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Character Identification:
Adam Archangels
Eve The Great Chain of Being
God the Father Michael
God the Son Raphael
Satan Uriel
Lucifer Gabriel
Sin Beelzebub
Death Moloch
Chaos Belial
Old Night Mulciber
Angels Maamon
Free Will
• How did Milton believe Free Will factored into salvation/damnation/redemption?
• Which characters had Free Will? How is this shown in the major characters of
Paradise Lost?
• How is Free Will responsible for the following characters either falling from
grace or being restored to it: Christ, Satan, Adam, Eve
• Explain the differences between the moral responsibility of Adam, Eve, & Satan
o Adam’s sin was primarily motivated by love for Eve. He ate of the fruit
after she did because he would be lonely without her as she, who had
eaten of the fruit, eventually grew old and died.
o Eve was deceived outright. Though her sin is different from Adam’s in its
motivation, her sin was committed with the idea of becoming better, of
overleaping what she was as God created her. This would be ambition or
greed or one of the other deadly sins, but would be nowhere near Satan’s
o Satan had been the fount of sin and death. He created it out of envy for
God’s power and position. Afterwards, too, to compound his
wretchedness, Milton alludes that even Satan – SHOULD HE CHOOSE
TO REPENT VOLUNTARILY – would be given a second chance at
redemption. Satan would, of course, need to prostrate himself much like
the returning Prodigal Son in the parable: content even to be a servant in
the master’s house. To heighten the loss the reader has for such a great
specimen, Satan has so many admirable (if not human) qualities valued by
mankind. What a waste.
Pandemonium – what is it and what conceits are used to describe it (end of Book I)
Moral Responsibility
• What is elemental to be morally responsible?
• How are Adam, Eve & Satan differently responsible for their actions?
Directions: Please complete the following on either the back of this sheet, or your
own paper.
• Consider the title of the piece. Why a "modest" proposal? Why didn't Swift just use "A Proposal"
for the title?
• Look at the tone Swift uses through his essay. Does it stay the same or change over the course of
his discussion? Why does he use the first person? Is this voice identical with Swift's own voice?
Or is it How does his tone contribute to the persona he uses?
• Why would Swift choose to have it be an American who first introduced the speaker to baby-
eating? What stereotypes might we be seeing here about eighteenth-century Americans?
• What makes this essay funny (or un-funny)? Does that change over the course of the essay?
Copyright Dr. L. Kip Wheeler 1998-2009. Permission is granted for non-profit, educational, and student reproduction.