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CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR ROBOT

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JORINDA WONG

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A final year project report submitted in partial fulfilment

of the regulations for the award of BEng (Hons) in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering at the University of Sunderland
2012
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DECLARATION

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I hereby declare that this report, submitted to University of Sunderland, UK as a
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at any other university.
I also certify that the work described here is entirely my own except for excerpts and
summaries whose sources are appropriately cited in the references. This report may be
made available within the university library and may be photocopied or loaned to
other libraries for the purposes of consultation.
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1 April 2012

________________
JORINDA WONG
(02015055 / SCM-837848)

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APPROVAL SHEET
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This thesis entitled:
Carbon Monoxide Detector Robot
submitted by:
JORINDA WONG (02015055 / SCM-837848)
In requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
University of Sunderland, UK has been accepted.
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Supervisor:

Anis Fariza bt Md Pazil

Signature:

___________________

Date:

1 April 2012 (Date of Submission)

Module Leader:

Anis Fariza bt Md Pazil

Signature:

___________________

Date:

1 April 2012 (Date of Submission)

Head of School:

Dr Chow Li Sze

Signature:

___________________

Date:

1 April 2012 (Date of Submission)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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Praise and thanks to God first and foremost whose blessing enabled me to accomplish
this project.
I wish to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Ms Anis Fariza for
relentless guidance, helpful suggestion, close supervision and moral encouragement to
complete this task.
A special thank to my parents and to all my lecturers I have had. Thank you to Ms
Preethy, Mr. Chris Chong and Mr. Alex that give great cooperation and assistance to
me for this project.
My sincerely thanks to all those whom directly or indirectly help me to complete this
project.

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ABSTRACT
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This project is carried out to construct a robot with the carbon monoxide detecting
function to detect the presence of the carbon monoxide gases. Carbon monoxide gas is
a by-product resulting from incomplete combustion. Excessive inhalation of carbon
monoxide can cause carbon monoxide poisoning. By combining the gas sensor with a
robot, the environment condition in a hazardous area can be monitored. The Hanwei
MQ-5 sensor is selected as the gas sensor for the project and PIC 16F877A as the
main controller for the robot device. LCD is used to monitor the value read from the
gas sensor. When the carbon monoxide gas in the air exceeded the preset value, the
device will generate an alarm signal to trigger the LED and buzzer.
Abstract should be written in 1 paragraph only.
Word count 100 ~ 200 words

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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DECLARATION

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii

ABSTRACT

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

vi

LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATION
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CHAPTER

PAGE

INTRODUCTION
1.1

Background

1.2

Problem Statement

1.3

Aim and Objectives

1.4

Scope of Research

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1

Review of other similar projects

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2

Subtitle 2

2.3

Subtitle 3

.
.
Literature review should cover the relevant knowledge
within the scope of research
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3

METHODOLGY
3.1

Design Overview

11

3.2

Hardware Implementation

12

3.3

3.2.1

3.2.2

Software Implementation
3.3.1

3.3.2

30

.....
4

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1

....

50

.
5

DISCUSSION

60

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6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

70

...........................................

REFERENCES

80

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A:

Project Schedule Gantt Chart

APPENDIX B:

..

APPENDIX C:

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LIST OF TABLES
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TABLE

TITLE

2.1

Types of Sensor

2.2

3.1

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25

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LIST OF FIGURES
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FIGURE

TITLE

2.1

Infrared Sensor

2.2

..

2.3

..

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LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS

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cp

specific heat capacity, J/(kgK)

height, m

Kd

discharge coefficient

mass flow rate, kg/s

pressure, kPa

Pb

back pressure, kPa

mass flow rate ratio

temperature, K

specific volume, m3

homogeneous void fraction

pressure ratio

density, kg/m3

compressible flow parameter

ID

inner diameter, m

MAP

maximum allowable pressure, kPa

MAWP

maximum allowable working pressure, kPa

OD

outer diameter, m

RV

relief valve

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CHAPTER 1
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INTRODUCTION

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1

Background

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2

Problem Statement

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G1

ho

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32

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= density, kg/m3
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ho = xxx, m
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CHAPTER 2
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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1

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2
2.2.1

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3

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paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. Spacing between the last line
of text and table is 1.5 lines.
Table 2.1: Sensor Detector Range (in meter)
Sensor
A
B
C

1
30
23
17

2
18
22
31

Range
3
26
32
24

4
17
25
22

5
15
30
29

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paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General
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Source

Reflected

Figure 2.1: Reflection from Smooth Surface

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CHAPTER 3
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METHODOLOGY
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3.1

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CHAPTER 4
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RESULT AND ANALYSIS

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CHAPTER 5
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DISCUSSION
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CHAPTER 6
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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REFERENCES
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[1]

Muller, B. & Reinhardt, J. 1990, Neural Networks: An Introduction, SpringerVerlag, Berlin.

(1.5-line spacing)

[2]

Meyers, A.G. & Priest, S.D. 1992, A technique for moulding cyclindrical
discontinuos model, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Technical Note,
vol 25, no 3, pp. 207 -214.
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.....................................................
(Minimum list of references: 15 references arranged in alphabetical order)
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Project Schedule - Gantt Chart

10