Diameter (m)

1000

-2.0000

Multiple Sample Data Input Screen

Enter your data in the columns below, and the

"Calculate Statistics" button. Enter Sample In

Auto. add
apertures
at:
Print summary sheets for each sample?
Aperture
Class Weight Retained (g or %) in Different Samples
(microns)
Sample Identity: GU/S-COI 12/1/GU/S AF 13/11/GU/S AF 17/12/GU/S COI 25/11GU/S COI 1500Analyst:
Date:
Initial Sample Weight:
2000
1400
1000
0
0
0
0
0
710
0
0
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
0
0
355
0.004014
4.675681
0
0.166187
0
250
0.098238
12.99385
0
2.363564
0
180
0.076329
17.273932
1.20501
5.030106
0
125
0.430358
15.738308
4.639825
7.028166
3.987615
90
3.035325
11.668246
8.123842
7.742225
11.953984
63
6.565712
8.669724
11.566525
7.740544
16.974026
44
10.052864
6.974656
14.529959
7.761027
17.514639
31
12.489373
5.337089
15.974208
7.953405
14.464243
22
13.148105
3.518258
14.819778
8.11849
10.116833
15.6
12.150551
2.175727
11.21269
8.095567
6.474093
11
10.123945
1.638512
6.764591
7.763282
4.220675
7.8
7.809071
1.602272
3.311222
7.045425
3.069594
5.5
5.718063
1.604948
1.53618
5.917719
2.45906
3.9
4.191694
1.466198
1.004309
4.608086
2.035881
2.76
3.313934
1.25158
0.977263
3.45722
1.691093
1.95
2.848277
1.035399
0.993582
2.61212
1.393471
1.38
2.515149
0.845574
0.940187
2.05931
1.147202
0.98
2.06598
0.64693
0.818224
1.618779
0.911418
0.69
1.569905
0.461032
0.685058
1.261867
0.711995
0.49
1.153072
0.313739
0.561466
0.993002
0.557877
0.35
0.612441
0.108344
0.330773
0.577167
0.31154
0.24
0.0276
0
0.005306
0.086743
0.004761
0.17

he columns below, and then click the

s" button. Enter Sample Info in the green cells.

GU/S COI 1500-GU/S 1116 - Av GU/S AF-2 12/1GU/S AF-1 12/1GU/S 1501-68 -GU/S 1501-68 b

0
0
0
0
0
0
3.604557
11.495766
16.642773
17.477981
14.714564
10.473305
6.748492
4.344437
3.083241
2.438432
2.033051
1.717682
1.435813
1.18958
0.946728
0.740848
0.581399
0.326333
0.005017

0
0
0
0
0
0
3.160243
13.149202
24.071202
26.930851
18.736395
7.467365
1.27392
0.043211
0.602259
0.921616
0.743472
0.534033
0.506627
0.55053
0.511933
0.400658
0.289489
0.106993
0

0
0
0
0
0.065557
1.767711
4.100812
6.172086
7.420751
7.861467
7.967071
8.131159
8.417578
8.565385
8.259365
7.325703
6.012912
4.765061
3.774262
3.041448
2.368833
1.785294
1.344274
0.749643
0.103629

0
0
0.124762
3.062886
6.489483
8.054194
7.931425
6.775624
5.610307
5.060921
5.094733
5.423187
5.839905
6.167096
6.232338
5.886676
5.231523
4.503152
3.77232
3.059401
2.284067
1.603087
1.128058
0.595343
0.069511

0
0.02729
2.092459
7.077386
9.012115
7.541572
5.285283
4.468872
5.21201
6.274257
6.777713
6.690072
6.346932
5.933774
5.433718
4.762462
4.019686
3.382727
2.856974
2.377375
1.817072
1.282018
0.882235
0.439634
0.006364

0.159655
0.911598
3.649185
7.105325
8.595659
7.411983
5.330171
4.419444
5.014277
6.003723
6.499957
6.437459
6.128438
5.742582
5.263824
4.61913
3.90446
3.288541
2.781564
2.326399
1.795226
1.279635
0.884398
0.440971
0.006397

GU/S-COI 30/11/98 - Average

0
0
0
0.529458
0.854595
0.455526
0.747293
2.632942
5.928417
9.435427
11.869631
12.536753
11.572834
9.647779
7.543366
5.736241
4.467094
3.7471
3.327422
2.95619
2.398056
1.764383
1.23028
0.610376
0.008838

SAMPLE STATISTICS

METHOD OF
MOMENTS
Arithmetic (m)
METHOD OF
MOMENTS
Geometric (m)
METHOD OF
MOMENTS
Logarithmic ()
FOLK AND
WARD METHOD
(m)
FOLK AND
WARD METHOD
()
FOLK AND
WARD METHOD
(Description)

ANALYST AND DATE:

SIEVING ERROR:
SAMPLE TYPE:
TEXTURAL GROUP:
SEDIMENT NAME:
MEAN ( xa ):
SORTING ( a ):
SKEWNESS (Sk a ):
KURTOSIS ( K a ):
MEAN ( xg ):
SORTING ( g ):
SKEWNESS (Sk g ):
KURTOSIS ( K g ):
MEAN ( x ):
SORTING ( ):
SKEWNESS (Sk ):
KURTOSIS ( K ):
MEAN ( M G ):
SORTING ( G ):
SKEWNESS (Sk G ):
KURTOSIS ( K G ):
MEAN ( M Z ):
SORTING ( I ):
SKEWNESS (Sk I ):
KURTOSIS ( K G ):
MEAN:
SORTING:
SKEWNESS:
KURTOSIS:
MODE 1 (m):
MODE 2 (m):
MODE 3 (m):
MODE 1 ():
MODE 2 ():
MODE 3 ():
D10 (m):
D50 (m):
D90 (m):
(D90 / D10) (m):
(D90 - D10) (m):
(D75 / D25) (m):
(D75 - D25) (m):
D10 ():
D50 ():
D90 ():
(D90 / D10) ():
(D90 - D10) ():

(D75 / D25) ():

(D75 - D25) ():
% GRAVEL:
% SAND:
% MUD:
% V COARSE GRAVEL:
% COARSE GRAVEL:
% MEDIUM GRAVEL:
% FINE GRAVEL:
% V FINE GRAVEL:
% V COARSE SAND:
% COARSE SAND:
% MEDIUM SAND:
% FINE SAND:
% V FINE SAND:
% V COARSE SILT:
% COARSE SILT:
% MEDIUM SILT:
% FINE SILT:
% V FINE SILT:
% CLAY:

Triangular Diagram

Gravel: 0.0%
Sand: 9.9%
Mud: 90.1
%

Gravel

SAMPLE VF-74-103
IDENTITY:
TEXTURAL Mud
GROUP:
SEDIMENT NAME: Coarse Silt

Gravel

Very Coarse 0.0%

Coarse Gravel:
Gravel: 0.0%

80%

Medium Gravel: 0.0%

Fine Gravel: 0.0%
Very Fine Gravel: 0.0%
Very Coarse Sand: 0.0%

Sandy
Gravel

Gravel %

Muddy Gravel

Coarse Sand: 1.2%

Muddy Sandy
Gravel

Medium 4.0%
Fine Sand:
Sand: 0.9%
Very Fine 3.8%
Sand:
Very Coarse
Silt: 14.7%
Coarse Silt: 19.6%
Medium Silt: 17.1%

30%

Fine Silt: 13.9%

Gravelly Mud

Gravelly
Sand

Gravelly Muddy Sand

5%

Trace

Mud

Slightly
Gravelly
Mud
Mud

Slightly Gravelly
Sandy Mud

1:9

Sand

Muddy Sand
1:1

Sand:Mud Ratio

Clay: 13.3%
Slightly
Gravelly
Sand

Slightly Gravelly
Muddy Sand

Sandy Mud

Very Fine Silt: 11.5%

9:1

Sand

Triangular Diagram

Sand

SAMPLE VF-74-103
IDENTITY:
TEXTURAL
GROUP:
IGNORING
GRAVEL
FRACTION

Gravel: 0.0%
Sand: 9.9%
Mud: 90.1
%

NOTE
Gravel is also
present in
this sample

Sand
90%

Very Coarse 0.0%

Gravel: 0.0%
Coarse Gravel:
Medium Gravel: 0.0%
Fine Gravel: 0.0%
Very Fine Gravel: 0.0%
Very Coarse Sand: 0.0%
Clayey Sand

Muddy Sand

Coarse Sand: 1.2%

Silty Sand

Sand %

Medium 4.0%
Sand: 0.9%
Fine Sand:
Very Fine 3.8%
Sand:
Very Coarse
Silt: 14.7%

50%

Coarse Silt: 19.6%

Medium Silt: 17.1%
Sandy Clay

Sandy Mud

Fine Silt: 13.9%

Very Fine Silt: 11.5%

Sandy Silt

Clay: 13.3%

10%
Mud

Clay

Clay

1:2

Silt
2:1

Silt:Clay Ratio

Silt

Frequency Distribution Histogram

10.00

Class weight (%)

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
-2.0000

0.0000

2.0000

4.0000

6.0000

Particle diameter (f)

8.0000

10.0000

12.0000

Cumulative Frequency Curve

100.00

90.00

80.00

Cumulative mass retained (%)

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
-1.000

1.000

3.000

5.000diameter (f)
Particle

7.000

9.000

11.000

Frequency Distribution Curve

12.00

10.00

Class weight (%)

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0.1

1.0

10.0
Particle diameter (mm)

100.0

1000.0

Cumulative Frequency Curve

100.00

90.00

80.00

Cumulative mass retained (%)

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
0.1

10
Particle diameter (mm)

100

1000

STATISTICS BY METHOD OF MOMENTS

STATISTICS BY METHOD OF MOMENTS

ARITHMETIC

GEOMETIC

f(m-M)2
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
89110.87128
337880.57458
306255.57294
130756.85380
25826.89252
918.19971
3075.87501
3677.75060
900.76155
133.96555
2183.61204
4981.77636
7153.52737
8319.57794
8753.49361
8978.44285
8930.39812
8309.57378
6868.53106
5496.62674
4706.93531

f(m-M)3

f(m-M)4

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
8909940184.64674
4481969.46984 777795869.53333
101955.84866 11321061.14165
203127.27697 13414293.67813
128864.18602
4515254.09211
10844.14168
130551.09673
-523.95812
2049.27388
-32560.14620
485508.91886
-112892.73461 2558278.13489
-201451.49034 5673103.74926
-266818.35422 8557168.96047
-304806.63209 10613714.60049
-330102.69259 12136602.01774
-340615.57067 12991466.38111
-325038.45668 12714249.98102
-273375.37049 10880651.56511
-221437.87778 8920877.48474
-191248.15066 7770630.50436

log m

f log m

f(logm-logM)2

3.224
3.073
2.926
2.775
2.625
2.474
2.327
2.176
2.026
1.877
1.721
1.568
1.418
1.268
1.117
0.966
0.816
0.665
0.515
0.364
0.214
0.063
-0.087

0
0
0
0.393906696
2.952543758
5.393677077
4.747539737
1.995269527
0.162055686
1.428624701
5.622097713
10.69843132
13.73288686
13.92210353
12.29879076
10.07797979
7.815077449
5.888579343
4.418028801
3.15927895
1.974474187
0.927176903
0.214468211
-0.24859067

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.46427
3.09806
4.97497
3.79010
1.35701
0.09133
0.64579
1.95621
2.64774
2.18430
1.19553
0.38450
0.02128
0.08499
0.46217
1.08159
1.88443
2.70020
3.16849
3.42320
3.80930

3227.18425
1102.10856
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

-131898.70133
-45231.79248
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

5390850.37095
1856364.35595
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

-0.235
-0.383
-0.538
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502

-0.45492469
-0.25051546
0
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502

3.28592
1.37865
0.00000
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502

D OF MOMENTS

f(logm-logM)3 f(logm-logM)4
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.86212
5.28660
7.74061
5.32659
1.70700
0.10114
0.61795
1.58081
1.72820
1.09088
0.41712
0.07655
0.00103
-0.00871
-0.11694
-0.43646
-1.04406
-1.90397
-2.70858
-3.44156
-4.40309

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1.60090
9.02119
12.04368
7.48596
2.14727
0.11200
0.59131
1.27746
1.12801
0.54480
0.14553
0.01524
0.00005
0.00089
0.02959
0.17613
0.57846
1.34253
2.31543
3.46002
5.08944

-4.28539
-2.00119
0.00000
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502

5.58886
2.90484
0.00000
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502
Err:502